Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Chapter 5 Social and Religious Reforms Solutions

Class 8 History Chapter 5 Social And Religious Reforms Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Social And Religious Reforms Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 5 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 History Chapter 5 Social And Religious Reforms Textbook Questions And Answers

1. Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

(Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan, Maharshi Dhondo Karve, Abdul Latif, Swami Vivekananda, Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde)

 

Question 1. .......... established the Ramkrishna Mission.
Answer: Swami Vivekananda
In simple words: Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission to spread the teachings of his guru, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, focusing on spiritual growth and humanitarian service.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the founder of the Ramkrishna Mission as a direct association for quick recall in objective questions.

 

Question 2. The Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental College was established by...............
Answer: Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan
In simple words: Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan established the Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental College to provide modern education to the Muslim community, blending Western and Islamic teachings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan with the Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental College (later Aligarh Muslim University) to score well on questions about Muslim education reform.

 

Question 3. The Depressed Classes Mission was founded by ....................
Answer: Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde
In simple words: Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde founded the Depressed Classes Mission with the goal of uplifting and providing education and support to the marginalized communities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde as the founder of the Depressed Classes Mission when asked about social reforms for backward classes.

 

2. Complete The Following Table:

Question 1.

Name of social reformer	Organisation	Newspaper / Book	Work of the organisation
Raja Rammohan Roy	...............	Samvad Kaumudi	...............
...............	Arya Samaj	...............	...............
Mahatma Phule	...............	Gulamgiri	...............

 

Answer:

Name of the reformer	Organisation	Newspaper/ Book	Work of the organisation
Raja Rammohan Roy	Brahmo Samaj	Samvad Kaumudi	(1) Monotheism, caste and class equality. He advocated prayers in place of rituals for the worship of God. (2) He opposed child marriage, sati and purdah system. (3) He advocated widow remarriage and female education.
Dayanand Saraswati	Arya Samaj	Satyarth Prakash	(1) He opposed casteism and advocated greater gender equality. (2) Propagated Vedic religion. (3) 'Go Back to the Vedas' was the slogan of Arya Samaj. (4) Arya Samaj was instrumental in establishing many educational institutions.
Mahatma Phule	Satya Shodhak Samaj	'Brahmananche Kasab', 'Gulamgiri,' 'Shetkaryacha Asud' and 'Sarvajanik Satya Dharma'.	(1) Inculcated the values of social equality and justice. (2) Protested against Untouchability. (3) He opposed caste discrimination and criticised the traditions and customs which discriminated between man and woman.

In simple words: This table highlights key social reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy, Dayanand Saraswati, and Mahatma Phule, detailing their organizations, notable publications, and primary contributions to social, religious, and educational reforms in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the pairings of reformers, their organizations, and key works to effectively answer matching or table-completion questions, as these are foundational aspects of the chapter.

 

3. Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

Question 1. The social and religious reform movement began in India.
Answer:1. With the spread of English education in India, there was spread of new ideas, new thoughts, new philosophy. 2. Indians got introduced to western thoughts and culture. 3. They wanted to create a society based on principles of Humanity, Equality and Fraternity. 4. They realised that the flaws like superstitions, casteism, old customs, class system and lack of critical outlook is responsible for the backwardness of India. 5. This association was responsible for social and religious reform in India.
In simple words: The reform movement started in India due to exposure to Western education and ideas, which made educated Indians realize the need to eradicate social evils like superstitions and casteism to achieve a progressive society based on humanitarian values.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the reasons, focus on the impact of English education and Western thought, coupled with the recognition of internal social flaws, as the primary drivers for the reform movement.

 

Question 2. Mahatma Phule conducted a strike of Barbers.
Answer:1. There was a custom of Keshavapan, i.e. shaving head of widows in India. 2. In order to oppose this unjust custom, Mahatma Phule conducted a strike of Barbers.
In simple words: Mahatma Phule organized a strike among barbers to protest the cruel practice of 'Keshavapan,' where widows' heads were shaved, aiming to challenge and end this dehumanizing custom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight 'Keshavapan' as the specific unjust custom and the barbers' strike as Mahatma Phule's direct action to challenge it, demonstrating his practical approach to social reform.

