Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life Solutions

Beginning of Settled Life Class 5 Questions And Answers EVS Chapter 8 Maharashtra Board

5th Standard EVS 2 Lesson Number 8 Question Answer Beginning of Settled Life Maharashtra Board

Std 5 EVS 2 Chapter 8 Question Answer

1. Fill in the Blank.

Question a. Archaeological evidence shows that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and .................. . (Iran, Iraq, Dubai)
Answer: Archaeological evidence shows that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and Iraq.
In simple words: Early evidence suggests farming started in Israel and Iraq around 11,000 years ago, marking a key shift in human history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the two key geographical locations for the beginning of agriculture for scoring.

Question b. The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of .................. . (earth, bricks, wattle and daub)
Answer: The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub.
In simple words: Early New Stone Age homes were constructed using wattle and daub, a method involving woven branches plastered with mud.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the common building materials of the New Stone Age for this type of fill-in-the-blank question.

2. Answer the Following Question in Brief.

Question a. What are the three main steps in the process of domesticating a wild animal?
Answer:
1. Capture the wild animal.
2. Taming the wild animal by giving them the training to live with humans.
3. Obtaining useful materials like milk from these animals and training them to work as beasts of burden for the humans.
In simple words: Domesticating wild animals involved capturing them, taming them to coexist with humans, and then training them for useful tasks like providing resources or labor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing the steps clearly and concisely is important to score full marks for process-based questions.

Question b. How did some people in the community become skilled craftsmen?
Answer:
1. As the food available was more than needed by the community, some men and women utilised their spare time in experimentation and for using their natural creativity to develop special skills.
2. Persons with such special skills were given to work based on those skills.
3. Thereby a class of skilled craftsmen emerged.
In simple words: With surplus food, people had more free time, which they used to experiment and develop natural talents, leading to the emergence of specialized craftsmen within the community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the availability of surplus food to the rise of specialized skills and the emergence of craftsmen.

3. Complete the Following Concept Chart.

Question 1. Complete the following concept chart.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): एक अवधारणा चार्ट दिया गया है जिसमें केंद्र में 'Salt' शब्द है। इससे चार दिशाओं - ऊपर, नीचे, बाईं और दाईं ओर चार तीर निकल रहे हैं। प्रत्येक तीर के अंत में एक खाली आयताकार बॉक्स है। इन बॉक्सों के ऊपर 'Importance', 'Result', 'Trade', और 'Obtained by' लेबल दिए गए हैं, जो दर्शाते हैं कि 'Salt' से संबंधित इन पहलुओं को भरना है। यह चार्ट नमक के विभिन्न पहलुओं को दर्शाने वाली एक वैचारिक रूपरेखा है जिसे छात्रों को स्वयं भरना है।
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing concept charts, ensure all interconnected elements and their relationships are accurately presented, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

4. Write About the Usefulness of Any Five Domesticated Animals.

Question 1. Write about the usefulness of any five domesticated animals.
Answer:
• Cow: Cow is a very useful animal. It is domesticated for its milk. Cow-dung was used to smear mud walls and in courtyards. Cow-dung is used to make dung cakes for fuel and also is a very good natural manure for agriculture.
• Goats and Sheep: Sheep is useful for its wool and milk. They are also domesticated for their meat.
• Dog: A very useful and faithful animal. It guards household or village-settlements.
• Horse: A very useful, strong and a swift animal. Its strength is used to draw carriages or to transport heavy goods. It is also used in travelling.
• Bullocks: Bullocks are strong and obedient animals. Therefore, they are used to draw carts. They are also used to transport people and heavy objects from one place to another.
In simple words: Domesticated animals like cows, goats, sheep, dogs, horses, and bullocks provided milk, wool, meat, protection, transportation, and agricultural labor, proving invaluable to human settlements.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions asking for multiple examples, aim to provide distinct benefits for each animal to show a broader understanding of their utility.

5. Which animal is used by the modern police? In what way?

Question 1. Which animal is used by the modern police? In what way?
Answer:
1. The dog is used by modern police.
2. It is used in the investigation of crimes as a dog can sniff the body odour and blood-stains on the clothes.
3. It leads police to the person who has committed heinous crimes like murder.
In simple words: Modern police use dogs for crime investigation because of their exceptional sniffing ability, which helps in detecting body odors and blood-stains and tracking down suspects.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the utility of animals in modern contexts, specify the unique sensory or physical advantages that make them suitable for the task.

