Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Solutions

1. Write The Meaning:

Question 1. Chauthai.
Answer: One fourth part of the revenue
In simple words: Chauthai was a tax equal to one-fourth of the land revenue, historically levied by the Marathas on conquered or tributary territories to assert their sovereignty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Chauthai was a significant source of revenue for the Maratha Empire, crucial for funding their military and administration.

Question 2. Sardeshmukhi.
Answer: One tenth part of the revenue
In simple words: Sardeshmukhi was an additional levy of ten percent on the land revenue, demanded by the Marathas as a payment for the hereditary claim of being the chief head (Sardeshmukh) of a region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi; both were Maratha levies but differed in percentage and underlying claim (sovereignty vs. hereditary right).

2. Write The Answer In One Word:

Question 1. Balaji was from this town in Konkan.
Answer: Shrivardhan
In simple words: Balaji, referring to Balaji Vishwanath, the first Peshwa, hailed from the coastal town of Shrivardhan in the Konkan region of Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the origins of key historical figures like Balaji Vishwanath can help place them geographically and understand their initial influences.

Question 2. He ruled Bundelkhand.
Answer: King Chhatrasal
In simple words: King Chhatrasal was the ruler of Bundelkhand, a region in central India, and was known for his alliance with the Marathas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the importance of alliances, such as that between King Chhatrasal and the Marathas, in shaping regional power dynamics during this period.

Question 3. Bajirao died at this place.
Answer: Raverkhedi
In simple words: Bajirao I, the famous Maratha Peshwa, passed away at Raverkhedi, a place located on the banks of the Narmada river.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recalling the death locations of prominent historical figures can sometimes be an easy mark in factual recall questions.

Question 4. He defeated the Portuguese.
Answer: Chimajiappa
In simple words: Chimajiappa, the brother of Bajirao I, was a skilled Maratha general who notably defeated the Portuguese in several key battles, expanding Maratha influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the contributions of important Maratha generals like Chimajiappa, recognizing their role in military victories and territorial expansion.

3. Write About Them In Your Own Words:

Question 1. KanhojiAngre
Answer:
• Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
• He choose Maharani Tarabai's side.
• He attacked areas which belong to Shahu Maharaj.
• Shahu Maharaj appointed Balaji as Peshwa.
• Balaji was sent against Kanhoji.
• Balaji diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj's side.
In simple words: Kanhoji Angre was a powerful Maratha naval chief who initially sided with Maharani Tarabai against Shahu Maharaj. However, through the diplomatic efforts of Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, Kanhoji was eventually persuaded to support Shahu Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the strategic importance of naval power, and how diplomatic skill (Balaji's) could resolve conflicts without extensive warfare, strengthening the Maratha state.

Question 2. The Battle of Palkhed
Answer:
• Mughal Emperor Farukhsear appointed Nijam-ul-Mulk as the Subhedar of Deccan.
• The Emperor gave Marathas the right to collect chauthai, Sardeshmukhi from the Mughals.
• The Nizam was against it.
• Bajirao decided to attack the Nizam and he defeated Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.
In simple words: The Battle of Palkhed occurred because Nizam-ul-Mulk, the Mughal Subhedar of Deccan, opposed the Marathas' right to collect chauthai and Sardeshmukhi. Bajirao I decisively defeated the Nizam in this battle, asserting Maratha authority in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the causes (Nizam's opposition to Maratha levies) and effects (Maratha victory and assertion of rights) of the Battle of Palkhed.

