Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Chapter 7 Non co operation Movement Solutions

Class 8 History Chapter 7 Non-Co-Operation Movement Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Non-Co-Operation Movement Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 7 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 History Chapter 7 Non-Co-Operation Movement Textbook Questions And Answers

1. Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options :

Question 1.Gandhiji began his career from the country of ............
(a) India
(b) England
(c) South Africa
(d) Myanmar
Answer: (c) South Africa
In simple words: Gandhiji started his political and social work in South Africa, where he developed his methods of non-violent resistance against injustice before returning to India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the geographical origin of Gandhiji's initial political work, as it's a foundational fact in his biography and India's freedom struggle.

Question 2.The farmers started the no-tax movement in the district of ............
(a) Gorakhpur
(b) Kheda
(c) Solapur
(d) Amravati
Answer: (b) Kheda
In simple words: The Kheda district was the site of a significant no-tax movement led by Gandhiji, where farmers protested against unfair land revenue demands due to crop failure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate key movements with their specific locations to help recall facts. Kheda is known for its Satyagraha against land tax.

Question 3.As a protest to Jallianwala Baug massacre, Rabindranath Tagore returned the title of ............ bestowed upon him by the British government.
(a) Lord
(b) Sir
(c) Raobahadur
(d) Raosaheb
Answer: (b) Sir
In simple words: Rabindranath Tagore renounced his 'Sir' knighthood in protest against the brutal Jallianwala Bagh massacre, expressing his anguish and solidarity with the Indian people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key individuals often made symbolic gestures during the freedom struggle. Remembering these acts and their context is important for historical understanding.

2. Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence :

Question 1.Which restriction were put up on the Blacks in South Africa according to the declaration of 1906?
Answer:In 1906, the government declared that the Blacks in South Africa should compulsorily carry an identity card. This was the restriction imposed on their freedom.
In simple words: In 1906, Black people in South Africa were forced to carry identity cards, which was a major restriction on their freedom and a tool of racial discrimination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specific forms of discrimination faced by Indians and other non-white communities in South Africa during Gandhiji's time there.

Question 2.Where did Gandhiji launch the first Satyagraha in India?
Answer:The first Satyagraha in India was launched by Gandhiji at Champaran at Bihar in 1917.
In simple words: Gandhiji launched his first Satyagraha in India in Champaran, Bihar, in 1917, fighting for the rights of indigo farmers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Champaran is a landmark event; knowing its location and year is crucial for understanding the beginning of Gandhiji's active role in India.

Question 3.Which officer gave orders of firing in the Jallianwala Baug?
Answer:General Dyer gave orders of firing in the Jallianwala Baug.
In simple words: General Dyer was the British officer responsible for ordering the indiscriminate firing at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre is a critical event; remember the name of the officer directly responsible for the firing.

3. Answer The Following Questions In 25-30 Words :

Question 1.Explain the philosophy of Satyagraha.
Answer:1. Satyagraha, a novel technique, means insistence of truth.
2. The aim of Satyagraha was to make the unjust person aware of truth and justice and also to transform his views.
3. A Satyagrahi should never use violence and untruth mean.
In simple words: Satyagraha is a non-violent method of resistance based on truth, aiming to change the heart and mind of the oppressor through moral persuasion rather than force, without resorting to violence or falsehood.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly defining Satyagraha and its core principles of truth and non-violence is essential. Focus on its persuasive, transformative nature.

Question 2.Why was the Swaraj Party formed?
Answer:1. The members of the Indian National Congress like Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das put an idea to contest elections and enter the Legislative Assembly and Provincial Legislative Council to obstruct the working of the government and oppose the unjust policies.
2. Therefore, they formed the Swaraj Party in 1922.
In simple words: The Swaraj Party was formed by leaders like Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das in 1922 to enter legislative councils through elections and obstruct British policies from within, thereby pressuring the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the formation of political groups, always mention the key leaders involved and their primary objective or strategy.

