RBSE Solutions Class 10 Physical Education Chapter 3 Effect of Physical Exercise on Human Body

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is neck?
Answer: The neck is the part of our body that connects the head to the main body trunk. It allows our head to move in many directions, helping us to see and hear things around us.
In simple words: The neck is the body part that joins your head to your body.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining body parts, always mention its location and primary function clearly.

Question 2. What is a cell in human body?
Answer: A cell is the most basic building block of all living things, including the human body. It is the smallest unit that can carry out life processes, working like a tiny factory inside us. Cells are responsible for everything from growth to thinking.
In simple words: A cell is the smallest unit of life that makes up all living things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to highlight that cells are both structural (building blocks) and functional (perform life tasks).

Question 3. What is meant by voluntary muscles?
Answer: Voluntary muscles are those that we can control with our thoughts, meaning we can decide when to move them. These muscles can be made to get shorter (contract) or longer (expand) whenever we want to move a specific body part. Muscles in our arms, legs, face, and main body (trunk) are examples of voluntary muscles, letting us perform actions like walking or smiling.
In simple words: Voluntary muscles are muscles we can control, like the ones in your arms and legs.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key characteristic of voluntary muscles is conscious control, so always mention "under the control of our will."

Question 4. What is the main function of digestive system?
Answer: The main job of the digestive system is to break down the food we eat into tiny, simple parts. This process, called digestion, changes complex food into small, usable elements that our blood can absorb and carry to all parts of the body for energy and growth. Without proper digestion, our bodies wouldn't get the nutrients they need.
In simple words: The digestive system breaks down food into small pieces so our body can use them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize both the breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients as the core functions of digestion.

Essay Type Questions

In humans, there are four basic types of tissue:

• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Muscular tissue
• Nervous tissue

Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body. It also forms the lining for most internal cavities. Its main function is to protect the inner lining of organs like the face, skin, intestines, lungs, and blood vessels. The skin itself is an organ made of epithelial tissue, which helps protect the body from dirt, dust, and bacteria.

Connective tissue is found throughout the human body. Bones are a good example of this type of tissue. Muscular tissue varies depending on its function and where it is located in the body. Nervous tissue is the main tissue that makes up two key parts of the nervous system: the spinal cord and the brain.

Exercises and games improve both the physical and mental parts of the body. They help bones and muscles grow stronger and improve how the body works. When we exercise, more blood flows to different organs and parts of the body, which increases the body's strength. Exercise also boosts the body's ability to fight off diseases. However, good exercise must always be paired with healthy food.

Question 2. Describe the human skeletal system in detail.
Answer: The human skeletal system is a network of bones and supporting tissues like tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Bones are made of cells, fibers, and natural salts, making them strong, hard, and sometimes spongy. This framework allows us to move because muscles attach to the joints between bones. If we imagine removing all the skin, muscles, and organs, only the bony skeleton would remain, showing its fundamental role in our structure.
In simple words: The skeletal system is all the bones and connecting tissues in our body. It gives us shape and helps us move.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the skeletal system, make sure to mention both bones and the key connective tissues like tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.

which join firmly the bones at the joints and they, thus, help in the movement of the joints without any constraint or friction.

Four Functions of Skeletal System:

• Shape and support – It gives shape and support to the human body.
• Protection - It protects the delicate and main internal organs of the body. For example Cranium protects brain and eyes, Thoracic cage protects heart and lungs, Vertebrae protects spinal cord and Pelvis protects Rectum and Bladder.
• Mobility - Muscles attached to the joints of bones provide space for movement.
• Bones helps to form red and white corpuscles in the bone marrow.

Question 3. What points are to be kept in mind while doing exercises?
Answer: When exercising, it is important to follow certain precautions to get the best results and stay safe. First, try to exercise regularly. Second, it's best to exercise on an empty stomach, usually in the morning or evening, to avoid discomfort. Third, always adjust your exercise to suit your age and physical ability, starting easy and gradually increasing difficulty. Fourth, consider the weather conditions when planning your workout. Fifth, coordinate your exercise routine with your daily responsibilities and available time, and finally, always choose exercises that match your specific needs or goals.
In simple words: Remember to exercise regularly, at the right time (like on an empty stomach), and choose exercises that fit your age and what you want to achieve.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on safety and effectiveness; key points include regularity, appropriate intensity, and considering personal factors like age and time.

Additional Questions Solved

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 2. The contraction and expansion process continues for the whole span of life in case of -
(a) Voluntary muscles
(b) Heart muscles
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the options
Answer: (b) Heart muscles
In simple words: Our heart muscles never stop working, always contracting and expanding to pump blood throughout our entire life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that heart muscles are unique because they are involuntary and work continuously without rest from birth to death.

Question 3. Ordinarily a person has about -
(a) 8 to 10 litre blood
(b) 2 to 3 litre blood
(c) 4 litre blood
(d) 6 litre blood
Answer: (c) 4 litre blood
In simple words: On average, an adult human body contains about 4 liters of blood circulating.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the average volume of blood in the human body; it's a common fact. Keep in mind that the amount can vary slightly based on body size.

