Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Chapter 10 Armed Revolutionary Movement Solutions

Class 8 History Chapter 10 Armed Revolutionary Movement Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Armed Revolutionary Movement Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 10 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 History Chapter 10 Armed Revolutionary Movement Textbook Questions And Answers

1. Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

(Pandit Shyamji Krishna Varma, Mitramela, Ramsingh Kuka, Anant Laxman Kanhere, Birsa Munda)

Question 1. Swatantryaveer Savarkar started a secret organization of revolutionaries named ............

Answer: Mitramela
In simple words: V.D. Savarkar founded a secret society called Mitramela to inspire revolutionaries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying key revolutionary organizations and their founders is crucial for scoring well in history exams.

 

Question 2. In Punjab, ................. organised an uprising against the Government.

Answer: Ramsinh Kuka
In simple words: Ramsinh Kuka led a rebellion against the British government in Punjab.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the regional leaders and their specific movements against British rule.

 

Question 3. ................. founded the India House.

Answer: Pandit Shyamji Krishna Varma
In simple words: Pandit Shyamji Krishna Varma established India House in London as a hub for Indian revolutionary activities abroad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the founders of influential organizations abroad and their contributions is important.

 

2. Complete The Following Table:

Question 1.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक दो कॉलम वाली तालिका है, जिसमें पहला कॉलम 'Revolutionary' और दूसरा कॉलम 'Organisation' है। तालिका में 'Abhinav Bharat' और 'Barindrakumar Ghosh' के लिए खाली स्थान और 'Chandrashekhar Azad' के लिए खाली संगठन का नाम दर्शाया गया है, जिसे भरने के लिए कहा गया है।
Answer:

Revolutionary	Organisation
1. Swatantryaveer Savarkar	Abhinav Bharat
2. Barindrakumar Ghosh	Anushilan Samiti
3. Chandrashekhar Azad	Hindustan Socialist Republican Army
4. Lala Hardayal	Gadar

In simple words: This table matches prominent revolutionaries with the organizations they founded or were associated with, highlighting their roles in India's freedom struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorizing this table helps in quickly recalling the connections between key figures and their revolutionary groups.

 

3. Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

Question 1. Chafekar brothers killed Rand.

Answer:
1. The Plague epidemic broke out in 1897 in Pune.
2. Commissioner Rand was appointed to manage the Plague epidemic.
3. In course of curtailing the epidemic, he resorted to tyranny and force.
As a revenge, the Chafekar brothers Damodar and Balkrishna shot him dead on 22 June, 1897.
In simple words: The Chafekar brothers killed Commissioner Rand because he used oppressive and tyrannical methods while managing the plague epidemic in Pune.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining reasons, clearly state the cause and effect, providing specific dates or events where possible.

 

Question 2. Khudiram Bose was hanged to death.

Answer:
1. Anushilan Samiti worked with the objective to overthrow the British rule with armed rebellion.
2. Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose were the members of Anushilan Samiti.
3. They planned to kill a judge named Kingsford.
4. They threw a bomb at a vehicle, assuming it to be of Kingsford but the vehicle was not the one carrying him.
5. However, two English women were killed in this attack Khudiram Bose was caught by the police and was hanged.
In simple words: Khudiram Bose was hanged because he, along with Prafulla Chaki, attempted to assassinate Judge Kingsford by throwing a bomb, which mistakenly killed two innocent English women.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific events and their consequences, including who was involved and the outcome, to provide a complete explanation.

 

Question 3. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly.

Answer:
1. The Government had introduced two bills in the Central Legislature.
2. The Bills curtailed civil rights of the people.
3. To protest against these bills, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly.
In simple words: Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly to protest against two government bills that aimed to suppress the civil rights of Indians.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the motive behind key revolutionary acts; often, they were symbolic protests against oppressive British policies.

 

4. Answer The Following In Brief:

Question 1. Write a detail description of the attack on Chittagong Armoury.

Answer:
1. Surya Sen drew a plan to attack the armoury at Chittagong.
2. He and his associates raided two government armouries on the 18th April, 1930.
3. They seized arms and ammunition from the two armouries.
4. He took revolutionaries like Anant Singh, Ganesh Ghosh, Kalpana Datta and Pritilata Waddedar with him.
5. They cut off the telephone and telegraph connections and succeeded in paralysing the communication.
In simple words: Surya Sen led a raid on the Chittagong armoury in 1930, seizing weapons and disrupting communication to cripple British administration and inspire revolt.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include key details like the leader, date, objectives, and specific actions taken during significant events for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 2. Give information about the work of India House.