Question 3. Balaji Vishwanath:
Answer:
• Balaji Vishwanath was a prominent Maratha Sardar.
• He hailed from Shrivardhan, a town in Konkan.
• He was industrious and experienced.
• He convinced many Sardars to join hands with Shahu Maharaj.
• Kanhoji Angre, the chief of the Maratha Navy was against Shahu Maharaj and sided with Maharani Tarabai.
• He was sent against Kanhoji.
• Balaji avoided the war and diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj's side.
In simple words: Balaji Vishwanath, an able and experienced Maratha Sardar from Shrivardhan, became the first Peshwa and was instrumental in uniting various Maratha chiefs under Shahu Maharaj's leadership, notably turning Kanhoji Angre to Shahu's side through diplomacy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Balaji Vishwanath's diplomatic skills and his role in consolidating Shahu Maharaj's power, which laid the foundation for the expansion of the Maratha Empire.

Question 4. Bajirao I
Answer:
(i) After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made Bajirao I Peshwa in CE1720.
(ii) He expanded the Maratha Empire during his tenure of 20 years.
(iii) Nizam, the Subhedar of Deccan did not allow the Marathas the right to collect chauthai and sardeshmukhi.
(iv) Bajirao attacked Nizam and defeated him at Palkhed near Aurangabad.
(v) Under the leadership of his brother Chimajiappa. Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar to strengthen the position of the Marathas in Malwa.
(vi) Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khan Bangush attacked on Bundelkhand. The king of Bundelkhand, Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to help him.
(vii) Bajirao defeated Bangush. The King Chhatrasal honoured Bajirao on large scale.
In simple words: Bajirao I, who became Peshwa in 1720, was a brilliant military general who significantly expanded the Maratha Empire over two decades. He famously defeated the Nizam at Palkhed and helped King Chhatrasal of Bundelkhand, asserting Maratha dominance across central India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Bajirao I's military prowess, strategic expansion, and his key victories, which were instrumental in making the Maratha Empire a dominant power.

4. Give Reasons:

Question 1. Two separate Maratha States were formed.
Answer:
(i) There was a battle between Shahu Maharaj and Maharani Tarabai for the throne/gadi.
(ii) Shahu Maharaj won the battle and captured Satara.
(iii) He got himself crowned and Satara became the capital of the Maratha kingdom.
(iv) In 1710, Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son Shivaji II as Chhatrapati at Panhalgad. Since then, a separate state of Kolhapur apart from Satara state came into existence in the Maratha Empire.
In simple words: Two separate Maratha states were formed due to a succession dispute between Shahu Maharaj and Maharani Tarabai. While Shahu Maharaj established his capital at Satara, Tarabai crowned her son Shivaji II at Panhalgad, leading to the formation of the Kolhapur state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the succession crisis after Aurangzeb's death and the roles of Shahu Maharaj and Tarabai is crucial for explaining the division of the Maratha Empire into two states.

Question 2. Azamshah released Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.
Answer:
(i) Azamshah thought that if he released Shahu Maharaj from his custody, then there will be a fight between Maharani Tarabai and Shahu Maharaj for the throne of Chhatrapati.
(ii) The Maratha power will become weak and therefore Azamshah released Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.
In simple words: Azamshah released Shahu Maharaj from custody with a strategic motive: he believed that Shahu's return would spark a power struggle with Maharani Tarabai, thereby weakening the Maratha Empire and preventing it from becoming a formidable opponent to the Mughals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the political motivations behind Azamshah's decision, illustrating how external powers tried to exploit internal divisions within the Maratha Empire.

Question 3. Delhi Darbar needed the help of the Marathas.
Answer:
(i) The Mughal Empire was threatened by the north-west Irani and Afgani attacks.
(ii) Local kings like Pathans, Rajputs, Jats and Rohilas also posed a threat for them.
(iii) The internal competition and tussle in die court also weakened the Mughal powers. Hence, Delhi Darbar needed the help Marathas.
In simple words: The Delhi Darbar, representing the weakening Mughal Empire, needed Maratha assistance due to growing threats from northern invaders like Iranians and Afghans, internal rebellions by local rulers, and severe factionalism within the Mughal court, all of which had significantly diminished their own strength.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyze the multiple factors (external invasions, internal rebellions, court rivalries) that led to the decline of the Mughal Empire and its reliance on Maratha power for stability.

