CBSE Class 11 Psychology What is Psychology Worksheet Set 02

 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY

Behavior refers to the responses or reactions we make or activities we engage in our day to day life. The behavior is of two type’s overt (external) and covert (internal), The behavior which is visible and can be observed by others is known as external or overt behavior and the covert behavior is actually internal aspects.

1. What is Psychology and define the term?

Psychology the word is derived from two Greek words Psyche and Logos, Psyche means soul and Logos means a meaningful study or the subject of study. Thus psychology means a systematic study of human behavior. In early 1910’s John Watson of America defined the term psychology as systematic study of human behavior and later the term mental processes got added.

2. Explain psychology from the point of social science?

Psychology is a systematic study of human behavior and various mental processes, Psychology as a social science it studies the human behavior from the point of view of the society and the culture and the various changes which are resulting in society and the culture and its impact on behavior will be studied in a good way.

3. Differentiate the concept of psychology from the two popular notions?

Psychology is a systematic study of human behavior and mental processes and the popular notions of the psychology are “out of sight is out of mind”, “distance makes the heart grow fonder”. The above two views are commonly used by the people in day to day life and the psychology is different with such views because it studies the human behavioral phenomenon in terms of various causes and consequences.

4. Explain Psychology as a natural science?

Psychology is a systematic study of human behavior and mental processes, Psychology has its roots in philosophy like other sciences and arts. The modern psychology developed due to the application of scientific method and experimental methods to study the psychological phenomenon or the behavior.

Psychology was influenced by Descartes and later development of the physics influenced the development of psychology. The hypothetico deductive reasoning model supported the psychological research in the modern era one side and another side the experimental method of investigation is carried from the physical science perspective to the field of psychology for studying the behavior. The above two concepts led to the development of various theories of learning, memory, attention and perception…etc in the field of psychology.

Apart from physical science psychology is highly influenced and affected by biological sciences and the biological sciences focused on studying the relations between the biological organs and various glands and their secretions and its impact on human behaivour. The above reasons are enabling a large number of people to argue that psychology as a natural science.

5. Explain the historical development of psychology in India?

The modern era of Indian psychology began with the establishment of first psychology laboratory in 1915 at Calcutta University and the first department of psychology in the year 1916. The department of applied psychology in the year 1938 is the beginning of modern experimental psychology in India.

In the year 1922 Indian Psychoanalytic association was formed and the early development of psychology in India was influenced by Dr. N.N. Sengupta received training in USA in Experimental tradition of Wund’t. Professor G. Bose was trained in psychoanalytical method affected the early development of psychology in India.

6. What is constructivism?

Human beings are actively constructing their minds through the exploration of modern physical and social world and this view is known as constructivism.

7. Critically explain about introspection as a method of investigation?

Introspection as a method of investigation became popular due to the work done by Wilhelm wund’t, Introspection is a combination of two Latin words Intro, Spiere which means self-evaluation or self-observation of one’s own experiences. In

This approach of psychology actually is a thought process associated with the concepts of Wilhelm Wund’t, while establishment of the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig university of Germany Wund’t said that the “studying the structures of the mind” is important in psychology.

Wund’t supported introspection as a method of investigation. Introspection is a word which derived from two Latin words “intro and Spiere”. Which means selfevaluation of one’s own experiences. As a method of investigation in the field of psychology introspection is having its limitations.

Functionalism

Functionalism as a thought process was initiated by William James of America, James established the first psychology laboratory to carry the experiments in Massachusetts in Harvard University. He criticized structuralism and tried to define psychology should focus the functions of the mind rather than its structures. In his view psychology need to focus on functions rather than the structures of the mind. James suggested introspection as well as observation as valid tools or methods of investigation.

Gestalt psychology

Gestalt psychology emerged as a reaction to structuralism in Germany, The chief proponent of Gestalt psychology is Max Wertheimer a professor of psychology in Berlin University. They focused on organization of perceptual experiences rather than focusing on what mind consist. According to them perceiving the things as a whole is better than perceiving various components as independent elements.

Behaviorism

Behaviorism as a movement of psychology came in to focus during the early 1910’s due to the work of John Watson, He rejected the ideas of mind and consciousness and clearly defined the “Psychology as a systematic study of human behavior as well as mental processes”. Watson criticized the concept of studying the mind and rejected introspection as a method of investigation because its subjective nature. Experimental and observation methods are considered as valid for studying the human behavior.

The ideas of Watson are still dominant and influenced very famous psychologist like BF skinner.

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud is very popularly known as father of psychoanalysis for his research work, he shook the entire world with the radical view of understanding human behavior as a dynamic manifestation of unconscious desires and conflicts. Psychoanalysis is a system of understanding human personality and method of treatment of psychological disorders.

Humanistic perspective

Humanists such as Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers viewed human beings as kind, cooperative, friendly and kind by nature. They emphasized the free will of human beings and their natural striving to grow and unfold their inner potential. They criticized the concepts of behaviorism S-R and saying that the behavior is not only because of environmental factors and it is due to inner self of the human beings.

Cognitive perspective

Cognition is the process of knowing it involves thinking, understanding, memorizing and perceiving. According to this approach human mind is like a computer which is collecting the data and converting the data in to various forms to provide solutions to the problems.

10.What is Psychoneuroimmunology?

Psychoneuroimmunology is a branch of study, it studies the links between mind, brain and immune system and also it studies the effect of stress on immune system.

11.What is the difference between basic and applied psychology?

Basic vs applied psychology are actually the two different broader terms used to classify the subject knowledge of psychology.

Basic psychology is actually the knowledge and the information which is developed through continuous and constant research work. The principles or the theories which are emerged in the field of psychology are known as the basic psychology. Applied Psychology is the term associated with the usage or application of the basic psychology to the different other subjects or the other fields for the purpose of providing solutions to various problems in life.
Education psychology, sports psychology, cultural and cross cultural psychology, environmental psychology……etc.

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