Answer:
1. India House, founded by Pandit Shyamji Krishna Verma in London, was the centre of revolutionary activities outside India.
2. It provided assistance to the revolutionaries staying abroad.
3. It gave scholarships to the Indian students studying in England.
4. Swatantryaveer Savarkar received such scholarship.
In simple words: India House, founded by Pandit Shyamji Krishna Verma in London, served as a crucial hub for Indian revolutionaries abroad, offering support and scholarships to students while fostering anti-British sentiments.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the founder, location, and the main functions or impacts of organizations like India House.

 

Do You Know?

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र स्वातंत्र्यवीर विनायक दामोदर सावरकर का एक चित्र है, जो भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के एक प्रमुख क्रांतिकारी, लेखक और विचारक थे। वह काले रंग की टोपी और पारंपरिक परिधान में गंभीर मुद्रा में दिख रहे हैं।

Literary And Social Work Of Swatantryaveer Savarkar:

1. In his autobiography, 'Majhi Janmathep' he wrote about his experience of the terrible days in Andaman.
2. After 10 years, he was taken to Ratnagiri and detained there.
3. There Savarkar started many social movements such as removal of caste differences, removal of untouchability, common dining, purification of language, etc.
4. In 1938, he presided over the Marathi Sahitya Sammelan at Mumbai.
5. He wrote two books one The Indian War of Independence 1857' and other biography of Joseph Mazzini, an Italian revolutionary.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a leader's work, highlight their literary contributions, social reforms, and political roles separately for a structured answer.

 

Project:

Question 1. Watch a movie or drama based on the life of revolutionaries and enact your favourite incident in the class.

Answer: (This is a project-based question, no direct answer is provided.)
In simple words: This project encourages students to engage with historical events through visual media and creative role-playing.

🎯 Exam Tip: For project-based questions, focus on active participation, research, and presenting your understanding creatively.

 

Question 2. Prepare a manual based on the saga of revolutionaries.

Answer: (This is a project-based question, no direct answer is provided.)
In simple words: This project involves compiling information about revolutionaries into a guide or handbook, demonstrating research and organizational skills.

🎯 Exam Tip: A good manual should be well-researched, organized, and clearly present information about various revolutionaries and their contributions.

 

Class 8 History Chapter 10 Armed Revolutionary Movement Additional Important Questions And Answers

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

Question 1. A youth named ............ killed Jackson, the collector of Nashik.

Answer: Anant Laxman Kanhere
In simple words: Anant Laxman Kanhere assassinated Jackson, the collector of Nashik, as an act of revolutionary defiance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific individuals with their significant revolutionary actions, especially assassinations of British officials.

 

Question 2. Munda tribe in Bihar revolted under the leadership of................

Answer: Birsa Munda.
In simple words: The Munda tribe's uprising in Bihar was led by Birsa Munda, a prominent tribal revolutionary.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the leaders of tribal revolts, as they represent a distinct facet of the freedom struggle.

 

Name The Following:

Question 1. Killed Rand
1. ...........
2. ...........

Answer:
1. Balkrishna Chafekar
2. Damodar Chafekar
In simple words: Rand, the British officer, was killed by the Chafekar brothers, Damodar and Balkrishna.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "Name the following" questions, recall the individuals directly associated with the described event.

 

Question 2. Planned to kill Judge Kingsford and threw bomb on his vehicle
1. ............
2. ............

Answer:
1. Khudiram Bose
2. Prafulla Chaki
In simple words: Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki were the revolutionaries who conspired to kill Judge Kingsford.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's important to remember both individuals involved in joint revolutionary actions.

 

Question 3. Leaders of Gadar organization
1. ............
2. ............

Answer:
1. Bhai Parmanand
2. Dr. Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje
In simple words: Bhai Parmanand and Dr. Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje were prominent leaders of the Gadar organization.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the key leaders of major revolutionary organizations like Gadar, as their names often appear in questions.

 

Question 4. Threw bomb in Central Legislative Assembly
1. ............
2. ............

