RBSE Solutions Class 10 Social Science Chapter 3 Resistance and Freedom Struggle Again

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. When was East India Company established?
Answer: The East India Company was set up on 23rd September in the year 1600 A.D. This British company played a big role in India's history.
In simple words: The East India Company was started on September 23, 1600.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the full date for such historical events to show precise knowledge.

Question 2. When was treaty of Surjigaon Sandhi held and between whom?
Answer: The Treaty of Surjigaon Sandhi took place on 30th December 1803 A.D. This treaty was signed between the English and Scindhia, after Scindhia was defeated in the Battle of Lalwadi. Treaties like this often ended wars and changed control of land.
In simple words: The Surjigaon Sandhi treaty happened on December 30, 1803, between the English and Scindhia, after Scindhia lost a battle.

🎯 Exam Tip: For treaties, always mention the full date and the parties involved to get full marks.

Question 3. Tipu Sultan was the ruler of which place?
Answer: Tipu Sultan was the ruler of Mysore. He was a brave and well-known king in South India.
In simple words: Tipu Sultan ruled Mysore.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a historical figure's domain, name the specific kingdom or region.

Question 4. When was Amritsar treaty held?
Answer: The Treaty of Amritsar was held on 25th April, 1809 A.D. This treaty set an important boundary between the British territories and the Sikh kingdom.
In simple words: The Amritsar treaty happened on April 25, 1809.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note both the full date and the type of event (treaty) for clarity.

Question 5. Why were Sanyasis annoyed from English?
Answer: The Sanyasis were annoyed with the English because of the new rules and taxes imposed by the British. These rules often disturbed their traditional way of life and religious practices. They also faced problems visiting pilgrimage places due to new British controls.
In simple words: Sanyasis were upset with the English because of their new taxes and rules that affected their religious travel and traditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the key reasons for annoyance, focusing on how British policies impacted their daily lives.

Question 7. Who led the revolt of 1857 in Bihar?
Answer: Kunwar Singh, who was a Zamindar (landlord) of Jagdhishpur, led the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar. He was an old but brave leader who fought fiercely against the British.
In simple words: Kunwar Singh, a landlord from Jagdhishpur, led the 1857 revolt in Bihar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the specific leaders for different regions during the 1857 Revolt.

Question 8. Who was the first Individual Satyagrahi or personal Satyagraha?
Answer: Vinoba Bhave was the first Individual Satyagrahi, meaning he was the first person to offer personal Satyagraha. He was chosen by Mahatma Gandhi for this important non-violent protest.
In simple words: Vinoba Bhave was the first person to do individual Satyagraha.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the name of the first person designated as an Individual Satyagrahi.

Question 9. When was farmers movements of Bengal started?
Answer: The farmers' movements in Bengal began in 1921 A.D. These movements aimed to protest against unfair land taxes and policies.
In simple words: Farmers in Bengal started movements in 1921.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the year accurately for historical events involving mass movements.

Resistance and Freedom Struggle Against the British Empire RBSE Class 10 Social Science Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Illustrate the First Anglo-Maratha Struggle.
Answer:
First English-Maratha War: The English and Marathas fought a struggle between 1775 and 1782 A.D. This long conflict showed the strength of the Maratha Empire at the time.
Treaty of Badgaon: The British army was defeated by the strong Maratha army. As a result, the British had to sign an insulting treaty at Badgaon on 29th January 1799 A.D.
According to this treaty:
1. The regions that the English had won were given back to the Marathas.
In simple words: The First Anglo-Maratha War was a fight from 1775 to 1782 where the British lost to the Marathas. They then signed the Treaty of Badgaon, returning captured areas to the Marathas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When illustrating a struggle, remember to include the period of conflict and any key treaties involved.

Question 2. Illustrate Tipu Sultan's struggle and the end of Mysore's freedom.
Answer:
1. Tipu Sultan won the Fort of Sri Rangapatnam on 4th May, 1799 A.D. This was a significant event in his struggle.
2. The freedom of Mysore ended after a series of battles with the British. Mysore became part of British India.
3. Tipu Sultan died while bravely struggling against the British forces. His death marked a major turning point in the history of Mysore.
In simple words: Tipu Sultan fought bravely, winning the Fort of Sri Rangapatnam. However, Mysore eventually lost its freedom, and Tipu Sultan died during the struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to illustrate events, provide specific dates and outcomes related to the main characters.

