NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation MCQs Set 10

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: A normal woman, whose father had colour blindness, married a normal man. What is the chance of occurrence of colour blindness in the progeny?
(a) 25%
(b) 50%
(c) 100%
(d) 75%
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 25%

Explanation:
1. The woman is a carrier (XCX), the man is normal (XY). Progeny: XCX, XX, XCY, XY, so 1 in 4 (25%) of children is colour blind.

Teacher's Note:
1. Half of the sons only.

Question 2: Mr Stevan suffers from haemophilia and cystic fibrosis. His father is heterozygous for cystic fibrosis. What is the probability that his sperm carries both the recessive X-linked and the recessive autosomal allele?
(a) 1/4
(b) 1/16
(c) 1/2
(d) 1/8
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 1/2

Explanation:
1. Stevan has haemophilia (XhY) and cystic fibrosis (cc), so every sperm carries the recessive c. Half of his sperms carry Xh, so the probability is 1/2.

Teacher's Note:
1. The father's genotype is not needed.

Question 3: Select incorrect one (w.r.t. reciprocal cross)
(a) To know whether the alleles are present on sex chromosomes or autosomes
(b) It is made to eliminate the effect of nuclear traits
(c) Two individuals with contrast genotypes are involved
(d) Results are not changed for autosomal traits
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) It is made to eliminate the effect of nuclear traits

Explanation:
1. Reciprocal crosses reveal whether alleles are on autosomes or sex chromosomes or are cytoplasmic; autosomal results do not change. They are not meant to eliminate the effect of nuclear traits, so (b) is incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reciprocal cross: swap the parents' sexes.

Question 4: In Lathyrus odoratus, hybrid blue flowered and long pollen plant is test crossed with homozygous recessive red flowered and round pollen plant then how many parental types are obtained when genes are present in cis stage in parents?
(a) 50%
(b) 43.7%
(c) 87.4%
(d) 12.6%
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 87.4%

Explanation:
1. In cis linkage a testcross gives parental types 7 : 1 : 1 : 7, i.e. 43.7% + 43.7% = 87.4% parental types.

Teacher's Note:
1. Linked genes give mostly parental types.

Question 5: In pedigree analysis, a symbol with a dot in its centre represents
(a) a carrier of a sex-linked trait
(b) an individual affected by the trait
(c) an unaffected individual
(d) parents of the same family
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a carrier of a sex-linked trait

Explanation:
1. In a pedigree a symbol with a dot at its centre represents a carrier of a sex-linked trait.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the pedigree symbols.

Question 6: Select incorrect statement
(A) Linked genes cause absolute lethality
(B) Persons affected by PKU do not show mental disorder
(C) F2 ratio in codominance and incomplete dominance are same
(D) Sex of male Drosophila is dependent on Y-chromosome
(a) (A) & (B)
(b) (B) & (C)
(c) (A), (B) & (D)
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) (A), (B) & (D)

Explanation:
1. A is wrong (linked genes cause incomplete linkage, not lethality), B is wrong (PKU causes mental retardation) and D is wrong (sex in Drosophila depends on the X : autosome ratio). C is true.

Teacher's Note:
1. Drosophila Y is not sex-determining.

Question 7: In phenylketonuria
(a) Break down of phenylalanine is rapid
(b) Accumulation of phenylalanine in body
(c) Chromosomal constitution of patient changes
(d) TSD gene situated on chromosome 15 undergoes mutation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Accumulation of phenylalanine in body

Explanation:
1. Phenylalanine hydroxylase is absent in phenylketonuria, so phenylalanine accumulates in the body.

Teacher's Note:
1. PKU is an autosomal recessive inborn error.

Question 8: Which of the following characteristics represent ‘Inheritance of blood groups’ in humans?
a. Dominance b. Co-dominance
c. Multiple allele d. Incomplete dominance
e. Polygenic inheritance
(a) b, c and e
(b) a, b and c
(c) a, c and e
(d) b, d and e
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a, b and c

Explanation:
1. ABO inheritance shows dominance (IA, IB over i), codominance (IAIB) and multiple alleles.