Answer:
1. Bhagat Singh
2. Batukeshwar Dutta
In simple words: Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta were responsible for throwing bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the specific participants in iconic revolutionary protests is vital.

 

Question 5. Killed the District Judge
1. ............
2. ............

Answer:
1. Shanti Ghosh
2. Suniti Choudhary.
In simple words: Shanti Ghosh and Suniti Choudhary were the young girls who killed the District Judge.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the roles played by women revolutionaries in the independence movement.

 

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

Question 1. Vasudev Balwant Phadke took the training of arms from ...............
(a) Damodar Chafekar
(b) Vastad Lahuji Salve
(c) Swatantryaveer Savarkar
(d) Babarao Savarkar

Answer: (b) Vastad Lahuji Salve
In simple words: Vasudev Balwant Phadke received his military training from Vastad Lahuji Salve, who taught him the art of warfare.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying the mentors and trainers of early revolutionaries helps understand the origin of armed movements.

 

Question 2. Anushilan Samiti' received counsel and guidance from ...............
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh
(b) Barindrakumar Ghosh
(c) Khudiram Bose
(d) Rash Behari Bose

Answer: (a) Aurobindo Ghosh
In simple words: The Anushilan Samiti, a revolutionary organization, received strategic advice and guidance from Aurobindo Ghosh.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link revolutionary organizations to their spiritual or ideological guides, as these figures often shaped their direction.

 

Question 3. ............... raised the issue of India's independence at the World Socialist Conference.
(a) Pritilata Waddedar
(b) Kalpana Dutta
(c) Madam Cama
(d) Shanti Ghosh

Answer: (c) Madam Cama
In simple words: Madam Cama boldly presented the demand for India's independence on an international platform at the World Socialist Conference.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognise the contributions of Indian leaders on international forums, especially those who advocated for independence abroad.

 

Question 4. ............., a young girl shot dead the Governor during the convocation ceremony of Kolkata University.
(a) Shanti Ghosh
(b) Pritilata Waddedar
(c) Suniti Choudhary
(d) Bina Das

Answer: (d) Bina Das
In simple words: Bina Das, a young revolutionary, shot the Governor during a convocation ceremony at Kolkata University as a defiant act.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific incidents and the revolutionaries involved, particularly those that occurred in public or official settings.

 

Question 5. ............... died in an encounter with police at Alfred Park in Allahabad.
(a) Bhagat Singh
(b) Chandrashekhar Azad
(c) Madanlal Dhingra
(d) Khudiram Bose

Answer: (b) Chandrashekhar Azad
In simple words: Chandrashekhar Azad died fighting in a police encounter at Alfred Park in Allahabad, upholding his pledge of never being caught alive by the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the circumstances and locations of significant deaths of revolutionaries, as they are often historically important.

 

Question 6. In his autobiography, ............... wrote about his experience of the terrible days in Andaman jail.
(a) Bhagat Singh
(b) Vasudev Balwant Phadke
(c) Swatantryaveer Savarkar
(d) Baba Savarkar

Answer: (c) Swatantryaveer Savarkar
In simple words: Swatantryaveer Savarkar documented his harsh experiences in the Andaman jail in his autobiography, 'Majhi Janmathep'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link prominent revolutionaries to their literary works, especially autobiographies which offer insights into their struggles.

 

Question 7. The Anushilan Samiti had a bomb manufacturing unit at ...............
(a) Kolkata
(b) Dhaka
(c) Maniktala
(d) Chittagong

Answer: (c) Maniktala
In simple words: The Anushilan Samiti operated a secret facility for manufacturing bombs in Maniktala.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the operational bases or key locations associated with revolutionary groups provides geographical context.

 

Question 8. The young men of Hindustan Socialist Republic were influenced by ............... ideology.
(a) capitalistic
(b) imperialistic
(c) religious
(d) socialist

Answer: (d) socialist
In simple words: The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association's members were greatly influenced by socialist ideology, aiming for an equitable society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the ideological underpinnings of revolutionary groups, as they shaped their goals beyond mere independence.

