Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Chapter 11 Struggle for Equality Solutions

Class 8 History Chapter 11 Struggle For Equality Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Struggle For Equality Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 11 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 History Chapter 11 Struggle For Equality Textbook Questions And Answers

1. Rewrite the statements by- choosing the appropriate options:
(Lala Lajpat Rai, Sane Guruji, Dr. Rakhmabai Janardan Save, Deenbandhu Mitra, Babasaheb Bole)

 

Question 1. .................................. founded the Red Cross Society at Rajkot.
Answer: Dr. Rakhmabai Janardan Save
In simple words: Dr. Rakhmabai Janardan Save established the Red Cross Society in Rajkot.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key personalities and their contributions, like Dr. Rakhmabai Janardan Save's role in founding the Red Cross Society.

 

Question 2. .................................. was the president of mill workers union at Ammalner.
Answer: Sane Guruji
In simple words: Sane Guruji served as the president of the mill workers union in Ammalner.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate prominent leaders with the organizations or movements they led, such as Sane Guruji with the Ammalner mill workers union.

 

Question 3. The president of the first session of AITUC was ..................................
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai presided over the inaugural session of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC).

🎯 Exam Tip: It is important to recall the leaders who chaired significant historical events or the formation of major organizations like the AITUC.

 

2. Write Short Notes:

 

Question 1. Social Work of Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde :
Answer:
1. The goal of Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde was to make the Dalits self respectful, well educated and engaged in work.
2. He worked to destroy the delusive ideas regarding Dalits in the minds of the upper caste.
3. He founded the 'Depressed Classes Mission' for the progress of Dalits in 1906.
4. To achieve this, he started Marathi schools and work schools in parts of Parel, Deonar in Mumbai.
5. He actively took part in various movement which were related to the welfare of the Dalits like Satyagraha for entry in Parvati temple at Pune, Shetkari Parishad of Dalits and Federal Electorates.
In simple words: Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde dedicated his life to empowering Dalits by promoting self-respect, education, and employment. He actively challenged caste discrimination and established the 'Depressed Classes Mission' to further their advancement and secure their rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing short notes, include key achievements and the impact of the personality's work, mentioning organizations founded and specific movements supported.

 

Question 2. Reforms of Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj in the state of Kolhapur :
Answer:
1. Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj worked for abolishing of caste discrimination.
2. He made revolutionary declaration for reservation in the state of Kolhapur.
3. He made law for free and compulsory primary education.
4. He worked to remove restrictions on inter dining, intermarriage and change of occupation in the caste system.
5. He passed the Act of inter-caste marriage and made it legal in state.
6. He abolished 'Balutedari System', by publishing a declaration in the Government Gazette of the state of Kolhapur on 22 February, 1918.
7. This allowed people to practice any occupation and freed them from type of social slavery.
In simple words: Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj implemented significant reforms in Kolhapur to eradicate caste discrimination, introducing reservations, free primary education, and legalizing inter-caste marriages. He actively dismantled social barriers, enabling all individuals to pursue any occupation, thereby challenging traditional social hierarchies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the breadth of reforms (social, educational, legal) and their direct impact on equality and social mobility when describing the work of reformers like Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj.

 

3. Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

 

Question 1. The Government decided to crush down the Communist movement.
Answer:
1. The Communist Party was formed in India in 1925.
2. The young communist leaders started building militant organisations of workers and peasants.
3. The British government started feeling the danger of Communist movement and hence decide to crush it.
In simple words: The British government perceived the newly formed Communist Party and its militant organizations of workers and peasants as a significant threat to its rule, leading them to actively suppress the movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining reasons, clearly state the cause-and-effect relationship between events, such as the rise of the Communist movement and the government's suppressive response.

 

Question 2. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar started newspapers like 'Muknayak', 'Bahishkrut Bharat', etc.
Answer:
1. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar wanted to establish a society based on principles of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
2. He intended to carry out movement to establish self-respect and social equality for Dalits.
3. It was necessary to create awakening in society in this respect and to voice their grief.
4. The newspaper was an integral part of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar's movement.
5. Hence, he started many newspapers so that his ideas and thoughts reach the society.
In simple words: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar launched newspapers like 'Muknayak' and 'Bahishkrut Bharat' to articulate his vision for a society founded on liberty, equality, and fraternity. These publications were crucial tools for raising awareness, fostering self-respect among Dalits, and amplifying their voices against social injustice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the strategic importance of communication tools like newspapers in social reform movements, connecting their purpose to the leader's broader goals and societal impact.