Activity:

Get a biography of Maharani Tarabai and present an inspiring event in her life.

Complete The Sentence By Choosing The Appropriate Word From The Options Given Below:

Question 1. Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj had got himself crowned at ____ (Pune, Satara, Malwa)
Answer: Satara
In simple words: Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj established his capital and was crowned in Satara, which became the center of his Maratha kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Satara as the first capital established by Shahu Maharaj after his release and victory in the succession war.

Question 2. At the time of Aurangzeb's death, Shahajada ____ was in the south. (Azamshah, Aurangzeb, Farukhsear)
Answer: Azamshah
In simple words: When Emperor Aurangzeb died, his son Azamshah was located in the southern part of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: This detail is important for understanding the immediate succession struggles that followed Aurangzeb's death and their impact on the Marathas.

Question 3. Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son as Chhatrapati ____ at Panhala. (Shivaji II, Savai, Madhavrao)
Answer: Shivaji II
In simple words: Maharani Tarabai declared her young son, Shivaji II, as the Chhatrapati at Panhala, establishing a rival Maratha state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that Shivaji II's coronation by Tarabai at Panhala led to the establishment of the Kolhapur branch of the Maratha Empire, creating two separate Maratha states.

Question 4. ____ became the Subhedar of the Deccan. (Nijam-ul-Mulk, Farukhsear, Madhavrao)
Answer: Nijam-ul-Mulk
In simple words: Nizam-ul-Mulk was appointed as the Subhedar, or governor, of the Deccan region by the Mughal Emperor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize Nizam-ul-Mulk as a key figure in Deccan politics whose conflict with the Marathas, particularly Bajirao I, was significant.

Question 5. Bajirao sent his brother ____ to subdue the Portuguese. (Chimajiappa, Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde)
Answer: Chimajiappa
In simple words: Bajirao I entrusted his brother Chimajiappa with the military campaign to defeat the Portuguese.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Chimajiappa's role in the Maratha expansion, especially his successful campaigns against European powers like the Portuguese.

Question 6. Bajirao defeated ____ of Bundelkhand. (Bangush, Nadir Shah, Farukhsear)
Answer: Bangush
In simple words: Bajirao I successfully defeated Bangush, the Mughal Subhedar, in Bundelkhand, coming to the aid of King Chhatrasal.

🎯 Exam Tip: This event highlights Bajirao I's willingness to support regional rulers against Mughal aggression, further expanding Maratha influence.

Question 7. When Kanhoji Angre attacked Shahu Maharaj, he sent ____ against Kanhoji Angre. (Balaji Vishwanath, Bajirao, Shahu Maharaj)
Answer: Balaji Vishwanath
In simple words: When Kanhoji Angre challenged Shahu Maharaj's authority, Balaji Vishwanath was dispatched to resolve the conflict.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question emphasizes Balaji Vishwanath's diplomatic rather than purely military solution to internal Maratha disputes, showcasing his strategic acumen.

Question 8. After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made ____ as the Peshwa. (Chimajiappa, Bajirao I, Udaji Pawar)
Answer: Bajirao I
In simple words: Following Balaji Vishwanath's demise, Shahu Maharaj appointed his son, Bajirao I, as the new Peshwa.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the transition of power to Bajirao I, marking the beginning of an era of significant Maratha expansion under his leadership.

Question 9. Iran's Emperor ____ attack on India. (Nadirshah, Abdulla (Hassan), Hussein Ali)
Answer: Nadirshah
In simple words: Nadir Shah, the Emperor of Iran, launched a devastating attack on India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Nadir Shah's invasion exposed the extreme weakness of the Mughal Empire, creating a power vacuum that the Marathas later sought to fill.

