Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Chapter 12 India Gains Independence Solutions

Class 8 History Chapter 12 India Gains Independence Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

India Gains Independence Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 12 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 History Chapter 12 India Gains Independence Textbook Questions And Answers

1. Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

Question 1........... was the head of the interim Government.
(a) Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Barrister Jinnah
Answer: (c) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
In simple words: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was chosen to lead the interim government established before India's full independence.
In simple words: The interim government was a provisional government formed in 1946 to manage the transition of power, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key figures associated with the interim government, as this often appears in multiple-choice questions about India's path to independence.

Question 2.The plan of creation of two independent nations, India and Pakistan, was made by ..........
(a) Lord Wavell
(b) Stafford Cripps
(c) Lord Mountbatten
(d) Pethick Lawrence
Answer: (c) Lord Mountbatten
In simple words: Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India, proposed the plan for the partition of India into two independent nations, India and Pakistan.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Mountbatten Plan is crucial for understanding the partition, so know its key provisions and the role of Lord Mountbatten.

2. Answer The Following In One Sentence:

Question 1.Which demand was advocated by Barrister Jinnah?
Answer: The two nation theory and demand of separate Muslim nation named Pakistan was advocated by Barrister Jinnah.
In simple words: Barrister Jinnah championed the "Two-Nation Theory," demanding a separate Muslim state called Pakistan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Jinnah's core demand and the associated theory, as it's fundamental to the partition narrative.

Question 2.Write the names of the ministers participating in Cabinet Mission.
Answer: Pethick Lawrence, Stafford Cripps and A.V. Alexander were the ministers participating in the Cabinet Mission.
In simple words: The Cabinet Mission included Pethick Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the members of significant missions like the Cabinet Mission helps in understanding the British efforts for power transfer.

3. Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

Question 1.The Indian National Congress approved the partition.
Answer:
1. Lord Mountbatten prepared a plan of creation of India and Pakistan as two independent nations.
2. Indian National Congress opposed the plan of partition as unity of the Nation was its basic stand.
3. However, the Muslim League remained adamant on the creation of Pakistan.
4. So, the Indian National Congress was left with no option but to accept the partition with complete helplessness.
In simple words: Despite opposing the partition on the principle of national unity, the Indian National Congress reluctantly accepted it due to the Muslim League's unwavering demand for Pakistan and the escalating communal violence, leaving them no other viable option.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining historical decisions, always provide context on the circumstances and the conflicting viewpoints that led to the final outcome.

Question 2.The working of Interim Government could not run smoothly.
Answer:
1. Muslim League demanded a separate Muslim nation of Pakistan.
2. The followers of the Muslim League resorted to violent ways.
3. Though the Muslim League declined to participate initially, they later participated in it.
4. However, the leaders of the Muslim League adopted the policy of obstruction and therefore the Interim Government could not run smoothly.
In simple words: The Interim Government faced constant disruption because the Muslim League, pushing for a separate Pakistan and engaging in violent acts, adopted a policy of obstruction even after joining, making smooth governance impossible.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the challenges of the interim period, highlight the role of political disagreements and disruptive tactics by various groups.

Question 3.The Wavell Plan could not succeed.
Answer: The Wavell Plan could not succeed because
1. Barrister Jinnah insisted that only Muslim League should have the right to suggest the names of Muslim representatives to the Viceroy's Executive Council.
2. The Congress opposed this and as a result, no consensus could be arrived at the meeting called by Lord Wavell.
In simple words: The Wavell Plan failed because Barrister Jinnah's insistence that only the Muslim League could nominate Muslim members to the Viceroy's Executive Council was rejected by the Congress, leading to a deadlock.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the specific demands and disagreements between key political parties is vital for explaining the failure of proposals like the Wavell Plan.

4. Write The Events On The Following Timeline:

Question 1.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक समयरेखा है जो 1945 से 1948 तक के महत्वपूर्ण ऐतिहासिक वर्षों को दर्शाती है। यह छात्रों को उन विशिष्ट वर्षों से संबंधित प्रमुख घटनाओं को क्रमबद्ध करने में मदद करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Timelines are excellent for memorizing the chronological order of events. Practice filling them out to reinforce historical sequencing.