 

Question 9. After the British traced the plan of revolt by Gadar Organisation ............... escaped to Japan and continued his revolutionary work.
(a) Vishnu Shastri Pingle
(b) Khudiram Bose
(c) Rash Behari Bose
(d) Chandrashekhar Azad

Answer: (c) Rash Behari Bose
In simple words: Rash Behari Bose, after the Gadar Organisation's revolt plan was exposed, fled to Japan to continue his revolutionary activities from abroad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Track the movements and activities of key revolutionaries, especially those who operated internationally.

 

Question 10. ............... was the chief of revolutionary group in Bengal.
(a) Anant Singh
(b) Ganesh Ghosh
(c) Rash Behari Bose
(d) Surya Sen

Answer: (d) Surya Sen
In simple words: Surya Sen was the prominent leader of the revolutionary movement in Bengal, known for organizing significant armed actions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify regional leaders who spearheaded revolutionary movements in specific parts of India.

 

Identify The Wrong Pair, Correct It And Rewrite:

1. Threw bomb on Lord Hardinge - Khudiram Bose
2. Killed British officer Ash - Vanchhi Iyyer
3. Assassinated Curzon Wylie - Bhagat Singh
4. Killed Dyer in London - Sardar Udham Singh

Answer:
Wrong pair:
Assassinated Curzon Wylie - Bhagat Singh
Corrected pair:
Assassinated Curzon Wylie - Madanlal Dhingra.
In simple words: The incorrect pairing was Curzon Wylie with Bhagat Singh; the correct revolutionary who assassinated Curzon Wylie was Madanlal Dhingra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the exact individuals involved in specific incidents to avoid common factual errors.

 

Answer The Following In One Sentence Each:

Question 1. Who spread the network of revolutionary work outside Bengal?

Answer: Rash Behari Bose and Sachindranath Sanyal spread the network of revolutionary organisation outside Bengal.
In simple words: Rash Behari Bose and Sachindranath Sanyal extended the revolutionary network beyond Bengal.

🎯 Exam Tip: For one-sentence answers, be concise and directly address the question.

 

Question 2. What was the objective in establishing India House?

Answer: The revolutionary work in India received assistance from India House in London and Indian youth were given scholarships for higher education in England.
In simple words: India House aimed to support revolutionary activities in India and provide educational aid to Indian students in England.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the dual purpose of organizations like India House: political and educational support.

 

Question 3. Who prepared anti-British plans with the help of German Foreign ministry?

Answer: Veerendra Nath Chattopadhyay, Bhupen Dutta and Hardayal prepared anti-British plans with the help of German foreign ministry.
In simple words: Veerendra Nath Chattopadhyay, Bhupen Dutta, and Hardayal collaborated with the German Foreign Ministry for anti-British plans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize instances of international collaboration by Indian revolutionaries against British rule.

 

Question 4. Who established Provincial Government of free India in Kabul?

Answer: Mahendra Pratap, Barkatullah and Obaidullah Sindhi established Provincial Government of free India in Kabul.
In simple words: Mahendra Pratap, Barkatullah, and Obaidullah Sindhi formed the Provincial Government of free India in Kabul.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the key figures and locations of provisional governments formed outside India during the freedom struggle.

 

Question 5. What work was entrusted to a separate wing of 'Hindustan Socialist Republican Army'?

Answer: The work of gathering arms and execution of programmes was entrusted to a separate wing of Hindustan Socialist Republican Army.
In simple words: A special wing of the HSRA was responsible for procuring weapons and carrying out their revolutionary programs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the specialized functions within revolutionary organizations, indicating their structured approach.

 

Question 6. How was the death of Lala Lajpat Rai avenged?

Answer: Bhagat Singh and Rajguru fired bullets and killed officer Saunders to avenge death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai's death was avenged when Bhagat Singh and Rajguru assassinated officer Saunders.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific retaliatory actions taken by revolutionaries in response to British atrocities or deaths of leaders.

