NEET Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants MCQs Set 12

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: During photosynthesis, plants mainly utilise the red and blue regions of visible spectrum, for the first time it was concluded by :
(a) Jan Ingenhousz
(b) Joseph Priestley
(c) T.W. Engelmann
(d) Cornelius Van Niel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) T.W. Engelmann

Explanation:
1. T.W. Engelmann split light with a prism and showed that bacteria gathered at the red and blue regions where algae released most oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Engelmann's experiment with Cladophora and aerobic bacteria showed that red and blue light are used most in photosynthesis.
2. Radioisotope work (Ruben and Kamen, 18O) proved that the oxygen released comes from water.

Question 2: Which of the following conclusions regarding photosynthesis was proved by using radioisotopic techniques ?
(a) Light is essential
(b) O2 comes from H2O and not from CO2
(c) Glucose is stored as starch
(d) Exchange of gases with environment
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) O2 comes from H2O and not from CO2

Explanation:
1. Radioisotope (18O) labelling proved that the oxygen evolved in photosynthesis comes from water.

Teacher's Note:
1. In the Z scheme electrons flow from PS II to PS I; water splitting happens on the lumen side and ATP is made as protons move through the ATP synthase into the stroma.
2. The Calvin cycle needs 3 ATP and 2 NADPH per CO2 fixed.

Question 3: The dark reactions of the photosynthesis :
(a) occur in darkness
(b) are not light dependent
(c) are not directly light driven
(d) occur in membrane system of chloroplast
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) are not directly light driven

Explanation:
1. Dark reactions are not directly light driven, but they depend on the ATP and NADPH made in the light reaction; they usually run in light.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants have Kranz anatomy, PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells and RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells, so photorespiration is negligible.
2. C3 plants respond to higher CO2 concentration, C4 plants saturate at lower CO2.

Question 4: Electrons from which of follwing reduces NADP+ to NADPH+H+ during Z-scheme of photosynthesis?
(a) Photosystem-I
(b) Water
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Photosystem-II
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Photosystem-I

Explanation:
1. In the Z scheme, electrons released from photosystem I are passed on to NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Engelmann's experiment with Cladophora and aerobic bacteria showed that red and blue light are used most in photosynthesis.
2. Radioisotope work (Ruben and Kamen, 18O) proved that the oxygen released comes from water.

Question 5: During photosynthesis the stroma lamellae of chloroplast could perform :
(a) the process of dark reaction in which ATP utilised
(b) the process of light reaction which produce NADPH+H+
(c) the process of dark reaction which utilise NADPH+H+
(d) the process of light reaction which produce ATP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) the process of light reaction which produce ATP

Explanation:
1. Stroma lamellae carry PS I and ATP synthase but not PS II or NADP reductase, so they can make ATP by cyclic photophosphorylation.

Teacher's Note:
1. In the Z scheme electrons flow from PS II to PS I; water splitting happens on the lumen side and ATP is made as protons move through the ATP synthase into the stroma.
2. The Calvin cycle needs 3 ATP and 2 NADPH per CO2 fixed.

Question 6: Which of the following statements are correct regarding synthesis of ATP in the chloroplast during photosynthesis?
(A) Splitting of water in the stroma helps in creation of the proton gradient.
(B) The cytochrome complex helps in release of protons into the lumen of the thylakoid by accepting electrons from a hydrogen carrier.
(C) Movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma through the F0 of ATPase is coupled with ATP synthesis.
(D) Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH + H+ also contributes to creation of the proton gradient.
(a) All statements are correct
(b) C and D
(c) A and B
(d) B, C and D
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) B, C and D

Explanation:
1. Water splits in the lumen, not the stroma, so A is wrong; B, C and D describe the gradient and ATP synthesis correctly.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants have Kranz anatomy, PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells and RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells, so photorespiration is negligible.
2. C3 plants respond to higher CO2 concentration, C4 plants saturate at lower CO2.

