Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Plant Breeding
Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Plant Breeding designed to align with the latest NEET academic syllabus for NEET Biology. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.
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Multiple Choice Questions
(a) (i) cell growth; (ii) mutation; (iii) selection; (iv) India
(b) (i) totipotency; (ii) sexual hybridisation; (iii) selection; (iv) India
(c) (i) totipotency; (ii) sexual hybridisation; (iii) selection; (iv) Philippines
(d) (i) totipotency; (ii) somatic hybridisation; (iii) selection; (iv) India
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) (i) totipotency; (ii) sexual hybridisation; (iii) selection; (iv) Philippines
Explanation:
1. The ability to regenerate a whole plant is totipotency
2. Resistance genes are transferred by crossing followed by selection
3. IR8 was developed at IRRI in the Philippines
Teacher's Note:
1. IRRI is at Manila.
(a) spinach
(b) lablab
(c) mustard
(d) carrot
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) mustard
Explanation:
1. Vitamin C-enriched crops include bitter gourd, bathua, mustard and tomato
Teacher's Note:
1. Carrot and pumpkin are enriched in vitamin A.
(a) increased crop yield and improved quality
(b) increased tolerance to environmental stresses
(c) increased resistance to pathogens
(d) increased tolerance to insect pests
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) increased crop yield and improved quality
Explanation:
1. Higher yield and quality is the first listed objective of breeding
Teacher's Note:
1. Other objectives follow after yield.
(a) 82
(b) 62
(c) 17
(d) 92
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 62
Explanation:
1. Agriculture employs about 62% of India's population, as given in the source
Teacher's Note:
1. This is the figure stated in the textbook.
(a) Hyderabad (India)
(b) Manila (Philippines)
(c) New York (USA)
(d) Tokyo (Japan)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Manila (Philippines)
Explanation:
1. IRRI is in Manila, Philippines
2. IR8 and IR36 came from there
Teacher's Note:
1. IRRI developed the semi-dwarf rice varieties.
(a) M.S. Swaminathan
(b) Vavilov
(c) Borlaug
(d) B.D. Singh
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Borlaug
Explanation:
1. Norman Borlaug developed dwarf wheat varieties in Mexico
2. They were later introduced in India
Teacher's Note:
1. Swaminathan worked on adapting them in India.
(a) transfer of disease resistance
(b) transfer of pest resistance
(c) transfer of drought resistance
(d) all of the above
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) all of the above
Explanation:
1. Wild relatives carry resistance genes to diseases, pests and drought
2. Crossing transfers these to high-yielding crops
Teacher's Note:
1. Parbhani Kranti okra is an example.
(a) chiasma
(b) linkage
(c) crossing over
(d) heterozygosity
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) heterozygosity
Explanation:
1. Heterosis arises from heterozygosity at many loci
2. Harmful recessives are masked
Teacher's Note:
1. Selfing reduces vigour.
(a) the plantlet is placed in reduced light and high humidity for a short time
(b) the plantlet is placed in favourable conditions for a long time
(c) the plantlet is transferred to a new fresh medium
(d) the plantlet is placed in high light intensity
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) the plantlet is placed in reduced light and high humidity for a short time
Explanation:
1. Hardening gradually acclimatises the plantlet before transfer to soil
2. Light is kept low and humidity high at first
Teacher's Note:
1. This reduces transplant shock.
(a) sterilisation
(b) subculturing
(c) introduction
(d) suspension culture
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) subculturing
Explanation:
1. Fresh medium restores nutrients
2. This process is subculturing
Teacher's Note:
1. Suspension cultures are propagated by subculturing.
(a) micropropagation
(b) production of disease-free plants
(c) androgenic haploids
(d) all of the above
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) all of the above
Explanation:
1. Tissue culture gives large-scale clones, virus-free plants and haploids
Teacher's Note:
1. It rests on totipotency.
Assertion (A): Plant breeding for disease resistance is of ecological concern along with increasing yield.
Reason (R): It reduces the dependence on the use of fungicides and bactericides.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Resistant varieties need fewer chemical sprays
2. That is the ecological benefit, so R explains A
Teacher's Note:
1. Less pesticide use protects the environment.
2. Breeding for resistance also raises yield.
Assertion (A): Parbhani Kranti is one of the improved varieties of bhindi from the high yield and disease resistance point of view.
Reason (R): It was obtained by mutation in a high-yielding variety.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. Parbhani Kranti has resistance to yellow mosaic virus transferred from a wild species by hybridisation
2. So A is true and R is false
Teacher's Note:
1. It was made by hybridisation, not mutation.
2. The wild relative contributed the resistance gene.
Assertion (A): Hidden hunger is one of the greatest problems especially in developing countries.
Reason (R): Developing countries cannot afford to buy enough fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish and meat.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Hidden hunger is micronutrient deficiency
2. It arises because adequate nutritious food is unaffordable, so R explains A
Teacher's Note:
1. Hidden hunger means deficiency of vitamins and minerals.
Assertion (A): Biofortification is the most practical means to improve public health.