Teacher's Note:
1. Three alleles, six genotypes.

Question 9: Which of the following pairs is wrongly matched?
(a) Starch synthesis in pea : Multiple alleles
(b) ABO blood grouping : Co-dominance
(c) T.H. Morgan : Linkage
(d) XO type sex determination : Grasshopper
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Starch synthesis in pea : Multiple alleles

Explanation:
1. Starch synthesis in pea (round and wrinkled seeds) is an example of pleiotropy, not multiple alleles, so (a) is wrongly matched.

Teacher's Note:
1. The SBE1 gene has many effects.

Question 10: Select the correct statement
(a) Franklin Stahl coined the term ‘‘linkage’’
(b) Punnett square was developed by a British scientist
(c) Transduction was discovered by S. Altman
(d) Spliceosomes take part in translation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Punnett square was developed by a British scientist

Explanation:
1. Punnett was a British geneticist. Linkage was named by Morgan, transduction was found by Zinder and Lederberg and spliceosomes act in splicing.

Teacher's Note:
1. Punnett square predicts crosses.

Question 11: A disease caused by an autosomal primary non-disjunction is
(a) Down's syndrome
(b) Klinefelter's syndrome
(c) Turner's syndrome
(d) Sickle cell anemia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Down's syndrome

Explanation:
1. Down's syndrome results from non-disjunction of autosome 21; Klinefelter and Turner involve sex chromosomes and sickle cell is a gene mutation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Down = trisomy 21.

Question 12: Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are caused due to a problem in globin molecule synthesis. Select the correct statement.
(a) Both are due to a qualitative defect in globin chain synthesis
(b) Both are due to a quantitative defect in globin chain synthesis
(c) Thalassemia is due to less synthesis of globin molecules
(d) Sickle cell anemia is due to a quantitative problem of globin molecules
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Thalassemia is due to less synthesis of globin molecules

Explanation:
1. Thalassemia is a quantitative defect (reduced synthesis of globin chains), whereas sickle cell anaemia is a qualitative defect (structurally changed globin).

Teacher's Note:
1. Quantity vs quality.

Question 13: Which one from those given below is the period for Mendel's hybridization experiments?
(a) 1856 - 1863
(b) 1840 - 1850
(c) 1857 - 1869
(d) 1870 - 1877
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 1856 - 1863

Explanation:
1. Mendel carried out his hybridisation experiments on the garden pea for seven years, from 1856 to 1863.

Teacher's Note:
1. He presented them in 1865.

Question 14: The genotypes of a Husband and Wife are IAIB and IAi. Among the blood types of their children, how many different genotypes and phenotypes are possible?
(a) 3 genotypes ; 3 phenotypes
(b) 3 genotypes ; 4 phenotypes
(c) 4 genotypes ; 3 phenotypes
(d) 4 genotypes ; 4 phenotypes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 4 genotypes ; 3 phenotypes

Explanation:
1. IAIB x IAi gives IAIA, IAi, IAIB and IBi: 4 genotypes and 3 phenotypes (A, AB, B).

Teacher's Note:
1. B group comes from IBi.

Question 15: Among the following characters, which one was not considered by Mendel in his experiments on pea?
(a) Stem – Tall or Dwarf
(b) Trichomes – Glandular or non-glandular
(c) Seed – Green or Yellow
(d) Pod – Inflated or Constricted
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Trichomes – Glandular or non-glandular

Explanation:
1. Mendel studied seven characters; trichome type was not one of them.

Teacher's Note:
1. Stem height, seed colour and pod shape were.

Question 16: The mechanism that causes a gene to move from one linkage group to another is called
(a) Inversion
(b) Duplication
(c) Translocation
(d) Crossing-over
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Translocation

Explanation:
1. Transfer of a gene segment to a non-homologous chromosome is translocation; it moves a gene to another linkage group.

Teacher's Note:
1. Crossing over is between homologues.

Question 17: A true breeding plant is
(a) One that is able to breed on its own
(b) Produced due to cross-pollination among unrelated plants
(c) Near homozygous and produces offspring of its own kind
(d) Always homozygous recessive in its genetic constitution
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Near homozygous and produces offspring of its own kind

Explanation:
1. A true-breeding plant is near homozygous and produces offspring of its own kind after repeated selfing.

