Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Chapter 6 Beginning of Freedom Movement Solutions

Class 8 History Chapter 6 Beginning Of Freedom Movement Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Beginning Of Freedom Movement Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 6 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 History Chapter 6 Beginning Of Freedom Movement Textbook Questions And Answers

1. (A) Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

Question 1. The Servants of India Society was founded by
(a) Ganesh Vasudev Joshi
(b) Bhau Daji Lad
(c) M. G. Ranade
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: (d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
In simple words: The Servants of India Society, a prominent organization, was established by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the founder of key historical organizations for direct recall questions.

 

Question 2. The first session of Indian National Congress was held at
(a) Pune
(b) Mumbai
(c) Kolkata
(d) Lucknow
Answer: (b) Mumbai
In simple words: The inaugural meeting of the Indian National Congress took place in Mumbai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key historical event locations are frequently tested; ensure precise recall of the first session's venue.

 

Question 3. wrote Geeta Rahasya.
(a) Lokmanya Tilak
(b) Dadabhai Nowrojee
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Bipinchandra Pal
Answer: (a) Lokmanya Tilak
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak is credited with writing the influential book "Geeta Rahasya".

🎯 Exam Tip: Associating important literary works with their authors is crucial for historical context and direct questions.

B. Write The Names:

 

Question 1. Moderate leaders
(i) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(ii) Ferozshah Mehta
In simple words: Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Ferozshah Mehta were prominent figures among the moderate leaders of the Indian National Congress.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to identify and list key leaders from different factions within the freedom movement.

 

Question 2. Extremist leaders
(i) Lokmanya Tilak
(ii) Lala Lajpat Rai
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai were two influential leaders known for their extremist views in the Indian freedom struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between moderate and extremist leaders and their ideologies for analytical questions.

2. Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

 

Question 1. In the struggle for Independence, a sense of identity was awakened among the Indians.
Answer:
1. Western education familiarised the educated Indians with modern values such as liberty, equality, democracy and nationalism.
2. The Asiatic Society at Bengal edited and published hundreds of manuscripts in Sanskrit, Persian and other Indian languages.
3. The realization that India had a rich ancient heritage aroused the feeling of national pride. This gave a sense of identity to Indians.
In simple words: Western education introduced modern values and the rediscovery of ancient Indian heritage fostered a strong sense of national pride and identity among Indians, crucial for the independence movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the cause-and-effect relationship between Western education, historical revival, and the rise of national identity for comprehensive answers.

 

Question 2. Two groups were formed in the Congress.
Answer:
1. Though at a slow pace, the contribution of Indian National Congress was consistent in the initial stage. But the extremists felt to intensify the freedom struggle.
2. Moderates and Extremists were unanimous about the objectives of Congress. But they had differences regarding the methods/ways to achieve it.
3. The moderates insisted on constitutional measures whereas extremists wanted to adopt severe methods.
4. The tension between these groups increased during the Surat session in 1907. This led to the formation of two groups within the Congress.
In simple words: Differences in methods, with Moderates preferring constitutional means and Extremists advocating intense struggle, caused a split in the Congress, culminating at the Surat session in 1907.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the ideological and methodological differences between Moderates and Extremists, and the significance of the Surat Split.

 

Question 3. Lord Curzon decided to partition Bengal.
Answer:
1. Bengal was a large province. So under the pretext of administrative convenience, the province of Bengal was partitioned by Lord Curzon.
2. Accordingly, the Muslim-majority East Bengal and the Hindu-Majority West Bengal were created in 1905.
3. The real motive was to create a divide between the Hindus and the Muslims and thereby weaken the nationalist movement. The British used the Policy of 'Divide and Rule'.
In simple words: Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal under the guise of administrative efficiency, but the true aim was to divide Hindus and Muslims to weaken the growing nationalist movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the official reason versus the real motive behind the Partition of Bengal and its impact on the nationalist movement.

3. Write Short Notes:

 

Question 1. Objectives of the Indian National Congress:
Answer:The Indian National Congress was established in 1885 with the following objectives:
1. To bring together the people of India on a common platform.
2. To create a feeling of unity among them, irrespective of religion, race, language, geographical territories.
3. To provide opportunities to understand one another's problems and views.
4. To increase the feeling of unity among the people.
5. To take measures for the upliftment of the country.
In simple words: The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 to unite Indians from diverse backgrounds, foster national unity, enable mutual understanding of problems, and work for the country's overall upliftment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing the clear objectives of the Indian National Congress is key to understanding its foundational role in the freedom struggle.