Activity :

Question 1. Visit people in your locality practising five different occupations and collect information about their work.
Answer: [Activity-based question, no direct answer provided in the source. This typically requires student engagement.]
In simple words: This activity encourages students to learn about various professions by observing people in their community and gathering information on what they do.

🎯 Exam Tip: Activities like this help in practical application of concepts; prepare to discuss insights gained from such observations if asked.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks:

Question 1.
1. When the third step is achieved, the animal is supposed to be completely ..................
2. Domesticating animals and keeping them for our own use is called ..................
3. The .................. is the first animal to have been domesticated.
4. ...........and.................. were domesticated next.
5. Dogs were used to help with ..................
6. ........ are credited to have started cultivation.
7. They used .................. Sticks to sow seeds.
8. People had to stay in one place because of the nature of ............ work.
9. .................. production increased considerably after the plough drawn by animals came into use.
10. .................. became the main source of livelihood.
11. People began to worship .................. and various .................. for good crops.
12. People in the village-settlements established some .......... and ....... to manage things.
13. Before agriculture, all men and women were continuously engaged in getting ..................
14. With agricultural production increasing, some men and women began to get .................. time.
15. They used their spare time for using their natural creativity to develop......... skills.
16. Members with such special skills were given .................. based on those skills.
17. It is believed that in the New Stone Age, ... .................. made earthen pots and other earthen objects by hand.
18. The farmers in the village-settlements were now producing........... food.
19. They needed skilled .................. for tasks like making agricultural implements and repairing them
20. Craftsmen were paid in the form of ..................
21. ........ is an essential item.
22. Salt traders also traded articles they received in exchange of ............
23. The .......... trade helped in the expansion of trade in the New Stone Age.
24. People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the ............ of village settlements.
25. The chiefs were also entrusted with the ...... of the village.
26. The population of the village settlements .................. because food was available in plenty
27. The .................. became permanent and expanded.
28. People began to build .......... houses of sun dried bricks.
29. It appears that the people of the village settlements belonged to a single ..................
30. The entire village-settlement was an .................. family.
31. A dead person was buried either in the ........ or in the ..................
32. In the .................. system, it became possible to store food grains.
Answer:
1. domesticated
2. animal husbandry
3. dog
4. goat, sheep
5. hunting
6. uxomen
7. pointed
8. agricultural
9. agricultural
10. agriculture
11. nature, deities
12. rules, customs
13. food
14. spare
15. special
16. work
17. women
18. surplus
19. craftsmen
20. foodgrains
21. salt
22. salt
23. salt
24. chiefs
25. protection
26. grew
27. village-settlements
28. quadrangular
29. clan
30. extended
31. house, courtyard
32. agricultural
In simple words: This section covers various aspects of early settled life, including animal domestication, the start of agriculture by women, the use of pointed sticks for sowing, the growth of agricultural production with ploughs, and the shift to agriculture as the main livelihood. It also details the emergence of specialized skills, the role of women in crafts, the importance of salt, the establishment of village governance, and burial practices.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to keywords and historical facts related to the beginning of settled life, as these often appear in fill-in-the-blank questions to test foundational knowledge.

Match the Following:

Question 1.
Column 'A'
1. Source of livelihood
2. Sowing of seeds
3. Earthen pots
4. Moats

Column 'B'
a. Women
b. New Stone Age
c. Protection
d. Agriculture

Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure a clear understanding of the roles and features of each item to correctly match them. Reviewing key concepts related to the New Stone Age and settled life is crucial.

Answer Each of the Following Questions in One Sentence:

Question 1. What is animal husbandry?
Answer: Domesticating animals and keeping them for one's use is called animal husbandry.
In simple words: Animal husbandry is the practice of taming and raising animals for human benefit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key terms precisely, using clear and concise language to maximize scores in one-sentence answer questions.

Question 2. Which is the first animal to have been domesticated?
Answer: The dog is the first animal to have been domesticated.
In simple words: The dog was the very first animal that humans domesticated.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific facts like the first domesticated animal for direct recall questions.

Question 3. Who domesticated the dog?
Answer: Homo sapiens of the Middle Stone Age domesticated the dog.
In simple words: Early humans during the Middle Stone Age were responsible for domesticating dogs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate key historical events with the specific human groups or periods involved.

Question 4. How were the dogs used?
Answer: Dogs were used to help in hunting.
In simple words: Dogs assisted early humans primarily in hunting activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the primary utility of early domesticated animals when answering how they were used.

Question 5. Which animals were domesticated after the dog?
Answer: The goat and sheep were domesticated after the dog.
In simple words: Following dogs, goats and sheep were among the next animals to be domesticated by humans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the sequence of animal domestication to correctly answer questions about "what came next."