 

Question 3. There aroused a need of a nationwide workers union.
Answer:
1. In the later half of the 19th century, textile mills, railway companies and such other industries were started in India.
2. The workers group were not aroused on large scale.
3. As there were no unions, the workers were not organised.
4. After the First World War, there was rise of worker class in India due to industrialisation.
Therefore, a necessity was felt for a nationwide worker union.
In simple words: With India's industrial growth in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a large working class emerged but lacked organization and representation. The absence of unions meant workers couldn't collectively address their issues, leading to a recognized need for a nationwide workers' union to protect their rights and interests.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining historical necessities, trace the progression of events (industrialization, rise of working class, lack of organization) that led to the demand for a new institution like a nationwide union.

 

4. Answer The Following Questions In Brief:

 

Question 1. Why was the struggle for equality important in the making of Modern India?
Answer:
1. India achieved freedom because of freedom struggle.
2. The scope of this struggle was not limited to achieve political freedom but emancipation of man from all types of bondages.
3. Therefore in the course of this struggle, there was opposition to feudalism, social inequality and economic exploitation.
4. The principle of equality was given equal importance.
5. Various groups such as farmers, workers, women and Dalits came forward and started movements in order to get justice and bring about reforms.
This proves that the struggle for equality has great significance in the making of Modern India.
In simple words: The struggle for equality was crucial for Modern India because it broadened the freedom movement beyond political independence to include social justice and human emancipation. It challenged deep-rooted issues like feudalism, inequality, and exploitation, uniting diverse groups like farmers, workers, women, and Dalits in a collective pursuit of justice and reform, thereby shaping a more equitable society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the multi-dimensional nature of historical movements; for equality, highlight its role in addressing political, social, and economic injustices and mobilizing diverse sections of society.

 

Question 2. Write about the work of Sane Guruji in eastern Khandesh.
Answer:
1. In 1938, due to heavy rains crops were destroyed in eastern Khandesh.
2. He organised the farmers who were in miserable state.
3. Sane Guruji organised meetings and processions at many places in eastern Khandesh to have land revenue waived for the farmers.
4. He took out marches on the Collector office.
5. He tried to create a strong centre of workers union at Dhule-Ammalner.
In simple words: In eastern Khandesh, Sane Guruji actively supported distressed farmers after heavy rain destroyed crops in 1938. He organized meetings, led processions to the Collector's office demanding land revenue waivers, and worked to establish a strong workers' union in Dhule-Ammalner, demonstrating his commitment to social justice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail specific actions and their objectives when describing a leader's work in a particular region, showing their direct engagement with local issues and communities.

 

Question 3. How was the struggle built up by the workers decisive for the national movement?
Answer:
1. The beginning of the 19th century witnessed the emergence of working-class due to industrialisation. They made efforts to solve their problems.
2. During the anti-partition movement, workers carried out strikes from time to time to pressurise the British government.
3. The tea plantation workers in Assam launched an agitation against their wretched condition.
4. During the anti-partition movement, workers carried out strikes from time to time in support of Swadeshi.
5. In 1928, the Mill Workers Union went on strike for six months. Many such strikes were organised by the Railway workers, jute mill workers, etc.
In simple words: The workers' struggle played a decisive role in the national movement by demonstrating organized resistance against British rule and industrial exploitation. Through strikes during movements like anti-partition and Swadeshi, and major protests by various worker unions, they exerted significant pressure on the government, contributing to the broader demand for independence and social change.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect workers' movements to larger national struggles by highlighting how their actions (strikes, agitations) supported national goals and challenged colonial authority, thereby influencing the overall movement.

 

Question 4. Discuss the nature of reform movement related to women.
Answer:
1. Women had a secondary position in the Indian social system.
2. They were subjected to many injustices because of evil practices.
3. In the 20th century, many reforms were initiated for the betterment of women.
4. The reform movement was led by women and institutions formed by them.
5. They fought for issues such as the right to inheritance, right to vote through the medium of these institutions.
6. The involvement of women went on increasing. They played an active role in the national movement and in the revolutionary movement.
7. Due to the reform movement, women were included in the Provincial Ministries.
In simple words: The women's reform movement in India, emerging from their subordinate social status and prevalent injustices, gained momentum in the 20th century, often led by women themselves and their organizations. These movements advocated for crucial rights like inheritance and voting, and their growing involvement significantly contributed to both national and revolutionary movements, eventually leading to women's representation in provincial ministries.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing reform movements, cover the historical context (issues faced), the driving forces (women and their institutions), the key demands (rights), and the eventual outcomes or impact on society and politics.

