NEET Biology Plant Breeding MCQs Set 01

Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Plant Breeding

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Plant Breeding designed to align with the latest NEET academic syllabus for NEET Biology. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

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View or download the dedicated Plant Breeding MCQ resource below. Practicing these 50 objective questions regularly builds familiarity with standard exam patterns and helps secure higher marks in final Biology evaluations.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Hybrids are generally:
(a) weak
(b) strong
(c) like the parents
(d) mutants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) strong

Explanation:
1. Hybrids show hybrid vigour (heterosis)
2. They are usually more vigorous than either parent

Teacher's Note:
1. Heterosis is the superiority of the hybrid.
2. It arises from heterozygosity.

Question 2: Emasculation is achieved by:
(a) removal of anthers
(b) removal of stigma
(c) removal of the entire organism
(d) removal of petals and sepals
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) removal of anthers

Explanation:
1. Emasculation means removing anthers from a bisexual flower bud before they release pollen
2. This prevents self-pollination

Teacher's Note:
1. The flower is then bagged and pollinated with the chosen male parent.

Question 3: In crop improvement programmes haploids are of great importance because they:
(a) grow better under adverse conditions
(b) are useful in studies of meiosis
(c) require only about half the amount of chemical fertilisers compared with diploids
(d) give homozygous lines following diploidisation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) give homozygous lines following diploidisation

Explanation:
1. Doubling the chromosomes of a haploid (colchicine) gives a homozygous diploid
2. Pure lines are then obtained in a single generation

Teacher's Note:
1. Haploids shorten the time to pure lines from about 10 years to 5.

Question 4: A new crop, triticale, has been evolved by intergeneric hybridisation between:
(a) wheat and Aegilops
(b) wheat and rice
(c) rice and maize
(d) rye and wheat
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) rye and wheat

Explanation:
1. Triticale is an amphidiploid
2. It is made by crossing wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale)

Teacher's Note:
1. The name combines Triticum and Secale.

Question 5: If a breeder has to evolve a disease-resistant strain, which step will be taken first?
(a) hybridisation
(b) selection of parents
(c) working out the yield
(d) looking for the subject in the library
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) selection of parents

Explanation:
1. Collection of variability comes first in the full programme
2. Among the options given, selecting suitable (resistant) parents precedes crossing

Teacher's Note:
1. Parents must carry the desired resistance genes before hybridisation.

Question 6: Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by:
(a) only gymnosperm cells
(b) all plant cells
(c) all eukaryotic cells
(d) only bacterial cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) all plant cells

Explanation:
1. Totipotency is the capacity of a cell to grow into a whole plant
2. All living plant cells carry the full genome

Teacher's Note:
1. Tissue culture depends on totipotency.

Question 7: Heterosis (hybrid vigour) is desirable in vegetatively propagated plants because:
(a) heterosis maintains longer duration
(b) these plants are easy to cultivate
(c) vegetative reproduction helps in fast multiplication
(d) it is due to homozygosity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) vegetative reproduction helps in fast multiplication

Explanation:
1. Vegetative propagation produces clones
2. A superior heterotic hybrid can therefore be multiplied rapidly without segregation

Teacher's Note:
1. Seed propagation would break up heterozygosity.

Question 8: Modern farmers can increase the yield of paddy by up to 50% by the use of:
(a) Baculovirus
(b) Rhizobium
(c) cyanobacteria
(d) farm yard manure
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) cyanobacteria

Explanation:
1. Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (blue-green algal biofertilisers) are used in paddy fields
2. They fix nitrogen and improve soil fertility

Teacher's Note:
1. Rhizobium works with legumes, not paddy.

Question 9: Somaclonal variations appear in:
(a) organisms produced through somatic hybridisation
(b) plants growing in highly polluted conditions
(c) apomictic plants
(d) tissue-culture-raised plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) tissue-culture-raised plants

Explanation:
1. Variation arising in plants regenerated from cultured somatic cells is somaclonal variation

Teacher's Note:
1. It results from changes during culture.