Question 7: What is the correct ratio of ATP utilisation in steps of Calvin cycle?
(a) Reduction : Regeneration :: 1 : 1
(b) Reduction : Regeneration :: 2 : 1
(c) Reduction : Regeneration :: 2 : 2
(d) Reduction : Regeneration :: 1 : 2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Reduction : Regeneration :: 2 : 1

Explanation:
1. Each CO2 needs 2 ATP in reduction and 1 ATP in regeneration of RuBP, so the ratio is 2 : 1.

Teacher's Note:
1. Engelmann's experiment with Cladophora and aerobic bacteria showed that red and blue light are used most in photosynthesis.
2. Radioisotope work (Ruben and Kamen, 18O) proved that the oxygen released comes from water.

Question 8: The cells of C4 plants those are rich in RuBisCO enzyme, also have which of the following characteristic (s)?
(a) Intercellular spaces absent
(b) Thick walls impervious to gaseous exchange
(c) Large number of chloroplast
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Bundle sheath cells of C4 plants have many chloroplasts, thick walls impervious to gases and no intercellular spaces.

Teacher's Note:
1. In the Z scheme electrons flow from PS II to PS I; water splitting happens on the lumen side and ATP is made as protons move through the ATP synthase into the stroma.
2. The Calvin cycle needs 3 ATP and 2 NADPH per CO2 fixed.

Question 9: The productivity is better in C4 plants because :
(a) they increase the intracellular concentration of CO2 in mesophyll cells
(b) in these plants RuBisCO has much greater affinity for O2 than for CO2
(c) these plants can prevent competitive binding phenomena related to RuBisCO
(d) these plants minimise the carboxylase activity of RuBisCO
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) these plants can prevent competitive binding phenomena related to RuBisCO

Explanation:
1. C4 plants keep a high CO2 concentration around RuBisCO in the bundle sheath, preventing the competitive binding of O2 to RuBisCO.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants have Kranz anatomy, PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells and RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells, so photorespiration is negligible.
2. C3 plants respond to higher CO2 concentration, C4 plants saturate at lower CO2.

Question 10: C3 plants respond to higher CO2 concentration by showing increased rates of photosynthesis because:
(a) Current availability of CO2 levels is limiting to the C3 plants
(b) C3 plants show saturation at about 360 mlL–1 concentration of CO2
(c) these plants responds to high CO2 concentration even in low light conditions
(d) in these plants RuBisCO shows only carboxylation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Current availability of CO2 levels is limiting to the C3 plants

Explanation:
1. The present CO2 level is limiting for C3 plants, so their photosynthesis increases with more CO2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Engelmann's experiment with Cladophora and aerobic bacteria showed that red and blue light are used most in photosynthesis.
2. Radioisotope work (Ruben and Kamen, 18O) proved that the oxygen released comes from water.

Question 11: In the general equation \(2H_2A + CO_2 \xrightarrow{light} 2A + CH_2O + H_2O\), the compound \(H_2A\) represents:
(a) a suitable reducible compound
(b) a suitable oxidisable compound
(c) a suitable buffer
(d) both a reducible and an oxidisable compound
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a suitable oxidisable compound

Explanation:
1. H2A is the hydrogen donor, which gets oxidised to A (water in green plants, H2S in purple sulphur bacteria).

Teacher's Note:
1. In the Z scheme electrons flow from PS II to PS I; water splitting happens on the lumen side and ATP is made as protons move through the ATP synthase into the stroma.
2. The Calvin cycle needs 3 ATP and 2 NADPH per CO2 fixed.

Question 12: The membrane system of chloroplast is responsible for :
(a) Trapping the light energy
(b) Synthesis of ATP & NADPH
(c) Enzymatic reactions for CO 2 incorporation
(d) Both (1) and (2)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both (1) and (2)

Explanation:
1. The thylakoid membrane system traps light energy and makes ATP and NADPH; CO2 incorporation occurs in the stroma.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants have Kranz anatomy, PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells and RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells, so photorespiration is negligible.
2. C3 plants respond to higher CO2 concentration, C4 plants saturate at lower CO2.