 

Do You Know?

Narayan Meghaji Lokhande:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र नारायण मेघाजी लोखंडे को दर्शाता है, जो भारतीय मजदूर आंदोलन के जनक थे। उन्होंने 1890 में 'बॉम्बे मिल हैंड्स एसोसिएशन' की स्थापना की और मजदूरों के लिए साप्ताहिक अवकाश सुनिश्चित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।

The native place of Narayan Meghaji Lokhande was Kanhesar near Saswad in Pune district.
1. He formed the mill workers un ion known as 'Bombay Mill Hands Association' in 1890.
2. This workers union is believed to be the beginning of organised movement in India.
3. He was also the chairman of Mumbai branch of Satyashodhak Samaj founded by Mahatma Phule.
4. Due to his efforts, from 10 June 1890, the workers started getting weekly holiday on Sunday.

 

Dr. Anandibai Joshi:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र डॉ. आनंदीबाई जोशी को दर्शाता है, जो भारत की पहली महिला डॉक्टर थीं। उनके 10 दिन के बेटे की मृत्यु ने उन्हें चिकित्सा का अध्ययन करने के लिए प्रेरित किया, और उन्होंने 1886 में एम.डी. की डिग्री हासिल की।

1. She was the first Indian Female Doctor.
2. The death of her 10 days old son inspired her to study medicine and acquired M. D. degree in 1886.
3. She died of tuberculosis on February 1887 at Pune.

 

Project:

 

Question 1. Read the biography of Dr. Anandibai Joshi.

 

Question 2. Read the biography of Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj.

 

Class 8 History Chapter 11 Struggle For Equality Additional Important Questions And Answers

Rewrite the statements by- choosing the appropriate options :

 

Question 1. .................................. got a bill passed in the Bombay Provincial Assembly for the public water reservoirs to be opened to the untouchable.
Answer: Babasaheb Bole
In simple words: Babasaheb Bole was instrumental in getting a bill passed to allow untouchables access to public water reservoirs in the Bombay Provincial Assembly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific legislative achievements and the individuals who championed them in social reform contexts.

 

Question 2. Neel Darpan written by .................................. brought to notice of the society wretched conditions of the peasants.
Answer: Deenbandhu Mitra.
In simple words: Deenbandhu Mitra's play 'Neel Darpan' effectively exposed the deplorable conditions faced by peasants, bringing their plight to public attention.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize how literary works can serve as powerful tools for social awareness and exposing injustice, linking authors to their impactful creations.

 

Name The Following:

 

Question 1. Through the magazine 'Somavanshiya Mitra' raised voice regarding issues of Muralis and Jogtins.
Answer: Shivram Janbci Kamble
In simple words: Shivram Janbci Kamble used the magazine 'Somavanshiya Mitra' to highlight the problems faced by Muralis and Jogtins.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key individuals associated with specific publications and the social issues they championed through those platforms.

 

Question 2. Chairman of Mumbai branch of Satyashodhak Samaj.
Answer: Narayan Meghaji Lokhande
In simple words: Narayan Meghaji Lokhande served as the chairman for the Mumbai branch of the Satyashodhak Samaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect prominent figures with the organizational roles they held within significant social reform movements.

 

Question 3. Movement of eradication of untouchability in Tamil Nadu
Answer: Perriyar Ramaswamy
In simple words: Perriyar Ramaswamy initiated and led the movement to abolish untouchability in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize regional leaders and their specific contributions to national social reform efforts, such as Perriyar Ramaswamy's work in Tamil Nadu.

 

Question 4. Active in international Communist Movement.
Answer: Manavendranath Roy
In simple words: Manavendranath Roy was a prominent figure actively involved in the international Communist Movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key Indian figures who also played significant roles in international political or social movements.

 

Question 5. Baba Ramachandra.
Answer: Baba Ramchandra.
In simple words: The question likely refers to the prominent peasant leader Baba Ramchandra, known for his work in Awadh.

🎯 Exam Tip: For simple identification questions, ensure accurate spelling and context if the name is commonly associated with a specific historical role.