 

4. Write Short Note:

Question 1. Ramkrishna Mission :
Answer:1. Swami Vivekananda, a close disciple of Ramkrishna Paramhansa, founded the Ramkrishna Mission in 1897. 2. The mission carried out social work like providing help to famine-stricken people, patients and gave medical help to the poor and worked for female education. 3. It taught people service to humanity is a true religion and worked towards spiritual progress of the people.
In simple words: The Ramakrishna Mission, founded by Swami Vivekananda, focused on spiritual development through selfless service, providing aid to the needy, promoting education, and embodying the principle of humanity as true religion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the mission's dual focus on spiritual upliftment and practical social service, including education and medical aid, as its core contributions.

 

Question 2. Reforms for women by Savitribai Phule:
Answer:1. Savitribai Phule, wife of Mahatma Phule, advocated women's education along with him. 2. She supported her husband in his efforts to start first school for girls at Bhide Wada in Pune. 3. She continued her work in the field of education though she faced severe criticism from the society. 4. She put great efforts in women reform movement which resulted in putting an end to many unjust practices.
In simple words: Savitribai Phule, a pioneering woman reformer, tirelessly championed women's education, establishing the first girls' school in Pune and enduring social opposition to uplift women and end oppressive customs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Savitribai Phule's groundbreaking role in establishing girls' education, her perseverance against social criticism, and her broader efforts in the women's reform movement.

Do You Know?

Renaissance In Other Fields/Areas :

Sr. No.	Field/Area	Changes/Progress
1.	Literature	1) Stories and novels dealt with the themes related with social reforms. Writing by women authors. 2) Newspapers and magazines became the carriers of social reform and political awakening.
2.	Art	1) Music became people-oriented. 2) Traditional Indian style of painting was combined with western techniques.
3.	Science	1) Writing of books on science emphasized scientific outlook. 2) People realised the importance of experimentation and scientific outlook for progress.

In simple words: The Indian Renaissance brought about significant changes across literature, art, and science, with literature focusing on social reform and women writers, art blending Indian and Western styles, and science promoting a rational, experimental outlook for national progress.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the Renaissance, remember to cite examples from different fields like literature (social themes, women authors), art (fusion of styles), and science (scientific outlook, experimentation) to showcase a comprehensive understanding.

Project:

Question 1. Organise an essay competition on the topic 'Education of women'.

 

Question 2. Collect the paragraphs of social reformers.

 

Class 8 History Chapter 5 Social And Religious Reforms Additional Important Questions And Answers

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

(Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan, Maharshi Dhondo Karve, Abdul Latif, Swami Vivekananda, Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde)

 

Question 1. Through the efforts of ............ first women's university was set up in the 20th century.
Answer: Maharshi Dhondo Karve
In simple words: Maharshi Dhondo Karve was instrumental in establishing India's first women's university, pioneering higher education opportunities for women in the 20th century.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link Maharshi Dhondo Karve directly to the establishment of the first women's university for questions on women's education pioneers.

 

Question 2. ............ established The Mohammedan Literary Society in Bengal.
Answer: Abdul Latif.
In simple words: Abdul Latif founded The Mohammedan Literary Society in Bengal to promote education and modern thought among the Muslim community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Abdul Latif as the founder of The Mohammedan Literary Society for questions related to Muslim social and educational reform in Bengal.

 

Name The Following :

Question 1. He founded Hindu College at Kolkata.
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
In simple words: Raja Rammohan Roy was a key figure in the establishment of Hindu College in Kolkata, an institution aimed at providing modern education in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Raja Rammohan Roy with the founding of Hindu College to demonstrate knowledge of early modern educational initiatives.

 

Question 2. First president of Prarthana Samaj.
Answer: Dr. Atmaram Pandurang Tarkhadkar
In simple words: Dr. Atmaram Pandurang Tarkhadkar served as the first president of the Prarthana Samaj, a prominent reform society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify Dr. Atmaram Pandurang Tarkhadkar as the first president of Prarthana Samaj for questions on the leadership of early reform movements.

 

Question 3. 'Go Back to the Vedas' was the slogan of this Institution.
Answer: Arya Samaj
In simple words: The Arya Samaj, founded by Dayanand Saraswati, used the slogan 'Go Back to the Vedas' to advocate for a return to what they believed were the pure principles of ancient Vedic religion, free from later dogmas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the slogan 'Go Back to the Vedas', directly connect it to the Arya Samaj and its founder, Dayanand Saraswati, as a crucial identifier.