5. Answer The Following Questions In Brief:

Question 1.Why did the British took steps towards granting freedom to India?
Answer:
1. The Indian freedom struggle had become very intense during the period of Second World War. The revolt of Navy and Air Force shook the foundation of the British empire.
2. The demand for independence of India was gaining its strength.
3. The Muslim League had demanded a separate Muslim nation.
4. The followers of the Muslim League resorted to violence.
5. The British government realised that it was necessary to take a serious note of it. They realised that their rule in India will not last long.
Accordingly, the British government started preparing plans for granting Independence to India.
In simple words: The British decided to grant India freedom due to the intensifying independence movement, revolts by the armed forces, growing demand for self-rule, Muslim League's demand for Pakistan, and widespread violence, recognizing that their imperial rule was unsustainable.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the reasons for British withdrawal, include both the internal pressures from India's freedom struggle and the external factors like the post-WWII weakened British economy.

Question 2.Write information about the Mountbatten Plan.
Answer:
1. England's Prime Minister Atlee announced the transfer of power would be before June 1948.
2. He appointed Lord Mountbatten as the Viceroy of India who was to arrange the transfer of power.
3. He held discussions with the leaders of India.
4. Mountbatten prepared a plan for partition of India i.e., creation of two independent nations, India and Pakistan.
5. The Indian National Congress opposed the plan.
6. But, due to the adamant behaviour of the Muslim League, the Indian National Congress accepted the Plan, with complete helplessness.
7. On the basis of Mountbatten Plan, Indian Independence Act was passed.
In simple words: The Mountbatten Plan, formulated by Lord Mountbatten, outlined the partition of British India into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, leading to the Indian Independence Act, which was reluctantly accepted by Congress due to the Muslim League's firm stance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list the provisions and consequences of the Mountbatten Plan, as it directly led to India's independence and partition.

Question 3.Why did Muslim League declare to observe 16 August as Direct Action Day? What were its effects?
Answer:
1. The Muslim League was adamant on the demand of Pakistan.
2. It was not satisfied with Cabinet Mission plan as it had no provision for a separate Muslim state.
3. 16th August 1946 was observed as Direct Action Day.
4. The followers of Muslim League resorted to violent ways.
5. There were Hindu-Muslim riots in various parts of the country.
6. There were massacres in the Noakhali region in the province of Bengal.
In simple words: The Muslim League declared August 16, 1946, as Direct Action Day to vehemently press its demand for Pakistan after being dissatisfied with the Cabinet Mission Plan; this day resulted in widespread communal riots and massacres across India, especially in Bengal.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing Direct Action Day, emphasize both the Muslim League's motivations and the severe, violent consequences it had across the nation.

Project:

Collect information about the response of common people after gaining independence, with the help of various reference books as well as the internet.

Class 8 History Chapter 12 India Gains Independence Additional Important Questions And Answers

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

Question 1........... put forth the two Nation theory and demanded a separate Muslim nation.
(a) Barrister Muhammad Ali Jinnah
(b) Chaudhary Rahmat Ali
(c) Dr. Muhammad Iqbal
(d) Lord Mountbatten
Answer: (a) Barrister Muhammad Ali Jinnah
In simple words: Barrister Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the key proponent of the two-nation theory and the demand for an independent Muslim nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between those who coined the name "Pakistan" and those who actively advocated the Two-Nation Theory for a separate state.

Question 2........... Prime Minister of England, declared that England would leave its dominion on India before June 194.
(a) Winston Churchill
(b) Linlithgo
(c) Atlee
(d) Mountbatten
Answer: (c) Atlee
In simple words: Prime Minister Atlee announced Britain's intention to transfer power to India by June 1948.

🎯 Exam Tip: Attlee's declaration was a pivotal moment in the timeline of India's independence, signifying Britain's formal commitment to withdrawal.

Question 3.The .......... initially refused to participate in the Interim Government.
(a) Indian National Congress
(b) Muslim League
(c) Hindu Mahasabha
(d) Kisan Sabha
Answer: (b) Muslim League
In simple words: The Muslim League initially declined to join the Interim Government, aiming to prevent its smooth functioning and emphasize their demand for Pakistan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the Muslim League's initial non-participation in the Interim Government as a strategy to bolster their demand for a separate state.