4. Explain The Following Statements With Reasons :

Question 1.Rowlatt Act was opposed by the people of India.
Answer:1. The Rowlatt Act was enacted to suppress the growing discontent among the Indians and suggest measures about it.
2. This Act authorised the government to arrest any Indian and imprison him without trial or warrant.
3. There was no provision for appeal against the punishment given under the Act.
4. Due to such unjust provisions in the Rowlatt Act it was opposed by the people of India and called 'Black Act'.
In simple words: The Rowlatt Act was heavily opposed in India because it allowed the British government to arrest and imprison individuals without trial or warrant, effectively denying basic civil liberties, which led Indians to label it as a 'Black Act'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific repressive clauses of the Rowlatt Act, particularly the 'no vakil, no appeal, no daleel' aspect, to explain why it was so widely condemned.

Question 2.Gandhiji suspended the Non-co-operation Movement.
Answer:1. In February, 1922 the police opened fire on a peaceful procession at Chauri- Chaura in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.
2. In retaliation to this, the enraged mob set fire the police station in Chauri- Chaura.
3. Twenty-two policemen including one officer were killed in this incident.
4. Gandhiji was hurt by this incident. So he decided to suspend the Non-co- operation Movement on 12 February, 1922.
In simple words: Gandhiji suspended the Non-co-operation Movement after the Chauri-Chaura incident in 1922, where protestors turned violent and killed policemen, as this act violated his core principle of non-violence.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Chauri-Chaura incident is a pivotal moment; ensure you know its date, location, and the direct consequence of Gandhiji suspending the movement.

Question 3.The Indians boycotted the Simon Commission.
Answer:1. The reforms introduced by Montague Chelmsford Act of 1919 was unsatisfactory.
2. It created discontent among Indians. The British Government appointed the Simon Commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon in 1927.'
3. There was not a single Indian member on the commission. In protest of this, the Congress boycotted the Simon Commission.
In simple words: Indians boycotted the Simon Commission because it comprised entirely of British members with no Indian representation, which was seen as an insult and a denial of India's right to participate in deciding its own constitutional future.

🎯 Exam Tip: The lack of Indian representation was the primary reason for the Simon Commission's boycott. Highlight this point clearly in your answer.

Question 4.Khilafat movement was started in India.
Answer:1. The ruler of Turkey was regarded as the Khalifa or religious head of the Muslims all over the world.
2. To get the support of Indian Muslims, in the First World War, the British gave false assurance of not harming the Khalifa's empire after the war.
3. But they did not keep their word. It caused resentment among the Indian Muslims. So, they started the Khilafat Movement.
In simple words: The Khilafat Movement started in India to protest the British government's treatment of the Ottoman Khalifa (Sultan of Turkey), who was seen as the spiritual head of Muslims worldwide, following the First World War.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the Khilafat Movement, link it to the post-World War I treatment of Turkey and the global Muslim sentiment, especially in India.

Class 8 History Chapter 7 Non-Co-Operation Movement Additional Important Questions And Answers

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options :

Question 1.The period between 1920-1947 in the Indian national movement is known as ............
(a) Moderate Phase
(b) Extremist Phase
(c) Revolutionary Period
(d) Gandhian Era
Answer: (d) Gandhian Era
In simple words: The period from 1920 to 1947 in the Indian national movement is known as the Gandhian Era because Mahatma Gandhi dominated the political scene and guided the freedom struggle with his philosophy of Satyagraha.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognizing the different phases of the Indian National Movement and their dominant leaders is crucial for chronological understanding.

Question 2............. suggested Gandhiji to tour the entire nation when he returned from South Africa.
(a) Dadabhai Nowrojee
(b) Surendranath Banerjee
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Lokmanya Tilak
Answer: (c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
In simple words: Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Gandhiji's political guru, advised him to travel across India for a year upon his return from South Africa, to understand the country's diverse challenges.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing about Gandhiji's political mentor and his advice is important context for Gandhiji's initial actions in India.

