NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation MCQs Set 11

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: A pleiotropic gene :
(a) Controls multiple traits in an individual
(b) Is expressed only in primitive plants
(c) Is gene evolved during Pliocene
(d) Controls a trait only in combination with another gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Controls multiple traits in an individual

Explanation:
1. A pleiotropic gene controls multiple traits in an individual.

Teacher's Note:
1. Example: sickle cell gene, PKU.

Question 2: In his classic experiments on pea plants, Mendel did not use
(a) Flower position
(b) Seed colour
(c) Pod length
(d) Seed shape
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Pod length

Explanation:
1. Mendel used flower position, seed colour and shape, pod shape and colour, stem height; pod length was not used.

Teacher's Note:
1. Seven characters in all.

Question 3: A gene showing codominance has
(a) Both alleles independently expressed in the heterozygote.
(b) One allele dominant on the other
(c) Alleles tightly linked on the same chromosome
(d) Alleles that are recessive to each other
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both alleles independently expressed in the heterozygote.

Explanation:
1. In codominance both alleles are independently and fully expressed in the heterozygote.

Teacher's Note:
1. Example: AB blood group.

Question 4: Alleles are
(a) Heterozygotes
(b) Different phenotype
(c) True breeding homozygotes
(d) Different molecular forms of a gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Different molecular forms of a gene

Explanation:
1. Alleles are different molecular forms of the same gene.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alleles occupy the same locus.

Question 5: Multiple alleles are present
(a) On non-sister chromatids
(b) On different chromosomes
(c) At different loci on the same chromosome
(d) At the same locus of the chromosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) At the same locus of the chromosome

Explanation:
1. Multiple alleles are three or more alleles of a gene present at the same locus of a chromosome.

Teacher's Note:
1. Only two alleles per individual.

Question 6: How many pairs of contrasting characters in pea plants were studied by Mendel in his experiments?
(a) Seven
(b) Five
(c) Six
(d) Eight
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Seven

Explanation:
1. Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting characters in pea.

Teacher's Note:
1. Seven characters in all.

Question 7: Fruit colour in squash is an example of
(a) Recessive epistasis
(b) Dominant epistasis
(c) Complementary genes
(d) Inhibitory genes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Dominant epistasis

Explanation:
1. Fruit colour in squash shows dominant epistasis, where a dominant allele of one gene masks the expression of another gene.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ratio 12 : 3 : 1.

Question 8: A man whose father was colour blind marries a woman who had a colour blind mother and normal father. What percentage of male children of this couple will be colour blind ?
(a) 25%
(b) 0%
(c) 50%
(d) 75%
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 50%

Explanation:
1. The man is normal (XY, since his father's X is not passed to him) and the woman is a carrier. Sons are XcY or XY, so 50% are colour blind.

Teacher's Note:
1. A carrier mother gives the allele to half of the sons.

Question 9: A human female with Turner's syndrome:
(a) Has 45 chromosomes with XO
(b) Has one additional X chromosome
(c) Exhibits male characters
(d) Is able to produce children with normal husband
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Has 45 chromosomes with XO

Explanation:
1. Turner syndrome is 44 + XO: 45 chromosomes, a sterile female.

Teacher's Note:
1. Absence of one X chromosome.

Question 10: In a population of 1000 individuals 360 belong to genotype AA, 480 to Aa and the remaining 160 to aa. Based on this data, the frequency of allele A in the population is
(a) 0.4
(b) 0.5
(c) 0.6
(d) 0.7
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 0.6

Explanation:
1. Frequency of A = (2 x 360 + 480)/2000 = 0.6.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count alleles, not individuals.

Question 11: If both parents are carriers for thalessemia, which is an autosomal recessive disorder, what are the chances of pregnancy resulting in an affected child?
(a) 50%
(b) 25%
(c) 100%
(d) No chance
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 25%

Explanation:
1. Two carriers (Aa x Aa) have a 1/4 (25%) chance of an affected (aa) child.

Teacher's Note:
1. Autosomal recessive cross.

Question 12: The incorrect statement with regard to Haemophilia is
(a) It is a recessive disease
(b) It is a dominant disease
(c) A single protein involved in the clotting of blood is affected
(d) It is a sex-linked disease
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) It is a dominant disease

Explanation:
1. Haemophilia is a recessive, X-linked disease affecting one protein of the clotting cascade; it is not dominant.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sex-linked recessive.

Question 13: If two persons with 'AB' blood group marry and have sufficiently large number of children, these children could be classified as 'A' blood group : 'AB' blood group : 'B' blood group in 1 : 2 : 1 ratio. Modern technique of protein electrophoresis reveals presence of both 'A' and 'B' type proteins in 'AB' blood group individuals. This is an example of
(a) Incomplete dominance
(b) Partial dominance
(c) Complete dominance
(d) Codominance
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Codominance

Explanation:
1. Both IA and IB products are seen in the AB individual, an example of codominance.

Teacher's Note:
1. 1 : 2 : 1 in the progeny of AB x AB.