 

Question 2. Anti Partition Movement:
Answer:
1. With the motive to create a divide between the Hindus and the Muslims, Lord Curzon divided the province of Bengal in the Muslim-majority East Bengal and the Hindu-majority West Bengal in 1905.
2. The day of partition, 16th October was observed as the 'National Mourning Day'.
3. All over India, protest meetings were organised to condemn the decision of the government.
4. Singing of Vande Mataram and Raksha-bandhan programmes were arranged to mark the protest.
5. Government-run schools and colleges were boycotted in large number by the students.
6. Sensing the intensity and severity of dissatisfaction the British annulled the Partition of Bengal.
In simple words: The Anti-Partition Movement strongly opposed Lord Curzon's division of Bengal, leading to widespread protests, boycotts, and symbolic acts like 'National Mourning Day', ultimately forcing the British to annul the partition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the various forms of protest and their collective impact that led to the annulment of the Partition of Bengal.

 

Question 3. Four Point Programme of the Indian National Congress:
Answer:In the session of 1906 of the Indian National Congress, the four-point programme was unanimously accepted.
1. Swadeshi: To make use of capital, resources, manpower in our country so that it becomes self-sufficient.
2. Boycott: It was decided to boycott foreign goods as a first step, and boycott of foreign rule be the next step. It would be an attack on the roots of British imperialism.
3. Swaraj: The final objective is to attain freedom.
4. National Education: To impart education which will create pride for the nation among people.
In simple words: The Four-Point Programme of the Indian National Congress in 1906 advocated Swadeshi for self-sufficiency, Boycott of foreign goods and rule, Swaraj as the ultimate goal of freedom, and National Education to instill national pride.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each of the four points – Swadeshi, Boycott, Swaraj, and National Education – and their significance as a cohesive strategy.

 

Question 4. Explain the background behind the establishment of Indian National Congress with the help of following points:
1. Centralisation of administration
2. Economic exploitation
3. Western education
4. Study of Ancient Indian History
5. Role of newspapers
Answer:The background behind the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885:
1. Centralisation of administration:
1. The uniform policies, identical reforms and equality before law brought the nation under one roof.
2. The network of roads and railways brought the people of India together.
3. It developed the feeling of unity among Indians.
2. Economic exploitation:
1. The economic exploitation of India through the imperialistic policies led to the drain of the Indian wealth to England.
2. Industries declined and the farmers became bankrupt.
3. Imposition of taxes on middle class and the exploitation of worker class by the capitalist led to growth of discontent.
3. Western education:
1. Western education familiarised the educated Indians with modern values and principles such as liberty, equality and democracy.
2. They accepted principles like rationalism, humanity and nationalism.
3. They realised that they can carry out work of the country by following them.
4. Study of Ancient Indian History:
1. The manuscripts in Sanskrit, Persian and many other languages were examined and research was published.
2. Many western Scholars started to study Indian culture.
3. The realisation that India had a rich ancient heritage aroused the feeling of national pride among Indians.
5. Role of newspapers:
1. Newspapers in English and vernacular languages carried articles criticising the policies of the government.
2. It led to social and political awakening.
In simple words: The Indian National Congress was established in 1885 due to factors like administrative centralization, economic exploitation, the spread of Western education, the resurgence of ancient Indian history studies, and the critical role of newspapers in fostering national unity and political awareness.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the background, ensure each point is elaborated with specific details that clearly link to the eventual formation of the Congress.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'भारत सेवक समाज' (Servants of India Society) के उद्देश्यों को दर्शाता है, जिसकी स्थापना गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले ने 1905 में की थी। इसके उद्देश्यों में देश के प्रति प्रेम जगाना, शिक्षा का प्रसार करना, सामाजिक सद्भाव बनाना, धर्म और जाति के बीच मतभेदों को मिटाना और निस्वार्थ सेवा का पाठ पढ़ाना शामिल था।

Class 8 History Chapter 6 Beginning Of Freedom Movement Additional Important Questions And Answers

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

 

Question 1. newspaper was a mouthpiece of extremist ideology in Bengal.
(a) Dnyanoday
(b) Dnyanprakash
(c) Amrit Bazar Patrika
(d) Kesari
Answer: (c) Amrit Bazar Patrika
In simple words: Amrit Bazar Patrika served as a prominent newspaper that voiced extremist ideologies in Bengal during the freedom struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing which newspapers represented different political ideologies is important for understanding media's role in the movement.