Question 3. What is the contribution of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in freedom struggle?
Answer: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was a great revolutionary, a true patriot, and an excellent organizer. His lifelong sacrifice for the nation's freedom is huge. People gave him the title of 'Veer', which means brave, so he was known as Veer Savarkar. He was born on 28 May 1883 A.D. in Bhagur village, Maharashtra. After finishing high school in 1901, he joined Ferguson College, where he met Lokmanya Tilak. During the Bengal partition, he burned foreign clothes and started an organization called 'Mitra Mela' with his friends. Because of this, he was expelled from college. He was the only revolutionary the British jailed for life. His book 'The Indian War of Independence' was banned by the British government, but it still reached India with different names before publication. He also started 'Abhinav Bharat' in 1906 A.D. Savarkar was the first to call the 1857 struggle the first War of Independence, not just a rebellion. He spent many years in the Cellular Jail of Andaman. Because of poor health, he was moved to Ratnagiri in 1924 A.D. He was released from jail in 1937. He worked hard to stop the division of India. Savarkar's writings and actions inspired many to join the freedom movement.
In simple words: Veer Savarkar was a brave revolutionary who fought for India's freedom. He started 'Mitra Mela' and 'Abhinav Bharat', wrote 'The Indian War of Independence', and was jailed for life. He was the first to call the 1857 revolt the First War of Independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight key organizations, publications, and unique contributions (like naming the 1857 revolt) when describing a revolutionary's role.

Question 4. Write a short note on Champaran farmers movement.
Answer: In the Champaran District, European indigo planters treated farmers in Bihar very badly. To fight this, Gandhiji went to Champaran and, with Rajendra Prasad's help, found out the real problems of the farmers. He asked the farmers to start a non-violent movement. Later, an inquiry committee was formed in 1917. Based on its report, the Champaran Agriculture Act was passed. This act stopped farmers from being forced to grow indigo. This movement was a crucial early success for Gandhi's non-violent methods in India.
In simple words: European indigo planters were cruel to Champaran farmers. Gandhiji and Rajendra Prasad helped farmers start a non-violent protest, leading to a law that stopped forced indigo farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: For short notes, include the location, the main problem, the key leaders, and the outcome of the movement.

Question 5. When was Indian National Congress established and How?
Answer: The Indian National Congress was formed because of the political changes happening in India after 1858 A.D. It was started by Allen Octavian Hume, a retired English officer from the Indian Civil Service. The British thought that creating a platform for discussion would help control growing discontent. The Congress became a major force in India's freedom struggle.
In simple words: The Indian National Congress was started by Allen Octavian Hume after 1858 A.D. to deal with India's political changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention the founder and the general time period for the establishment of major organizations.

Question 6. Which movement was launched by the Govind Guru?
Answer: Govind Guru launched the Bhagat Movement. He established the 'Samp Sabha' to help the Bhil community grow socially and morally. He also started the 'Bhagat Sect' to keep them within Hindu religious practices. The British government feared that Govind Guru's organization and reform movement might lead to the creation of a Bhil state. Govind Guru was arrested by the Dungarpur state in April 1913 but was later released. He went to the Mangarh hills with his followers. In October 1913, he sent a message to gather all Bhils on Mangarh hill. This movement focused on social and religious upliftment alongside political awareness.
In simple words: Govind Guru started the Bhagat Movement to improve the social and moral life of the Bhil community and strengthen their Hindu faith.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the name of the movement and its main goals when discussing a leader's contribution.

