Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of Solutions

1. Complete The Names Of The Following Sources Of History:

Question 1. l----d
Answer: legend
In simple words: This question asks to complete the name of a historical source which is 'legend'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing common sources of history and their spellings is crucial for fill-in-the-blank questions.

Question 2. t----h
Answer: tarikh
In simple words: This question asks to complete the name of a historical source, which is 'tarikh', referring to a historical record.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurate spelling of historical terms demonstrates strong understanding.

Question 3. b____r
Answer: bakhar
In simple words: This question asks to complete the name of a historical source, which is 'bakhar', a type of historical narrative from Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with regional historical sources like 'bakhar'.

Question 4. p____a
Answer: Powada
In simple words: This question asks to complete the name of an oral historical source, which is 'Powada', a type of Marathi ballad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding different forms of oral history, like Powadas, is important for comprehensive knowledge.

Question 5. i____i__i_n
Answer: inscription
In simple words: This question asks to complete the name of a written historical source, which is 'inscription', referring to texts carved on hard surfaces.

🎯 Exam Tip: Inscriptions are key material and written sources; their significance should be well-understood.

Question 6. m__u_t
Answer: monument
In simple words: This question asks to complete the name of a material historical source, which is 'monument', referring to historical structures.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize monuments as tangible evidence providing insights into the past.

2. Let's Write:

Question 1. What do monuments include?
Answer: Monuments include samadhis, graves and veergalas and buildings.
In simple words: Monuments are historical structures like memorials, tombs, hero stones, and buildings that provide information about the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing types of monuments, be specific with examples like samadhis, graves, and veergalas.

Question 2. What is a Tarikh?
Answer: Tarikh or Tavarikh means the sequence of events.
In simple words: A Tarikh or Tavarikh is a historical record that chronologically details events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key historical terms precisely to score well.

Question 3. What qualities of the author are important in the writing of history?
Answer: The author's integrity, impartiality and neutrality are very important in writing history.
In simple words: For reliable historical writing, an author must be honest, unbiased, and objective in their presentation of facts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the ethical qualities of a historian, such as integrity and impartiality, as critical for historical accuracy.

3. Find The Odd Man Out:

Question 1. Material sources, written sources, unwritten sources, oral sources.
Answer: unwritten sources
In simple words: 'Unwritten sources' is the odd one out because the main categories are material, written, and oral sources, and 'unwritten' isn't a standard, distinct category in this context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between the three primary classifications of historical sources: material, written, and oral.

Question 2. Monuments, coins, cave sculptures, stories.
Answer: stories
In simple words: Stories are oral sources, while monuments, coins, and cave sculptures are all examples of material sources of history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand which types of sources fall under material versus oral categories.

Question 3. Bhurjapatra, temples, treatises, paintings.
Answer: temples
In simple words: Temples are material sources, whereas bhurjapatra (ancient manuscripts), treatises, and paintings are typically written or artistic sources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice classifying various historical items into their correct source categories.

Question 4. Owis, tarikhs, folk tales, myths.
Answer: tarikhs
In simple words: Tarikhs are written historical records, while Owis, folk tales, and myths are all forms of oral tradition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to distinguish between written and oral sources with specific examples.

4. Explain The Following Concepts:

Question 1. Material sources
Answer: Those authentic material evidences or proofs of the ancient period which support our study of historical events are called material sources of history, e.g. memorials, buildings, cave sculptures, inscription, coins, copper, plates, forts, etc.
In simple words: Material sources are physical objects or structures from the past, like buildings, coins, or artifacts, that provide direct evidence about historical events.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining concepts, provide a clear definition followed by concrete examples.

Question 2. Written sources
Answer: Those authentic evidences or proof of the ancient period which are in written form are called written sources of history, e.g. Documents of proceedings in Courts of kings, genealogies, Shakavali, correspondence, dispatches, treatises, biographies, travelogues, chronicles, Tavarikh, etc.
In simple words: Written sources are historical records that are preserved in text form, such as official documents, biographies, and travel accounts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to include a wide range of examples, from official records to personal narratives, when defining written sources.

Question 3. Oral sources
Answer: We understand various aspects of folk life through folk literature traditionally passed from generation to generation and they are known as oral sources of history, e.g. Myths, Folk songs, Gatha, Shlokas, Abhangas, Powadas Proverbs, Legends, etc.
In simple words: Oral sources are historical information passed down verbally through generations, including stories, songs, and proverbs that reflect cultural traditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the transmission method (verbal) and the types of content (folk literature, myths) when describing oral sources.