 

Question 2. declared to give responsible political system to India.
(a) Montague
(b) Morley
(c) Dalhousie
(d) Chelmsford
Answer: (a) Montague
In simple words: Montague was the one who declared the intention to introduce a responsible political system in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect key declarations or reforms with the British officials responsible for them.

 

Question 3. A committee under the leadership of met Governor-General Lord Minto.
(a) Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan
(b) Abdul Latif
(c) Baddrudin Tayyabji
(d) Aga Khan
Answer: (d) Aga Khan
In simple words: A committee led by Aga Khan met Governor-General Lord Minto.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding significant meetings and the leaders involved helps in tracing political developments.

 

Question 4. The Home Rule Movement was launched in against Colonialism.
(a) South Africa
(b) Ireland
(c) Scotland
(d) Switzerland
Answer: (b) Ireland
In simple words: The Home Rule Movement, a campaign for self-government, originated in Ireland as a protest against Colonialism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the international inspirations and parallels for movements within India's freedom struggle.

 

Question 5. was established in 1906.
(a) The Indian National Congress
(b) Moderate Party
(c) Extremist Party
(d) The Muslim League
Answer: (d) The Muslim League
In simple words: The Muslim League, a political organization, was founded in 1906.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key dates for the establishment of major political parties are important for timeline-based questions.

Identify The Wrong Pair And Correct It:

 

(1) The first President of Indian National Congress - Wyomesh Chandra Banerjee
(2) Assassinated Rand - The Chapekhar Brothers
(3) He pronounced the word Swaraj for the first time - Lokmanya Tilak
(4) The British officer who took initiative in forming the Indian National Congress. - Allen Octavian Hume
Answer:
Wrong Pair: He pronounced the word Swaraj for the first time. - Lokmanya Tilak
Corrected pair: He pronounced the word Swaraj for the first time - Dadabhai Nowrojee.
In simple words: The wrong pair identified is Lokmanya Tilak being credited with pronouncing 'Swaraj' for the first time; the correct historical figure for this statement is Dadabhai Nowrojee.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to historical accuracy, especially when attributing key statements or events to specific personalities.

Write The Names:

 

Question 1. They studied ancient Indian culture
(i) Dr. Bhau Daji Lad
(ii) Dr. R.G. Bhandarkar
In simple words: Dr. Bhau Daji Lad and Dr. R.G. Bhandarkar were notable scholars who dedicated their efforts to the study of ancient Indian culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying key scholars and their contributions to the study of Indian heritage can be important for cultural history questions.

 

Question 2. Leaders of Home Rule Movement
(i) Dr. Annie Besant
(ii) Lokmanya Tilak.
In simple words: Dr. Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak were the principal leaders who spearheaded the Home Rule Movement in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the prominent leaders associated with major movements like the Home Rule Movement.

Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence Each:

 

Question 1. Which institute was established to study ancient Indian culture?
Answer: The Asiatic Society was established in Bengal to study ancient Indian culture.
In simple words: The Asiatic Society, founded in Bengal, was dedicated to researching and preserving ancient Indian culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the names of important historical institutions and their primary objectives.

 

Question 2. Which were the mediums initially used by the extremist leaders to create political awakening?
Answer: The extremist leaders initially used the mediums of newspapers, national education and national festivals.
In simple words: Extremist leaders used newspapers, national education, and national festivals as primary tools to foster political awareness among the masses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the communication strategies of different political factions is important for short answer questions.

 

Question 3. What was the objective of the extremist leaders in founding the educational institutions?
Answer: The extremist leaders established educational institutions for creating a generation which will have concern for their own language and tradition.
In simple words: Extremist leaders founded educational institutions to cultivate a generation deeply rooted in their language and cultural traditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the cultural and nationalistic goals behind the educational initiatives of the extremists.

 

Question 4. Who led the Anti Partition Movement?
Answer: Surendranath Banerjee, Anand Mohan Bose, Rabindranath Tagore and such other leaders led the Anti-Partition Movement.
In simple words: The Anti-Partition Movement was spearheaded by prominent figures including Surendranath Banerjee, Anand Mohan Bose, and Rabindranath Tagore.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing multiple key leaders for significant movements demonstrates comprehensive knowledge.