Question 14: Which Mendelian idea is depicted by a cross in which the F1 generation resembles both the parents?
(a) Law of dominance
(b) Inheritance of one gene
(c) Co-dominance
(d) Incomplete dominance
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Co-dominance

Explanation:
1. If F1 resembles both parents (both alleles expressed), it is codominance.

Teacher's Note:
1. Example: AB group.

Question 15: Which of the following statements is not true of two genes that show 50% recombination fequency ?
(a) The genes are tightly linked
(b) The genes show independent assortment
(c) If the genes are present on the same chromosome, they undergo more than one crossovers in every meiosis
(d) The genes may be on different chromosomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) The genes are tightly linked

Explanation:
1. 50% recombination means independent assortment or genes far apart/on different chromosomes, not tight linkage, so (a) is not true.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tight linkage means few recombinants.

Question 16: F2 generation in a Mendelian cross showed that both genotypic and phenotypic ratios are same as 1 : 2 : 1. It represents a case of
(a) Monohybrid cross with complete dominance
(b) Monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance
(c) Co-dominance
(d) Dihybrid cross
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance

Explanation:
1. A 1:2:1 ratio for both phenotype and genotype in F2 means incomplete dominance (monohybrid).

Teacher's Note:
1. With complete dominance phenotype ratio is 3 : 1.

Question 17: A normal-visioned man whose father was colour-blind, marries a woman whose father was also colour blind. They have their first child as a daughter. What are the chances that this child would be colour-blind?
(a) 25%
(b) 50%
(c) 100%
(d) Zero percent
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Zero percent

Explanation:
1. The man (XY) gives his Y to sons and his normal X to daughters, so a daughter cannot be colour blind: 0%.

Teacher's Note:
1. Daughters get father's X.

Question 18: A test cross is carried out to
(a) Determine the genotype of a plant at F2
(b) Predict whether two traits are linked
(c) Asses the number of alleles of a gene
(d) Determine whether two species or varieties will breed successfully
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Determine the genotype of a plant at F2

Explanation:
1. A test cross with the recessive parent reveals the genotype of an individual showing the dominant trait.

Teacher's Note:
1. Offspring ratio shows homo- or heterozygosity.

Question 19: Which one of the following is a wrong statement regarding mutations?
(a) Deletion and insertion of base pairs cause frame-shift mutations
(b) Cancer cells commonly show chromosomal aberrations
(c) UV and Gamma rays are mutagens
(d) Change in a single base pair of DNA does not cause mutation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Change in a single base pair of DNA does not cause mutation

Explanation:
1. A change in a single base pair (point mutation) can cause mutation, so statement (d) is wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sickle cell is the classic example.

Question 20: Which one of the following conditions correctly describes the manner of determining the sex in the given example?
(a) Homozygous sex chromosomes (XX) produce male in Drosophila.
(b) Homozygous sex chromosomes (ZZ) determine female sex in Birds.
(c) XO type of sex chromosomes determine male sex in grasshopper
(d) XO condition in humans as found in Turner Syndrome, determine female sex
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) XO type of sex chromosomes determine male sex in grasshopper

Explanation:
1. In grasshopper XO males (and XX females) is the sex determination system. Drosophila XX is female, birds ZZ are male, and XO humans are Turner females.

Teacher's Note:
1. Check each organism.

Question 21: When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the performance of F1 hybrid is often superior of both its parents. This phenomenon is called
(a) Metamorphosis
(b) Heterosis
(c) Transformation
(d) Splicing
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Heterosis

Explanation:
1. Superiority of the F1 hybrid over both parents is heterosis (hybrid vigour).

Teacher's Note:
1. Used in hybrid maize.

Question 22: Test cross in plants or in Drosophila involves crossing
(a) The F1 hybrid with a double recessive genotype
(b) Between two genotypes with dominant trait
(c) Between two genotypes with recessive trait
(d) Between two F1 hybrids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) The F1 hybrid with a double recessive genotype

Explanation:
1. A testcross crosses an F1 hybrid with a homozygous recessive genotype.

Teacher's Note:
1. Used to find genotype.

Question 23: ABO blood groups in humans are controlled by the gene I. It has three alleles – IA, IB and i. Since there are three different alleles, six different genotypes are possible. How many phenotypes can occur?
(a) Three
(b) One
(c) Four
(d) Two
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Four

Explanation:
1. Six genotypes give four phenotypes: A, B, AB and O.

Teacher's Note:
1. IAIA and IAi are both group A.

Question 24: Which one of the following cannot be explained on the basis of Mendel’s Law of Dominance?
(a) Factors occur in pairs
(b) The discrete unit controlling a particular character is called a factor
(c) Out of one pair of factors one is dominant, and the other recessive
(d) Alleles do not show any blending and both the characters recover as such in F2 generation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Alleles do not show any blending and both the characters recover as such in F2 generation

Explanation:
1. Alleles not blending and both characters recovering in F2 is law of segregation, not dominance.

Teacher's Note:
1. Dominance explains F1 uniformity.

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