Question 7. Explain Bijolia Farmers Movement.
Answer: The Bijolia Farmers Movement was the first such movement by farmers in Rajasthan. Most of these farmers belonged to the Dhakad caste. Until 1894, when Rao Govind Das died, the Bijolia farmers had no complaints against their landlords (Jagirdars). However, the new Jagirdar, Krishna Singh (Kishan Singh), changed the management policies and how the estate dealt with farmers. In 1897, at a feast after Gangaram Dhakad's death in Girdharpura village, thousands of farmers openly discussed their problems and informed the Maharana. Hamid Hussain, an Assistant Revenue officer, was appointed to look into complaints about taxes (Lagat) and forced labor (Begar). Hamid Hussain's report against the estate was given to Mehkma Khas, but nothing changed. The state only agreed to reduce one or two types of taxes. This boosted the confidence of Krishna Singh. Due to many different taxes and the severe famine of 1899-1900 A.D. (known as Chapaniya Akal), the Bijolia farmers were in a very bad state. The 'Chanvari tax' was not only a financial burden but also a big social insult for Bijolia farmers. Farmers opposed it strongly and did not marry their daughters for two years. In 1917, on the day of Hariyali Amavasya, the 'Uppar Mai Panch Board Organization' was formed, and the movement began under its banner. This movement became a model for other farmer protests.
In simple words: The Bijolia Farmers Movement started in Rajasthan due to high taxes and unfair policies by new landlords. Farmers, led by Krishna Singh and later others, protested against these issues and the humiliating Chanvari tax, forming the Uppar Mai Panch Board.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining a movement, include its starting point, key causes, important individuals, and its impact or legacy.

Question 8. Why did Indians oppose Simon Commission?
Answer: The British government appointed a commission in 1927 A.D. under the leadership of Sir John Simon to review the Government of India Act, 1919. Indians opposed the Simon Commission because it had seven members, but not a single Indian was included in it. This exclusion made Indians feel that their opinions and needs were not being considered, sparking widespread protests. The lack of Indian representation was seen as a grave insult to the self-respect of the Indian people.
In simple words: Indians opposed the Simon Commission because it had no Indian members, even though it was meant to review the Indian government.

🎯 Exam Tip: The main reason for opposition to the Simon Commission was the absence of Indian members; this point is crucial for your answer.

Resistance and Freedom Struggle Against the British Empire Class 10 Social Science RBSE Solutions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Describe the struggle done by Marathas and Mysore with English.
Answer:
First English-Mysore Struggle: In 1761, Haider Ali took power from the king of Mysore, Nandaraj. He became the king of Mysore in 1776 after the previous king died. Haider Ali was a problem for the English who wanted to expand their empire. So, the English formed a group against Haider Ali with the Marathas and Nizam. But Haider Ali cleverly made the Marathas stay neutral and convinced Nizam to join his side by offering them land. In 1767 A.D., Haider Ali attacked areas held by the British. This showed his strategic mind and military prowess.
Treaty of Madras: The English were defeated and felt helpless, so they made a treaty with Haider Ali called the Treaty of Madras. In this treaty, both sides agreed to give back the regions they had taken from each other.
Second English-Mysore Struggle: The English wanted to get revenge for their defeat. Many Hindus were also angry with the English because of their control over Guntur. So, Haider Ali fought against the English again in July 1780 A.D., with the help of Marathas and Nizam. Haider Ali was successful but died on 7 December 1782 A.D., so his son Tipu Sultan took over the leadership.
Treaty of Mangalore: Tipu Sultan continued the war for a year. After both sides got tired of fighting for 11 years, they signed the Treaty of Mangalore. They returned the occupied territories to each other. The English promised not to interfere in Mysore's matters. This treaty brought a temporary peace.
Third English-Mysore War:
1. The English wanted to end Tipu Sultan's power completely.
2. Tipu wanted to buy Dutch forts at Kagnoor and Icot in Cochin to protect Malabar.
3. The king of Travancore, who was protected by the English, bought these forts. This made Tipu angry.
So, in April 1790, Tipu attacked Travancore. Cornwallis then attacked Mysore with a large army. The struggle continued with more battles. The English saw Tipu Sultan as a major obstacle to their imperial ambitions. They decided to either remove him completely or take full control of his kingdom. They tried to make a supportive treaty, but Tipu rejected it. Therefore, the British started a campaign against Tipu in April 1799 A.D. They captured the fort of Sri Rangapatnam on 4 May 1799, and Tipu died, which ended Mysore's freedom. This series of wars ultimately led to British dominance in South India.
In simple words: The Marathas and Mysore fought several wars with the English. Haider Ali and later his son Tipu Sultan led Mysore. They signed treaties like Madras and Mangalore, but conflicts continued. The English aimed to remove Tipu's power, leading to the Third Anglo-Mysore War, where Tipu died and Mysore lost its freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a historical struggle, provide specific names of key figures, dates of battles, and names of treaties, explaining how each event contributed to the overall outcome.