 

Question 4. He represented Hinduism at the Parliament of Religions at Chicago in 1893.
Answer: Swami Vivekananda.
In simple words: Swami Vivekananda famously represented Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893, introducing Indian philosophies to the Western world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Swami Vivekananda's impactful speech at the 1893 Chicago Parliament of Religions as a significant event in global religious dialogue.

 

Identify The Wrong Pair:

Reformer	Work
(1) Dadoba Pandurang Tarkhadkar	Established Paramhansa Sabha
(2) Abdul Latif	The Mohammedan Literary Society
(3) Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar	Founded Hindu Mahasabha
(4) V. D. Savarkar	Built Patit Pavan temple at Ratnagiri

 

Answer:Wrong pair: Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar - Founded Hindu Mahasabha Corrected pair: Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar - founded Rashtriya Swayam- Sevak Sangh.
In simple words: The incorrect pair is Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar with 'Founded Hindu Mahasabha'; he actually founded the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the founders and their respective organizations; ensure you correctly differentiate between figures like Dr. Hedgewar and the organizations they founded versus those they were merely associated with.

 

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

Question 1. Raja Rammohan Roy helped Governor General ......... to pass the Sati Prohibition Act.
(a) Lord Wellesley
(b) Lord Bentinck
(c) Robert Clive
(d) Lord Cornwallis
Answer: (b) Lord Bentinck
In simple words: Raja Rammohan Roy collaborated with Governor General Lord William Bentinck to pass the Sati Prohibition Act, outlawing the practice of Sati in British India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical events like the Sati Prohibition Act, it's crucial to remember both the key social reformer (Raja Rammohan Roy) and the governmental authority (Lord Bentinck) involved.

 

Question 2. Gopal Ganesh Agarkar gave his staunch opinion about child marriage, law of consent in his newspaper ............
(a) Maratha
(b) Darpan
(c) Sudharak
(d) Dnyanoday
Answer: (c) Sudharak
In simple words: Gopal Ganesh Agarkar expressed his strong views on child marriage and the age of consent through his newspaper, 'Sudharak', advocating for social reform.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link Gopal Ganesh Agarkar with his newspaper 'Sudharak' when discussing his views on child marriage and the law of consent to score accurately.

 

Question 3. ............ started the Nursing Course for Women through Seva Sadan Institute.
(a) Tarabai Shinde
(b) Ramabai Ranade
(c) Savitribai Phule
(d) Pandita Ramabai
Answer: (b) Ramabai Ranade
In simple words: Ramabai Ranade initiated a nursing course for women through the Seva Sadan Institute, contributing significantly to women's professional education and healthcare.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect Ramabai Ranade to the Seva Sadan Institute and the pioneering of nursing courses for women for questions on women's vocational education.

 

Question 4. ............ continued tradition of reformation in Sikh religion.
(a) Singh Sabha
(b) Akali movement
(c) Arya Samaj
(d) Prarthana Samaj
Answer: (b) Akali movement
In simple words: The Akali movement played a crucial role in continuing the tradition of reform within the Sikh religion, focusing on religious purity and political rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between general reform movements and those specific to religious communities, associating the Akali movement with Sikh religious reform.

 

Question 5. Lokhitwadi advocated gender equality through his writings in ............
(a) Sudharak
(b) Kesari
(c) Shatpatre
(d) Darpan
Answer: (c) Shatpatre
In simple words: Gopal Hari Deshmukh, known as Lokhitwadi, passionately advocated for gender equality through his influential series of essays called 'Shatpatre'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about Lokhitwadi's views on gender equality, remember to cite 'Shatpatre' as his primary written contribution.