Question 5. Is it necessary to evaluate sources of history ? Give your opinion.
Answer:
(i) Yes, it is necessary to evaluate the sources of history.
(ii) Just because a source is old does not mean it is reliable or true. We should examine their authenticity and see which sources are genuine and which are fake.
(iii) We must evaluate its quality with the help of different methods and through critical analysis.
(iv) It is necessary to determine the integrity, impartiality and neutrality of the authors by knowing their personal interests, the period during which they lived and political pressures on them.
In simple words: Yes, evaluating historical sources is crucial because age doesn't guarantee accuracy; we must check authenticity, quality, and the author's biases to ensure reliability.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for an opinion, state your stance clearly and support it with logical, well-structured points covering authenticity, reliability, and author bias.

6. Write Why In Your Words:

Question 1. A stone inscription is considered to be an authentic source of history.
Answer: A stone inscription, i.e. a carving on the stone is a very authentic source of history as it throws light on different features of the ancient time like the language of communication which existed, script used and the social, political and economic life of a period, etc.
In simple words: Stone inscriptions are authentic because they are direct, permanent records from the past, revealing details about language, script, and the social, political, and economic conditions of that era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the directness, permanence, and diverse information (language, script, socio-economic life) that inscriptions offer as reasons for their authenticity.

Question 2. Oral sources reveal various aspects of people's lives.
Answer:
(i) Various aspects of folk life through folk literature passed on to us by our ancestors.
(ii) They are pearls of wisdom and they hold a wealth of knowledge about the past.
(iii) It throws light on the rich cultural life of the past and different art forms which were practised in those times.
In simple words: Oral sources like folk tales and songs offer insights into past cultural practices, daily lives, and traditional wisdom, reflecting the rich heritage of a society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize how oral traditions serve as a window into the cultural, social, and artistic dimensions of people's lives in the past.

Activity:

Visit any museum that is nearby. Gather information about the sources of history from the period that you are studying and record it in your activity book.

Formative Evaluation

Can You Tell?

Question 1. How do coins narrate history?
Answer:
(i) The coins made by different rulers using metals like gold, silver, copper are important sources of history.
(ii) From these coins we learn about the rulers, the period they ruled in, governance, religious ideas, personal details and use of language in that period.
(iii) Similarly, we also learn about the financial transactions and economic conditions, the advancement in metallurgy prevailing at that time.
(iv) From the images of Ram-Sita on the coins of Emperor Akbar or Shiva Parvati on the coins of Hyder Ali we see religious co-ordination of those days.
In simple words: Coins are valuable historical sources because they reveal details about rulers, their eras, economies, religious beliefs, language, and metallurgical advancements through their metal, inscriptions, and imagery.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining how coins narrate history, cover multiple aspects like materials, inscriptions, images, and their implications for political, economic, and religious understanding.

Speak Your Thoughts:

Question 1. Suggest measures for preserving sources of history.
Answer:
(i) Written documents can be digitized and at the same time the original source should be preserved.
(ii) Controlling moisture by storing artefacts in an encasement which is oxygen free can help in their preservation.
(iii) Museums and other institutions must put in place steps and measures to preserve material sources of history in a scientific manner.
(iv) Handling, storage and display of artefacts must be done with care.
(v) Artefacts and other sources must be kept locked and continuous monitoring must be ensured to avoid any loss. If any artefacts show signs of deterioration, conservationist must be called in for restoration of the same.
In simple words: Preserving historical sources involves digitizing documents, controlling environmental factors like moisture, careful handling and storage, maintaining security, continuous monitoring, and professional restoration when needed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a comprehensive list of preservation methods, covering digital, environmental, physical, and professional aspects for a complete answer.

Complete The Sentence By Choosing The Appropriate Words From The Options Given Below:

Question 1. The period from the ninth century CE till the end of the eighteenth century is considered to be the _____ period of Indian history. (Ancient, Medieval, Modern)
Answer: Medieval
In simple words: The timeframe between the ninth and eighteenth centuries CE is historically known as the Medieval period in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with historical periodization; knowing the start and end centuries for different eras is essential.

Question 2. History gives us a chronological, scientific and systematic account of _____ events. (past, present, future)
Answer: past
In simple words: History systematically studies and records events that have already occurred in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: A fundamental definition of history emphasizes its focus on past events, not present or future ones.

Question 3. Historical sources should be used judiciously and only after a _____ (thorough reading, indepth study, critical analysis)
Answer: critical analysis
In simple words: It is important to use historical sources carefully and only after evaluating them critically to ensure their accuracy and reliability.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize 'critical analysis' as the most comprehensive approach to using historical sources, encompassing reading and study.