 

Question 5. How did Tilak criticise the Montague-Chelmsford Act?
Answer: Lokmanya Tilak criticised the Moptague-Chelmsford Act in the following words, "This is neither Swaraj nor its foundation."
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak dismissed the Montague-Chelmsford Act, stating that it offered neither complete self-rule (Swaraj) nor a basis for its establishment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Quoting specific, famous criticisms or statements from leaders adds weight to your answer.

 

Question 6. What did Lokmanya Tilak firmly state?
Answer: Lokmanya firmly stated that "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it."
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak famously declared, "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it," asserting the inherent right to self-rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorizing iconic quotes of freedom fighters is highly valuable for historical essays and direct questions.

Complete The Graphical Presentation:

 

Question 1. Complete the graphical presentation:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख स्वतंत्रता से पहले सरकार की नीतियों की आलोचना करने वाले समाचार पत्रों को दर्शाता है। इसमें 'अमृत बाजार पत्रिका', 'हिंदू', 'दर्पण', 'प्रभाकर', 'मराठा' और 'केसरी' जैसे समाचार पत्र शामिल हैं, जिन्होंने ब्रिटिश नीतियों के खिलाफ जनमत बनाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to identify and list newspapers that played a crucial role in shaping public opinion against British policies before independence.

 

Question 2. Complete the graphical presentation:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख लोकमान्य तिलक द्वारा राष्ट्रीय त्योहारों के आयोजन के उद्देश्यों को दर्शाता है। इन उद्देश्यों में आंतरिक मतभेदों को सुलझाना, एकजुट होना, विचारों का आदान-प्रदान करना, जन जागरूकता पैदा करना और आम लोगों को राष्ट्रीय हस्तियों के योगदान से प्रेरणा प्राप्त करने में मदद करना शामिल था।

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the strategic importance of national festivals, as envisioned by leaders like Tilak, in unifying people and fostering nationalist sentiment.

 

Question 3. Complete the graphical presentation:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के चार-सूत्री कार्यक्रम को दर्शाता है, जिसमें 'स्वराज', 'स्वदेशी', 'राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा' और 'बहिष्कार' शामिल थे। ये कार्यक्रम भारत की स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के दौरान महत्वपूर्ण रणनीतिक उपकरण थे।

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to accurately recall and explain the four components of the Indian National Congress's crucial four-fold program.

Explain The Concept:

 

Question 1. Moderates:
Answer:
1. The Moderates were the leaders who wanted to carry out nationalistic movement within the constitutional methods and peaceful means.
2. The leaders were realistic and highly educated and had faith in the justice of the British.
3. They had hope that if they place their demands in constitutional manner the British will give justice to their demands.
4. They were aware that a strong foundation needs to be built through organised work.
5. The philosophy and principles of western thinkers like liberalism, freedom, equality, fraternity influenced them.
In simple words: Moderates were early nationalist leaders who believed in achieving reforms through constitutional methods, petitioning the British government, and were influenced by Western liberal ideals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the Moderates' approach – constitutionalism, faith in British justice, and their intellectual influences – to distinguish them from other factions.

 

Question 2. Extremists:
Answer:
1. The leaders of the Indian National Congress who advocated intensification of the struggle to attain freedom were known as Extremists.
2. Moderates and Extremists were unanimous about the objectives of Congress. The Extremists had no faith in the constitutional methods of the Moderates.
3. According to Extremists, freedom will be attained only if lakhs of people participated in the freedom movement and challenge the British government.
In simple words: Extremists were leaders within the Indian National Congress who believed in intensifying the struggle for freedom through mass participation and direct challenges to British rule, rejecting the Moderates' constitutional approach.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the key differences in ideology and methodology between Extremists and Moderates, focusing on the Extremists' emphasis on mass action and self-reliance.

Write Short Notes:

 

Question 1. First session of Indian National Congress:
Answer:
1. The founding session of the Indian National Congress took place on 28th December, 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit school in Mumbai.
2. It was presided by Wyomesh Chandra Banerjee, a renowned lawyer from Kolkata.
3. It was attended by seventy-two delegates from different provinces of India.
4. Allan Octavian Hume took the initiative in establishing of the Indian National Congress.
5. Increase in the number of Indians in the administration, reduction in military expenditure were the demands placed before the British government.
In simple words: The first session of the Indian National Congress was held on December 28, 1885, in Mumbai, presided over by W.C. Banerjee, with Allan Octavian Hume playing a key role in its establishment, aiming to voice demands for greater Indian participation in administration and reduced military spending.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the date, location, president, and key demands of the first Indian National Congress session for factual accuracy.

 

Question 2. Servants of India Society:
Answer:
1. Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in 1905.
2. Its main objectives were:
• to create love for the country.
• teach them sacrifice of self-interest.
• no differentiation on the basis of caste and religion.
• to create social harmony.
• to spread education.
In simple words: Founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905, the Servants of India Society aimed to foster patriotism, promote self-sacrifice, eliminate caste/religious discrimination, create social harmony, and spread education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand both the founder and the multi-faceted objectives of the Servants of India Society, covering social, educational, and patriotic aims.

 

Question 3. The Lucknow Pact:
Answer:
1. An attempt was made under the leadership of Lokmanya Tilak to resolve differences in the Indian National Congress at its Lucknow session in 1916.
2. In the same year, there was an agreement between Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, known as the Lucknow Pact.
3. According to this Pact, Indian National Congress agreed to separate electorate for Muslims.
4. In return, the Muslim League agreed to support the Indian National Congress in its work for getting political rights to India.
In simple words: The Lucknow Pact of 1916, facilitated by Lokmanya Tilak, was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League where the Congress accepted separate electorates for Muslims in exchange for the League's support for political rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the key provisions and the significance of the Lucknow Pact as a temporary alliance between the Congress and the Muslim League.

Explain The Following Statements With Reasons

Question 1. A feeling of nationalism developed among the IndiAnswer:
Answer: 1. The British established a centralised administration in India and applied uniform policies all over the country. 2. They also laid down the principle of equality before law. 3. They introduced the modern means of transport and communication. 4. It benefited Indians as well. This made possible for the people living in different parts of India to establish contact with one another. This factors developed a feeling of nationalism among the Indians.
In simple words: A centralized administration, uniform laws, and improved transport by the British allowed Indians from different regions to connect and interact, fostering a shared sense of identity and ultimately, nationalism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how British administrative and infrastructural changes, though colonial in intent, inadvertently unified Indians and contributed to nationalist sentiments for higher scores.

 

Question 2. Lokmanya was imprisoned in 1897.
Answer: 1. In 1897, hundreds of people died in Pune due to the epidemic of Plague. 2. An officer name Rand was appointed to bring the epidemic under control. 3. He started a search campaign to find Plague patients and adopted oppressive measures. 4. To avenge this cruel and oppressive treatment meted out to people, the Chapekar brothers assassinated him. 5. An unsuccessful attempt was made by the government to connect Lokmanya Tilak with this conspiracy. 6. When they failed in their attempt, they imprisoned him with revenge.
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak was imprisoned in 1897 after the Chapekar brothers assassinated officer Rand, who used oppressive methods during the Pune plague epidemic. The British government, failing to link Tilak directly to the conspiracy, imprisoned him out of vengeance.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining historical events like imprisonments, provide the context (e.g., plague, oppressive measures) and the immediate cause (assassination) along with the government's motive (revenge) for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 3. The National Congress split at its Surat session in 1907.
Answer: 1. The differences between the moderates and the extremists reached a climax in 1907. 2. The moderates wanted to keep aside the resolution of Swadeshi and Boycott which was thwarted by the extremists. 3. Some moderate leaders blamed the extremist leaders for trying to capture the Indian National Congress. 4. It became impossible to arrive at a compromise between both the groups. As a result the Indian National Congress split at its Surat session in 1907.
In simple words: The Indian National Congress split in 1907 at the Surat session due to escalating differences between Moderates and Extremists, particularly over the Swadeshi and Boycott resolutions, and the Moderates' accusation that Extremists sought to seize control of the Congress.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the ideological clash between Moderates and Extremists regarding methods (constitutional vs. severe) and specific issues (Swadeshi/Boycott resolution) to explain the Surat Split effectively.

 

Question 4. The charge of sedition was put on Lokmanya Tilak.
Answer: 1. There was wide protest against the partition of Bengal throughout the country. 2. With a view to restrain the anti-partition movements government resorted to many suppressive measures. 3. Strict action was taken against extremists leaders which caused severe reactions in Bengal. 4. The revolutionaries adopted means of firing and bomb blasts which was advocated by Lokmanya Tilak through his newspaper Kesari. Therefore, the charge of sedition was put on Lokmanya Tilak by the British government for which he was sent to Mandalay jail for 6 years.
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak was charged with sedition and imprisoned for 6 years because his newspaper, Kesari, advocated revolutionary methods like bomb blasts amidst widespread protests against the Partition of Bengal, which the British government suppressed aggressively.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect Tilak's journalistic activities (Kesari) with the revolutionary sentiment and the government's suppressive response to the Anti-Partition Movement to explain the sedition charge.

 

Question 5. The government passed the Morley-Minto Act.
Answer: 1. The economic policies of the British increased poverty in India. 2. It created dissatisfaction in the minds of the people against British rule. 3. The oppressive measures adopted by Lord Curzon to suppress the protest of partition of Bengal, exclusion of educated Indians in government services and the unjust treatment towards Indians in Africa all this added to the dissatisfaction among the IndiAnswer: 4. Morley-Minto reforms were passed by the British government as a temporary remedy to calm discontent among the IndiAnswer:
In simple words: The British government passed the Morley-Minto Act as a temporary measure to appease widespread discontent among Indians, stemming from economic exploitation, oppressive policies during the Bengal Partition, exclusion from government services, and racial discrimination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that the Morley-Minto Act was a response to growing Indian dissatisfaction, acting as a "temporary remedy" rather than a fundamental change in British policy.

 

Question 6. The Montague-Chelmsford Act disappointed the people of India.
Answer: The Montague-Chelmsford Act disappointed the people of India, because 1. The British Government had declared its intention to gradually grant the right to self-rule and responsible government in 1917. 2. In 1919, the British Parliament passed an act to bring constitutional reforms in India. 3. According to the Act, less important departments were transferred to Indian ministers and important departments like Finance, Home affairs and Revenue was kept with the Governor. 4. Thus, it belied the hope that the Act would lay foundation of responsible government in India and disappointed the people.
In simple words: The Montague-Chelmsford Act disappointed Indians because, despite promises of self-rule, it transferred only minor departments to Indian ministers while retaining control of crucial portfolios like Finance and Home Affairs with the Governor, failing to establish genuine responsible government.

🎯 Exam Tip: To explain the disappointment, clearly articulate the disparity between the British government's declared intentions of self-rule and the limited, unsatisfactory reforms actually implemented by the Act.

Answer The Following Questions In 25-30 Words:

 

Question 1. What realisation led to the emergence of a political organisation on all India level?
Answer: 1. English educated Indians were instrumental to bring about Renaissance. 2. They launched reform movements in social, political, religious, economic and cultural field in different parts of the country. 3. The political organisations in different parts of the country formed during various movements felt the need to create a political organisation on an all India level having common goal. 4. It was necessary to bring together groups and people who had political awareness. 5. It was necessary to draw attention of the people towards questions of the nation. This led to the emergence of a political organization on an all India level.
In simple words: Educated Indians, having initiated reform movements and various regional political organizations, realized the critical need for a unified, all-India political body to bring together diverse groups, focus national attention on common issues, and collectively pursue shared goals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the keywords "unified political body," "common goal," and "national questions" to highlight the core reasons for the emergence of an all-India political organization.

 

Question 2. State the impact of imperialistic policy of the British on India.
Answer: 1. The economic exploitation of India through the imperialistic policies led to the drain of the Indian wealth to England. 2. The compulsion to grow cash crops, burden of land taxes and recurring famines made conditions of farmers miserable. All these broke the backbone of the Indian agriculture. 3. With the decline of traditional industries, there was increase in unemployment. 4. The workers were exploited by the capitalists. 5. The middle class suffered due to imposition of various new taxes. This was the impact of the British imperialist policy which led to discontent among the IndiAnswer:
In simple words: British imperialistic policies resulted in India's economic exploitation, draining wealth to England, ruining agriculture through cash crop demands and heavy taxes, causing industrial decline and unemployment, exploiting workers, and burdening the middle class with new taxes, all leading to widespread discontent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Summarize the economic consequences across different sectors (agriculture, industry, classes) to effectively describe the impact of British imperialistic policy.

 

Question 3. State the impact of western education?
Answer: 1. Due to spread of western education, new ideas like Justice, Liberty, Equality, Democracy, etc. were introduced to the IndiAnswer: 2. The young Indians imbibed the values like rationalism, humanity, nationalism and scientific attitude. 3. They developed a feeling that they could carry out the work of the country. 4. English became the new medium of communication.
In simple words: Western education introduced Indians to modern concepts like justice, liberty, and democracy, fostering rationalism and nationalism. It instilled confidence in them to work for their country and established English as a common communication medium.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on both the conceptual shifts (new ideas, values) and practical changes (medium of communication) brought by Western education for a complete answer.