Question 2. Describe the first war of Independence, 1857 A.D.
Answer: There are different views on what the First War of Independence in 1857 actually was. British and European historians called it a Sepoy mutiny, a rebellion by soldiers, or a result of Muslim conspiracy. On the other hand, Indian historians and thinkers saw it as a military revolt that quickly grew into a large mass movement. Later, it turned into a national revolt and a freedom movement. Surendra Nath wrote that "This war started in the name of religion and ended as a freedom movement." Dr. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, in his book 'War of India's Freedom' or 'War of Indian Independence', called this war India's war of independence. This conflict showed the deep-seated discontent against British rule.
Causes of Struggle for Freedom:
1. British economic policies: These policies harmed Indian industries and agriculture.
2. Lord Dalhousie's Doctrine of Lapse: This policy allowed the British to take over Indian states if their rulers died without a natural male heir.
3. British policy of imperialist expansion: The British kept expanding their control over Indian territories.
4. Social, religious, and military causes: These included things like the use of greased cartridges, which hurt religious feelings.
Beginning of the Freedom Struggle and Widespread: The trouble started when soldiers were angry about the greased cartridges, which were thought to be covered in animal fat. They were accused of bad behavior and punished. On 29th March 1857, Mangal Pandey, a Brahmin soldier, revolted and killed a British officer. British officers then disbanded the 34th V.N.I. Regiment and punished Indian soldiers.
Meerut: In May 1857, 85 soldiers in Meerut refused to use the greased cartridges. They were punished with long jail terms by the military court. On 10th May, soldiers openly revolted, killed their officers, freed their friends from prison, and marched towards Delhi. This quick action showed their strong resolve.
Delhi: On 12th May, the rebels captured Delhi and declared Bahadur Shah II as the Emperor of India. Soon, the revolt spread to Lucknow, Allahabad, Kanpur, Bareilly, Banaras, parts of Bihar, Jhansi, and other regions. The British called for their army from Punjab to take back Delhi in September 1857. In this war, the English officer Lord Sir John tried to recapture Lucknow but failed. Finally, in November 1857 A.D., Sir Colin Campbell entered the city with the help of the Gorkha regiment and recaptured Lucknow in 1857 A.D.
Kanpur: On 5th June 1857, revolutionaries captured Kanpur and announced Nana Sahib as Peshwa. However, General Sir Hugh Wheeler, the commander of the cantonment, surrendered on 27th June. On 6th December 1857, Sir Colin Campbell recaptured Kanpur. Tantia Tope managed to escape and went to Jhansi.
Central India Jhansi: The revolt in Jhansi started in June. Rani Laxmi Bai was declared the ruler of the state. Sir Hugh Rose recaptured Jhansi by attacking it in April 1858. Rani and Tantia Tope fled towards Gwalior, where Indian soldiers welcomed them. However, Scindia remained loyal to the British and took shelter in Agra. Rani Laxmi Bai died bravely fighting on the battlefield. Tantia Tope was captured with the help of one of Scindia's chieftains and was sentenced to death by the British. The 1857 revolt, though ultimately suppressed, laid the groundwork for future freedom movements.
In simple words: The 1857 War of Independence started due to British policies and greased cartridges. It began as a Sepoy mutiny, spreading from Mangal Pandey's revolt to Meerut, Delhi, Lucknow, Kanpur, and Jhansi. Leaders like Nana Sahib, Tantia Tope, and Rani Laxmi Bai fought bravely, but the British eventually suppressed the revolt, recapturing key areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer by first discussing the nature of the revolt, then its causes, and finally its spread with specific examples of leaders and places.