 

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

 

Question 1. .................................. was the president of 'Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha'
(a) Sane Guruji
(b) Swami Sahajananda Saraswati
(c) Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde
(d) Manavendranath Roy
Answer: (b) Swami Sahajananda Saraswati
In simple words: Swami Sahajananda Saraswati was the president of the 'Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately matching leaders with the organizations they headed is crucial for multiple-choice questions on historical figures.

 

Question 2. The session of the Congress was held in the rural part of ............... in Maharashtra.
(a) Nagpur
(b) Baramati
(c) Faizpur
(d) Miraj
Answer: (c) Faizpur
In simple words: The Congress session held in a rural part of Maharashtra was at Faizpur.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowledge of significant historical locations and their association with major political events, like Congress sessions, is important.

 

Question 3. .................................. went on fast unto death to open the doors of Vitthal temple at Pandharpur for the Dalits,
(a) Sane Guruji
(b) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
(c) Karmaveer Dadasaheb Gaikwad
(d) Babasaheb Bole
Answer: (a) Sane Guruji
In simple words: Sane Guruji undertook a fast unto death to ensure Dalits could enter the Vitthal temple in Pandharpur.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific acts of protest or movements with the leaders who spearheaded them, especially those addressing social exclusion.

 

Question 4. Due to efforts of ...................................., the workers started getting weekly holiday on Sunday from 10 June, 1890.
(a) Shripad Amrut Dange
(b) Shashipad Banerjee
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Narayan Meghaji Lokhande
Answer: (d) Narayan Meghaji Lokhande
In simple words: Narayan Meghaji Lokhande's efforts were instrumental in securing a weekly holiday on Sunday for workers starting from June 10, 1890.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key figures responsible for significant labor reforms and their specific contributions, like securing workers' weekly holidays.

 

Question 5. In 1881, .................................. wrote an article on Marx.
(a) Dr. Rammanohar Lohia
(b) Lokmanya Tilak
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Shripad Amrut Dange
Answer: (b) Lokmanya Tilak
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak authored an article on Marx in 1881.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowledge of prominent figures' writings and their intellectual influences is important for historical understanding.

 

Question 6. Condemned untouchability through his book ‘Vital Vidhwansan'
(a) Gopal Baba Walangkar
(b) Shivram Janba Kamble
(c) Thakkar Bappa
(d) Appasaheb Patwardhan
Answer: (a) Gopal Baba Walangkar
In simple words: Gopal Baba Walangkar criticized untouchability in his book 'Vital Vidhwansan'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate social reformers with their literary works that advocated for social justice and condemned discriminatory practices.

 

Question 7. Karmaveer Dadasaheb Gaikwad led Satyagraha for entry of Dalits in
(a) Kalaram temple
(b) Vitthal temple
(c) Parvati temple
(d) Bhavani temple
Answer: (a) Kalaram temple
In simple words: Karmaveer Dadasaheb Gaikwad led a Satyagraha to ensure Dalits could enter the Kalaram temple.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific locations and objectives of major Satyagraha movements led by prominent social activists.

 

Question 8. .................................. passed the Act of inter-caste marriage and gave it a legal acceptance in the state of Kolhapur.
(a) Mahatma Jyotirao Phule
(b) Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj
(c) Rajaram Maharaj
(d) Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde
Answer: (b) Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj
In simple words: Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj passed the Act of inter-caste marriage, legalizing it in Kolhapur state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Credit specific rulers or leaders with their legislative achievements that promoted social equality and challenged traditional norms.

 

Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence:

 

Question 1. State the significance of 'Neel Darpan'
Answer: Deenbandhu Mitra in his play 'Neel Darpan' brought to the notice of the society the wretched conditions of the peasants who were forced to cultivate indigo.
In simple words: 'Neel Darpan' by Deenbandhu Mitra was significant for exposing the harsh exploitation of indigo peasants to the broader society.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for significance, highlight the primary impact or revelation of the historical work or event.

 

Question 2. What was the important work done by 'Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha'?
Answer: The Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha' presented a declaration of peasants' rights to the Indian National Congress.
In simple words: The 'Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha' notably presented a declaration of peasant rights to the Indian National Congress.

🎯 Exam Tip: For organizational contributions, identify their key actions or policy recommendations that had a significant impact.

 

Question 3. What message did Lala Lajpat Rai give to the workers in the first session of AITUC?
Answer: At the first session of AITUC Lala Lajpat Rai asked the workers to actively participate in the national movement.
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai urged workers at the first AITUC session to actively join the national movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on direct quotes or the core message delivered by leaders at pivotal historical gatherings.

 

Question 4. Why did Dr. Ambedkar and his followers embrace Buddhism?
Answer: Dr. Ambedkar and his followers embraced Buddhism as it advocated humanity and equality.'
In simple words: Dr. Ambedkar and his followers converted to Buddhism because its principles emphasized humanity and equality, aligning with their pursuit of social justice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the philosophical or ideological motivations behind significant social and religious conversions led by influential figures.

 

Question 5. Which institutions were founded by Pandita Ramabai?
Answer: Pandita Ramabai had founded the 'Arya Mahila Samaj' and 'Sharda Sadan'.
In simple words: Pandita Ramabai established the 'Arya Mahila Samaj' and 'Sharda Sadan'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the specific institutions founded by prominent social reformers, as these are direct knowledge recall points.

 

Question 6. What message did Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar give his followers?
Answer: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar gave the inspirational message,'Be Educated, Be Organised and Be Agitated' to his followers.
In simple words: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar's message to his followers was to 'Be Educated, Be Organised and Be Agitated'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key slogans or inspirational messages from leaders encapsulate their core philosophy and goals, making them important to remember.

 

Do As Directed:

Complete The Concept Map:

 

Question 1. Leaders of
Congress
Socialist Party

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक अवधारणा मानचित्र है जिसमें 'कांग्रेस सोशलिस्ट पार्टी के नेता' शीर्षक के तहत रिक्त स्थान दिए गए हैं, जिन्हें संबंधित नेताओं के नामों से भरना है।

 

Answer:

Jayprakash Narayan		Acharya Narendra Dev
Leaders of Congress Socialist Party
Minu Masani		Dr. Rammanohar Lohia

In simple words: The concept map illustrates the key leaders of the Congress Socialist Party, including Jayprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev, Minu Masani, and Dr. Rammanohar Lohia.

🎯 Exam Tip: For concept maps, ensure all nodes are correctly filled with the appropriate information, demonstrating a clear understanding of the relationships between concepts or individuals.

 

Question 2. Social
reformers who
worked to
eradicate
untouchability

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक अवधारणा मानचित्र है जिसमें 'सामाजिक सुधारक जिन्होंने अस्पृश्यता उन्मूलन के लिए काम किया' शीर्षक के तहत रिक्त स्थान दिए गए हैं, जिन्हें संबंधित सुधारकों के नामों से भरना है।

 

Answer:

Social reformers who worked to eradicate untouchability	Mahatma Phule
	Narayan Guru
	Periyar Ramaswamy
	Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde
	Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj

In simple words: This concept map highlights prominent social reformers who dedicated their efforts to eradicating untouchability, including Mahatma Phule, Narayan Guru, Periyar Ramaswamy, Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde, and Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying reformers, ensure accuracy in associating them with their specific cause, such as the fight against untouchability, and recall a diverse set of examples.

 

Question 3. Newspapers
started by
Dr. Ambedkar

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक अवधारणा मानचित्र है जिसमें 'डॉ. अम्बेडकर द्वारा शुरू किए गए समाचार पत्र' शीर्षक के तहत रिक्त स्थान दिए गए हैं, जिन्हें संबंधित समाचार पत्रों के नामों से भरना है।

 

Answer:

Janata		Samata
Newspapers started by Dr. Ambedkar
Muknayak		Bahishkrut Bharat

In simple words: The concept map lists the significant newspapers started by Dr. Ambedkar, which include Janata, Samata, Muknayak, and Bahishkrut Bharat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remembering the names of publications launched by influential figures helps demonstrate an understanding of their communication strategies and broader impact.

 

Complete The Following Table:

 

Question 1.

Founder	Organisation/ Institution
1. Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde	........................................
2. ........................................	Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha
3. Ramabai Ranade	........................................
4. ........................................	Independent Labour Party

 

Answer:

Founder	Organisation/ Institution
1. Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde	Depressed Classes Mission
2. Prof. N.G. Ranga	Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha
3. Ramabai Ranade	Seva Sadan institution
4. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar	Independent Labour Party

In simple words: The completed table correctly pairs founders with the organizations or institutions they established or were associated with, such as Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde with the Depressed Classes Mission, Prof. N.G. Ranga with Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha, Ramabai Ranade with Seva Sadan, and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar with the Independent Labour Party.

🎯 Exam Tip: For table completion, ensure precise matching of founders to their respective organizations, as it tests direct recall of historical associations.

Write Short Notes:

 

Question 1. The Meerut Conspiracy Case:
Answer:1. The young communist leaders built militant organisations of workers and peasants. 2. The growing influence of Communism on Indian youth became a matter of concern for the British and they felt it was a danger. 3. The communist leaders Shripad Amrut Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, Keshav Neelkanth Joglekar, etc. were arrested. 4. They were falsely charged with planning of a conspiracy to overthrow the British rule. 5. The trial took place at Meerut. So it was called as 'Meerut Conspiracy Case'. 6. They were given different punishments.In simple words: The Meerut Conspiracy Case involved the British arresting communist leaders for allegedly conspiring to overthrow the government, highlighting Britain's concern over the growing communist influence among Indian workers and peasants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the key reasons for the trial and the main individuals involved, as well as the political context of the British government's fear of communism.

 

Question 2. Work of Rakhmabai Janardan Save:
Answer:1. Dr. Rakhmabai Janardhan Save was the first practicing woman doctor in India. 2. She delivered lectures on health related issues of women. 3. She opened a branch of Red Cross Society at Rajkot.In simple words: Dr. Rakhmabai Janardhan Save was India's first female doctor who championed women's health through lectures and established a Red Cross Society branch in Rajkot.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember her pioneer status as India's first practicing woman doctor and her key contributions in public health and social service.

Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

 

Question 1. Narayan Meghaji Lokhande is described as 'Father of Indian Workers Movement'.
Answer:1. Industrialisation of India had started during the second half of the 19th century. 2. Shashipad Banerjee and Narayan Meghaji Lokhande organised workers at local level and made efforts to solve their problems. 3. Narayan Meghaji Lokhande formed the mill workers union known as 'Bombay Mill Hands Association' in 1890. 4. Due to his efforts, the workers started getting weekly holiday on Sunday from 10 June, 1890. 5. This was the beginning of organised movement in India. Thus, his contribution to the working-class movement was so valuable that he is described as 'Father of Indian Workers Movement'.In simple words: Narayan Meghaji Lokhande is called the 'Father of Indian Workers Movement' because he organized mill workers, formed the 'Bombay Mill Hands Association', and successfully campaigned for a weekly holiday, initiating the organized labor movement in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Lokhande's role in forming the first workers' union and securing fundamental rights like a weekly holiday, which marks the start of organized labor in India.

 

Question 2. The Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934.
Answer:1. Many young activists of the Indian National Congress believed that the society should be built on the principles of economic and social equality. 2. Due to this, there was spread of socialist ideas and thoughts. 3. They believed that to protect interests of the people it was necessary to overthrow the British rule. 4. So, they decided to set up a Socialist Party within the Congress fold while they were in Nashik jail. Accordingly, the Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934.In simple words: The Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934 by young Congress activists who, inspired by socialist ideals of equality, aimed to overthrow British rule and protect people's interests by forming a distinct socialist group within the Congress.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the ideological motivation (economic and social equality, socialism) and the context of its formation (within the Congress fold, by activists in jail).

Answer The Following Questions In Brief:

 

Question 1. Write about the work of Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj for abolition of caste distinction.
Answer:The following work was done by Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj in his state of Kolhapur for abolition of caste distinction: 1. He made revolutionary declaration for reservation in state of Kolhapur. 2. There were three restrictions in the caste system: inter dining, inter marriage and change of occupation. 3. Shahu Maharaj ate food from the hands of Dalit people and overthrew the restriction on inter dining. 4. He passed the Act of inter caste marriage and gave it a legal acceptance in his state. 5. He abolished 'Balutedari System' on 22 February, 1918 and granted permission to practice any occupation by anyone.In simple words: Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj tirelessly worked to abolish caste distinction by implementing reservations, promoting inter-caste dining and marriage, legalizing inter-caste marriages, and abolishing the 'Balutedari System' to allow occupational freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on his concrete reforms like reservations, legalizing inter-caste marriage, and abolishing discriminatory systems, demonstrating his practical approach to social equality.

 

Question 2. Explain the objectives of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar in launching the Dalit movement.
Answer:The objectives of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar in launching the Dalit movement 5 is as follows: 1. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar aimed at building a society on the principles of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. 2. He was of the view that unless the caste system is completely uprooted, the injustice to the Dalits and inequality would not end. 3. According to him, social equality is the right of Dalits. 4. He intended to carry out the movement based on self-respect.In simple words: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar launched the Dalit movement to establish a society based on liberty, equality, and fraternity, believing that only by uprooting the caste system could injustice and inequality against Dalits end, promoting their self-respect and social equality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the core principles (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity) and his belief that the caste system must be completely abolished for social equality and self-respect among Dalits.

 

Question 3. Write about the work done by Mahatma Gandhi for eradication of untouchability.
Answer:1. Mahatma Gandhi took up the issue of eradication of untouchability in his hands and put it up on the platform of Indian National Congress. 2. When in Yerwada jail, he debated with rigid Hindu Pandits stating that the religious texts of the Hindus do not support untouchability. 3. He gave inspiration to Harijan Sevak Sangh. 4. Many took inspiration from him and dedicated themselves to the work for 8 eradication of untouchability.In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi actively championed the eradication of untouchability, bringing it to the forefront of the Indian National Congress, debating religious texts to prove its invalidity, and inspiring the Harijan Sevak Sangh to work for its removal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Gandhi's strategic placement of untouchability on the national agenda, his theological arguments against it, and his role in inspiring organizations like the Harijan Sevak Sangh.

Answer The Following In Detail:

 

Question 1. Give a brief account of the peasant's movement during the pre-independence movement.
Answer:1. The economic policies of the British protected the landlords and the moneylenders and adversely affected the farmers. The peasants revolted against the injustice in different parts of India. 2. The peasants in Bengal formed union and revolted against the compulsion to cultivate indigo. 3. The peasants in Maharashtra revolted in 1875 against the atrocities of the landlords and moneylenders. 4. In 1918, 'Kisan Sabha' was formed by the farmers in Uttar Pradesh. 5. The Mopla peasants in Kerala rose in great revolt. 6. With the initiative of Prof N.G. Ranga Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha' was established. 7. It presented a declaration of peasants rights to the Indian National Congress. 8. Thousands of peasants attended the session of Indian National Congress which was held in rural part of Faizpur. 9. In 1938, due to heavy rains crops were destroyed in eastern Khandesh. Sane Guruji organised the farmers who were in a miserable state and took out procession. 10. The peasants participated in large numbers in the revolutionary period of 1942.In simple words: During pre-independence, peasants revolted against exploitative British policies, landlords, and moneylenders across India, forming unions like 'Kisan Sabha' and 'Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha' to fight for their rights, notably in Bengal (indigo), Maharashtra (1875), Kerala (Mopla), and eastern Khandesh (Sane Guruji's efforts), culminating in significant participation in the 1942 revolutionary movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing peasant movements, remember to include specific examples from different regions (Bengal, Maharashtra, Kerala, Khandesh) and mention key organizations like 'Kisan Sabha' to show the widespread nature of their struggle.

 

Question 2. Write information about the workers' movement in the pre-independence movement.
Answer:1. The beginning of the 19th century witnessed the emergence of the working-class due to industrialisation. They made efforts to solve their problems. 2. Shashipad Banerjee and Narayan Meghaji Lokhande organised workers at local level and made efforts to solve their problems. 3. Narayan Meghaji Lokhande described as 'Father of Indian Workers Movement' formed 'Bombay Mill Hands Association' in 1890. This was the beginning of organised movement in India. 4. The workers on the tea plantations in Assam launched an agitation against their wretched conditions. 5. In 1899, the workers of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIP) called for a strike for their demands. 6. During the anti-partition movement, workers carried out strikes from time to time in support of Swadeshi. 7. In 1920, 'All India Trade Union Congress' (AITUC) was established. 8. In 1928, the Mumbai Mill workers went on strike for six months. 9. Many such strikes were carried out: by the railway workers, jute mill workers, etc.In simple words: The pre-independence workers' movement emerged with industrialization, led by figures like Narayan Meghaji Lokhande who formed unions and advocated for worker rights, and intensified through strikes (e.g., GIP Railway, Mumbai Mill) and the formation of national bodies like AITUC, often in solidarity with nationalist movements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the timeline of the movement's emergence, the role of early organizers like Lokhande, significant strikes (e.g., GIP, Mumbai Mills), and the establishment of AITUC as a key milestone.