 

Question 4. What message did Dadabhai Nowrojee give at the session of Congress in 1906?
Answer: At the session of the Indian National Congress in 1906, Dadabhai Nowrojee pronounced the word 'Swaraj' for the first time. He gave the message 1. to remain united. 2. try sincerely and fulfill the aim of Swaraj so that those who are poor, hungry and having diseases could be saved, 3. India to get respectable position among the developed countries.
In simple words: In 1906, Dadabhai Nowrojee first declared 'Swaraj' and urged Indians to remain united, work diligently to achieve self-rule to alleviate poverty and suffering, and elevate India to a respectable global standing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the introduction of 'Swaraj' and connect it to the three core tenets of his message: unity, upliftment of the poor, and global respect for India.

 

Question 5. Write about the process of formation of Muslim League.
Answer: 1. The British got very disturbed by the overwhelming public response to the Indian National Congress in the anti-partition movement. 2. They once again resorted to the policy of 'Divide and rule'. 3. Many British officers suggested that a separate political organisation was necessary to safeguard the interests of the Muslims. 4. Due to motivation of British government, under the leadership of Aga Khan a committee of upper-class Muslims met Governor-General Lord Minto. 5. Thus, encouraged by Lord Minto and other British officers, the Muslim League was formed in 1906.
In simple words: The Muslim League was formed in 1906, primarily driven by the British government's 'Divide and Rule' policy. Disturbed by the growing strength of the Indian National Congress, British officers, including Lord Minto, encouraged upper-class Muslims led by Aga Khan to establish a separate organization to safeguard Muslim interests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the "Divide and Rule" policy and British encouragement as key factors, along with the leadership of Aga Khan, in the formation of the Muslim League.

 

Question 6. What were the provisions of Morley-Minto Act?
Answer: 1. The Morley-Minto Act of 1909 provided for increase of the number of Indian members in the legislatures and the inclusion of some elected Indian members. 2. It created separate electorates for the Indian Muslims.
In simple words: The Morley-Minto Act of 1909 increased Indian representation in legislatures, including some elected members, but critically, it introduced separate electorates for Indian Muslims, a move that sowed seeds of division.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the two main provisions – increased Indian representation and the controversial introduction of separate electorates for Muslims – to accurately describe the Morley-Minto Act.

 

Question 7. What is Responsive Cooperation?
Answer: 1. India had to face the brunt of First World War which led to growing dissatisfaction among people. 2. To curb their dissatisfaction and get cooperation, Montague, the Secretary of State for India, declared in 1917 that Britain would gradually grant the right to self-rule and a responsible government to India., 3. Lokmanya Tilak declared that if the British Government showed sympathy and a considerate attitude to the demands of the people then the people of India would cooperate with the government. This is called 'Responsive Cooperation'.
In simple words: 'Responsive Cooperation' was Lokmanya Tilak's policy stating that Indians would cooperate with the British government only if it demonstrated sympathy and consideration for their demands, particularly for self-rule, as promised by Montague amidst widespread dissatisfaction after World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define Responsive Cooperation as a conditional cooperation from Indians based on British government's empathetic response to demands for self-rule, linking it to the post-WWI context.

Write Answer In Details:

 

Question 1. Give a brief account of the work of Extremist leaders in India's freedom struggle.
Answer: 1. Extremist leaders Lokmanya Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai advocated intensification of the struggle since the British did not respond to the petitions and appeals. 2.) Initially, they used the mediums of newspapers, national festivals and national education to bring about political awakening. 3. They formed educational institutions to sow the seeds of nationalism in society and to create a generation which will show concern about their language and tradition. 4. Lokmanya Tilak severely criticised the suppressive policies or the British through the newspapers like 'Kesari' and 'Maratha'. 5. Lokmanya Tilak started Ganesh Utsav and Shiv Jayanti to bring people together. 6. The leaders did not adopt the means of armed revolution but insisted on extensive agitations. 7. Swaraj, Swadeshi, National Education and Boycott was the four-point ' programme accepted. 8. The Moderates laid the foundation of freedom struggle and the Extremists carried it forward.
In simple words: Extremist leaders like Tilak, Pal, and Rai intensified the freedom struggle, using newspapers, national festivals, and education to awaken political consciousness. They criticized British policies through publications like 'Kesari' and 'Maratha', organized Ganesh Utsav and Shiv Jayanti for unity, and championed a four-point program of Swaraj, Swadeshi, National Education, and Boycott.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score well, mention key extremist leaders, their methods (newspapers, festivals, education), specific examples (Kesari, Ganesh Utsav), and the four-point program as their core contributions.