Question 3. Describe the mass movements held from 1919 to 1947 A.D.
Answer: The period from 1919 to 1947 witnessed several important mass movements that shaped India's struggle for independence. These movements involved large numbers of people and used various forms of protest.
Political/Mass Movements from 1919-1947:
(i) Non-Co-operation and Khilafat Movement: Events like the Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwala Massacre, the Hunter Committee report, the division of Turkey, and the abolition of the Khilafa's post made Gandhiji very upset. In 1920, the Congress decided not to cooperate with the unjust British government. This movement involved giving up government jobs, legislative assembly seats, court positions, government schools, and foreign goods. It also included not paying taxes, establishing national education institutions, settling disputes with local leaders, and using handmade clothes. About 3,000 people went to jail. But when this movement was at its peak on 5th February 1922, police were attacked during a peaceful procession in Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh. The people became violent and burned the police station, killing 21 policemen and one superintendent. This incident led to the suspension of the Non-Co-operation Movement.
(ii) Civil Disobedience Movement: On 30th December 1929 A.D., in a Congress session led by Jawahar Lal Nehru, the Congress passed a resolution for complete independence. This declaration marked a new phase in the freedom struggle.
Dandi March: To achieve complete independence, Gandhiji, along with 78 members, marched 200 km from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi village on the Gujarat coast. This march began on 6th April 1930. Gandhiji also participated in the first Round Table Conference for Indian Constitutional reforms and restarted the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932 A.D. He accepted that his movement failed and resigned from Congress membership.
Individual/Personal Satyagraha: When the Second World War started, strikes and protests were happening across the nation, including against India's involvement in the war. Gandhiji suggested Individual Satyagraha instead of mass Satyagraha, which the Congress accepted. Vinoba Bhave was the first person jailed for three months, Jawahar Lal Nehru was the second, and Brahmadutta was the third. About 30,000 people were arrested during this Individual Satyagraha.
(iii) Quit India Movement: The tense situation caused by these factors, and the decision made by Congress in the Wardha session on 14th July 1942 in Bombay, led to the acceptance of Gandhiji's Quit India Resolution. In his speech, Gandhiji gave the slogan "Do or Die." This slogan aimed to inspire Indians to sacrifice their lives for the country and break free from slavery. This movement was one of the final pushes for independence.
Achievement of the Movement: This movement paved the way for India's freedom. It filled Indians with feelings of bravery, courage, excitement, and sacrifice for the nation. A new generation emerged to lead the country, which strengthened people's power and resolve to fight. India now desired nothing less than complete freedom. These movements collectively mobilized millions and put immense pressure on the British Raj.
In simple words: From 1919 to 1947, India saw many big movements like the Non-Co-operation and Khilafat Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement (which included the Dandi March), Individual Satyagraha, and the Quit India Movement. These movements, led by Gandhiji and other leaders, aimed for complete independence and made many Indians brave enough to fight for their freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing mass movements, cover key events, their leaders, causes, specific forms of protest, and their ultimate impact on the freedom struggle, ensuring to use clear sub-headings.