Question 6. When and where did agriculture begin?
Answer: Archaeological evidence is available to show that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and Iraq.
In simple words: Agriculture started approximately 11,000 years ago in regions corresponding to modern-day Israel and Iraq.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the approximate timeline and geographical locations for significant historical developments like the advent of agriculture.

Question 7. Who are given the credit to have started cultivation?
Answer: Women are credited to have started cultivation.
In simple words: Women are traditionally recognized for initiating agricultural cultivation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the historical roles of different groups in major advancements, such as women's role in early agriculture.

Question 8. What did they use to sow seeds?
Answer: They used pointed sticks to sow seeds.
In simple words: Early cultivators used pointed sticks as tools for sowing seeds.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the simple tools used in early agricultural practices for a concise answer.

Question 9. How did the agricultural production increase considerably?
Answer: Agricultural production increased considerably after the plough driven by animals came into use.
In simple words: The invention and use of animal-drawn ploughs significantly boosted agricultural output.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the impact of technological advancements, like the animal-drawn plough, on historical developments such as agricultural productivity.

Question 10. What was the main source of livelihood for people in the New Stone Age?
Answer: Agriculture was the main source of livelihood for the people in the New Stone Age.
In simple words: In the New Stone Age, farming became the primary way people earned their living.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the major economic activity with the specific historical period mentioned in the question.

Question 11. What did the people do in order to grow good crops?
Answer: People began to worship nature and various deities to grow good crops.
In simple words: To ensure successful harvests, people started worshipping natural elements and different gods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the spiritual or religious practices associated with early agricultural societies, particularly concerning crop success.

Question 12. What gained importance in the village settlement?
Answer: Essential things like sharing of agricultural tasks and water resources and the security of the village-settlements gained importance.
In simple words: In village settlements, collective management of farm work, water, and community safety became highly significant.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the communal aspects and shared responsibilities that became critical for the survival and growth of early village settlements.

Question 13. How did the New Stone Age women make earthen pots?
Answer: The New Stone Age women made earthen pots and other earthen objects by hand.
In simple words: Women in the New Stone Age crafted earthen pots and other clay items using only their hands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the methods of craftsmanship during different historical periods, such as hand-making pots in the New Stone Age.

Question 14. Why were the craftsmen needed?
Answer: Craftsmen were needed for tasks like making agricultural implements and repairing them.
In simple words: Craftsmen were essential for creating and maintaining farming tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specialized roles that emerged in settled societies, specifically the need for craftsmen to support agriculture.

Question 15. How were the craftsmen paid?
Answer: The craftsmen were paid in the form of food grains or other articles.
In simple words: Craftsmen received payment in the form of food or other goods, rather than money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the forms of payment in early societies, often involving bartering with goods like foodgrains.

Question 16. What is the barter system?
Answer: Buying and selling articles by exchanging goods for goods is called barter system.
In simple words: The barter system is a method of trade where goods and services are exchanged directly for other goods and services without using money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a clear and concise definition of the barter system, emphasizing the direct exchange of goods.

Question 17. What was an essential item in the village settlement?
Answer: Salt was an essential item in the village settlement.
In simple words: Salt was a crucial commodity for survival and trade in early villages.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the importance of specific resources like salt in historical contexts, especially for preservation and trade.

Question 18. How did the salt traders trade?
Answer: Salt traders traded articles they received in exchange of salt.
In simple words: Salt traders exchanged salt for other goods and then traded those acquired items further.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the chain of exchange in early trade systems, where a valuable commodity like salt facilitated further transactions.

Question 19. Why did the village community lay down rules?
Answer: The village community laid rules for mutual co-operation in order to keep this system of trade and distribution of resources running smoothly.
In simple words: Village communities established rules to promote cooperation and ensure the orderly management of trade and resource allocation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the need for social order and efficient resource management to the establishment of rules in early communities.

Question 20. Who became the chiefs of village settlements?
Answer: People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the chiefs of villagesettlements.
In simple words: Those entrusted with enforcing community rules became the leaders or chiefs of the village settlements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify how leadership roles emerged in early societies, often through the responsibility of maintaining order and implementing rules.

Question 21. Who was entrusted with the protection of the village?
Answer: The chiefs were also entrusted with the task of protection of the village.
In simple words: Village chiefs were responsible not only for governance but also for safeguarding the community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the dual role of early leaders, encompassing both administrative duties and defense responsibilities.