 

Do As Directed:

Complete The Concept Map:

Question 1.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र महात्मा फुले द्वारा लिखित पुस्तकों को दर्शाने वाला एक अधूरा संकल्पना मानचित्र है, जिसमें 'Books written by Mahatma Phule' शीर्षक के नीचे दो खाली बक्से हैं, जो छात्रों को उनकी प्रमुख कृतियों को भरने के लिए प्रेरित करता है।

 

Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र महात्मा फुले द्वारा लिखित पुस्तकों को दर्शाने वाला एक पूर्ण संकल्पना मानचित्र है, जिसमें 'Books written by Mahatma Phule' शीर्षक के नीचे 'Brahmananche Kasab', 'Gulamgiri', 'Shetkaryacha Asud' और 'Sarvajanik Satya Dharma' जैसी उनकी प्रमुख कृतियां दर्शाई गई हैं।

 

Question 2.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र ब्रह्म समाज के सिद्धांतों को दर्शाने वाला एक अधूरा संकल्पना मानचित्र है, जिसमें 'Principles of Brahmo Samaj' शीर्षक के साथ जुड़े चार खाली बक्से हैं, जो छात्रों को समाज के मुख्य विचारों को भरने के लिए प्रेरित करता है।

 

Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र ब्रह्म समाज के सिद्धांतों को दर्शाने वाला एक पूर्ण संकल्पना मानचित्र है, जिसमें 'Principles of Brahmo Samaj' शीर्षक के साथ 'Monotheism', 'Caste and class equality', 'Protest against rituals' और 'Following the ways of prayers' जैसे मुख्य सिद्धांत दर्शाए गए हैं।

 

Question 3.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'महिलाओं के प्रति प्रचलित बुरी प्रथाओं' को दर्शाने वाला एक अधूरा संकल्पना मानचित्र है, जिसमें केंद्रीय बॉक्स 'Ill customs prevailed against women' से जुड़े कई खाली बक्से हैं, जो छात्रों को उन प्रथाओं के नाम भरने के लिए प्रेरित करता है।

 

Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'महिलाओं के प्रति प्रचलित बुरी प्रथाओं' को दर्शाने वाला एक पूर्ण संकल्पना मानचित्र है, जिसमें केंद्रीय बॉक्स 'Ill customs prevailed against women' से 'Child marriage', 'Keshavapan', 'Sati', 'Devdasi', 'Dowry system' और 'Opposition to Widow remarriage' जैसी प्रथाएं दर्शाई गई हैं।

 

2. Complete The Timeline:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक अधूरा समयरेखा संकल्पना मानचित्र है, जिसमें 1828, 1873, 1897 जैसे महत्वपूर्ण वर्ष दिए गए हैं, साथ ही 'Establishment of Paramhansa Sabha' और 'Establishment of Arya Samaj' जैसी कुछ घटनाएं भी हैं, और अन्य घटनाओं को भरने के लिए खाली स्थान हैं।

 

Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक पूर्ण समयरेखा संकल्पना मानचित्र है, जिसमें विभिन्न वर्षों में स्थापित प्रमुख सामाजिक-धार्मिक संगठनों को दर्शाया गया है: 1828 में ब्रह्म समाज, 1848 में परमहंस सभा, 1873 में सत्यशोधक समाज, 1875 में आर्य समाज और 1897 में रामकृष्ण मिशन की स्थापना।

 

Answer The Following In One Sentence Each :

Question 1. What message was given by Swami Vivekanand to the Indian youth?
Answer: 'Arise, Awake and stop not till the goal is achieved' was the message given by Swami Vivekanand to the Indian youth.
In simple words: Swami Vivekananda inspired Indian youth with the powerful message to 'Arise, Awake, and stop not till the goal is achieved,' urging them to strive for self-realization and national upliftment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Quote Swami Vivekananda's famous message accurately, as it is a direct and impactful statement often tested in short answer questions.

 

Question 2. Write about the work of Singh Sabha.
Answer: The Singh Sabha worked to achieve reforms, to spread education among the Sikh community and bring in modernisation among them
In simple words: The Singh Sabha aimed to reform the Sikh community, promoting education and modern values to counter external influences and revive Sikh identity.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the Singh Sabha, focus on its dual objectives: religious reform and the promotion of modern education within the Sikh community.

 

Question 3. What were the principles of Prarthana Samaj?
Answer: The opposition to idol worship, monotheism and opposition to rituals were the principles of Prarthana Samaj.
In simple words: The Prarthana Samaj advocated for monotheism, opposing idol worship and various rituals, emphasizing devotion and rational worship.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key principles of Prarthana Samaj to remember are monotheism and the rejection of idol worship and elaborate rituals.