Question 4. Veergala is a _____ (fort, monument, palace)
Answer: monument
In simple words: A Veergala is a specific type of stone monument erected to commemorate heroes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand specific terminology like 'Veergala' and correctly categorize it within broader classifications like 'monument'.

Question 5. The Peshwas used the _____ language on their coins. (Arabic or Persian, Hindi or Sanskrit, Pali)
Answer: Arabic or Persian
In simple words: The Peshwas, during their rule, incorporated Arabic or Persian languages on their coinage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to cultural details like the languages used on historical artifacts, as they reflect prevailing influences.

Question 6. Travellers of other countries who came to India have written _____ or accounts of their travels, (biography, autobiography, travelogues)
Answer: travelogues
In simple words: Foreign visitors to India often recorded their journeys and experiences in written accounts known as travelogues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different types of written accounts; travelogues are specifically about journeys and observations.

Question 7. Tavarikh or Tarikh means the _____ (information about past, sequence of events, dates)
Answer: sequence of events
In simple words: Tavarikh or Tarikh specifically refers to the chronological order or sequence in which historical events occurred.

🎯 Exam Tip: For precise definitions, select the option that most accurately captures the core meaning of the term.

Question 8. The author's _____ is very important in writing history. (viexvpoint, perspective, impartiality and neu trality)
Answer: impartiality and neutrality
In simple words: An author's unbiased and objective approach is crucial for creating credible and accurate historical narratives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Stress the importance of objectivity in historical writing to avoid personal biases influencing the interpretation of facts.

Question 9. An, _____ is a carving on a stone, or a wall. (metal plate, inscription, edict)
Answer: inscription
In simple words: An inscription is text or symbols carved into a durable surface like stone or a wall.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the physical nature of different historical sources; inscriptions are characterized by being carved into solid materials.

Question 10. _____ is a type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra. (Bakhar, Myths, Travelogues)
Answer: Bakhar
In simple words: Bakhar is a unique form of historical writing that emerged specifically in the region of Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize regional forms of historical records, such as the Bakhar from Maharashtra.

Find The Odd Man Out:

Question 1. Genealogies, Travelogue, Chronicles, Inscription.
Answer: Inscription
In simple words: Inscription is a material source (carved text), while genealogies, travelogues, and chronicles are all forms of written sources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the physical form of a source (like an inscription) and its content type (like a chronicle).

Question 2. Churches, Temples, Mosques, Myths
Answer: Myths
In simple words: Myths are oral sources, whereas churches, temples, and mosques are physical structures that serve as material sources of history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classify items based on whether they are physical structures or intangible narratives.

Name The Following:

Question 1. The subject which gives us a chronological, scientific and systematic account of past events.
Answer: History.
In simple words: History is the academic discipline dedicated to studying past events in an organized, scientific, and time-ordered manner.

🎯 Exam Tip: A concise and accurate definition of history is a basic but important point.

Question 2. Any two metals used by different rulers in the past to make coins.
Answer: Gold, Silver
In simple words: Historically, rulers frequently used precious metals like gold and silver to mint their coins.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember common metals used for coinage, as they reflect economic status and availability.

Question 3. One place in Tanjavur where inscriptions are found.
Answer: Brihadishwara temple premises.
In simple words: The Brihadishwara temple complex in Tanjavur is a renowned site for historical inscriptions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link specific historical places with the types of sources found there to demonstrate detailed knowledge.

Question 4. Two things inscribed on copper plates.
Answer:
(a) Royal edicts
(b) Verdicts
In simple words: Copper plates were often used to inscribe official royal commands or judicial decisions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Copper plates served as official documents, typically recording important pronouncements or judgments.

Question 5. Any two scripts used in the Medieval period.
Answer:
(a) Devanagari
(b) Arabic
In simple words: During the Medieval period, Devanagari and Arabic were two prominent scripts commonly used in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the major scripts prevalent in different historical periods, as they indicate linguistic and cultural trends.

Question 6. Written accounts of the travels by the travellers from other countries.
Answer: Travelogues.
In simple words: Written accounts detailing journeys and experiences of foreign travelers are called travelogues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define travelogues by their content-accounts of travel-and their authors-foreign travelers.

Question 7. Any two travellers who visited India in the Medieval period.
Answer:
(a) A1 Biruni
(b) Ibn Batuta
In simple words: Al Biruni and Ibn Batuta were notable foreign travelers who documented their visits to India during the Medieval era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall prominent foreign travelers and their contributions to historical records about India.