Question 22. Why did they build protective walls and moats around the village-settlements?
Answer: They built protective walls and moats around the village-settlements to protect them selues from floods, wild animals and outsiders who stole the village cattle.
In simple words: Walls and moats were constructed around villages to defend against natural disasters like floods, dangers from wild animals, and theft of livestock by outsiders.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the multiple threats faced by early settlements and the defensive strategies employed, such as walls and moats.

Question 23. What were the houses at the beginning of New Stone Age made of?
Answer: Houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub?
In simple words: Early New Stone Age houses were built using wattle and daub, a construction method involving woven branches and mud plaster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the specific primitive building materials and techniques characteristic of the early New Stone Age.

Question 24. Why were there differences in the style of constructing houses?
Answer: Regional differences are seen in the styles of constructing houses, depending on the local climate.
In simple words: Housing styles varied by region due to adaptations to local climate conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect environmental factors like climate to variations in architectural styles in historical contexts.

Question 25. Why did the population of village settlements grow?
Answer: The population of village-settlements grew because food was available in plenty.
In simple words: Village populations increased because abundant food supplies, thanks to agriculture, could support more people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the direct link between food availability and population growth in early settled communities.

Give Reasons for the Following:

Question 1. The stick used for sowing was weighed in the centre using a perforated stone.
Answer: In order to dig deeper into the soil to sow the seeds, the stick was weighted in the centre using a perforated stone.
In simple words: A perforated stone was added to the center of the sowing stick to increase its weight, allowing it to penetrate deeper into the soil for planting seeds.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the functional purpose behind early agricultural tool modifications to show an understanding of practical problem-solving.

Question 2. Before agriculture, men and women in the community were continuously busy.
Answer:
1. Before agriculture, people obtained food by hunting and gathering.
2. But this food could not be stored for a long time.
3. Therefore, all men and women in the community were continuously engaged in acquiring food.
In simple words: Before farming, everyone was constantly busy hunting and gathering because food was hard to store, requiring continuous effort to find enough to eat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the contrast between pre-agricultural and agricultural lifestyles, emphasizing the constant effort required for sustenance before farming.

Question 3. Walls and moats were built around the village settlement.
Answer: Protective walls and moats were built around the village-settlements to protect them from floods, wild animals and outsiders who stole village cattle.
In simple words: Walls and moats served as vital defenses for villages, guarding against floods, dangerous wildlife, and cattle theft by intruders.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the multiple reasons for defensive structures, covering both natural threats and human-related dangers.

Question 4. The village-settlements grew.
Answer:
i. The population of the village-settlements grew because food was available in plenty after agriculture
ii. They also built bigger houses to accommodate their expanding population.
In simple words: Village settlements expanded due to a growing population, which was supported by abundant food from agriculture, leading to the construction of larger homes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the success of agriculture directly to population growth and the resulting need for larger settlements.

Question 5. The entire village-settlement was an extended family.
Answer:
1. It appears from the plans of the houses and the village-settlements that people staying there belonged to a single class.
2. It means that they were all related to one another.
3. Thus, the entire village-settlement was an extended family
In simple words: Based on the communal layout of houses and settlements, it is inferred that all residents were interconnected, forming one large extended family unit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use architectural and settlement patterns as evidence to support conclusions about social structures in ancient communities.

Question 6. Women and men began to get spare time to develop special skills.
Answer:
1. In the agricultural system, it became possible to store foodgrains for a long period.
2. There was sufficient food for the community.
3. Therefore, women and men began to get spare time to use their natural creativity to develop special skills.
In simple words: The ability to store surplus food from agriculture meant communities had enough to eat, freeing up time for individuals to develop and refine specialized skills and crafts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain how advancements in food production and storage directly contributed to social and economic specialization, allowing for the development of new skills.

Question 7. People began to worship nature and various deities.
Answer:
i. Agriculture became the main source of livelihood in the New Stone Age period.
ii. Thus, people began to worship nature and various deities for good crops.
In simple words: As agriculture became the primary livelihood in the New Stone Age, people started worshipping nature and deities, hoping for good harvests and protection of their crops.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the shift to agriculture with the emergence of new religious and spiritual practices centered around the success of crops and natural forces.

Question 8. The farmers needed skilled craftsmen.
Answer:
i. Farmers in the village-settlements were producing surplus food.
ii. Therefore, they needed skilled craftsmen for making agricultural implements and repairing them.
In simple words: Farmers, producing extra food, required skilled craftsmen to create and maintain their agricultural tools, highlighting the specialization within the community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Demonstrate the interdependent relationship between agricultural producers and skilled laborers in developing societies.