Question 4. Illustrate the contribution of the Revolutionaries in the struggle of India's independence.
Answer: Revolutionaries wrote the history of freedom with their sacrifices from the late 19th century to the 20th century. After the 1857 revolt, the English re-established their empire. However, Lord Curzon's harsh policies forced Indians to turn to revolutionary movements. The partition of Bengal in 1905 made every Indian angry. The feeling of insult arose among people because leaders failed to provide skilled leadership, which led to the birth of the Revolutionary movement. The revolutionaries believed that foreign rule would destroy national life elements like religious and political freedoms, moral values, and Indian culture. All revolutionaries had one main goal: to free the motherland from foreign rule. They used bold and direct actions to challenge British authority.
Murder of Rand by Chapekar Brothers: The Chapekar Brothers of Pune (Maharashtra) - Damodar Hari Chapekar, Balkrishna Hari Chapekar, and Vasudev Hari Chapekar - played a role in guiding the Revolutionary movement. They started the 'Hindu Security Sabha' in 1893. Under its banner, they began celebrating Ganesh and Shivaji festivals to spread nationalism among the people. In 1897, a plague spread in Pune. The plague commissioner, Rand, and his assistant, Ayerst, terrorized the plague victims instead of helping them. Both officers were known for their bad conduct and harshness, and Pune city was terrified of their cruel acts. The Chapekar brothers murdered both officers on 22nd June 1897. The Chapekar brothers were arrested and sentenced to death for this act.
Shyamji Krishna Verma received his education from Cambridge University and became a lawyer. When he returned to India, he saw the behavior of English political residents. He decided to free India and established his center of activity in London. He took the initiative to set up a revolutionary organization to achieve freedom outside the country. In 1905, he organized the 'Bharat Self Rule Samiti', which was named 'India House'. He also started a monthly magazine called 'India Socialism'. He also started a fellowship program for Indians studying abroad. Revolutionaries like V.D. Savarkar, Lala Hardayal, and Madan Lal Dhingra became members. Seeing Shyamji Verma's activities, the English government began taking action against him. He left India and moved to Paris, continuing his work from there.
Revolutionary Movement in Bengal: In Bengal, the Revolutionary movement was started by Sri P. Mishra by establishing a revolutionary organization called 'Anushilan Samiti'. Political awareness grew in Bengal after its partition, and the movement's goal was not just to stop the partition but to achieve self-rule (nation). In 1905, Varindra Kumar Ghosh wrote a book called 'Bhawani Mandir', which gave detailed information on organizing revolutionary activities. Thoughts against the English were published in 'Yugantar' and 'Sandhya' magazines. Another book, 'Mukti Kaun Pathe', asked soldiers to provide arms and weapons to Indian revolutionaries. These efforts kept the flame of resistance alive.
In simple words: Indian revolutionaries fought for freedom with courage. They believed British rule would destroy Indian culture. Key figures like the Chapekar Brothers (who killed Rand), Shyamji Krishna Verma (who started India House abroad), and movements in Bengal (like Anushilan Samiti) pushed for independence through bold actions and ideas, inspiring many.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing revolutionaries, include key individuals or groups, their significant actions (like assassinations or founding organizations), and their core ideology or motivations.

Question 5. Describe farmers' movements in Rajasthan.
Answer: Farmers' movements in Rajasthan were primarily driven by several causes. These included Jagirdars recovering revenue through goods instead of money, and British administrative changes that altered the traditional, fair view of landlords towards farmers. The heavy burden of taxes and forced labor, along with other injustices, sparked widespread unrest among the farming communities.
Bijolia Farmers Movement (Bhilwara): This was the first farmers' movement in Rajasthan. Most of the farmers were from the Dhakad Caste. Until Rao Govind Das died in 1894, Bijolia farmers had no complaints. However, the new Jagirdar changed the estate's management policy, increasing problems for farmers. This led to organized resistance, making it a model for other movements.
Sikar Kisan Movement: This movement began because the land revenue was increased by 25-30% by the new Raoraja Kalyan Singh of Sikar Thikana. He excused this increase by saying the money was spent on his predecessor's cremation and his own coronation, promising a rebate the next year. But he forgot his promise in 1923 A.D. Under the leadership of Ram Narayan Chaudhary of Rajasthan, farmers from the Seva Sangh raised their voices.
Farmers Movement (Chittorgarh) Bengu: Inspired by the Bijolia farmers' movement, farmers of the Bengu thikana also started a movement in 1921. They too were oppressed by taxes (Lag Bag) and forced labor (Lagan). Most of them were from the Dhakad caste, like in Bijoliya. They also suffered from forced labor and harsh treatments by the landlords. These shared grievances fueled their collective action.
Barad Farmers Movement (Bundi): Heavy taxes (Lagans), forced labor (Begar), and high revenue rates were the main reasons for the Barad farmers' movement. The oppressed farmers of the Barad region in Bundi state joined with those of Bijoliya and started their movement against the Bundi administration in April 1922. The leadership of this movement was in the hands of dedicated worker Nayanuram Sharma of Rajasthan Seva Sangh.
Nimuchanna Farmers Movement (Alwar): In Alwar, there was a ban on killing pigs, which destroyed farmers' crops. So, in 1921, farmers started a movement. Due to pressure from the farmers, the Maharaja had to allow them to kill the pigs. In 1922, after the third land settlement in 1923-24, new revenue rates were imposed in Alwar. According to these, former Rajputs and Brahmins paid less revenue compared to other castes, but the new system removed these special rights, affecting other castes more. These movements collectively highlight the widespread discontent among farmers due to exploitative British policies and feudal practices.
In simple words: Farmers' movements in Rajasthan happened because of high taxes, forced labor, and unfair British land policies. Major movements included those in Bijolia, Sikar, Bengu, Barad (Bundi), and Nimuchanna (Alwar), where farmers protested against their landlords and British rules, sometimes achieving small victories.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing farmers' movements, identify the location, main causes, significant leaders, and the specific issues they protested against, such as tax increases or forced labor.