 

Question 3. Write about the development in the Dalit movement.
Answer:1. The Dalit movement was launched to remove the injustice done to Dalits due to Indian social structure. 2. Mahatma Phule and Narayan Guru brought about awakening among the people regarding social inequality. 3. Gopal Baba Walangkar condemned untouchability through his book 'Vital Vidhwansan'. 4. Periyar Ramaswamy started a movement for the eradication of untouchability in Tamil Nadu. 5. Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde founded the 'Depressed Classes Mission' for the progress of the Dalits. 6. Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj worked to remove restrictions on inter dining, intermarriage and change of occupation. 7. Mahatma Gandhi presented the issue of untouchability before the Indian National Congress. 8. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar dedicated his entire life for the Dalit movement and gave it broader perspective.In simple words: The Dalit movement evolved from early awareness campaigns by Mahatma Phule and Narayan Guru to organized efforts by leaders like Gopal Baba Walangkar, Periyar Ramaswamy, Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde, Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj, Mahatma Gandhi, and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, all working to eradicate untouchability, promote social equality, and dismantle caste-based injustices.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trace the evolution from early awareness (Phule, Narayan Guru) to specific initiatives (Walangkar's book, Periyar's movement, Shinde's Mission, Shahu Maharaj's reforms) and the broader impact of Gandhi and Ambedkar's leadership.

 

Question 4. What work was done for development of workers and Dalits by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar?
Answer:The following work was done by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar for the development of workers and Dalits: 1. He founded the 'Bahishkrut Hitkarni Sabha' to establish social equality. 2. He led the Chavdar Lake Satyagraha in Mahad to make the water reservoir accessible to Dalits. 3. He burnt 'Manusmriti' that advocated social inequality. 4. In 1930, he started Satyagraha for the entry of Dalits in the Kalaram temple at Nashik. 5. He started periodicals such as 'Muknayak', 'Bahishkrut Bharat', Janata', 'Samata' etc. to voice the grievances of the Dalits. 6. He established 'All India Scheduled Caste Federation' to put forth issues of the Dalits in effective manner. 7. He established 'Independent Labour Party' to oppose the laws that went against the interest of the workers. 8. Through the Constitution of India he made a significant contribution to the creation of a social structure based on equality in Modern India.In simple words: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar dedicated his life to empowering workers and Dalits by founding organizations like 'Bahishkrut Hitkarni Sabha' and 'Independent Labour Party', leading direct action like the Mahad and Kalaram temple Satyagrahas, publishing periodicals to amplify Dalit voices, and finally enshrining principles of social equality in the Indian Constitution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on his multi-faceted approach: establishing organizations, leading direct social reform movements, using media (periodicals), and his ultimate constitutional contribution towards social equality.

 

Question 5. Identify the given incident depicted in the picture and write information on it.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र डॉ. बाबासाहेब अम्बेडकर और उनके अनुयायियों द्वारा महाड में चावदार तालाब पर किए गए सत्याग्रह को दर्शाता है। यह सत्याग्रह दलितों को सार्वजनिक जल स्रोतों तक पहुँचने का अधिकार दिलाने के लिए आयोजित किया गया था, क्योंकि उन्हें पीने के पानी के लिए भी अछूत माना जाता था। डॉ. अम्बेडकर ने दलितों के सामाजिक समानता के अधिकार को स्थापित करने के लिए इस अहिंसक विरोध का नेतृत्व किया।
Answer:1. This picture is of the Satyagraha carried out by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and his followers at Chavdar Lake in Mahad. 2. Though the bill regarding opening of public water reservoirs to the Dalits was passed they were denied access. 3. He believed that social equality was the right of Dalits. 4. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and his 8 followers went to Chavdar lake and started a Satyagraha to make the lake water accessible to Dalits.In simple words: The picture depicts the Mahad Satyagraha at Chavdar Lake, where Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar led his followers to assert Dalits' right to access public water, advocating for social equality despite legal provisions being denied in practice.

🎯 Exam Tip: For diagram-based questions, accurately identify the event and its key participants, then elaborate on its significance in the context of the Dalit movement for social equality.

 

Question 6. Why do you feel the structure of the society should be based on equality?
Answer:1. I believe that it is the right of every human being to have society based on equality. 2. Due to inequality, rights of some groups are denied. They do not get opportunities for their development. 3. They face injustice in several forms. They do not get self-respect. 4. Farmers, workers, women and Dalits suffer due to inequality. So, it is important to have structure of the society based on equality.In simple words: A society based on equality ensures that all human beings receive their fundamental rights, opportunities for development, and self-respect, preventing injustice and suffering experienced by marginalized groups like farmers, workers, women, and Dalits.

🎯 Exam Tip: Frame your answer around fundamental human rights, opportunities for development, preventing injustice, and fostering self-respect as core reasons for an egalitarian societal structure.