Question 13: How does PS-II supply electrons continuously ?
(a) by removing electrons from photon
(b) by removing electrons from H 2O
(c) by removing electrons from CO2
(d) by removing electrons from constituent carotenoids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) by removing electrons from H 2O

Explanation:
1. PS II replaces the electrons it loses by splitting water.

Teacher's Note:
1. Engelmann's experiment with Cladophora and aerobic bacteria showed that red and blue light are used most in photosynthesis.
2. Radioisotope work (Ruben and Kamen, 18O) proved that the oxygen released comes from water.

Question 14: Which of the following is not always required for chemiosmosis ?
(a) Membrane
(b) Proton pump
(c) OEC
(d) ATPase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) OEC

Explanation:
1. Chemiosmosis needs a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient and ATP synthase; the oxygen evolving complex is specific to photosynthetic water splitting.

Teacher's Note:
1. In the Z scheme electrons flow from PS II to PS I; water splitting happens on the lumen side and ATP is made as protons move through the ATP synthase into the stroma.
2. The Calvin cycle needs 3 ATP and 2 NADPH per CO2 fixed.

Question 15: Which of the following is not special about C4 plants?
(a) Responsiveness to high light intensities
(b) Lack of photorespiration
(c) Greater productivity
(d) Scotoactive stomata
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Scotoactive stomata

Explanation:
1. C4 plants respond to high light, lack photorespiration and are highly productive; scotoactive (night-opening) stomata are a feature of CAM plants.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants have Kranz anatomy, PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells and RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells, so photorespiration is negligible.
2. C3 plants respond to higher CO2 concentration, C4 plants saturate at lower CO2.

Question 16: In C4 plants there is no photorespiration, because :
(a) The have large number of chloroplast
(b) Increased CO2 concentration at RuBisCO site
(c) Concentric arrangement of mesophyll cells
(d) Greater affinity of RuBisCO for CO2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Increased CO2 concentration at RuBisCO site

Explanation:
1. C4 plants concentrate CO2 at the RuBisCO site in bundle sheath cells, so oxygenation is almost absent.

Teacher's Note:
1. Engelmann's experiment with Cladophora and aerobic bacteria showed that red and blue light are used most in photosynthesis.
2. Radioisotope work (Ruben and Kamen, 18O) proved that the oxygen released comes from water.

Question 17: Which of the following is not a plant factor regulating photosynthesis ?
(a) Age of leaf
(b) Number of mesophyll cells
(c) Atmospheric CO2 concentration
(d) Amount of chlorophyll
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Atmospheric CO2 concentration

Explanation:
1. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is an external factor; leaf age, mesophyll cell number and chlorophyll amount are plant factors.

Teacher's Note:
1. In the Z scheme electrons flow from PS II to PS I; water splitting happens on the lumen side and ATP is made as protons move through the ATP synthase into the stroma.
2. The Calvin cycle needs 3 ATP and 2 NADPH per CO2 fixed.

Question 18: Increase in CO2 concentration upto .......... percent can cause an increase in CO2 fixation rate, beyond this the level can become damaging over long periods.
(a) 0.03 percent
(b) 0.04 percent
(c) 0.045 percent
(d) 0.05 percent
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 0.05 percent

Explanation:
1. NCERT states that CO2 up to about 0.05 per cent increases fixation, and beyond this it can be damaging over long periods.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants have Kranz anatomy, PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells and RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells, so photorespiration is negligible.
2. C3 plants respond to higher CO2 concentration, C4 plants saturate at lower CO2.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

Download Multiple Choice Questions: Photosynthesis In Higher Plants (NEET Biology)

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Concept Clarification for Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

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