Question 8. Sanskrit biography of Shivaji Maharaj was composed by this poet.
Answer: Paramanand.
In simple words: The Sanskrit biography of Shivaji Maharaj was authored by the poet Paramanand.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate key historical figures with the authors or works related to them.

Question 9. A source of history which means the sequence of events.
Answer: Tavarikh or Tarikh.
In simple words: Tavarikh or Tarikh is a historical source specifically focusing on the chronological order of events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that Tavarikh/Tarikh specifically refers to the timeline of historical occurrences.

Question 10. Two people who compiled Tavarikh.
Answer:
(a) A1 Biruni
(b) Ziauddin Barani.
In simple words: Al Biruni and Ziauddin Barani are two known individuals who compiled historical chronicles called Tavarikh.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific historians who contributed significantly to different types of historical records.

Question 11. A type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra.
Answer: Bakhar.
In simple words: The Bakhar is a distinct form of historical chronicle that originated and developed in the Maharashtra region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify regional historical literary forms like the Bakhar and their place of origin.

Question 12. Any two chronicles written in Marathi.
Answer:
(a) Mahikavatichi Bakhar
(b) Sabhasad Bakhar
In simple words: Mahikavatichi Bakhar and Sabhasad Bakhar are two significant historical chronicles composed in the Marathi language.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to name specific examples of historical works within a particular language or region.

Question 13. Any two contemporary western historians.
Answer:
(a) Robert Arm
(b) Grant Duff
In simple words: Robert Arm and Grant Duff were two Western historians who wrote during a specific historical period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize influential historians from different backgrounds who contributed to the study of a particular period.

Question 14. Any two oral sources of history.
Answer:
(a) Owis
(b) Folk songs
In simple words: Owis (a type of Marathi folk song) and general folk songs are examples of oral traditions that serve as historical sources.

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing examples of oral sources, include forms like folk songs and specific regional traditions like Owis.

Answer In One Sentence:

Question 1. What information does history give us?
Answer: History gives us a chronological and systematic account of past events.
In simple words: History provides an organized and time-ordered record of what happened in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the definition of history concise but comprehensive, including 'chronological' and 'systematic'.

Question 2. What must history be based on?
Answer: History must be based on authentic evidence or proofs which are known as sources of history.
In simple words: For history to be reliable, it must be built upon genuine evidence, also known as historical sources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that authenticity and verifiable proof (sources) are the bedrock of historical study.

Question 3. What are the different sources of history?
Answer: Material sources, written sources and oral sources are the three different sources of history.
In simple words: The three main types of historical sources are physical artifacts (material), written documents, and verbal traditions (oral).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list the three primary categories of historical sources.

Question 4. How should we use different sources of history?
Answer: We have to use the different sources of history judiciously and only after critical analysis.
In simple words: Historical sources must be used carefully and evaluated through critical analysis to ensure their accuracy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Stress the importance of both 'judicious' use and 'critical analysis' when interacting with historical sources.

Question 5. What do we learn when we look at forts and monuments built in the past?
Answer: When we look at the forts and monuments we come to know about the development of architecture, the economic conditions, the quality of art, style of the building construction and people's standard of living in that particular period.
In simple words: Forts and monuments teach us about past architectural styles, economic status, artistic quality, construction techniques, and the living standards of people from that era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the various categories of information (architecture, economy, art, lifestyle) that can be gleaned from studying historical structures.

Question 6. Why is an inscription considered to be a very important and reliable source of history?
Answer: An inscription is considered to be a very important and reliable source of history because it helps us to understand features like the language, script, social life of a period etc.
In simple words: Inscriptions are crucial and trustworthy because they offer direct insights into the language, script, and social conditions of the time they were created.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that inscriptions provide firsthand, durable evidence for understanding language, script, and societal aspects.

Question 7. What are known as copper plates?
Answer: Inscriptions carved on sheets of copper are known as 'copper plates'.
In simple words: 'Copper plates' refer to pieces of copper metal with inscriptions carved onto them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define 'copper plates' by their material and the presence of inscriptions.

Question 8. How do we understand various aspects of folk life?
Answer: We understand various aspects of folk life through folk literature traditionally passed from generation to generation.
In simple words: Different facets of folk life are understood by studying folk literature that has been verbally transmitted across generations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect folk life understanding directly to the study of folk literature and its oral transmission.