Teacher's Note:
1. True breeding means stable trait inheritance.

Question 18: If a colour-blind man marries a woman who is homozygous for normal colour vision, the probability of their son being colour-blind is
(a) 0
(b) 0.5
(c) 0.75
(d) 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 0

Explanation:
1. A colour-blind father (XcY) gives his Y to sons; a homozygous normal mother gives normal X, so the probability of colour-blind sons is zero.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sons get X from the mother.

Question 19: In a testcross involving F1 dihybrid flies, more parental-type offspring were produced than the recombinant-type offspring. This indicates
(a) Both of the characters are controlled by more than one gene
(b) The two genes are located on two different chromosomes
(c) Chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis
(d) The two genes are linked and present on the same chromosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) The two genes are linked and present on the same chromosome

Explanation:
1. More parental than recombinant types in a testcross show that the two genes are linked on the same chromosome.

Teacher's Note:
1. Independent assortment gives 1:1:1:1.

Question 20: Which of the following most appropriately describes haemophilia?
(a) Dominant gene disorder
(b) Recessive gene disorder
(c) X-linked recessive gene disorder
(d) Chromosomal disorder
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) X-linked recessive gene disorder

Explanation:
1. Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive gene disorder with defective blood clotting.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sex-linked recessive.

Question 21: A tall true breeding garden pea plant is crossed with a dwarf true breeding garden pea plant. When the F1 plants were selfed the resulting genotypes were in the ratio of
(a) 3 : 1 : : Dwarf : Tall
(b) 1 : 2 : 1 : : Tall homozygous : Tall heterozygous : Dwarf
(c) 1 : 2 : 1 : : Tall heterozygous : Tall homozygous : Dwarf
(d) 3 : 1 : : Tall : Dwarf
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1 : 2 : 1 : : Tall homozygous : Tall heterozygous : Dwarf

Explanation:
1. F1 is Tt; selfing gives TT : Tt : tt = 1 : 2 : 1, i.e. tall homozygous : tall heterozygous : dwarf.

Teacher's Note:
1. Genotype ratio is 1:2:1, phenotype 3:1.

Question 22: Match the terms in Column I with their description in Column II and choose the correct option Column I Column II
(a) Dominance (i) Many genes govern a single character
(b) Codominance (ii) In a heterozygous organism only one allele expresses itself
(c) Pleiotropy (iii) In a heterozygous organism both alleles express themselves fully
(d) Polygenic inheritance (iv) A single gene influences many characters
(a) a(iv), b(iii), c(i), d(ii)
(b) a(ii), b(i), c(iv), d(iii)
(c) a(ii), b(iii), c(iv), d(i)
(d) a(iv), b(i), c(ii), d(iii)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a(ii), b(iii), c(iv), d(i)

Explanation:
1. Dominance: only one allele expresses; codominance: both express; pleiotropy: one gene influences many traits; polygenic: many genes govern one trait.

Teacher's Note:
1. Match term and definition carefully.

Question 23: Pick out the correct statements :
(a) Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease.
(b) Down's syndrome is due to aneuploidy.
(c) Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive gene disorder.
(d) Sickle cell anaemia is an X-linked recessive gene disorder.
(a) (a), (b) and (c) are correct
(b) (a) and (d) are correct
(c) (b) and (d) are correct
(d) (a), (c) and (d) are correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) (a), (b) and (c) are correct

Explanation:
1. Haemophilia is X-linked recessive, Down syndrome is due to aneuploidy and PKU is autosomal recessive; sickle cell anaemia is autosomal recessive, not X-linked.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sickle cell is on chromosome 11.

Question 24: The term "Linkage" was coined by
(a) W. Sutton
(b) T.H. Morgan
(c) T. Boveri
(d) G. Mendel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) T.H. Morgan

Explanation:
1. The term linkage was coined by T.H. Morgan.

Teacher's Note:
1. Morgan worked on Drosophila.

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