 

Question 4. Which social reformers worked for the cause of widow remarriage?
Answer: Pandit Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, Vishnushastri Pandit and Vireshlingam Pantalu worked for the cause of widow remarriage.
In simple words: Pandit Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, Vishnushastri Pandit, and Vireshlingam Pantalu were prominent social reformers who tirelessly championed the cause of widow remarriage in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing reformers for widow remarriage, include Pandit Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, Vishnushastri Pandit, and Vireshlingam Pantalu, as they were key figures.

 

Question 5. Who started 'Anath Balikashram'?
Answer: Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve started Anath Balikashram, an orphanage for girls, to give education to all women so that they become independent.
In simple words: Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve established the 'Anath Balikashram' as an orphanage for girls, with the aim of providing them education and enabling their independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve with the 'Anath Balikashram' and his overarching goal of women's education and independence.

 

Question 6. Who received the Nobel Prize and in which field?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore received Nobel in the field of literature and C. V. Raman for Science.
In simple words: Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, and C. V. Raman received it for his contributions to Science.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember both Rabindranath Tagore (Literature) and C. V. Raman (Science) as Indian Nobel laureates and their respective fields.

 

Question 7. What was The Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College later known as?
Answer: The Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College was later known as the Aligarh Muslim University.
In simple words: The Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College, founded by Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan, evolved into the renowned Aligarh Muslim University.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the historical transition of The Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College into Aligarh Muslim University, recognizing its significance in Muslim education.

 

Write Short Note:

Question 1. Prarthana Samaj :
Answer:1. Paramhansa Sabha was dissolved and some of its members formed Prarthana Samaj. 2. Dr. Atmaram Pandurang was its first President. 3. They opposed idol worship, monotheism and advocated prayers and devotional songs instead of rituals in place of worship of God. 4. The important contribution of Prarthana Samaj in reforming the society was that it started orphanages, women's education institutes, night schools for workers and society for Dalits. 5. The prestige of Prarthana Samaj rose immensely due to the enrollment of young graduates from Mumbai University. 6. Justice Ranade, Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar carried the work of Prarthana Samaj forward.
In simple words: Prarthana Samaj was a significant reform movement that promoted monotheism and opposed idol worship, establishing institutions like orphanages and schools for women and workers to foster social equality and progress.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about Prarthana Samaj, include its founding after Paramhansa Sabha, its core principles (monotheism, anti-ritualism), and its practical social contributions like establishing educational and welfare institutions.

 

Question 2. Sir Sayyad Ahmed Khan :
Answer:1. Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan worked for the cause of Muslims. 2. He believed that the Muslims would not make progress without acquiring western education and science. 3. He founded 'The Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College' which later became Aligarh Muslim University.
In simple words: Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan was a pioneering Muslim reformer who advocated for Western education and science within the Muslim community, establishing The Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College (later Aligarh Muslim University) to achieve this goal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan's advocacy for modern education for Muslims and his foundational role in establishing Aligarh Muslim University as his key contributions.

 

Answer The Following In 25 To 30 Words:

Question 1. Write about the contribution of Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde.
Answer:1. Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde was member of Prarthana Samaj, contributed in reforming society. 2. He started the 'Depressed Class Mission'. 3. He tried to solve problems in society through this mission. 4. He organised conference against the practice of Devdasi in Mumbai.
In simple words: Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde, a Prarthana Samaj member, founded the 'Depressed Class Mission' to address societal problems and organized a significant conference against the Devdasi practice, tirelessly working for social reform.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde, emphasize his role in Prarthana Samaj, founding the Depressed Class Mission, and his active efforts against practices like Devdasi.

 

Question 2. Write about the efforts taken to unite Hindu Society.
Answer:1. Hindu Mahasabha was formed in 1915 to achieve respectful position of Hindu community and protect it. 2. Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya founded the 'Banaras Hindu University'. 3. Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar established Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in 1925 at Nagpur to set up a disciplinary and virtuous organisation of Hindu youth. 4. Patit Pawan Temple built by V. D. Savarkar at Ratnagiri was open to all castes of Hindu religion. He also organized common dining programmes.
In simple words: Efforts to unite Hindu society included the formation of the Hindu Mahasabha, the founding of Banaras Hindu University by Madan Mohan Malviya, the establishment of the RSS by Dr. Hedgewar for youth discipline, and V. D. Savarkar's Patit Pawan Temple opening to all castes to promote inclusivity.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing efforts to unite Hindu society, mention key organizations like Hindu Mahasabha and RSS, and individuals like Madan Mohan Malviya and V. D. Savarkar, along with their specific contributions.