Question 3.After the death of Lokmanya Tilak in 1920, the reins of freedom movement went into the hands of ............
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Subash Chandra Bose
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: (c) Mahatma Gandhi
In simple words: Following Lokmanya Tilak's death in 1920, Mahatma Gandhi emerged as the prominent leader, taking charge of the Indian freedom movement and shaping its direction.

🎯 Exam Tip: The year 1920 marks a transition in the leadership of the Indian freedom struggle; remember Mahatma Gandhi's rise to prominence after Tilak's demise.

Question 4............. Commission was appointed to enquire about Jallianwala Baug massacre.
(a) Hunter
(b) Simon
(c) Minto
(d) Rowlatt
Answer: (a) Hunter
In simple words: The Hunter Commission was officially appointed by the British government to investigate the atrocities committed during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the specific commission (Hunter) to the event it investigated (Jallianwala Bagh) to avoid confusion with other commissions.

Question 5.The Resolution of Non-co-operation Movement was put forth by Chittaranjan Das in ............ session of Indian National Congress.
(a) Lahore
(b) Nagpur
(c) Mumbai
(d) Amritsar
Answer: (b) Nagpur
In simple words: The resolution for the Non-co-operation Movement was proposed by Chittaranjan Das at the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress in 1920, which was a pivotal moment in the movement's formal adoption.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important resolutions are often associated with the Congress session where they were passed. Remember Nagpur for the Non-co-operation resolution.

Question 6.An officer named attacked Lalaji with a lathi at Lahore.
(a) Dyer
(b) Hunter
(c) Odwire
(d) Saunders
Answer: (d) Saunders
In simple words: Lalaji (Lala Lajpat Rai) was fatally injured by a lathi charge ordered by officer Saunders during a protest against the Simon Commission in Lahore.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different British officers involved in key events, ensuring you correctly attribute actions to individuals like Saunders.

Question 7............. Secretary of State, criticised that Indians were incapable of drafting a constitution.
(a) Morley
(b) Minto
(c) Berkenhead
(d) Montague
Answer: (c) Berkenhead
In simple words: Berkenhead, the Secretary of State, challenged Indian leaders to draft a constitution that could be unanimously accepted, implying they were incapable, which spurred the creation of the Nehru Report.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the challenges issued by British officials, as they often triggered significant responses and actions from Indian nationalist leaders.

Identify The Wrong Pair And Correct It:

Question. Identify the wrong pair and correct it:
(1) President of the Lahore session of Congress - Motilal Nehru
(2) Demonstrated against Simon commission at Lahore - Lala Lajpat Rai
(3) Held satyagraha in South Africa - Mahatma Gandhi
(4) Led the Mulshi Satyagraha - Senapati Bapat
Answer:Wrong pair: President of the Lahore session of Congress - Motilal Nehru.
Corrected pair : President of the Lahore session of Congress - Jawaharlal Nehru.
In simple words: The incorrect pair identifies Motilal Nehru as the President of the Lahore Session; the correct information is that Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the historic Lahore Session of Congress.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to family relations and historical roles; while both Nehrus were prominent, Jawaharlal Nehru led the Lahore session where "Poorna Swaraj" was declared.

Name The Following:

Question 1.Leaders in other countries who were influenced by Satyagraha technique of Mahatma Gandhi.
(1) ............
(2) ............
Answer:(1) Martin Luther King in USA
(2) Nelson Mandela in South Africa
In simple words: Martin Luther King Jr. in the USA and Nelson Mandela in South Africa were two global leaders who were deeply inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagraha movement and applied its principles in their own struggles for civil rights and freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests your knowledge of the global impact of Gandhiji's philosophy. Remember these two prominent figures who championed non-violent resistance worldwide.

Question 2.Young Congress leaders who demanded Poorna Swaraj.
(1) ............
(2) ............
Answer:(1) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(2) Subash Chandra Bose
In simple words: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose were young and influential Congress leaders who strongly advocated for "Poorna Swaraj," or complete independence, pushing the party away from the demand for Dominion Status.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the key figures who steered the Congress towards the goal of complete independence, especially the younger, more radical leaders of the time.