 

Do As Directed:

Complete The Graphical Presentation:

Question 1.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक प्रवाह चित्र है जो क्रांतिकारी संगठनों के मुख्य उद्देश्यों को दर्शाने के लिए खाली स्थान प्रदान करता है। इसमें 'Main objective of revolutionary organisations' शीर्षक के साथ दो खाली बॉक्स हैं जो विभिन्न उद्देश्यों को भरने के लिए हैं।
Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक प्रवाह चित्र है जो क्रांतिकारी संगठनों के मुख्य उद्देश्यों को पूर्ण रूप से दर्शाता है। इसमें 'Main objective of revolutionary organisations' शीर्षक के नीचे दो प्रमुख उद्देश्य- 'To keep control over British officers' और 'To weaken government machinery' - दिए गए हैं, जो आगे 'Overthrow British rule' और 'Wipe out fear from minds of Indians' जैसे अंतिम लक्ष्यों की ओर ले जाते हैं।
In simple words: The graphical presentation illustrates the primary goals of revolutionary organizations, such as weakening British control and inspiring fearlessness among Indians to ultimately overthrow British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: For graphical questions, clearly fill in the blanks with concise and accurate points representing the core ideas.

 

Question 2.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक आरेख है जिसका शीर्षक 'Important revolutionaries of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association' है। इसके नीचे चार खाली स्थान हैं, जिन्हें हिंदुस्तान सोशलिस्ट रिपब्लिकन एसोसिएशन के महत्वपूर्ण क्रांतिकारियों के नामों से भरना है।
Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक पूर्ण आरेख है जिसमें 'Important revolutionaries of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association' शीर्षक के तहत प्रमुख क्रांतिकारियों के नाम जैसे 'Chandrashekhar Azad', 'Bhagat Singh', 'Rajguru', और 'Sukhdev' सूचीबद्ध हैं, जो संगठन के प्रमुख सदस्यों को दर्शाते हैं।
In simple words: This completed diagram lists the key figures of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association: Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to identify and list prominent members of significant revolutionary groups like the HSRA.

 

Question 3.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक प्रवाह चित्र है जो 'Revolutionaries involved in Chittagong Armoury' शीर्षक के तहत पांच खाली स्थान प्रदान करता है, जिन्हें चटगाँव शस्त्रागार हमले में शामिल क्रांतिकारियों के नामों से भरना है।
Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक पूर्ण प्रवाह चित्र है जिसमें 'Revolutionaries involved in Chittagong Armoury' शीर्षक के तहत प्रमुख क्रांतिकारियों के नाम जैसे 'Surya Sen', 'Ganesh Ghosh', 'Kalpana Dutta', 'Pritilata Waddedar', और 'Anant Singh' सूचीबद्ध हैं, जो चटगाँव शस्त्रागार हमले में उनकी भूमिका को दर्शाते हैं।
In simple words: This completed diagram identifies the key revolutionaries involved in the Chittagong Armoury raid: Surya Sen, Ganesh Ghosh, Kalpana Dutta, Pritilata Waddedar, and Anant Singh.

🎯 Exam Tip: For events like the Chittagong Armoury raid, remember the collective leadership and key participants.

 

Write Short Notes:

Question 1. Vasudev Balwant Phadke:

Answer:
1. Vasudev Baiwant Phadke gave an armed struggle against the British in Maharashtra.
2. He was of the opinion that there should be armed struggle to fight against the British.
3. Vastad Lahuji Salve gave him training of arms.
4. He organized Ramoshis and led armed struggle in Maharashtra, but was unsuccessful.
5. He was sent to Eden Jail by the British Government where he died in 1883.
In simple words: Vasudev Balwant Phadke was an early Indian revolutionary who advocated armed rebellion against the British in Maharashtra, trained under Vastad Lahuji Salve, and organized the Ramoshis, but was eventually imprisoned where he died.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing short notes, include key biographical details, major contributions, and the ultimate fate of the individual.

 

Question 2. Literary and Social work of Swatantryaveer Savarkar:

Answer:
1. When Swatantryaveer Savarkar was detained in the Ratnagiri jail, he started many social movements such as removal of caste differences, removal of untouchability, common dining, purification of language, etc.
2. in his autobiography, 'Majhi Janmathep' he wrote about his experiences of the terrible days in Andaman where he spent ten years.
3. He wrote the book 'The Indian War of Independence 1857' in which he stated 1857 rebellion as the first war of independence.
4. He wrote an inspiring biography of Joseph Mazzini.
5. Savarkar was a great writer, social worker and revolutionary.
In simple words: Swatantryaveer Savarkar, beyond his revolutionary acts, initiated significant social reforms against caste discrimination and untouchability, and authored influential books like 'Majhi Janmathep' and 'The Indian War of Independence 1857', contributing both to literature and social change.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multi-faceted personalities like Savarkar, categorize their contributions (e.g., social, literary, revolutionary) for clarity and completeness.