Question 10. After the death of Aurangzeb ____ and ____ dominated the Mughal Court. (Abdulla (Hasan), Hussein Ali, Nijam-Ul-Mulk)
Answer: Abdulla (Hasan) and Hussein Ali
In simple words: After Aurangzeb's death, the Sayyid brothers, Abdulla Hasan and Hussein Ali, became highly influential and largely controlled the Mughal Court.

🎯 Exam Tip: The rise of the Sayyid brothers as 'kingmakers' is indicative of the decline of central Mughal authority and the increasing power of court factions.

Question 11. After the death of Emperor Aurangzeb the fight for ____ started between his sons. (Delhi's throne, Chauthai-Sardeshmukhi, Subhedar of Deccan)
Answer: Delhi's throne
In simple words: Upon Emperor Aurangzeb's death, his sons immediately began a struggle for control over the Delhi throne, leading to a war of succession.

🎯 Exam Tip: Successional wars after powerful emperors' deaths were common in Mughal history and frequently led to political instability, benefiting rising powers like the Marathas.

Question 12. Prince Shahu was in the custody of ____ (Maharani Tarabai, Azamshah, Bahadur Shah)
Answer: Azamshah
In simple words: Prince Shahu, who would later become Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj, was held captive by Azamshah, one of Aurangzeb's sons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Shahu's long captivity and subsequent release by Azamshah are pivotal events that set the stage for the Maratha succession war and the rise of the Peshwas.

Question 13. ____ became the capital of Maratha kingdom. (Satara, Kolhapur, Pune)
Answer: Satara
In simple words: Satara was established as the primary capital of the Maratha kingdom under Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: While Pune later became the administrative center under the Peshwas, Satara remained the ceremonial capital of the Maratha Chhatrapatis.

Question 14. ____ was the chief of the Maratha Navy. (Balaji, Vishwanath, Kanhoji Angre, Bajirao I)
Answer: Kanhoji Angre
In simple words: Kanhoji Angre was a formidable and highly skilled admiral who led the Maratha Navy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Kanhoji Angre is crucial for understanding the Maratha naval power and their ability to defend their coastline against European adversaries.

Question 15. Bajirao took his last breath at ____ (Raverkhedi, Bhopal, Palkhed)
Answer: Raverkhedi
In simple words: Bajirao I, the great Peshwa, died at Raverkhedi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the location of Bajirao's death helps trace his final movements and campaigns.

Question 16. ____ established the Maratha domination in North India by his bravery. (Chimajiappa, Bajirao, King Chhatrasal)
Answer: Bajirao
In simple words: Bajirao I, through his military genius and courage, was primarily responsible for extending Maratha dominance into North India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Bajirao I's campaigns in North India are central to understanding the transformation of the Maratha Empire from a regional power to an imperial force.

Match The Following:

Question 1.

Answer:
1-b
2-c
3-a
4-d
In simple words: This matching exercise connects key figures and locations or roles: Shahu Maharaj with Satara (his capital), Shivaji II with Panhalgad (his coronation place), Nizam-ul-Mulk with his role as Subhedar of Deccan, and Nadir Shah with his title as Iran's Emperor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the relationships between rulers, their capitals, and significant titles/roles to accurately match items in this type of question.

Question 2.

Answer:
1-b
2-d (This seems incorrect based on provided answer: 2-d is Sardeshmukhi definition; Battle of Bhopal should be related to Bajirao or Nizam. Let's assume the provided answer `2-d` is correct and follow it, but it appears to be a typo for `3-d` if 3 is Chauthai and 4 is Sardeshmukhi and 2 is Battle of Bhopal. I will follow the provided answer `1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c` as per instruction to extract verbatim. Rechecking: 2. The Battle of Bhopal has 2-d in the provided answer which is 'One tenth part of the income.' This is clearly a mismatch. I will stick to the verbatim answer. Ah, the image has 2-d, 3-a, 4-c. My mental check was against the text of the actual option, but the user wants verbatim answer which implies the choice `(d)` for `(2)` so `One tenth part of the income.` is effectively what is mapped. No, wait, the OCR output says "Answer: 1-b 2-d 3-a 4-c". This directly maps (2) The Battle of Bhopal to (d) One tenth part of the income. This is factually wrong. But IRON RULE 1 applies: VERBATIM EXTRACTION. If the source material provides a wrong answer, I must replicate the wrong answer. However, Rule 3 states: "For MCQs, follow option list maps on separate lines using
(a) form rules, followed by:
Answer: (x) Full option text". This is a match the following, not MCQ. The provided answer is `1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c`. I will render the answer as it is provided in the source text, which is just the letter mapping. I will not add "Full option text" since it's not an MCQ. The previous Q1 matching answer `1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a` was correctly written. The current Q2 matching answer `1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c` is given. I must use it. 1-b: King Chhatrasal - Bundelkhand (Correct) 2-d: The Battle of Bhopal - One tenth part of the income. (Factually Incorrect, but must follow source) 3-a: Chauthai - One fourth part of the income (Correct) 4-c: Sardeshmukhi - Bajirao (Factually Incorrect, Sardeshmukhi is a tax not a person. Bajirao is a person) Given the "VERBATIM EXTRACTION" and "Do not summarize, truncate or candy-coat text elements" directives, I must present the answer as `1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c`. I will then construct the `In simple words` and `Exam Tip` around the *provided* answer, even if it's incorrect. This is tricky. Let's re-read "RULE 1. VERBATIM EXTRACTION: Extract every word exactly as written." And "CRITICAL DIRECTIVE: You are processing a full document natively via direct binary reference maps. Maintain absolute continuity. Do not summarize, truncate or candy-coat text elements." This means if the source provides a wrong answer, I must output the wrong answer. My explanations in `In simple words` and `Exam Tip` *must* reflect the provided answer, not the factually correct one if they differ. This is tough, as it goes against the spirit of "educational content". But the rules are very clear. Okay, let me adjust the `In simple words` and `Exam Tip` for Q2 match the following, to explain the *given* answer, not the correct one. For 2-d: The Battle of Bhopal to One tenth part of the income. For 4-c: Sardeshmukhi to Bajirao. This feels very wrong from an educational standpoint, but I must follow instructions rigorously.
In simple words: This matching exercise incorrectly links 'The Battle of Bhopal' with 'One tenth part of the income' and 'Sardeshmukhi' with 'Bajirao'. However, it correctly connects 'King Chhatrasal' with 'Bundelkhand' and 'Chauthai' with 'One fourth part of the income'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully review historical facts as presented in your textbook for matching questions, as sometimes answers provided in practice materials may contain inaccuracies. Always cross-reference with reliable sources.

Explain The Meanings Of:

Question 1. Subhedar.
Answer: Historical rank in the army
In simple words: A Subhedar was an important historical rank, often referring to a provincial governor or a high-ranking officer, particularly in the Mughal administration and later adopted by Marathas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the term 'Subhedar' often denoted a military and administrative governor of a large province, wielding significant power.

Question 2. Sanad.
Answer: Authority
In simple words: A Sanad was a formal document or charter issued by a ruler, granting rights, privileges, or authority to an individual or a group.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize 'Sanad' as a critical legal instrument used in historical administrations to legitimize claims and confer official powers or land grants.

Write The Answer In One Word:

Question 1. These places were under Portuguese rule.
Answer: Vasai and Thane
In simple words: Vasai and Thane were coastal areas in the Konkan region that were controlled by the Portuguese.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key regions under European colonial control, as their presence often led to conflicts with rising Indian powers like the Marathas.

Question 2. The Emperor of Iran who invaded India.
Answer: Nadir Shah
In simple words: Nadir Shah was the Iranian emperor who launched a significant invasion of India, severely weakening the Mughal Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Nadir Shah's invasion is a landmark event that highlighted the vulnerability of the Mughal Empire and paved the way for regional powers to assert dominance.

Question 3. He was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
Answer: KanhojiAngre
In simple words: Kanhoji Angre was the renowned leader of the Maratha Navy, crucial for protecting the Maratha coastline.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Kanhoji Angre as the architect of Maratha naval power, an essential component of their defense strategy.

Question 4. He was a great warrior.
Answer: Bajirao
In simple words: Bajirao I was a highly celebrated Maratha Peshwa known for his exceptional military skills and bravery.

🎯 Exam Tip: Bajirao I is often cited as one of the greatest cavalry generals in Indian history; his leadership was pivotal for Maratha expansion.

Question 5. He was the first Peshwa.
Answer: Balaji Vishwanath
In simple words: Balaji Vishwanath was the first individual to be appointed as the Peshwa, serving under Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Balaji Vishwanath's appointment as the first Peshwa marked the beginning of the Peshwa era, where the Peshwas gradually became the de facto rulers of the Maratha Empire.

Question 6. The second Peshwa.
Answer: Bajirao
In simple words: Bajirao I succeeded his father, Balaji Vishwanath, to become the second Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the succession of Peshwas is important for tracing the administrative and military leadership of the Maratha Empire.

Question 7. Aurangzeb's son.
Answer: Shahajada Azamshah
In simple words: Shahajada Azamshah was one of Emperor Aurangzeb's sons, who played a role in the succession struggle after his father's death.

🎯 Exam Tip: Azamshah's actions, such as releasing Shahu Maharaj, had significant indirect consequences for the Maratha Empire.

Question 8. Tarabai proclaimed her younger son as.
Answer: Chhatrapati Shivaji II
In simple words: Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son, Shivaji II, as the Chhatrapati, forming a rival branch of the Maratha kingdom based in Kolhapur.

🎯 Exam Tip: This event is key to understanding the political fragmentation within the Maratha Empire after Aurangzeb's death and Shahu's return.

Answer The Following In One Sentences:

Question 1. Who was in the custody of Azamshah?
Answer: Prince Shahu was in the custody of Azamshah.
In simple words: Prince Shahu, a grandson of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was held captive by the Mughal Prince Azamshah.

🎯 Exam Tip: This event is a critical starting point for the complex succession politics that followed Aurangzeb's death and led to the rise of the Peshwas.

Question 2. What was the new political policy of Marathas?
Answer: The new political policy of the Marathas was to protect and expand their own Empire instead of fighting with Mughal powers.
In simple words: The Marathas shifted their focus from merely resisting Mughal power to actively expanding and consolidating their own empire, rather than engaging in endless skirmishes.

🎯 Exam Tip: This policy change signifies a mature imperial ambition, moving beyond defense to territorial growth and the establishment of a wider sphere of influence.

Question 3. What had weakened the Mughal powers?
Answer: The threat from local kings, internal competition and tussle in the court weakened the Mughal powers.
In simple words: The Mughal Empire was significantly weakened by persistent threats from defiant local rulers, coupled with intense internal rivalries and power struggles within its own court.

🎯 Exam Tip: A comprehensive understanding of Mughal decline includes recognizing both external pressures from rebellious regional powers and severe internal political instability.

Question 4. Who was Kanhoji Angre?
Answer: Kanhoji Angre was the Chief of the Maratha Navy.
In simple words: Kanhoji Angre was the legendary admiral who commanded the Maratha Navy, known for his prowess in maritime warfare.

🎯 Exam Tip: Kanhoji Angre's role highlights the Maratha Empire's focus on maintaining a strong naval presence to protect its coastal territories and trade routes.

Question 5. With whose help did Balaji receive the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi?
Answer: With the help of Sayyid brothers, Abdulla (Hassan) and Hussein Ali, Balaji received the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi.
In simple words: Balaji Vishwanath secured the crucial rights to collect Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi from the Mughal territories with the strategic assistance of the influential Sayyid brothers.

🎯 Exam Tip: This event is a pivotal moment as it officially legitimized Maratha tax collection rights from the Mughals, significantly boosting their financial and political power.

Question 6. Whom did Bajirao send to Malwa to strengthen the position of the Marathas?
Answer: Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar under the leadership of his x brother Chimajiappa to Malwa to strengthen the position of Marathas.
In simple words: Bajirao I dispatched his brother Chimajiappa, along with trusted generals like Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde, and Udaji Pawar, to Malwa to solidify Maratha influence and control in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: This demonstrates Bajirao's strategic vision in deploying key lieutenants to expand and secure Maratha territories in vital regions like Malwa, which became a base for further northern expansion.

Question 7. Whose help did King Chhatrasal seek to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.
Answer: The King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.
In simple words: Facing an invasion, King Chhatrasal of Bundelkhand sought military assistance from Bajirao I, the Maratha Peshwa.

🎯 Exam Tip: This alliance between Chhatrasal and Bajirao I exemplifies the Maratha strategy of extending influence through military support to regional rulers, thereby creating a network of allies and dependencies.

Question 8. Which parts from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule?
Answer: Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.
In simple words: In the Konkan coastal region, the towns of Vasai and Thane were under the direct control of the Portuguese colonial power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing specific areas under Portuguese rule helps illustrate the extent of European influence on the Indian coast during the Maratha era.

Question 9. Whom did Bajirao send to defeat Portuguese? '
Answer: Bajirao sent his brother Chimajiappa to defeat the Portuguese.
In simple words: Bajirao I entrusted the task of defeating the Portuguese to his capable brother, Chimajiappa, who led successful campaigns against them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Chimajiappa's successful campaign against the Portuguese at Vasai is a notable military achievement for the Marathas, demonstrating their ability to challenge European powers.

Question 10. What rights did Balaji get from the Mughal Emperor?
Answer: Balaji got from the Mughal Emperor the sanads to collect Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi
In simple words: Balaji Vishwanath obtained official permits, known as sanads, from the Mughal Emperor, granting the Marathas the right to collect Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi taxes.

🎯 Exam Tip: This formal recognition of Maratha tax collection rights by the Mughal Emperor was a major diplomatic victory, solidifying Maratha power and legitimacy across large parts of India.

Question 11. Why did Chhatrasal ask Balaji for help?
Answer: Mohammad Khan Bangush, the Mughal Subhedar of Allahabad attacked Bundelkhand and defeated Chhatrasal. So, Chhatrasal asked Bajaji for help.
In simple words: King Chhatrasal requested aid from Bajirao I because his kingdom of Bundelkhand was attacked and defeated by Mohammad Khan Bangush, the Mughal Subhedar of Allahabad.

🎯 Exam Tip: This event underscores the strategic importance of alliances in times of military threat and how Bajirao's intervention boosted Maratha prestige and territorial influence.

Question 12. Where did Bajirao defeat the Nizam?
Answer: Bajirao defeated the Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.
In simple words: Bajirao I achieved a decisive victory over the Nizam in the Battle of Palkhed, which took place near Aurangabad.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Battle of Palkhed is a classic example of Bajirao's military genius, demonstrating his superior strategy and tactics against a larger Mughal army.

Question 13. What were the great qualities of Bajirao?
Answer: Bajirao was a great warrior, a powerful ruler who established the Maratha dominance in North.
In simple words: Bajirao I was an exceptional warrior and a strong ruler, renowned for his military campaigns that successfully extended Maratha power and established their supremacy in North India.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing Bajirao's qualities, emphasize his strategic military leadership, his role in territorial expansion, and his vision for Maratha dominance beyond the Deccan.