Question 3.Eminent lawyers who boycotted court by giving up their practice
(1) ............
(2) ............
Answer:(1) Pandit Motilal Nehru
(2) Chittaranjan Das.
In simple words: Pandit Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das were prominent lawyers who gave up their legal practices as part of the Non-co-operation Movement, boycotting British courts to support the nationalist cause.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's important to know which professionals joined the Non-co-operation Movement, highlighting the broad-based support and sacrifices made.

Complete The Graphical Presentation :

Question 1. Complete the graphical presentation:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक ग्राफ़िकल प्रस्तुति है जिसमें 'स्वराज पार्टी के नेता' शीर्षक के नीचे और ऊपर दो-दो खाली बॉक्स हैं, जिनका उत्तर भरना है। यह मूल रूप से एक अवधारणा मानचित्र है जहां छात्रों को स्वराज पार्टी के प्रमुख नेताओं को सूचीबद्ध करना है।
Answer:(i) Motilal Nehru
(ii) Madan Mohan Malviya
(iii) N.C. Kelkar
(iv) Lala Lajpat Rai
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस पूर्ण ग्राफ़िकल प्रस्तुति में, 'स्वराज पार्टी के नेता' शीर्षक के ऊपर 'मोतीलाल नेहरू' और 'मदन मोहन मालवीय' तथा नीचे 'एन.सी. केलकर' और 'लाला लाजपत राय' के नाम भरे गए हैं, जो स्वराज पार्टी के प्रमुख नेताओं को दर्शाते हैं।
In simple words: This question asks to identify the key leaders who were part of the Swaraj Party. The answer lists prominent figures like Motilal Nehru, Madan Mohan Malviya, N.C. Kelkar, and Lala Lajpat Rai, who were instrumental in this political group.

🎯 Exam Tip: For graphical questions like this, accurately listing the individuals associated with the specified group or movement is key. Ensure spellings are correct.

Question 2. Complete the graphical presentation:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक ग्राफ़िकल प्रस्तुति है जिसमें 'नेहरू रिपोर्ट में प्रस्ताव' शीर्षक के साथ तीन खाली बॉक्स हैं, जिनका उत्तर भरना है। यह नेहरू रिपोर्ट की मुख्य सिफारिशों को सूचीबद्ध करने के लिए है।
Answer:(i) Establish self-government in the colonies of India
(ii) Implement Adult Franchise system
(iii) Linguistic division of provinces
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस पूर्ण ग्राफ़िकल प्रस्तुति में, 'नेहरू रिपोर्ट में प्रस्ताव' शीर्षक के तहत 'भारत के उपनिवेशों में स्व-शासन स्थापित करना', 'वयस्क मताधिकार प्रणाली लागू करना' और 'प्रांतों का भाषाई आधार पर विभाजन' के प्रस्तावों को भरा गया है।
In simple words: This question requires listing the main proposals of the Nehru Report. The key proposals included demanding self-government within the British Empire, advocating for adult franchise, and suggesting the linguistic reorganization of provinces in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the core proposals of the Nehru Report, as they reflect the nationalist aspirations for constitutional reform and self-rule.