 

Question 3. Which measures were taken by the : British government to suppress the Anti-Partition Movement?
Answer: The British government adopted following measures to suppress the anti-partition movement: 1. The public meetings were banned. 2. Strict punishment was given to those who broke the law. 3. Even school children were beaten up. 4. Many restrictions were imposed on the newspapers. 5. The British confiscated many printing/presses on false ground of criticising the ; government. 6. Writers and editors were imprisoned. 7. Strict actions were taken against many extremist leaders. 8. Lokmanya Tilak was sent to Mandalay jail at Myanmar for 6 years on the charge of sedition. 9. Bipin Chandra Pal was sent to jail and Lala Lajpat Rai was deported out of Punjab.
In simple words: To suppress the Anti-Partition Movement, the British government banned public meetings, harshly punished law-breakers, beat school children, restricted and confiscated newspapers, imprisoned writers and editors, and took severe action against extremist leaders, notably jailing Lokmanya Tilak for sedition and deporting Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Enumerate the various forms of repression (legal bans, physical force, media control, imprisonment/deportation of leaders) to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of British suppressive tactics.

Identify The Picture And Write About His Contribution To The Freedom Struggle.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र बाल गंगाधर तिलक (लोकमान्य तिलक) का एक ब्लैक एंड व्हाइट पोर्ट्रेट है। इसमें वह पारंपरिक भारतीय टोपी और मूँछों के साथ गंभीरता से कैमरे की ओर देखते हुए दिखाई दे रहे हैं। यह एक प्रतिष्ठित ऐतिहासिक व्यक्तित्व का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है जिन्होंने भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई थी।

 

Answer: 1. The Above picture is of Lokmanya Tilak. 2. He started the newspapers Kesari and Maratha. 3. He started festivals like Ganesh Utsav and Shiv Jayanti for people to come together and get inspiration from contribution of national personalities. 4. The bomb attacks by the revolutionary was advocated through newspaper Kesari and Maratha. 5. Due to this, he was charged with sedition and put in Mandalay jail for 6 years. 6. When he was in Mandalay prison he wrote Geetarahasya which advocated philosophy of Karmayoga and stressed upon the people to always remain in action. 7. An attempt was made under his leadership to resolve differences between two groups in the Indian National Congress in its session of 1916. 8. He started the Home Rule Movement along with Dr. Annie Besant. 9. He travelled in different parts of India so that the demand for self government reach the common man. 10. He firmly declared, 'Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it.' 11. He criticised the Montague Chelmsford Reform Act when it failed to fulfill the demand of responsible government.
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak, a prominent freedom fighter, used his newspapers 'Kesari' and 'Maratha' to advocate nationalism and revolutionary ideas, leading to his imprisonment where he wrote 'Geetarahasya'. He also initiated festivals like Ganesh Utsav to unite people, famously declared "Swaraj is my birthright," led the Home Rule Movement, and criticized inadequate British reforms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Tilak's key contributions: his journalistic work ('Kesari', 'Maratha'), cultural initiatives (Ganesh Utsav), political slogans ('Swaraj is my birthright'), role in Home Rule Movement, and criticism of British Acts for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 4. Do you feel the four-fold programme implemented by Indian National Congress needs to be implemented even today? Why?
Answer: In the pre-independence period, Indian National Congress implemented the four-fold programme of Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott and National education. The programme needs to be implemented today but with slight changes. 1. Swaraj: Today we have political freedom but we lack good Governance. Common man, farmer, women and the backward classes still suffer. 2. Swadeshi: In the world of Globalisation, goods from other countries have entered Indian markets. It is necessary for the Indian industries to implement programme of Swadeshi to sustain. 3. Boycott: It is not possible to boycott foreign goods but we should insist on indigenous goods wherever possible. 4. National education: Schools in India impart education catering to different needs and ideologies but they fall short to create national pride and imparting character training.
In simple words: Yes, the four-fold program (Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education) remains relevant today, though with modifications. 'Swaraj' now means achieving good governance, 'Swadeshi' means promoting indigenous industries in a globalized market, 'Boycott' means prioritizing local goods, and 'National Education' means fostering national pride and character alongside academic learning.

🎯 Exam Tip: When addressing contemporary relevance, clearly define how each point of the original program needs to be reinterpreted or adapted to modern contexts while retaining its core spirit.