Question 4. A healthy person breathes per minute -
(a) 16 to 18 times
(b) 70 to 72 times
(c) 20 to 25 times
(d) 6 to 8 times
Answer: (a) 16 to 18 times
In simple words: A healthy person usually takes about 16 to 18 breaths every minute.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the normal resting respiratory rate for a healthy adult, which is typically in the range of 12-20 breaths per minute.

Question 5. Which of the following is not the organ of the Respiratory System?
(a) Nose
(b) Trachea
(c) Capillaries
(d) Diaphragm
Answer: (c) Capillaries
In simple words: Capillaries are tiny blood vessels and are part of the circulatory system, not the breathing system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between the organs of the respiratory system (involved in breathing) and those of the circulatory system (involved in blood flow).

Question 6. Cardiac output is the part of the -
(a) Circulatory system
(b) Respiratory system
(c) Nervous system
(d) Digestive system
Answer: (a) Circulatory system
In simple words: Cardiac output refers to how much blood the heart pumps, which is a key part of the circulatory (blood flow) system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate "cardiac" directly with the heart and blood, linking it to the circulatory system's function.

Question 1. Which system gives shape to the body?
Answer: The skeletal system, also known as the bony system, is responsible for giving shape and structure to the human body. It acts as a framework that supports our organs and muscles. This system also provides protection for internal organs.
In simple words: The skeletal system, or our bones, gives our body its shape.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the skeletal system is the primary structure that defines body shape and provides support, rather than muscles alone.

Essay Type Questions

Question 1. Write about the effect of exercise on muscular system.
Answer: Regular exercise has many positive effects on the muscular system:
1. Muscle tissues become thicker and stronger.
2. The body produces more proteins needed for muscle growth.
3. The process of burning carbohydrates and fats for energy speeds up.
4. Muscles gain more strength and flexibility, which helps prevent injuries.
5. The amount of fat in the body decreases.
6. The density of enzymes and glycogen storage within muscles increases.
7. More energy is produced due to better efficiency of the A.T.P. and P.C. energy systems.
8. Glycolytic retention improves, meaning muscles can store more energy for bursts of activity.
9. The body's fat-free weight increases.
10. Muscular strength and the ability to bear weight increase as muscle tissues become thicker.
11. Oxygen storage improves with an increase in myoglobin in the muscles.
12. The amount of blood flowing to muscle tissues increases.
13. Other benefits include a more flexible back, stronger heart muscles, and better muscle control.
14. The number of mitochondria (cells that create muscle energy) grows, leading to more muscular energy.
In simple words: Exercise makes muscles bigger and stronger, helps them use energy better, and protects them from harm.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing effects, categorize them into strength, energy production, and overall health to ensure comprehensive coverage.

Question 3. Write the functions of blood.
Answer: Blood performs several crucial functions within the circulatory system to keep our body healthy. Its primary role is to transport nutrients and oxygen to every single cell in the body. At the same time, it carries waste products, which are created from chemical processes, to organs that then remove them from the body. This continuous movement of blood to all parts of the body is known as blood circulation, vital for maintaining life.
In simple words: Blood carries food and oxygen to all body parts and takes away waste, helping us stay alive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the two main transport functions of blood: delivery of essentials (oxygen, nutrients) and removal of waste products.

Question 4. Write the names of the organs of the Digestive system.
Answer: The main part of the digestive system is the alimentary canal, a muscular tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. Other organs like the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas also play important roles in helping to digest food. The main parts of the alimentary canal that assist in food digestion are:
1. Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Oesophagus
4. Stomach
5. Duodenum
6. Small Intestines
7. Large Intestines
8. Anus
In simple words: The digestive system includes the mouth, throat, food pipe, stomach, small and large intestines, and the anus, along with organs like the liver and pancreas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing organs, it's good to start from where food enters and follow its path through the system. Also, remember to include accessory organs like the liver and pancreas.

Question 6. How do exercises effect our circulatory system?
Answer: Exercise has many positive effects on our circulatory system:
1. When you exercise, blood vessels in your muscles widen, increasing blood flow and delivering more oxygenated blood to the working muscles.
2. Exercise helps the body use oxygen better and can lower the top number of blood pressure (systolic blood pressure).
3. The heart's shape changes with exercise, leading to an increase in its weight and volume, which improves its ability to contract and pump blood.
4. The resting heart rate per minute usually decreases, showing increased heart efficiency.
5. Blood volume increases, mainly due to more plasma and red blood cells. An athlete's blood volume can exceed 7 liters.
6. The heart's overall pumping power, or cardiac output, improves.
7. There is a general increase in blood flow throughout the body.
8. With more blood volume, blood flow in muscles improves, and new blood vessels grow, enhancing blood distribution.
9. The hormone Adrenaline is released during exercise, which makes blood vessels expand further, allowing more blood to pass through.
10. Exercise increases stroke volume, meaning more blood is pushed out by the heart's pumping chambers with each beat.
In simple words: Exercise makes your heart stronger, helps blood flow better to your muscles, and improves how your body uses oxygen.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how exercise improves heart efficiency, blood vessel function, and overall blood volume and flow for a complete answer.