Question 3. Complete the graphical presentation:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक ग्राफ़िकल प्रस्तुति है जिसमें 'भारत में गांधीजी के प्रारंभिक सत्याग्रह' शीर्षक के आसपास चार खाली बॉक्स हैं, जिनका उत्तर भरना है। यह गांधीजी द्वारा भारत में शुरू किए गए शुरुआती आंदोलनों को सूचीबद्ध करने के लिए है।
Answer:(i) Kheda Satyagraha
(ii) Champaran Satyagraha
(iii) Mill Workers' movement in Ahmedabad
(iv) Non-co-operation Movement
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस पूर्ण ग्राफ़िकल प्रस्तुति में, 'भारत में गांधीजी के प्रारंभिक सत्याग्रह' शीर्षक के आसपास 'खेड़ा सत्याग्रह', 'चंपारण सत्याग्रह', 'अहमदाबाद में मिल श्रमिक आंदोलन' और 'असहयोग आंदोलन' भरे गए हैं, जो गांधीजी के शुरुआती आंदोलनों को दर्शाते हैं।
In simple words: This question asks to identify Gandhiji's early Satyagraha movements in India. The answer includes the Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad Mill Workers' Satyagrahas, along with the broader Non-co-operation Movement, highlighting his initial impactful campaigns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the sequence and significance of Gandhiji's initial movements (Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad) is fundamental to grasping his impact on the Indian freedom struggle.

Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence :

Question 1.Which principles gave a new direction to the freedom movement?
Answer:The principles of truth and non-violence gave new direction to the freedom movement.
In simple words: The core principles of truth and non-violence, championed by Mahatma Gandhi, fundamentally reshaped and guided the Indian freedom movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember Gandhiji's foundational principles, as they are central to understanding the unique character of India's independence struggle.

Question 2.How was the constructive programme beneficial?
Answer:Due to the constructive programme, the national movement became more comprehensive in rural areas.
In simple words: The constructive programme, which focused on social reform and village upliftment, helped broaden the reach of the national movement and made it more inclusive, especially in rural areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the dual nature of Gandhiji's strategy-political agitation combined with constructive social work-and its impact on mass mobilization.

Question 3.How did Lala Lajpat Rai react after he was attacked by the British officer?
Answer:Lala Lajpat Rai said that Every blow on my body will prove a nail in the coffin of the British Empire, when he was attacked by the British officer.
In simple words: After being attacked, Lala Lajpat Rai famously declared that the blows inflicted on him would contribute to the downfall of the British Empire, emphasizing the eventual cost of their brutality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorable quotes by national leaders, especially during critical moments, are important. This quote highlights defiance and foresight.

Write Short Note :

Question 1.Gandhiji's work in South Africa :
Answer:1. In 1893, Gandhiji went to South Africa for some legal work where he began his political work.
2. Many Indians had settled in South Africa for the purpose of trade and business.
3. They were treated as criminals and humiliating treatment was given to them.
4. Many restrictions were imposed on their freedom like it was compulsory for them to carry an identity card.
5. Gandhiji adopted the path of Satyagraha and gained justice for them.
In simple words: Gandhiji's work in South Africa involved fighting against racial discrimination and injustice faced by Indians. He developed and successfully applied his Satyagraha technique there to secure basic rights for the community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the reasons for his presence, the discrimination faced by Indians, and the development and application of his Satyagraha methods in South Africa.

Question 2.Champaran Satyagraha :
Answer:1. The farmers in Champaran region in Bihar were forced to cultivate indigo.
2. The cultivators suffered as they received a fixed amount as price from the plantation owners.
3. In 1917, Gandhiji went to Champaran and organized the farmers.
4. He launched agitation by adopting the technique of Satyagraha.
5. The farmers were given justice and thus Gandhiji was successful in his first satyagraha in India.
In simple words: The Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 was Gandhiji's first successful non-violent protest in India, where he fought for the rights of indigo farmers who were exploited by British planters, leading to justice for the cultivators.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the cause (indigo cultivation exploitation), Gandhiji's involvement, the method (Satyagraha), and the positive outcome as his first success in India.

Question 3.Work of Swaraj Party :
Answer:1. The leaders of the Swaraj Party put up an idea of contesting elections and obstructing the work of the government.
2. They severely opposed unjust policies of the government.
3. They demanded that a Responsible Government should be given to India.
4. They demanded for Round Table Conference.
5. They made a resolution in Assembly which demanded the release of political leaders taken as prisoners.
6. Many resolutions were passed in the Central Legislative Assembly but were rejected by the government.
In simple words: The Swaraj Party's work focused on entering the legislative councils to oppose British policies from within, demanding responsible government, pushing for a Round Table Conference, and advocating for the release of political prisoners, despite many of their resolutions being rejected.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the Swaraj Party's strategy of 'obstruction from within' the legislative bodies, and their key demands, including responsible government and political prisoner release.

Question 4.Nehru Report :
Answer:1. Berkenhead, the Secretary of State of India, criticised that Indian leaders were incapable of drafting a unanimously accepted constitution for India.
2. This challenge was taken up by all party committee under the chairmanship of Pandit Motilal Nehru.
3. The proposals of the Nehru Report were :
• implement Adult Franchise system in India,
• establish self government colonies of India, and
• division of provinces on linguistic division.
In simple words: The Nehru Report was a constitutional proposal drafted by an all-party committee led by Motilal Nehru, in response to a British challenge. Its key recommendations included adult suffrage, dominion status for India, and the linguistic reorganization of provinces.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the Nehru Report, include the context (Berkenhead's challenge), the chairman (Motilal Nehru), and its three most significant proposals.

Explain The Following Statements With Reasons :

Question 1.No-tax campaign in Kheda district was successful.
Answer:1. Due to continuous famines the crops had failed in Kheda district of Gujarat.
2. But the farmers were forced to pay land tax by the government.
3. Gandhiji suggested to the farmers that they should refuse to pay tax.
4. The farmers started the campaign to scrap the tax in 1918.
5. The tax was suspended by the British Government which made the movement successful.
In simple words: The no-tax campaign in Kheda was successful because, despite crop failures due to famine, farmers were forced to pay taxes. Gandhiji organized them to refuse payment, leading the British Government to eventually suspend the tax, proving the power of collective non-violent resistance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the cause (famine, forced tax), Gandhiji's intervention (advice to refuse tax), and the outcome (tax suspension) to explain the success of the Kheda campaign.

Question 2.The movement started by Mill workers at Ahmedabad was successful.
Answer:1. During the First World War the inflation was very high.
2. The mill workers demanded for rise in salary which was refused by the mill owners.
3. Gandhiji advised the workers to go on hunger strike.
4. In the end, the mill owners had to back off and the salary of workers was increased.
In simple words: The Ahmedabad Mill Workers' movement succeeded because, amid high inflation during WWI, workers demanded better wages which mill owners refused. Gandhiji's leadership, including advising a hunger strike, ultimately forced the owners to concede and increase salaries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the economic context (inflation), the workers' demands, Gandhiji's specific non-violent tactic (hunger strike), and the positive resolution as reasons for its success.

Question 3.The British government passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919.
Answer:1. Indians extended help to the British government in the First World War.
2. The Indians expected that after the war is over there will be a system of governance for taking decision for the well-being of the Indians.
3. Moreover, the rising prices, increased taxes led to growing unrest among the Indians.
4. To suppress this discontent and suggest measures about it Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919.
In simple words: The British government passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919 primarily to suppress the growing nationalist discontent and unrest in India, which intensified due to unfulfilled promises of post-war reforms and economic hardships after World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the Rowlatt Act to the broader context of post-WWI disillusionment and the British government's desire to quell rising Indian nationalism.

Answer The Following Questions In 25-30 Words :

Question 1.Why was the Hunter Commission appointed?
Answer:1. General Dyer ordered an unrestrained firing on the unarmed people who gathered for a meeting on 13th April 1919, at Jallianwala Baug.
2. About 400 people were killed and injured. The injured did not receive any medical help.
3. There was nationwide protest against this act.
4. Rabindranath Tagore gave up the title of Sir given by the British government.
5. The Indians demanded an enquiry against this massacre. So the British government appointed Hunter commission.
In simple words: The Hunter Commission was appointed by the British government due to widespread national and international outcry following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where General Dyer ordered lethal firing on peaceful protestors, leading to numerous deaths and injuries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the immediate cause (Jallianwala Bagh massacre) and the public demand for investigation as the main reasons for the Hunter Commission's appointment.

 

Question 2. Why did Gandhiji support the Khilafat movement?
Answer:1. Indian Muslims started a movement to support Khalifa known as the Khilafat Movement. 2. Gandhiji felt that if Hindus and Muslims unitedly start a national movement then the government can be brought to its senses. 3. Therefore, Gandhiji supported the Khilafat movement. 4. The Khilafat committee accepted Gandhiji's proposal and extended support to the Non-co-operation movement.
In simple words: Gandhiji supported the Khilafat movement to unite Hindus and Muslims against British rule. He believed that this unity would put pressure on the government, and the Khilafat Committee in turn supported his Non-co-operation Movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the strategic reasons behind Gandhiji's support for the Khilafat movement, particularly the emphasis on Hindu-Muslim unity against the British.

 

Question 3. How was Simon Commission opposed in India?
Answer:1. The Indian National Congress boycotted the Simon Commission because there was not a single Indian in it. 2. In 1928, when the commission arrived in India, people strongly protested against it shouting 'Simon go back'. 3. The police lathi charged the demonstrators. Lala Lajpat Rai himself led the demonstrators in Lahore. 4. He was injured in lathi charge and succumbed to his injuries.
In simple words: The Simon Commission was opposed because it had no Indian members, leading to widespread boycotts and protests like "Simon go back!". This opposition turned violent with police lathi charges, tragically resulting in Lala Lajpat Rai's death.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the primary reason for the boycott (no Indian members) and key events like the "Simon go back" slogan and Lala Lajpat Rai's martyrdom, as these are crucial historical details.

 

Question 4. Why was Gandhiji sent to six years of imprisonment?
Answer:1. Gandhiji was arrested in March 1922 for writing three anti-national articles in 'Young India'. 2. His trial was conducted in a special court set up in Ahmedabad. 3. The charges were levied against him. He was imprisoned for six years.
In simple words: Gandhiji was imprisoned for six years in 1922 because he was charged with sedition for writing 'anti-national' articles in his journal 'Young India'. His trial took place in a special court in Ahmedabad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the specific year (1922) and the reason for arrest (anti-national articles in 'Young India'), as these details provide context to the British government's actions against prominent leaders.

Read The Passage And Answer The Questions Given Below :

 

Question 1. What was the pledge taken by Indians on 26th January 1930?
Answer:On 26th January 1930, people all over the country took the pledge for carrying out of freedom movement with non-violent means for attainment of independence of India.
In simple words: On January 26, 1930, Indians across the country pledged to pursue the freedom movement using non-violent methods to achieve complete independence from British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the date (26th January 1930) and the core commitment (non-violent means for complete independence) as these define a significant moment in the freedom struggle.

 

Question 2. Why was the demand of Poorna Swaraj passed in Lahore session?
Answer:1. The objective of Dominion Status was not acceptable to Pandit Nehru, Subash Chandra Bose and other young leaders. 2. Due to their influence, the resolution of demanding complete independence i.e. 'Poorna Swaraj' was passed in the Lahore session.
In simple words: The demand for Poorna Swaraj (complete independence) was passed in the Lahore session because young leaders like Pandit Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose rejected the idea of Dominion Status, pushing for full autonomy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the rejection of Dominion Status and the role of young, influential leaders in advocating for complete independence.

 

Question 3. Why was the Lahore session historic?
Answer:1. The Indian National Congress gave up the objective of Dominion Status. 2. A resolution of complete independence was passed and it became the objective of the national movement. 3. A resolution was passed to observe 26th January as the Independence Day.
In simple words: The Lahore Session was historic because the Indian National Congress officially declared complete independence as its goal, replacing Dominion Status. It also decided to celebrate January 26th as Independence Day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the shift from Dominion Status to complete independence and the declaration of January 26th as Independence Day, as these are critical outcomes that shaped future movements.

