NEET Biology Plant Kingdom MCQs Set 19

Answer: (c) Phylogenetic

Explanation:
1. Phylogenetic classification is based on evolutionary relationships and is also called cladistic.

Teacher's Note:
1. It uses shared derived characters to build a cladogram.
2. Artificial systems used only a few characters.

Answer: (a) Spermatophyta

Explanation:
1. Eichler divided plants into Cryptogamia and Phanerogamia, and Phanerogamia means the seed plants, or Spermatophyta.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cryptogamia has no seeds.
2. Bentham and Hooker divided seed plants into Dicotyledonae, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledonae.

Answer: (b) Two

Explanation:
1. Only gymnosperms (Cycas and Pinus) are diplontic.
2. Spirogyra and Rhizopus are haplontic, and Sphagnum, Pteris and Dryopteris are haplo-diplontic.

Teacher's Note:
1. So two genera are diplontic.
2. In a diplontic cycle the sporophyte is the dominant free-living phase.

Answer: (b) Both are embryophytes

Explanation:
1. Both are gymnosperms, which are seed bearing embryophytes.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are phanerogams and need no water because pollen tubes carry the male gametes.
2. Pyrenoids occur in algae and hornworts.

Answer: (b) Bud

Explanation:
1. In mosses the spore forms the protonema, which produces buds, and each bud grows into the leafy gametophyte.

Teacher's Note:
1. The prothallus belongs to ferns.
2. The protonema is the creeping, green, branched stage.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Both groups have flagellated antherozoids, form a multicellular embryo from the zygote and have archegonia.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both need water for fertilisation.
2. Both are embryophytes.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Bryophytes are of two main kinds, liverworts and mosses, and hornworts are also included.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are amphibians of the plant kingdom.
2. They lack vascular tissue.

Answer: (d) Pteridophytes

Explanation:
1. In pteridophytes the sporophyte and the prothallus are both free living.

Teacher's Note:
1. In bryophytes the sporophyte depends on the gametophyte, and in seed plants the gametophyte depends on the sporophyte.
2. Ferns therefore have two independent phases.

Answer: (b) A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

Explanation:
1. Green algae store starch, blue green algae store cyanophycean starch granules, diatoms store leucosin and brown algae store laminarin and mannitol.

Teacher's Note:
1. So the match is A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II.
2. Leucosin is also called chrysolaminarin.

Answer: (a) Green algae are ancestors of land plants

Explanation:
1. Green algae and land plants share chlorophyll a and b, starch as reserve food and a cellulose wall, so green algae are believed to be the ancestors.

Teacher's Note:
1. Blue green algae carry out oxygenic photosynthesis.
2. Red and brown algae differ in pigments.

Answer: (b) Pteridophyte

Explanation:
1. Pteridophytes have xylem and phloem and reproduce by spores but form no seeds.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bryophytes lack vascular tissue, and gymnosperms and angiosperms have seeds.
2. They are the first vascular plants.

Answer: (c) Cycas - Coralloid roots

Explanation:
1. Cycas has coralloid roots that contain the cyanobacterium Anabaena.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pinus has mycorrhizal roots.
2. Gymnosperm endosperm is haploid, not triploid.

Answer: (c) a-iii; b-iv; c-ii; d-i

Explanation:
1. Fucus is a brown alga, Pinus is a gymnosperm, Azolla is a water fern and Polytrichum is a moss.

Teacher's Note:
1. So the match is a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i.
2. Azolla fixes nitrogen with Anabaena.

Answer: (b) Chlorella and Spirulina

Explanation:
1. Chlorella and Spirulina are rich in protein and are used as single cell protein, even by space travellers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Gracilaria and Gelidium give agar.
2. Funaria and Sphagnum are mosses.

Answer: (c) Four

Explanation:
1. Non-vascular embryophytes are bryophytes: Polytrichum, Sphagnum, Marchantia and Funaria.

Teacher's Note:
1. Spirogyra, Volvox, Fucus and Polysiphonia are algae, and Selaginella and Equisetum are vascular.
2. So the number is four.

Answer: (b) Three

Explanation:
1. Both groups have archegonium, embryo and antheridium.
2. Protonema occurs in mosses only, ovule only in seed plants, and vascular tissue only in pteridophytes.

Teacher's Note:
1. So three characters are common.
2. Hence the answer is three.

Answer: (d) Formation of seed

Explanation:
1. Both are seed plants, since the ovule becomes a seed after fertilisation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fruit and triploid endosperm are found in angiosperms only.
2. Most angiosperms lack archegonia.

Answer: (c) Rhodophyceae

Explanation:
1. Red algae have chlorophyll a and d with r-phycoerythrin and form non-motile gametes.

Teacher's Note:
1. They live mainly in warmer seas and show complex post-fertilisation development.
2. Brown algae have fucoxanthin.

Answer: (d) Both male and female gametophytes are free living

Explanation:
1. Gymnosperms are heterosporous and both gametophytes are dependent on the sporophyte.
2. The male gametophyte is a pollen grain, and the female gametophyte stays inside the ovule.

Teacher's Note:
1. So the statement that both are free living is incorrect.
2. This is a step towards the seed habit.

Answer: (d) Most pteridophytes produce two kinds of spores

Explanation:
1. Most pteridophytes are homosporous, and only some, such as Selaginella and Salvinia, are heterosporous.

Teacher's Note:
1. The other statements are true.
2. The gametophyte of bryophytes is the dominant phase.