 

Question 3. Give a brief account of the work of women social reformers for the emancipation of women.
Answer: The women reformers contributed in the following way to improve the condition of women: 1. Savitribai Phule faced severe criticism of society but continued her work in the field of education. 2. Tarabai Shinde wrote the book 'Stri Purush Tulana' in which she fiercely put her views about the rights of women. 3. Pandita Ramabai founded the Sharada Sadan and took care of disabled women and children. 4. Ramabai Ranade founded the Seva Sadan Institute. She started the Nursing course for women as well as demanded the right to vote for them.
In simple words: Women social reformers like Savitribai Phule, Tarabai Shinde, Pandita Ramabai, and Ramabai Ranade significantly contributed to women's emancipation by championing education, advocating for rights, establishing welfare institutions, and promoting professional training despite facing severe societal challenges.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions on women reformers, name at least three prominent figures and briefly describe their unique contributions, such as education, writing for rights, or establishing care institutions, to show a broad understanding.

 

Question 4. State the outcome of women reform movement.
Answer:1. The women's reforms movement resulted in putting an end to many unjust practices in the society. 2. They voiced their problems and made efforts to find solution to them. 3. The women got opportunities to prove their capabilities in different fields. 4. Women started expressing their ideas, thoughts through writing.
In simple words: The women's reform movement successfully ended many unjust practices, empowered women to articulate their issues, provided them opportunities in various fields, and fostered their expression through writing, leading to overall societal progress.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing the outcomes of the women's reform movement, focus on the cessation of unjust practices, increased voice and opportunities for women, and their emergence as writers and thinkers.

Question 5. What changes came about in the field of Science, Art and Literature during Indian Renaissance?
Answer: The following changes were seen in the field of Science, Art and Literature during Indian Renaissance :
(A) Science :
1. C. V. Raman received the Nobel Prize in Science.
2. Many books were written on science which emphasized scientific outlook.
3. People realised the importance of experimentation and scientific outlook for progress of the country.
(B) Art :
1. Music became more popular and people-oriented.
2. A new school of painting combining traditional Indian style of painting with the western techniques emerged.
(C) Literature :
1. Rabindranath Tagore received the Nobel Prize in literature.
2. Stories and novels gave inspiration in gaining independence and expressed thoughts on social reforms.
3. Women took to writing.
4. New magazines and newspapers became sources of inspiration and political awakening.
In simple words: This question asks for the impact of the Indian Renaissance on Science, Art, and Literature. In Science, it led to Nobel Prizes and a focus on scientific thought. In Art, music became popular, and a new painting style merged Indian and Western techniques. In Literature, it inspired women writers, social reforms, and political awareness through various publications.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight specific achievements and shifts in perspective for each field to score well. Mentioning key figures like C.V. Raman and Rabindranath Tagore adds value.

Write Short Note:

Question 1. The condition of women was miserable in the beginning of nineteenth century.
Answer: The condition of women during the British period was very miserable in India, because :
1. They had no right to education.
2. There was no equality between men and women.
3. Women were victims of child marriage, dowry system, sati, Keshavapan, opposition to widow remarriage.
In simple words: In the 19th century, women in India suffered greatly due to lack of education, gender inequality, and harmful customs like child marriage, dowry, sati, and forced widowhood.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing specific social evils and inequalities faced by women is crucial to illustrate the 'miserable condition' effectively.

Answer The Following In Detail:

Question 1. Write briefly about Indian Renaissance.
Answer: 1. The modern educated Indians realised that the unhealthy social conditions and customs like casteism, superstitions, old customs, class system and lack of critical outlook had arrested the progress of India.
2. Rise in the spread of new ideas, new thoughts, new philosophy marked the beginning of modern age.
3. It was necessary to eradicate the flaws and undesirable tendencies in order to create a new society based on principles of Humanity, Equality and Fraternity.
4. They started finding new ways for development of society and country. Educated thinkers started social awareness through writings.
5. This intellectual awakening in the contemporary society in India is called the Indian Renaissance.
In simple words: The Indian Renaissance was an intellectual awakening among educated Indians who recognized social evils and sought to build a new society based on humanity, equality, and fraternity, fostering progress through new ideas and reforms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the causes (social evils, western education), objectives (new society, progress), and methods (intellectual awakening, writings) of the Indian Renaissance.