Reason (R): Biofortification aims at breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins, minerals, protein and healthier fats.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Better nutrition from staple crops reaches many people cheaply
2. R states what biofortification does, explaining A
Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortified crops raise nutrient intake.
Assertion (A): The Atlas 66 wheat variety has been used as a donor for improving cultivated wheat.
Reason (R): It has high mineral and vitamin content.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. Atlas 66 is valued for high protein content
2. So A is true and R is false
Teacher's Note:
1. Atlas 66 is a high-protein variety.
Assertion (A): Somatic hybridisation involves fusion of the protoplasts of two cells of different species.
Reason (R): Cross breeding induces variation.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. A is true
2. R is also true, but it is not an explanation of somatic hybridisation
Teacher's Note:
1. Both are true statements, but unrelated in reasoning.
Assertion (A): Virus-free plants can be obtained by meristem culture.
Reason (R): Virus cannot infect the meristem.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. Meristems are usually virus-free, so A is true
2. But viruses can infect meristems occasionally; the real reason is the absence of vascular connections, so R as worded is false
Teacher's Note:
1. Meristem tips are free of virus in practice.
Assertion (A): Virus-free plants are developed from meristem culture.
Reason (R): Virus-resistant plants of papaya are developed from meristem culture.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. A is true
2. Virus-resistant papaya is produced by genetic engineering, so R is false
Teacher's Note:
1. Meristem culture gives virus-free, not virus-resistant, plants.
Assertion (A): Kalyan Sona and Sonalika are improved varieties of wheat.
Reason (R): These were produced by genetic engineering at IARI.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. They are high-yielding wheat varieties, so A is true
2. They were developed by hybridisation and selection, so R is false
Teacher's Note:
1. Genetic engineering was not involved.
Assertion (A): Somatic hybridisation involves the fusion of two protoplasts.
Reason (R): Golden rice is formed by somatic hybridisation.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. A is true
2. Golden rice is a transgenic crop, so R is false
Teacher's Note:
1. Golden rice carries a gene for beta-carotene synthesis.
Assertion (A): Differentiation is a process of conversion of plant organs into an undifferentiated mass.
Reason (R): Hormones play an important role in this.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) A is false, but R is true.
Explanation:
1. Conversion into an undifferentiated mass is dedifferentiation, so A is false
2. Hormones do control these changes, so R is true
Teacher's Note:
1. Differentiation is the opposite process.
2. Hormones auxin and cytokinin regulate both.
Assertion (A): IR-8 was a semi-dwarf variety developed at IRRI, Philippines.
Reason (R): Jaya and Ratna semi-dwarf varieties were also developed at IRRI, Philippines.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. IR-8 was developed at IRRI, so A is true
2. Jaya and Ratna were developed in India, so R is false
Teacher's Note:
1. Jaya and Ratna are Indian varieties.
(a) a-I, b-II, c-III, d-IV
(b) a-I, b-III, c-II, d-IV
(c) a-II, b-III, c-IV, d-I
(d) a-I, b-IV, c-II, d-III
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) a-I, b-III, c-II, d-IV
Explanation:
1. Swarnim: Brassica
2. Sadabahar: chilli
3. Shubhra: cauliflower
4. Sem 3: flat bean
Teacher's Note:
1. Pair each with its crop.
(a) n, n, n, 3n
(b) 2n, n, 2n, 3n
(c) 2n, 2n, 3n, 3n
(d) n, 2n, 3n, 2n
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 2n, n, 2n, 3n
Explanation:
1. Embryo is diploid (2n)
2. Microspore is haploid (n)
3. Protoplast of a somatic cell is 2n
4. Endosperm is triploid (3n)
Teacher's Note:
1. Ploidy follows the tissue of origin.
(a) a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv
(b) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
(c) a-iii, b-i, c-ii, d-iv
(d) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv
Explanation:
1. Micropropagation gives many plants
2. Meristem culture gives virus-free plants
3. Biofortification improves nutrition
4. Somatic hybridisation uses protoplast fusion
Teacher's Note:
1. Link each technique with its main purpose.
(a) hybridisation and selection
(b) mutation
(c) tissue culture
(d) protoplast fusion
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) hybridisation and selection
Explanation:
1. Pusa Sawani was developed by hybridisation and selection for insect resistance
Teacher's Note:
1. It resists shoot and fruit borer.
(a) tetraploid
(b) triploid
(c) pentaploid
(d) diploid
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) tetraploid
Explanation:
1. Leaf and nucellus cells are both diploid
2. Their fusion gives 2n + 2n = 4n
Teacher's Note:
1. Both parents are somatic (2n).
(a) cellulase and pectinase
(b) cellulase and protease
(c) chitinase and cellulase
(d) lipase and cellulase
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) cellulase and pectinase
Explanation:
1. Cellulase digests cellulose and pectinase digests pectin in the cell wall
Teacher's Note:
1. Together they remove the cell wall.
Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Plant Breeding
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FAQs
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By solving our NEET Biology Plant Breeding MCQs Set 02, NEET students can improve their accuracy and speed which is important as objective questions provide a chance to secure 100% marks in the Biology.
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