Answer The Following In Detail :

 

Question 1. Give an account of the Jallianwala Baug Massacre.
Answer:Points: (a) Preceding events : 1. The British government resorted to suppressive measures as the protest was more intense in Punjab province. 2. Amritsar became the centre of this movement. 3. Gandhiji was prohibited from entering the province of Punjab. 4. General Dyer had banned public meetings in Amritsar. 5. Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kitchelu were arrested for their involvement in Amritsar Hartal case. (b) Massacre : 1. Despite the ban, a public meeting was held at Jallianwala Baug in Amritsar on 13th April 1919 on the occasion of Baisakhi. 2. General Dyer deployed troops around the single gate that led to the ground. 3. Without giving any warning, he ordered unrestrained firing on the unarmed people who had assembled for the meeting. 4. 1660 rounds were fired. The firing continued until the ammunition was over. 5. About 400 men and women were killed. 6. Curfew was announced after the firing which made it impossible for medical help to reach. (c) Reactions: 1. Military law was imposed in entire Punjab. Many were imprisoned. 2. This led to discontent among the Indians. 3. Rabindranath Tagore gave away the title of 'Sir' given by the British. 4. As Indians demanded the enquiry, the British government appointed the Hunter Commission.
In simple words: The Jallianwala Baug Massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, when General Dyer ordered his troops to fire on unarmed civilians gathered for a peaceful meeting in Amritsar, violating a public assembly ban. This resulted in hundreds of deaths and injuries, sparking widespread outrage and leading to the imposition of military law and the appointment of the Hunter Commission.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you include the date, location, the key figure (General Dyer), the lack of warning, the casualties, and the immediate reactions such as Rabindranath Tagore renouncing his title and the demand for an inquiry.

 

Question 2. Give an account of the Non-co-operation.
Answer:1. According to Gandhiji, the British rule lasted in India only because of the co-operation extended by the Indians. 2. If the Indians withdraw this co-operation and adopt complete non co-operation then the British government will collapse. 3. With this intention, Gandhiji devised and executed Non-co-operation Movement. 4. The Indian National Congress passed the resolution of Non-co-operation Movement at its Nagpur session in 1920. 5. The reins of the movement was given in the hands of Gandhiji. 6. According to this resolution there would be :
(i) Boycott of government offices and courts,
(ii) Boycott of government schools and colleges,
(iii) Boycott of foreign goods and clothes. 7. Boycott and bonfire of foreign clothes was seen at several places and demonstration in front of shops selling such goods. 8. Motilal Nehru, Chittaranjan Das, etc. boycotted court by giving up their practice. 9. Schools and colleges imparting national education were started. 10. Elections were boycotted. 11. The movement spread from the planters in Assam to rail workers in Bengal.
In simple words: The Non-co-operation Movement, launched by Gandhiji in 1920 after a resolution at the Nagpur session, aimed to dismantle British rule by Indians withdrawing all cooperation. Its key features included boycotting government institutions, foreign goods, and elections, while promoting national education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Gandhiji's core philosophy behind the movement, the key resolutions passed at the Nagpur session, and the various forms of non-co-operation adopted, such as boycotts and promotion of national education.

 

Question 3. Do you feel that the nation still needs the constructive programme started by Mahatma Gandhi? Why?
Answer:- Gandhiji implemented the constructive programme along with Non-co-operation Movement. - It included Hindu-Muslim unity, prohibition of alcohol, removal of untouchability, etc. - In spite of completion of 70 years of independence, these problems still exist. - Communal and religious riots take place. It causes great loss of life and property. Therefore it is necessary to implement constructive programme in present times.
In simple words: Yes, the nation still needs Gandhiji's constructive program. Even after 70 years of independence, issues like communal disharmony, alcohol abuse, and social inequality persist, leading to societal problems and violence, which the program aimed to address for national well-being.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering this type of opinion-based question, clearly state your stance and support it with relevant points from Gandhiji's constructive program and current societal challenges.