 

Question 3. Kakori Conspiracy:

Answer:
1. After Gandhiji suspended Civil Disobedience, many youngsters like Chandrashekhar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Yogesh Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal got diverted to revolutionary ways.
2. On 9th August, 1925 they looted the Government treasury that was on a train near Kakori railway station in Uttar Pradesh.
3. However, due to the immediate action of the government the revolutionaries were arrested and put on trial.
4. Ashfaqulla Khan, Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahiri were hanged.
5. Chandrashekhar Azad managed to escape.
In simple words: The Kakori Conspiracy was a train robbery orchestrated by revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad and Ram Prasad Bismil on August 9, 1925, targeting the British government treasury, leading to arrests and the hanging of key members, though Azad escaped.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing events like the Kakori Conspiracy, ensure you mention the date, location, key participants, the act itself, and its consequences.

Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

 

Question 1. Swatantryaveer Savarkar was sentenced to fifty years of rigorous imprisonment.
Answer:1. On knowing the activities of Abhinav Bharat, the government arrested Babarao Savarkar and sentenced to life imprisonment. 2. Anant Laxman Kanhere killed Jackson, collector of Nashik in retaliation. 3. The government linked Abhinav Bharat and Savarkar with his murder. 4. He was arrested and put on trial. So, the court sentenced him to fifty years of rigorous imprisonment.
In simple words: Savarkar was sentenced to 50 years because the government linked him and his organization, Abhinav Bharat, to the killing of Jackson, the collector of Nashik.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to connect Savarkar's organization (Abhinav Bharat) and the specific retaliatory act (killing of Jackson) as key reasons for his rigorous imprisonment.

 

Question 2. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged.
Answer:1. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw a bomb in Central Legislative Assembly. 2. The British Government started arresting the revolutionaries. They immediately raided the centres of 'Hindustan Socialist Republican Army' and got clues related to the killing of Saunders. 3. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were tried under the charge of sedition. 4. They were hanged in the Lahore jail on 23 March 1931.
In simple words: Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were hanged for their involvement in the Central Legislative Assembly bombing, subsequent police raids on the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army, and their connection to the killing of Saunders.

🎯 Exam Tip: Crucially recall the specific event (bombing the assembly), the organization (HSRA), and the associated act (Saunders' killing) to explain their hanging.

 

Question 3. Madanlal Dhingra was hanged to death.
Answer:1. India House was an important centre which provided assistance to Indian revolutionaries staying abroad. 2. Madanlal Dhingra was a youth associated with India House. 3. He killed Curzon Wylie, a British Officer, therefore he was hanged to death.
In simple words: Madanlal Dhingra, a revolutionary associated with India House in London, was hanged for assassinating British officer Curzon Wylie.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Dhingra's association with India House and the specific British officer he killed (Curzon Wylie) as the direct cause for his execution.

Answer The Following In Brief:

 

Question 1. State the aims and objectives of the 'Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
Answer:1. The main objective of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was to free India from British exploitation. 2. It also aimed at overthrowing the unjust socio-economic order which exploited the farmers and workers. 3. It aimed at creation of a society based on social justice and equality.
In simple words: The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association aimed to liberate India from British exploitation, dismantle the exploitative socio-economic system, and establish a society founded on social justice and equality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the dual objectives: political freedom from British rule and social reform for justice and equality within India.

 

Question 2. Explain the work of Madam Cama.
Answer:1. Madam Cama was related with the revolutionary work of India House. 2. She raised the issue of India's independence at the World Socialist Conference held at Stuttgart in Germany. 3. She unfurled the flag of India at this conference.
In simple words: Madam Cama was a revolutionary associated with India House who famously advocated for India's independence at the World Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany, where she also unfurled the Indian flag.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key points are her association with India House, raising the independence issue at the World Socialist Conference, and unfurling the Indian flag.