Question 4.The Muslim League decided to observe 16th August as .......... Day.
(a) Non Violence
(b) Pakistan
(c) Direct Action
(d) Independence
Answer: (c) Direct Action
In simple words: The Muslim League designated August 16th as "Direct Action Day" to demonstrate its demand for Pakistan through mass protests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Direct Action Day marks a significant turning point in communal relations leading up to India's partition.

Question 5.As per ........., India got independence.
(a) Mountbatten Plan
(b) Wavell Plan
(c) Indian Independence Act
(d) Cabinet Mission
Answer: (c) Indian Independence Act
In simple words: India achieved independence based on the legal framework provided by the Indian Independence Act.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Indian Independence Act was the formal legal document that brought about India's freedom and partition, so understanding its basis is important.

Question 6.Gandhiji was assassinated on ..........
(a) 30 December 1947
(b) 30 January 194
(c) 30 March 194
(d) 2 October 194
Answer: (b) 30 January 194
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi was tragically assassinated on January 30, 1948.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the date of Gandhiji's assassination is a common factual question in history exams.

Name The Following:

Question 1.First person to present idea of free Muslim nation.
Answer: Dr. Muhammad Iqbal
In simple words: Dr. Muhammad Iqbal first conceptualized the idea of a separate Muslim nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's important to distinguish between those who conceived the idea of a separate Muslim state and those who later pushed for its political realization.

Question 2.Last Viceroy of India.
Answer: Lord Mountbatten
In simple words: Lord Mountbatten was the final Viceroy governing British India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remembering Lord Mountbatten as the last Viceroy is key to understanding the final phase of British rule and partition.

Question 3.One who presented idea of Pakistan.
Answer: Chaudhary Rahmat Ali
In simple words: Chaudhary Rahmat Ali is credited with coining the name "Pakistan".

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that while Iqbal proposed the concept, Rahmat Ali gave the independent Muslim state its famous name.

Question 4.Went to Noakhali to stop violence
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi.
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi visited Noakhali to quell the communal violence that erupted during the partition period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Gandhiji's efforts in Noakhali highlight his commitment to peace and non-violence even amid widespread communal strife.

Answer The Following In One Sentence:

Question 1.What did Prime Minister Atlee declare in the British Parliament of England?
Answer: Prime Minister Atlee declared in the British Parliament that England would transfer all of its government responsibility to Indians not later than June 1948.
In simple words: Prime Minister Atlee announced in Parliament that Britain would hand over governmental responsibility to Indians by June 1948.

🎯 Exam Tip: Attlee's declaration set a clear deadline for British withdrawal, intensifying political negotiations in India.

Question 2.Why did the Interim Government not work smoothly?
Answer: The Interim Government could not work smoothly because the Muslim League followed the policy of obstruction.
In simple words: The Interim Government faced constant hurdles due to the Muslim League's policy of obstruction.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Muslim League's obstructive policies were a major factor in the dysfunction of the Interim Government, leading to further political stalemates.

Answer The Following Questions In Brief:

Question 1.Which were the important provisions : of the Wavell Plan?
Answer:
1. The Wavell Plan provided a proper representation to Muslims, Dalits and minorities in the Central and Provincial Legislatures.
2. It provided for an equal number of Hindu and Muslim members in Viceroy's Executive Council.
In simple words: The Wavell Plan proposed fair representation for Muslims, Dalits, and minorities in legislatures, and aimed for equal Hindu and Muslim members in the Viceroy's Executive Council.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the key proposals of the Wavell Plan, especially regarding communal representation, to explain why it ultimately failed.

Question 2.State the provisions of the Indian Independence Act.
Answer: The Indian Independence Act was passed on the basis of Mountbatten Plan on 18th July, 1947.
According to the plan :
1. Two Independent nations of India and Pakistan will come into existence on 15th August, 1947.
2. Thereafter, the British Parliament would not retain any control over them.
3. The British supremacy over the princely states would come to an end.
4. They would be free to join either India or Pakistan or remain independent.
In simple words: The Indian Independence Act, based on the Mountbatten Plan, created independent nations of India and Pakistan on August 15, 1947, ended British control over them, abolished British paramountcy over princely states, and allowed princely states to join either nation or remain independent.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Indian Independence Act is a cornerstone of India's modern history; know its provisions thoroughly, especially concerning partition and the end of paramountcy.