Question 2. Give a brief account of the work of social reformers for the betterment of women.
Answer: 1. Raja Rammohan Roy launched agitations against practice of Sati.
2. It led to the enactment of the Sati Prohibition Act in 1829.
3. He advocated widow remarriage and female education and opposed Purdah system.
4. Gopal Hari Deshmukh (Lokhitwadi) criticized the unjust social customs related to women and advocated equality of men and women through his writings in 'Shatapatre'.
5. Mahatma Phule gave importance to 2 girl's education. He started first school for i girls at Bhide Wada in Pune.
6. Through his writings Babasaheb Ambedkar exposed injustice inflicted on women.
7. Mahatma Gandhi advocated education for women.
8. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Vishnushastri Pandit and Vireshlingam Pantalu strove for the recognition of the right to remarriage for the widows.
9. Gopal Ganesh Agarkar gave his staunch opinion about child marriage and j law of consent in his newspaper 'Sudharak'.
10. Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde organised a conference to oppose practice of Devdasi.
11. Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve founded the Anath Balikashram for orphan girls and later the first Women's University.
In simple words: Social reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy, Mahatma Phule, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve spearheaded efforts to improve women's lives by opposing Sati, promoting widow remarriage and female education, and establishing institutions for their empowerment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a diverse range of reformers and their specific contributions, such as legal reforms, educational initiatives, and advocacy against harmful customs, to demonstrate comprehensive understanding.

Question 3. What would have happened if social reformers had not taken initiative for women education?
Answer: We have seen many social reformers in the last 100-150 years. They not only insisted on women education but also took efforts to make it reality.
If they had not taken efforts towards women education then:
1. Women would have still remained illiterate and would have easily fallen prey to superstitions.
2. They would have to carry burden of age old customs and traditions.
3. Illiterate women could not contribute to the development of family, society and nation.
4. Today they work hand in hand with their male counterparts because they are educated.
In simple words: Without the efforts of social reformers in women's education, women would likely still be illiterate, trapped by superstitions and oppressive traditions, unable to contribute to societal development, and lacking the current opportunities to work alongside men.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the negative consequences across various domains- social, economic, and personal- to effectively answer this hypothetical question. Emphasize the long-term impact on women's autonomy and national progress.

Question 4. What changes have been made in the life of women due to education?
Answer: Education has brought lot of changes in the life of women.
1. Women started taking jobs, doing business which made them financially independent.
2. They are working and competing along with men in every field.
3. Educated women freed themselves from the clutches of superstitions.
4. Educated women have become strong enough to face the injustice of society.
5. The principle of equality is put into practice because of their education.
6. As woman got educated she contributed for development of her family and country.
In simple words: Education has transformed women's lives, granting them financial independence, enabling them to compete equally with men, freeing them from superstitions, empowering them to fight injustice, and allowing them to significantly contribute to family and national development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Elaborate on the multi-faceted positive impacts of education, covering economic, social, intellectual, and personal empowerment aspects for women.

Question 5. Do you still feel there is need to make efforts for women's education? If yes, then what efforts need to be made?
Answer: 1. I feel we still need to make efforts on girls' education because among illiterates and less educated the number of women is more.
2. The number of illiterate girls in rural and tribal areas is more.
3. It is important to explain importance of girls' education. Reforms are still required.
4. To make people understand the benefit of girls' education, documentaries and advertisements should be made.
5. We need to take help of modern technology to achieve it.
In simple words: Yes, continued efforts are needed for girls' education, especially in rural and tribal areas, to combat illiteracy. This requires explaining its importance, implementing reforms, creating awareness through media, and leveraging modern technology to promote educational access.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state your stance ('Yes') and then provide concrete, actionable suggestions for future efforts, demonstrating a practical understanding of the issue.

8th Std History Questions And Answers: