Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Chapter 11 Marathas The Protectors of the Nation Solutions

1. Name Them:

Question 1. They came from Afghanistan.
Answer: The Pathans
In simple words: The Pathans were a group of people who originated from Afghanistan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying the origin of historical groups is crucial for understanding their movements and conflicts.

Question 2. They settled at the foothills of the Himalayas.
Answer: The Rohillas
In simple words: The Rohillas were a community that established their settlements in the mountainous region near the Himalayas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the geographical settlement of different groups helps in understanding regional power dynamics.

Question 3. The brother of Nanasaheb Peshwa.
Answer: Raghunathrao
In simple words: Raghunathrao was a key family member, being the brother of Nanasaheb Peshwa.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding key family relationships within ruling dynasties is important for tracing political succession and influence.

Question 4. The chief of Jats at Mathura.
Answer: Surajmaljat
In simple words: Surajmal Jat was the prominent leader of the Jat community in the region of Mathura.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying leaders of significant communities provides insight into regional strength and alliances during historical periods.

Question 5. Defeated the Nizam at Rakshasbhuvan near Paithan.
Answer: Madhavrao
In simple words: Madhavrao successfully led the Marathas to victory against the Nizam in a battle near Paithan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific battles and their outcomes are vital for understanding shifts in power and territorial control.

2. Write In Brief About:

Question 1. Raising the Maratha standard at Attack. Or Hoisting the Maratha standard at Attack.
Answer:
- Najib Khan, the Rohillas chief could not tolerate the Maratha supremacy.
- Najib Khan requested Abdali to invade India again. He captured Delhi.
- He returned to Afghanistan and collected huge wealth.
- Raghunathrao and Madhavrao Holkar marched to the North and captured Delhi.
- They defeated Abdali's officers and captured Punjab.
In simple words: The Marathas, under Raghunathrao and Madhavrao Holkar, asserted their power in the North by capturing Delhi and Punjab, effectively challenging Najib Khan and Abdali's influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the sequence of events and key figures involved in the Maratha expansion into Northern India.

Question 2. Conflict with the Afghans. Or Battle with the Afghans.
Answer:
- In CE 1751, Ahmadshah Abdali conquered Punjab.
- Due to that, the Mughals were facing threat from Abdali.
- So they joined hands with the Marathas to protect Delhi.
- The Emperor signed a treaty with Marathas in 1752.
- As per the treaty, the Marathas agreed to protect the Mughal Empire.
- The Maratha army marched towards Delhi.
- As Abdali got this news, he returned to his native country (Afghanistan).
- Due to the Maratha power, the threat of Abdali got subsided.
In simple words: The Marathas formed an alliance with the Mughals to counter the threat posed by Ahmadshah Abdali's conquest of Punjab, eventually leading to Abdali's retreat and the temporary subsidence of his threat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the political alliances and strategic movements that shaped the Maratha-Afghan conflicts.

Question 3. The after effects of the battle of Panipat.
Answer:
- The Marathas were defeated.
- The whole generation of Marathas were killed.
- Many brave soldiers died on the battlefield.
- It caused a great harm to the reputation of Marathas in Northern India.
In simple words: The Battle of Panipat resulted in a devastating defeat for the Marathas, leading to immense loss of life, a severe blow to their military strength, and a significant decline in their influence in Northern India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the main consequences of the Battle of Panipat, focusing on both human loss and political impact.

3. Arrange Chronologically:

Question. The battle of Rakshasbhuvan
The death of Tipu Sultan
The death of Madhavrao Peshwa
The battle of Panipat
The battle of Buradi Ghat
Answer:
- The battle of Buradi Ghat
- The battle of Panipat
- The battle of Rakshasbhuvan
- The death of Madhavrao Peshwa
- The death of Tipu Sultan.
In simple words: The correct chronological order of these historical events starts with the Battle of Buradi Ghat, followed by the Battle of Panipat, then Rakshasbhuvan, and finally the deaths of Madhavrao Peshwa and Tipu Sultan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurate chronological ordering is essential for understanding the flow of historical events; pay attention to key dates or sequences.

4. Find The Names Of People In The Chapter:

Question 1. N_n______
Answer: Nanasaheb
In simple words: The name corresponding to the clue "N_n______" from the chapter is Nanasaheb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to character names and their roles as they are often tested in fill-in-the-blanks or identification questions.

Question 2. D______
Answer: Dattaji
In simple words: Based on the pattern, the name "Dattaji" is likely the person being referred to.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding contextual clues can help in identifying names from partial information.

Question 3. N______
Answer: Nizamshah
In simple words: The clue "N______" points to the name Nizamshah from the chapter.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice recalling important historical figures from the lesson to answer identification questions effectively.

Activity:

Find more information about the battle of Panipat on the internet and make a presentation in your class.

Complete The Sentence By Choosing The Appropriate Word From The Options Given Below:

Question 1. Ahmadshah Abdali was the Emperor of ______ (Mysore, Paithan, Afghanistan)
Answer: Afghanistan
In simple words: Ahmadshah Abdali was the ruler or emperor of Afghanistan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the origin and title of key foreign invaders like Ahmadshah Abdali is important for historical context.

Question 2. The chief of the Maratha artillery was ______ (Ibrahim khan, Hyder Ali, Najib Khan)
Answer: Ibrahim khan
In simple words: Ibrahim Khan was the skilled leader in charge of the Maratha artillery forces.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying military leaders and their specific roles is crucial for understanding battle strategies and outcomes.

Question 3. The Marathas defeated ______ in a battle at Motitalao near Srirangapattan. (Hyder Ali, Ibrahim Khan, Abdali)
Answer: Hyder Ali
In simple words: The Marathas achieved victory over Hyder Ali in a significant battle fought near Srirangapattan at Motitalao.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific battle locations and the adversaries involved to accurately describe historical conflicts.

Question 4. Safadarjung was the Nawab of ______.(Mysore, Paithan, Ayodhya)
Answer: Ayodhya
In simple words: Safadarjung held the position of Nawab in the region of Ayodhya.

🎯 Exam Tip: Linking key historical figures to their respective regions or titles helps in building a comprehensive understanding of the political landscape.

Question 5. ______ the ruler of Afghanistan conquered Punjab in 1751 CE. (Ahmadshah Abdali, Rohillas, Hyder Ali)
Answer: Ahmadshah Abdali
In simple words: Ahmadshah Abdali, the Afghan ruler, successfully took control of Punjab in 1751 CE.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note important dates and events, such as conquests by foreign rulers, as they mark significant shifts in power.

Question 6. Nanasaheb sent ______ to the North to crush Abdali. (Sadashivraobhau, Surajmal Jat, Vishwasrao)
Answer: Sadashivraobhau
In simple words: Nanasaheb dispatched Sadashivraobhau to lead the campaign in the North against Abdali.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding who was sent on specific military missions reveals strategic decision-making by leaders.

Question 7. Hyder Ali usurped the throne of ______ (Mysore, Paithan, Ayodhya)
Answer: Mysore
In simple words: Hyder Ali seized control of the royal power in Mysore.

🎯 Exam Tip: Usurpation of thrones by powerful individuals is a common theme in history; identify the key players and regions involved.

Question 8. ______ was a Rohilla chief. (Ibrahimkhan, Najibkhan, Ahmadshah)
Answer: Najibkhan
In simple words: Najibkhan served as a prominent leader of the Rohilla community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiating between various chiefs and their affiliations is crucial for understanding complex regional politics.

Question 9. Madhavrao defeated the Nizam at ______ near Paithan. (Srirangapattan, Rakshasbhuvan, Buradi Ghat)
Answer: Rakshasbhuvan
In simple words: Madhavrao secured a victory against the Nizam in the Battle of Rakshasbhuvan, located near Paithan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the names of specific battle sites and the victors is crucial for detailed historical recall.

Question 10. After the death of Peshwa Nanasaheb, his son ______ succeeded him. (Bajirao II, Madhavrao, Vishwasrao)
Answer: Madhavrao
In simple words: Madhavrao, son of Peshwa Nanasaheb, took over the leadership after his father's demise.

🎯 Exam Tip: Succession lines within ruling families are often tested; remember who followed whom in important positions.

Match The Following:

Question 1.

Answer:
1-b
2-c
3-d
4-e
In simple words: This matching exercise connects key historical figures or roles from Column A to their correct identities or affiliations in Column B.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, a strong understanding of character roles and affiliations helps in quickly identifying correct pairs.

Find The Name Of People In The Chapter:

Question 1. I____h______
Answer: Ibrahimkhan
In simple words: The name that fits the provided pattern and is found in the chapter is Ibrahimkhan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice identifying key individuals from their partial names or roles to succeed in such identification tasks.

Name Them:

Question 1. He met a heroic death in the battle.
Answer: Dattaji
In simple words: Dattaji is the historical figure who bravely died in battle, as mentioned in the chapter.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember significant sacrifices and heroic figures in battles as they highlight key moments and contributions.

Question 2. He became Peshwa after Bajirao.
Answer: Nanasaheb
In simple words: Nanasaheb assumed the role of Peshwa following Bajirao.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the succession of key political positions is vital for tracing the leadership history of an era.

Question 3. They do not help Marathas in the Battle of Panipat.
Answer: Jats and Rajputs
In simple words: The Jats and Rajputs did not provide support to the Marathas during the Battle of Panipat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing which allies were absent or unsupportive in major conflicts can reveal underlying political dynamics and weaknesses.

Question 4. The army of the Marathas attacked Abdali on 14th January, 1761.
Answer: Battle of Panipat
In simple words: The confrontation where the Marathas attacked Abdali on January 14, 1761, is known as the Battle of Panipat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Precise dates for major battles are critical; associate the date 14th January, 1761, with the Battle of Panipat.

Question 5. The Sultan who took advantage of the defeat of the Marathas at Panipat and attacked the Maratha territory in Karnataka.
Answer: Sultan Hyder Ali
In simple words: Sultan Hyder Ali capitalized on the Marathas' weakness after Panipat to invade their territories in Karnataka.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how defeats in major battles can create opportunities for other regional powers to expand their influence.

Question 6. The death of this capable Peshwa caused a great loss to Maratha Kingdom.
Answer: Peshwa Madhavrao
In simple words: The passing of Peshwa Madhavrao was a significant setback for the Maratha Kingdom due to his capable leadership.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the impact of key leaders' deaths on the stability and future trajectory of empires.

Question 7. Understood that only Marathas can rule over the chaos in North and wished that Marathas should rule the North.
Answer: Abdali and his heirs
In simple words: Abdali and his successors recognized the Marathas' potential to bring order to the chaotic northern regions and implicitly desired their rule there.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the perspectives of adversaries can reveal insights into the perceived strengths and roles of different powers.

Answer The Following In One Sentence:

Question 1. Why did the Peshwa send Dattaji Shinde and Janakoji Shinde to the North?
Answer: The Peshwa sent Dattaji Shinde and Janakoji Shinde to crush the power of Najibkhan and to get a firm hold over the Punjab.
In simple words: Dattaji Shinde and Janakoji Shinde were sent north by the Peshwa to suppress Najibkhan's influence and secure control over Punjab.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific objectives behind military campaigns as they highlight strategic priorities of the Maratha Empire.

Question 2. Why did the Nawab of Ayodhya invite the Marathas?
Answer: The Nawab invited the Marathas to subdue the Rohillas.
In simple words: The Nawab of Ayodhya sought Maratha assistance to suppress the Rohillas and regain regional stability.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand instances of alliances and invitations for military aid, as they reflect the shifting power balances.

Question 3. Who helped the wounded Maratha soldiers in the Panipat battle?
Answer: Surajmal Jat, Queen Kishori helped the wounded Maratha soldiers in the Panipat battle.
In simple words: Surajmal Jat and Queen Kishori provided crucial aid to the injured Maratha soldiers during the Battle of Panipat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize humanitarian efforts and support provided during conflicts, as they show broader societal impacts.

Question 4. When did the third battle of Panipat start?
Answer: The Marathas attacked Abdali on 14th January, 1761 and the third battle of Panipat started.
In simple words: The Third Battle of Panipat began on January 14, 1761, with the Maratha attack on Abdali.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the exact date of pivotal battles is fundamental for accurate historical chronology.

Question 5. What conditions were laid in the treaty signed between the Emperor and the Marathas in April 1752?
Answer: According to this treaty, the Marathas agreed to protect the Mughal Empire from enemies like the Rohillas, Jats, Rajputs and Afghans, etc. In return, the Marathas got cash and the rights to collect Chauthai from a few regions of North (Punjab, Multan, Rajputana, Sindh and Rohilkhand).
In simple words: The 1752 treaty stipulated Maratha protection for the Mughal Empire against various enemies, in exchange for monetary payments and the right to collect Chauthai from several northern territories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the dual nature of treaties – obligations for protection and the reciprocal benefits received, especially in terms of revenue rights.

Question 6. With whom did Nanasaheb campaign against Abdali?
Answer: Jayappa Shinde, Madhavrao Holkar along with Nanasaheb campaigned against Abdali.
In simple words: Nanasaheb collaborated with Jayappa Shinde and Madhavrao Holkar in the military campaign against Abdali.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying key allies and their leaders in major campaigns helps in understanding collaborative strategies and collective strength.

Question 7. Why did Hyder Ali attack Marathas when they were defeated at Panipat and they had become weak?
Answer: Hyder Ali thought that the Marathas were defeated at Panipat and they had become weak and so he attacked them.
In simple words: Hyder Ali attacked the Marathas believing they were weakened and vulnerable after their defeat at Panipat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize opportunistic attacks by rival powers that exploit perceived weaknesses after major military setbacks.

Question 8. In which battle did the Marathas defeat Hyder Ali?
Answer: In the battle at Moti Talav, near Srirangapattan
In simple words: The Marathas defeated Hyder Ali in a battle that took place at Moti Talav, close to Srirangapattan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific battle names and locations are important for accurately detailing military engagements.

Question 9. From where did the Pathans migrate and settle?
Answer: The Pathans had migrated from Afghanistan and they settled near Ayodhya at the foot of the Himalayas.
In simple words: The Pathans migrated from Afghanistan and established their settlements near Ayodhya, specifically at the base of the Himalayas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trace the migration patterns of different communities and their eventual settlement locations to understand regional demography and culture.

Question 10. How did the history of Maratha describe Madhavrao?
Answer: Madhavrao is described as an honest, hardworking, determined and a caring administrator for the common people.
In simple words: Madhavrao is depicted in Maratha history as an honest, diligent, resolute, and compassionate leader who prioritized the welfare of ordinary citizens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the character and administrative qualities attributed to important historical figures to gauge their impact and legacy.

Answer In Brief:

Question 1. The battle of Panipat.
Answer:
- Sadashivraobhau captured Delhi.
- The third battle of Panipat started.
- The Marathas attacked Abdali on 14th January, 1761.
- A bullet hit Vishwasrao and he fell dead.
- When Sadashivraobhau heard this, he attacked the enemy in madness, and disappeared from the battlefield.
- The Maratha soldiers lost courage.
- Abdali with the reserve contingent attacked the Marathas.
- The Marathas got defeated.
In simple words: The Third Battle of Panipat, initiated by Sadashivraobhau's capture of Delhi, saw the Marathas attack Abdali on January 14, 1761. Despite initial efforts, the death of Vishwasrao and Sadashivraobhau's disappearance led to a loss of morale, resulting in a decisive defeat for the Marathas against Abdali's forces.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the key phases of the Battle of Panipat, including initial actions, turning points, and final outcomes, to show comprehensive understanding.

Complete The Following Family Tree Of Peshwa:

Question 1.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक पेशवा परिवार वृक्ष है जो बालाजी विश्वनाथ से शुरू होता है। इसमें उनकी दो मुख्य शाखाएँ हैं: बाजीराव I और चिमाजीअप्पा। बाजीराव I से नानासाहेब (गोद लिए हुए) जुड़े हैं, जिनसे आगे चलकर विश्वासराव, यशवंतराव (पेशवा) और नारायणराव (पेशवा) आते हैं, साथ में कुछ खाली स्थान भी हैं। चिमाजीअप्पा से सदाशिवरावभाऊ और जनार्दन जुड़े हैं। छात्रों को खाली स्थानों (1), (2), (3), (4) को सही नामों से भरना है।
Answer:
1. Balaji alias Nanasaheb
2. Raghunathrao
3. Madhavrao (Peshwa)
4. Sawai Madhavrao (Peshwa)
In simple words: The family tree illustrates the lineage of the Peshwa family, starting with Balaji Vishwanatha and branching out to his successors, including key figures like Bajirao I, Nanasaheb, and their descendants, requiring the completion of specific missing names in the lineage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the Peshwa family tree is crucial for tracking succession and key relationships within the Maratha administration.

Question 2. Find the name of people in the lesson in following grid:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक शब्द-खोज पहेली ग्रिड है जिसमें क्षैतिज, लंबवत या विकर्ण रूप से छिपे हुए व्यक्तियों के नाम हैं। छात्रों को इस ग्रिड में पाठ में वर्णित व्यक्तियों के नामों को ढूंढना और पहचानना होगा। ग्रिड में विभिन्न अक्षरों की पंक्तियाँ और स्तंभ दिए गए हैं।
Answer:

In simple words: This grid is a word search puzzle where you need to locate names of people from the lesson hidden horizontally, vertically, or diagonally within the arrangement of letters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Systematically scan rows, columns, and diagonals to efficiently find all hidden names in a word search puzzle.