Answer The Following In Detail:

 

Question 1. Explain the contribution of Swatantryaveer Savarkar in the armed revolutionary movement.
Answer:1. Swatantryaveer Savarkar founded 'Mitramela' in 1900 at Nashik and renamed it as 'Abhinav Bharat' in 1904. 2. He went to England for higher studies, despatched revolutionary literature, guns to the members of Abhinav Bharat in India. 3. The government linked murder of Jackson to Swatantryaveer Savarkar and arrested him. 4. He was put under trial. The court ordered rigorous punishment for 50 years in Andaman jail. 5. His contribution is great in the armed revolution of India.
In simple words: Swatantryaveer Savarkar played a pivotal role in the armed revolutionary movement by founding 'Mitramela' (later Abhinav Bharat), sending revolutionary materials to India from England, and enduring a 50-year sentence in Andaman jail for his perceived involvement in anti-British activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing Savarkar's contribution, ensure you mention the formation of Abhinav Bharat, his activities abroad, and his ultimate imprisonment as central points.

 

Question 2. Give a brief account of the 'Anushilan Samiti'.
Answer:1. After the partition of Bengal, the outrage against the British became more severe. 2. In Bengal, a revolutionary organisation called 'Anushilan Samiti' was active. 3. This organisation received counsel and guidance from Aurobindo Ghosh. 4. Barindrakumar Ghosh was chief of this organisation. 5. In 1908, members of Anushilan Samiti, Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose made an unsuccessful attempt to kill a judge Kingsford. 6. During the investigation, police got information about the work of Anushilan Samiti. 7. So, the government started arresting members of Anushilan Samiti. 8. The government was unsuccessful in linking Aurobindo Ghosh to the manufacturing of bombs. 9. Other members were sentenced to jail for longer period.
In simple words: The Anushilan Samiti was a prominent revolutionary organization in Bengal, led by Barindrakumar Ghosh and guided by Aurobindo Ghosh, which engaged in armed activities against the British, including an assassination attempt on Judge Kingsford, leading to widespread arrests of its members.

🎯 Exam Tip: Outline the Samiti's origin in Bengal, its leadership, its major revolutionary act (Kingsford attempt), and the consequences (arrests) to provide a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 3. Write about the activities of Gadar Organisation.
Answer:1. The Indians settled in America and Canada established the Gadar Organisation. 2. The word Gadar means revolt. The objective of the organisation was to revolt against the British and free India from British rule. 3. Lala Hardayal, Bhai Parmanand, Dr. Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje were the important revolutionaries of the organisation. 4. Gadar' Journal, the mouthpiece of the organisation voiced the evil effects of the British rule on India and published the news regarding the heroic deeds of the Indian revolutionaries. 5. It conveyed the message of patriotism and armed rebellion to the Indian people. 6. During the British rule, the Gadar Organisation decided to take advantage of the discontent against the British rule. 7. It incited the Indian soldiers to revolt against the government. 8. Rash Behari Bose and Vishnu Ganesh Pingle were entrusted the responsibility to lead the revolt. 9. However, the plan could not materialise due to treachery. 10. Pingle was arrested and hanged. 11. Rash Behari Bose managed to escape to Japan.
In simple words: The Gadar Organisation, formed by Indians in America and Canada, aimed to ignite a revolt against British rule to achieve India's independence, publishing a journal to spread its message and attempting to incite mutiny among Indian soldiers, though their major planned uprising was thwarted.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the organization's origin (outside India), its core objective (revolt), key leaders, its propaganda through the 'Gadar' Journal, and the attempted but ultimately failed revolt plan.

 

Question 4. What difference have you noted between the Moderates, Extremists and Revolutionary.
Answer:The struggle against the British was fought in three ways. The difference in the way is as follows: 1. The moderates advocated peaceful and constitutional means. They believed in appeals and petitions. They tried to disrupt the working of the government from within. After their demands were met, they would put forth new demands. Thus, they believed in constitutional methods. 2. The approach of extremists was severe. They were of the opinion that if lakhs of people take part in the freedom movement and challenge the British government only then success could be achieved. 3. Revolutionary wanted to fight the British in armed way. According to them, there should be armed struggle against the British. They adopted methods like killing the British officers, raiding the government treasury, disrupting transport and communication, etc. All the three ways are different but had one objective of achieving Independence for India.
In simple words: Moderates sought independence through constitutional means like petitions, Extremists advocated for mass public participation and challenging the government, while Revolutionaries believed in armed struggle, including assassinations and raids, to forcefully overthrow British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each group's primary method – Moderates: constitutional, Extremists: mass movement, Revolutionaries: armed struggle – to distinguish their approaches effectively.