Explain The Following Terms:

Question 1. History
Answer: History is a chronological, scientific and systematic account of past events.
In simple words: History is the organized, scientific study of past events in the order they occurred.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure your explanation of 'History' includes its systematic, scientific, and chronological nature.

Question 2. An inscription
Answer: An inscription is a carving on a stone or a wall.
In simple words: An inscription is text or designs carved into a solid surface like stone or a wall.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define 'inscription' by its physical characteristic: text carved into a hard surface.

Question 3. Tavarikh or Tarikh
Answer: Tavarikh or Tarikh means the sequence of events.
In simple words: Tavarikh or Tarikh denotes a record that details historical events in their proper time order.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that Tavarikh/Tarikh specifically refers to the chronological arrangement of events.

Question 4. Bakhar
Answer: Bakhar is a type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra.
In simple words: A Bakhar is a historical account or narrative style that uniquely developed in the region of Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining 'Bakhar', specify its nature as a chronicle and its origin in Maharashtra.

Question 5. Chronicles
Answer: Chronicles are written sources of history which help in understanding aspects like the contemporary political happenings, linguistic transaction, cultural life, social conditions, etc.
In simple words: Chronicles are written historical records that provide insights into political events, language use, cultural practices, and social conditions of a specific period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that chronicles are comprehensive written accounts covering various societal aspects of their time.

Classify The Following Into Material Sources, Written Sources And Oral Sources Of History:

Question 1. Ornaments, Fort, Owis, Myths, Utensils, Folk songs, Weapons, Travelogue, Well, Biographies, Clothing, Powada, Copper plate, Folk tales, Coins, Shloka, Temples, Books
Answer:

In simple words: This classification organizes various historical items into three categories: Written Sources (like books, travelogues), Material Sources (physical objects such as forts, ornaments, utensils), and Oral Sources (verbally transmitted traditions like myths, folk songs, and Powadas).

🎯 Exam Tip: For classification questions, ensure each item is placed in the most appropriate category, understanding the core characteristics of material, written, and oral sources.

Complete The Following Diagrams:

Question 1. Types of Forts
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक आरेख को दर्शाता है जो 'किले के प्रकार' शीर्षक से एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स के साथ शुरू होता है, जिसके चारों ओर खाली बॉक्स हैं। छात्र को इन खाली बॉक्सों को विभिन्न प्रकार के किलों के नाम से भरना है। उत्तर में दिए गए चित्र में यह दिखाया गया है कि केंद्रीय बॉक्स 'किले के प्रकार' से 'पहाड़ी किले', 'मैदानी किले', 'वन किले' और 'समुद्री किले' जैसे विभिन्न शाखाओं में विभाजित होते हैं।
In simple words: This diagram classification shows 'Types of Forts' branching out into different categories: Hill Forts, Forts on Plains, Forest Forts, and Sea Forts, illustrating the varied geographical locations of fortifications.

🎯 Exam Tip: Diagrams testing classification require you to list relevant sub-categories accurately, demonstrating a structured understanding of the topic.

Question 2.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'इतिहास के दृष्टिकोण से महत्वपूर्ण कारक' नामक एक आरेख को दर्शाता है। प्रश्न में केंद्रीय बॉक्स में यह शीर्षक है और आसपास के बॉक्स खाली हैं। उत्तर में दिए गए चित्र में केंद्रीय बॉक्स से निकलने वाले कारकों को 'समय', 'समाज', 'स्थान' और 'व्यक्ति' के रूप में दर्शाया गया है, जो इतिहास को समझने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
In simple words: This diagram illustrates the 'Important factors from the point of view of History,' identifying Time, Society, Place, and Individuals as key elements necessary for understanding historical contexts.

🎯 Exam Tip: For conceptual diagrams, ensure you identify all contributing factors or interconnected ideas correctly, as they form the complete picture.

Question 3.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र इतिहास के स्रोतों का वर्गीकरण दर्शाता है। प्रश्न में 'इतिहास के स्रोत' शीर्षक वाला केंद्रीय बॉक्स है जिसके चारों ओर खाली बॉक्स हैं। उत्तर में दिए गए चित्र में, 'इतिहास के स्रोत' नामक केंद्रीय बॉक्स को तीन मुख्य प्रकारों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है: 'लिखित स्रोत', 'मौखिक स्रोत' और 'भौतिक स्रोत'।
In simple words: This diagram classifies the 'Sources of History' into three main categories: Written Sources, Oral Sources, and Material Sources, which are fundamental for historical research.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classification diagrams require a clear understanding of main categories and their sub-components to be completed accurately.