Question 9. A dead person was buried either in the house or in the courtyard.
Answer: The people thought that the dead person's bond with family should not get cut off after death.
In simple words: Burial within homes or courtyards reflected the belief that the deceased's connection to their family and home continued even after death.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the cultural and spiritual beliefs that influenced burial practices in ancient civilizations.

Answer the Following Questions in Brief:

Question 1. How was cultivation carried out by women?
Answer:
1. Women are credited to have started cultivation.
2. They used pointed sticks to sow seeds.
3. In order to help dig deeper into the soil, the stick was weighted in the centre using a perforated stone.
In simple words: Women initiated cultivation using pointed sticks to sow seeds, often weighted with perforated stones to penetrate deeper into the soil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail both the agents (women) and the tools/methods (pointed sticks, perforated stones) used in early cultivation for a comprehensive answer.

Question 2. How did a social system based on agriculture came into existence?
Answer:
1. Essential things like sharing of agricultural tasks and water resources and the security of the village-settlement gained importance.
2. People in the village-settlements established some rules and customs to manage these things.
3. Thus, a social system based on agriculture came into existence.
In simple words: The need to collectively manage farming duties, water resources, and village security led to the creation of rules and customs, forming a social system centered around agriculture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the practical requirements of agricultural life (resource management, security) to the development of structured social systems.

Question 3. How was barter system established?
Answer:
1. When the farmers in the village-settlements
2. produced surplus food, they felt the need for skilled craftsmen who would provide them with agricultural implements and also repair them.
3. Such craftsmen were paid in the form of food grains or other articles. The craftsmen also purchased the required raw material in the form of foodgrains
4. Thus, buying and selling by exchanging goods for goods called barter system was established.
In simple words: The barter system emerged when farmers, having surplus food, traded it with skilled craftsmen for tools and repairs, and craftsmen in turn used goods like foodgrains to acquire raw materials, establishing a direct exchange of goods and services.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the chain of events that led to the barter system: surplus food leading to specialized labor, which then required a non-monetary system of exchange for goods and services.

Question 4. Describe the structure of houses in the New Stone Age.
Answer:
1. The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub i.e. the walls were screens woven from sticks or bamboo and plastered with mud or cow dog.
2. Later when the population in the village ettlement grew, people began to build quadrangular" houses of sun-dried bricks. These houses were also bigger and had more than one room.
3. Regional differences are seen in the styles of constructing houses, depending on the local climate.
In simple words: Early New Stone Age houses were made of wattle and daub (woven sticks plastered with mud). As populations grew, people started building larger, quadrangular houses with sun-dried bricks, and house styles varied by region.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests knowledge of early human architectural development and adaptation to environment and population growth.

Question 5. Describe the ritual of burying the dead in the village settlements.
Answer:
i. A dead person was buried either in the house or in the courtyard with the idea that the person's bond with the family should not get cut off even after death.
ii. Families would also bury various articles with the dead person for them to use even after death.
In simple words: People in village settlements buried their dead inside or near their homes, believing this maintained a bond with the family after death. They also buried personal items with the deceased for use in the afterlife.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the cultural practices and beliefs surrounding death and family continuity in early settled communities.

Question 7. How did the village administrative system came into being?
Answer:
1. The village community made rules for mutual co-operation in order to keep trade running smoothly.
2. People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the chiefs of village settlements
3. These chiefs were also entrusted with the protection of the village.
4. This is how the village administrative system came into being.
In simple words: To ensure smooth trade and cooperation, village communities created rules. People responsible for these rules became chiefs, who also took on the role of protecting the village, leading to the formation of a simple administrative system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the evolutionary process of governance in early settlements, driven by the need for order, cooperation, and security.

Glossary

1. entrusted : assigned the responsibility to doing something to (someone)
2. archaeological : of history
3. implementation : put into effect
4. deities: gods and goddesses
5. moats: a deep, wide ditch surrounding a house.
6. wattle: and
7. daub: material used in building walls.
8. perforated: pierced with a hote.
9. accommodate : provide sufficient space for.
10. surplus : extra.
11. abundance : a large quantity fo something
12. experimentation: procedure.
13. complied: meet specified standards.
14. quadrangular : having four sides

Class 5 Environmental Studies Questions And Answers:

• Chapter 1 What is History? Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Chapter 2 History and the Concept of 'Time' Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Chapter 3 Life on Earth Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Chapter 4 Evolution Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Chapter 6 Stone Age: Stone Tools Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Chapter 10 Historic Period Class 5 Questions And Answers