Question 10: Pomato is:
(a) a somatic hybrid
(b) an allopolyploid
(c) a natural mutant
(d) both (a) and (b)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
1. Pomato was produced by protoplast fusion of potato and tomato
2. The fused cell carries chromosomes from two species, so it is an allopolyploid

Teacher's Note:
1. It is a classic example of somatic hybridisation.

Question 11: The plant part used for culture is called:
(a) scion
(b) stock
(c) explant
(d) callus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) explant

Explanation:
1. Any excised plant part used to start a culture is an explant

Teacher's Note:
1. Callus is the mass formed from it.

Question 12: Gynogenic haploid plants are obtained through:
(a) anther culture
(b) ovule culture
(c) embryo culture
(d) shoot tip culture
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) ovule culture

Explanation:
1. Gynogenic means from the female gametophyte
2. Ovule (unfertilised) culture gives them, while anther culture gives androgenic haploids

Teacher's Note:
1. Anther culture gives androgenic haploids.

Question 13: Protoplast fusion causes:
(a) rapid growth of offspring
(b) somatic hybridisation
(c) production of useful allopolyploids
(d) both (b) and (c)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) both (b) and (c)

Explanation:
1. Fusing protoplasts of two species gives a somatic hybrid
2. Such hybrids are allopolyploids

Teacher's Note:
1. Both statements (b) and (c) are correct.

Question 14: Virus-free plants can be obtained through:
(a) grafting
(b) callus culture
(c) shoot tip culture
(d) suspension culture
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) shoot tip culture

Explanation:
1. Meristems and shoot tips are usually free from virus
2. Culturing them gives disease-free plants

Teacher's Note:
1. Meristem culture is used commercially for virus-free potato.

Question 15: Which hormone is used for shoot differentiation in callus?
(a) 2,4-D
(b) benzyl amino purine (BAP)
(c) deformylase
(d) gibberellic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) benzyl amino purine (BAP)

Explanation:
1. A high cytokinin-to-auxin ratio promotes shoots
2. BAP is a cytokinin

Teacher's Note:
1. Auxins such as NAA promote roots.

Question 16: Which type of culture is used in some interspecific crosses where the endosperm of the developing hybrid seed degenerates very early?
(a) meristem culture
(b) shoot tip culture
(c) embryo culture
(d) anther culture
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) embryo culture

Explanation:
1. The young hybrid embryo is excised and cultured on a nutrient medium
2. This is called embryo rescue

Teacher's Note:
1. The embryo needs external nutrition once the endosperm fails.

Question 17: What is the root of any breeding programme?
(a) mutation
(b) green revolution
(c) genetic variability
(d) genetic similarity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) genetic variability

Explanation:
1. Selection can only work where variation exists
2. Collection of variability is therefore the first step

Teacher's Note:
1. Without variation there is nothing to select.

Question 18: Which tropical cane grown in south India had thicker stems and high sugar content but did not grow well in north India?
(a) Saccharum barberi
(b) Saccharum spontaneum
(c) Saccharum robustum
(d) Saccharum officinarum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Saccharum officinarum

Explanation:
1. S. officinarum was crossed with the north Indian S. barberi
2. The hybrids combined high sugar with adaptability

Teacher's Note:
1. S. barberi had poor sugar but grew in the north.

Question 19: Pusa Komal, a variety of cowpea developed by hybridisation and selection, is mainly resistant to:
(a) powdery mildew
(b) yellow mosaic virus
(c) bacterial blight
(d) white rust
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) bacterial blight

Explanation:
1. Pusa Komal is resistant to bacterial blight

Teacher's Note:
1. White rust resistance belongs to Pusa Swarnim (Brassica).

Question 20: Read the statements. (A) The wheat variety Atlas 66 has a high protein content. (B) SCP is an alternate source of protein for animal and human nutrition. (C) Plants developed by micropropagation are genetically different from the original plant. (D) Semi-dwarf rice varieties were derived from IR-8 and Taichung Native-1. The correct statements are:
(a) A, B, C
(b) C, D, A
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B, D
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) A, B, D

Explanation:
1. (A), (B) and (D) are correct
2. (C) is false because micropropagated plants are genetically identical clones

Teacher's Note:
1. Clones are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 21: In which crop was resistance to yellow mosaic virus induced by mutation?
(a) mung bean
(b) cowpea
(c) wheat
(d) Brassica
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) mung bean

Explanation:
1. Mutation breeding produced yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew resistance in mung bean

Teacher's Note:
1. Mutations are induced by gamma rays or chemicals.