Resistance and Freedom Struggle Against the British Empire Class 10 Social Science Rajasthan Board Solutions Additional Questions Solved

Question 1. When did the battle of Plassey occur?
Answer: The Battle of Plassey took place on 23rd June 1757 A.D. This battle was a turning point in Indian history, leading to British rule in Bengal.
In simple words: The Battle of Plassey happened on June 23, 1757.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember this specific date as the Battle of Plassey is a foundational event for British control in India.

Question 2. When did war of Buxar held and between whom?
Answer: The Battle of Buxar was held on 22nd October 1764 A.D. It was fought between Mir Qasim and the British forces. This battle further strengthened British power in India.
In simple words: The Battle of Buxar was on October 22, 1764, between Mir Qasim and the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: For battles, always state the full date and the key parties involved.

Resistance and Freedom Struggle Against the British Empire RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What was the nature or form of India's first war of Independence?
Answer: There are different views on the nature of India's first War of Independence. British and European historians often called it a Sepoy mutiny or a result of a Muslim conspiracy. On the other hand, Indian historians and thinkers saw it differently. They believed it started as a military revolt that quickly grew into a large mass movement. Later, it became a national revolt and a freedom movement. Surendra Nath wrote that "This war was started in the name of religion and ended in a freedom movement." Dr. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, in his book 'War of India's Freedom' or 'War of Indian Independence', called this war India's war of independence. This debate shows the different ways people viewed the rebellion.
In simple words: India's first War of Independence was seen differently by people. Some called it a soldier's revolt, while others, especially Indians, called it a national fight for freedom that started from a military uprising.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the "nature" of an event, provide both sides of the argument or different perspectives on it.

Resistance and Freedom Struggle Against the British Empire Class 10 Social Science RBSE Solutions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Describe Sikh-Anglo War.
Answer: The Sikh-Anglo Wars were significant conflicts that ultimately led to the British taking control of Punjab. These wars were a clash between the powerful Sikh Empire and the expanding British East India Company.
Cause: The main reasons for the first English-Sikh War were the British's imperialistic policies and their strategy of 'divide and rule'. After their first encounter, Lord Hardinge declared war against the Sikhs on 13th December 1845. The growing British influence around Sikh territories created tension.
Sabrao War: A decisive battle in the English-Sikh War took place on 10th February 1846. After this war, Lahore came under British control. This marked a significant loss for the Sikh Empire.
Second English-Sikh Battle and Merger of Punjab in British Empire:
Causes: In 1847-48, the English introduced reforms in Punjab that made all Sikhs unhappy. Soldiers who were released from military service were restless. Rani Jindan's rights were taken away, and she wanted revenge. Excessive interference by the British resident in internal matters and Dalhousie's desire to fully control Punjab made the English-Sikh War unavoidable. On 10th October 1848, Dalhousie declared the last war with the Sikhs. The battle began, and after Sher Singh, Chattar Singh, and Mulraj surrendered, the war ended on 13th March 1849 A.D. Dalhousie then merged Punjab into British India with a declaration on 29th March 1849 A.D. This declaration officially ended Punjab's independent status, making it a part of the British Empire. These wars showed the British's determination to expand their empire and the Sikhs' valiant but ultimately unsuccessful resistance.
In simple words: The Sikh-Anglo Wars were fought between the British and the Sikh Empire due to British expansion and policies. The first war ended with Lahore under British control after the Sabrao War. The second war, caused by reforms and British interference, led to the defeat of the Sikhs and the complete merger of Punjab into the British Empire in 1849.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing wars, always state the causes, key battles, and the ultimate outcome, including specific dates of declarations and mergers.