Write Notes On The Following:

Question 1. The Battle of Bhopal
Answer:
• The emperor became restless due to Bajirao's attack.
• He called the Nizam to protect Delhi.
• The Nizam attacked Bajirao with his large army.
• Bajirao defeated him at Bhopal.
• The Nizam agreed to secure the sanad of Malwa subhedari to Marathas from the Badshah.
In simple words: The Battle of Bhopal occurred when the Mughal Emperor, alarmed by Bajirao's advances, summoned the Nizam to counter him. Bajirao I decisively defeated the Nizam at Bhopal, forcing him to concede the Marathas' right to the Malwa Subhedari.

🎯 Exam Tip: This battle highlights Bajirao's aggressive northern policy and the Marathas' growing strength, forcing even powerful Mughal officials like the Nizam to acknowledge their claims.

Give Explanations For The Following:

Question 1. Portuguese.
Answer:
• Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.
• Portuguese rulers used to exploit people.
In simple words: The Portuguese were a European colonial power who controlled coastal areas like Vasai and Thane in Konkan, where they were known for exploiting the local populace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the presence and nature of European powers like the Portuguese in India, noting their territorial control and impact on local populations, which often led to conflicts with Indian rulers.

Question 2. King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.
Answer:
• King Chhatrasal established his own kingdom in Bundelkhand.
• Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khari Bangush attacked Bundelkhand and defeated king Chhatrasal.
• Hence, King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.
In simple words: King Chhatrasal of Bundelkhand sought military assistance from Bajirao I because his kingdom, which he had established independently, was attacked and overcome by the Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khan Bangush.

🎯 Exam Tip: This event illustrates how Maratha military intervention became a crucial factor for independent regional rulers facing Mughal aggression, thereby expanding Maratha influence.

Question 3. Shahu Maharaj knew the integrities of the Mughals.
Answer:
• The early part of Shahu Maharaj's life was spent in Mughal camps.
• He has seen Mughal politics from close quarters.
• He was aware of the strong and weak points of the Mughal empire very well.
• He also knew some influential people in Mughal Darbar.
• All these factors helped him in the changing circumstances to decide the new direction for Maratha politics.
In simple words: Having spent a significant portion of his early life in Mughal custody, Shahu Maharaj gained firsthand insight into Mughal court politics, understanding both their strengths and weaknesses, which proved invaluable in shaping Maratha policy and expansion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize how Shahu Maharaj's personal experience within the Mughal system provided him with unique intelligence, enabling him to make informed strategic decisions for the Maratha Empire.

Answer The Following In Short:

Question 1. How did Balaji Vishwanath turned Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj?
Answer:
• Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
• He chose Maharani Tarabai's side.
• He attacked areas which belonged to Shahu Maharaj.
• Shahu Maharaj sent Balaji Vishwanath against Kanhoji.
• Balaji avoided the war and won Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj.
In simple words: Balaji Vishwanath, sent by Shahu Maharaj, skillfully handled the powerful naval chief Kanhoji Angre, who initially sided with Tarabai. Through diplomacy, Balaji averted a conflict and successfully persuaded Kanhoji to pledge allegiance to Shahu Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: This example illustrates Balaji Vishwanath's exceptional diplomatic capabilities, which were crucial in consolidating Shahu Maharaj's authority and preventing internal Maratha warfare.

Question 2. Why did Bajirao decide to attack Delhi?
Answer:
• The Marathas established their supremacy in Malwa and Bundelkhand.
• Bajirao demanded Malwa Subhedari from the Badshah (Emperor).
• The Emperor rejected his demand Hence Bajirao decided to attack Delhi.
In simple words: Bajirao I decided to attack Delhi because, after establishing Maratha dominance in Malwa and Bundelkhand, the Mughal Emperor rejected his demand for the formal Subhedari (governorship) of Malwa, prompting a direct challenge to Mughal authority.

🎯 Exam Tip: This decision by Bajirao I was a bold strategic move, showcasing his ambition to assert Maratha supremacy directly over the Mughal capital and demand recognition of their expanded territories.