Question 22: Smooth-leaved and nectar-less cotton varieties do not attract which pest?
(a) aphids
(b) jassids
(c) bollworms
(d) shoot borer
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) bollworms

Explanation:
1. Absence of nectar and hairs lowers attraction of bollworms

Teacher's Note:
1. Hairy leaves in cotton, by contrast, resist jassids.

Question 23: Steps of a plant breeding programme: (A) Cross hybridisation among selected parents (B) Testing, release and commercialisation of new cultivars (C) Collection of variability (D) Selection and testing of superior recombinants (E) Evaluation and selection of parents. The correct sequence is:
(a) E, C, A, B, D
(b) C, E, A, B, D
(c) C, E, A, D, B
(d) E, C, A, D, B
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C, E, A, D, B

Explanation:
1. The order is: collect variability, evaluate and select parents, cross, select superior recombinants, then test and release

Teacher's Note:
1. Remember: variability, parents, cross, selection, release.

Question 24: In a fungus-plant symbiotic association (mycorrhiza), the fungus absorbs which nutrient from the soil and passes it to the plant?
(a) nitrogen
(b) phosphorus
(c) manganese
(d) calcium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) phosphorus

Explanation:
1. Mycorrhizal fungi are efficient at absorbing phosphorus
2. They pass it to the host and receive carbohydrates

Teacher's Note:
1. Mycorrhiza helps phosphorus uptake.

Question 25: Nobel laureate Norman E. Borlaug developed semi-dwarf varieties of:
(a) wheat
(b) sugarcane
(c) mustard
(d) chilli
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) wheat

Explanation:
1. Borlaug bred high-yielding dwarf wheat in Mexico
2. It supported the Green Revolution

Teacher's Note:
1. He is called the father of the Green Revolution.

Question 26: Which of the following is an example of somatic hybridisation?
(a) Bt cotton
(b) pomato
(c) golden rice
(d) all of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) pomato

Explanation:
1. Pomato arises from fusion of potato and tomato protoplasts
2. Bt cotton and golden rice are transgenic

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic and somatic hybrid are different.

Question 27: IARI, New Delhi has released several vegetable crops that are rich in:
(a) vitamins
(b) hormones
(c) minerals
(d) both vitamins and minerals
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) both vitamins and minerals

Explanation:
1. Examples include vitamin A-rich carrot, vitamin C-rich mustard and iron-rich spinach

Teacher's Note:
1. These are biofortified crops.

Question 28: Which plant breeding step is very tedious and time-consuming?
(a) selection and testing of superior recombinants
(b) cross hybridisation among the selected parents
(c) collection of variability
(d) evaluation and selection of parents
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) cross hybridisation among the selected parents

Explanation:
1. Pollen from the male parent must be collected and placed on the stigma of the female parent, and only about one in a few hundred crosses gives the required combination

Teacher's Note:
1. Hand pollination is slow and the success rate is low.

Question 29: Pusa Gaurav is a variety of ___(A)___ resistant to aphids; Flat bean variety ___(B)___ is resistant to jassids; Okra variety Pusa Sawani is resistant to ___(C)___. Choose the correct fill-ups.
(a) A: wheat; B: Pusa Shubhra; C: bollworms
(b) A: Brassica; B: Pusa Komal; C: fruit borer
(c) A: wheat; B: Pusa Komal; C: bollworms
(d) A: Brassica; B: Pusa Sem 2; C: shoot and fruit borer
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) A: Brassica; B: Pusa Sem 2; C: shoot and fruit borer

Explanation:
1. Pusa Gaurav is a Brassica variety resistant to aphids
2. Pusa Sem 2 (flat bean) is resistant to jassids
3. Pusa Sawani (okra) is resistant to shoot and fruit borer

Teacher's Note:
1. Match each crop with its pest.

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