Question 3.Write about the attainment of independence by India.
Answer:
1. As per the Indian Independence Act, India was granted Independence on 15th August, 1947.
2. A meeting of the Constituent Assembly was going on in the hall of Parliament House in Delhi in the midnight of 14th August.
3. At the stroke of midnight, the Union Jack of Britain was lowered and in its place the Indian tricolour flag was unfurled.
In simple words: India achieved independence on August 15, 1947, as per the Indian Independence Act; the formal transfer of power occurred at midnight on August 14th in the Parliament House, with the lowering of the British flag and hoisting of the Indian tricolour.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific date, location, and symbolic actions that marked India's attainment of independence.

Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

Question 1.The Cabinet Mission Plan could not satisfy the political parties in India.
Answer: The Cabinet Mission Plan could not satisfy the political parties in India because,
1. The Indian National Congress was not happy with some of its provisions.
2. The Muslim League was also dissatisfied with the plan as it did not provide for the creation of a separate Muslim state of Pakistan.
In simple words: The Cabinet Mission Plan failed to satisfy both the Indian National Congress due to certain provisions and the Muslim League because it did not explicitly grant the creation of a separate state of Pakistan.

🎯 Exam Tip: The failure of the Cabinet Mission Plan highlights the irreconcilable differences between Congress and the Muslim League regarding India's future structure.

Question 2.The joy of attainment of freedom was not untinted:
Answer:
1. India attained Independence from the slavery of 150 years.
2. But, the people were grieved due to the partition of the country and the terrible violence during that period.
So, the joy of attainment of freedom was not untinted.
In simple words: While India gained freedom after 150 years of British rule, the joy was marred by the pain of the country's partition and the brutal communal violence that accompanied it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the dual nature of independence-the triumph of freedom juxtaposed with the tragedy of partition and its human cost.

Answer The Following In Detail:

Question 1.State the genesis of Pakistan.
Answer:
1. To weaken the national movement, the British adopted the policy of 'divide and rule'. Its consequence was the establishment of 'Muslim League'.
2. Famous poet, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal put forth the idea of an independent Muslim state.
3. Later Chaudhary Rahmat Ali coined the name Pakistan.
4. Barrister Muhammad Ali Jinnah put forth the two nation theory and demanded a separate state for the Muslims naming Pakistan.
5. Barrister Jinnah and the Muslim League started the propaganda that Indian National Congress was only a Hindu organisation and the Muslims have no benefit of it.
6. Since their demand was not fulfilled, they observed 'Direct Action Day' and resorted to violence.
7. The nation witnessed Hindu-Muslim riots in various parts.
8. After the consent of the Indian National Congress to the Mountbatten Plan, the Indian Independence Act provided for the partition.
In simple words: The idea of Pakistan emerged from the British 'divide and rule' policy, formalized by Dr. Muhammad Iqbal's concept and Chaudhary Rahmat Ali coining the name, then politically championed by Barrister Jinnah and the Muslim League, leading to Direct Action Day, widespread violence, and ultimately, partition under the Indian Independence Act.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing the genesis of Pakistan, trace its evolution from an initial concept to a political demand and the subsequent events leading to its creation.

Question 2.Why do you think everyone needs freedom?
Answer:
1. Freedom is liberation from any kind of bondage.
2. The rights of people are denied under foreign rule.
3. Lot of restrictions are imposed by a foreign power.
4. Under a foreign rule or dictatorship, power is not used for the welfare of the people but for the benefit of few.
5. All round development of the citizens take place in an independent free state.
6. Equality, Fraternity, Justice, Humanity are values which are cherished in freedom. Therefore, everyone needs freedom.
In simple words: Everyone needs freedom because it provides liberation from control, ensures fundamental rights, removes oppressive restrictions, allows for holistic citizen development, and upholds essential human values like equality, fraternity, justice, and humanity.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the importance of freedom, connect it to fundamental human rights, holistic development, and core democratic values.

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