Question 2. Describe the Tribals movements.
Answer: Tribal movements were a series of rebellions by tribal communities against the British and their associated policies. These movements were often responses to the disruption of their traditional ways of life, their forest rights, and their cultural identity.
Causes of Tribal Movements:
* Loss of freedom: Tribal communities lost their traditional independence.
* Influence of foreigners in self-rule: Outside interference in their local governance.
* Changes in administration: New British administrative systems disrupted their existing structures.
* Demand for excessive taxes: Unfair and heavy taxes were imposed on them.
* Dissolution of traditional economic systems: Their traditional ways of earning a living were destroyed.
* Tribal Revolt in Bengal and East India: Specific examples of tribal uprisings.
(i) Sanyasi Revolt: A severe famine struck Bengal between 1769-1770 A.D., after the British began ruling there. In addition to the famine, the English charged high taxes. Sanyasis, who regularly went on pilgrimages and practiced agriculture, became angry when their pilgrimage sites were banned. Sanyasis also had a history of fighting against injustice. So, they joined with common people and raided the wealth of the company by attacking their trading posts and treasuries. They fought against the company's soldiers, but Warren Hastings suppressed the revolt after a long campaign. This revolt is depicted in Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's novel 'Anand Math'.
Kol Revolt: Causes: This revolt was mainly caused by administrative complexities. The Kol people suffered due to new laws, taxes, and the entry of outsiders into their lands. The British system did not understand or respect their traditional laws and land ownership, leading to frustration. They felt their way of life was being threatened.
The Kol people lived in the region of Manbhum. After extensive military action, peace was restored there. Metcalfe, the president of the council in Calcutta, recognized that there was a clear feeling of opposition towards the British in this revolt. This revolt underscored the deep-seated grievances of tribal communities.
Santhal Revolt: This was an important revolt that took place between 1855-56. It showed clear leadership and organization. The revolt spread across Veer Bhumi, Bakura, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh, Bhagalpur, and Mahajans.
Causes: The main reasons were high revenue demands, misbehavior by officers, oppressive police policies, and forced tax collection by landlords and moneylenders.
Leadership: The revolt was led by two brothers, Sindhu and Kanhu. They declared an end to company rule and themselves as independent rulers. After much military action, things came under control in 1856 A.D., and the government had to create a separate Santhal Pargana. This recognized the unique demands of the Santhal community.
Bhil Revolt: The Bhil tribe lived in the Khandesh district on the west coast. They revolted against their new master, the English, from 1812-19. Company officials believed that the Peshwa Baji Rao II and his representative, Trimbakji Dangaliya, encouraged this revolt.
Causes: The main causes were difficulties related to agriculture and fear of the new government. The Bhils felt their traditional agricultural practices were being threatened by British policies.
Many English battalions were involved in crushing them. They revolted again in 1825 under Sevram's leadership. Other revolts also occurred in 1831 and 1846. These repeated uprisings showed their persistent resistance.
Ramosi Revolt: The Ramosi tribe lived on the west coast. They were unhappy with the English administrative system and governance. In 1822, they revolted under the leadership of their chief, Chittar Singh, and plundered areas near Satara. The English successfully suppressed these revolts through large military action. The Ramosi people, like other tribal groups, resisted changes that threatened their autonomy and economic stability.
In simple words: Tribal movements like the Sanyasi, Kol, Santhal, Bhil, and Ramosi revolts happened because British rule took away their freedom, changed their traditional ways, imposed heavy taxes, and interfered in their local matters. Leaders like Sindhu and Kanhu led these tribes in fighting against the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: For tribal movements, highlight common causes like loss of land, new taxes, and cultural interference, and mention specific revolts with their leaders and outcomes.