Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part 2 Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization Solutions

5th Standard Evs 2 Lesson Number 9 Question Answer Settled Life And Urban Civilization Maharashtra Board

Std 5 Evs 2 Chapter 9 Question Answer

Question 1. From the chart below, find out the names of the three periods into which ancient objects are classified and use them to match the three classes given below.

S	I	G	P	M	I
C	O	P	P	E	R
A	E	C	O	L	O
S	T	O	N	E	N

(a) Stone tools : .......... Age.
(b) Copper tools and other copper objects : .............Age.
(c) Iron tools and other iron objects : .......... Age.
Answer:
(a) Stone tools : Stone Age.
(b) Copper tools and other copper objects : Copper Age.
(c) Iron tools and other iron objects: Iron Age.
In simple words: The chart provides letters that, when arranged, reveal the names of the three historical ages corresponding to the types of tools listed. By combining the letters, we identify the Stone Age, Copper Age, and Iron Age.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the classification of historical periods based on tool materials is crucial for comprehending early human development and technology. Pay attention to the specific materials associated with each age.

Question a. Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. Copper
2. Gold
3. Iron
Answer:
1. Gold
2. Copper
3. Iron.
In simple words: Gold was discovered earliest, followed by copper, and then iron, marking the sequence of metal discovery and use in history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Chronological ordering questions test your knowledge of historical timelines. Remember the sequence of metal discovery (Gold, then Copper, then Iron) as it signifies a progression in human technological capabilities.

Question b. Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. Copper Age
2. Iron Age
3. Stone Age
Answer:
1. Stone Age
2. Copper Age
3. Iron Age.
In simple words: The historical ages progressed from the Stone Age, characterized by stone tools, to the Copper Age with copper tools, and finally to the Iron Age where iron became the dominant material for tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mastering the chronological order of these ages (Stone, Copper, Iron) is fundamental for understanding the evolution of human societies and their technological advancements. Each age represents a distinct phase in tool-making and resource utilization.

Question a. Discovery of copper
Answer: Copper was used for making tools and implements by humans.
In simple words: The discovery of copper led to its use in creating tools and implements, marking a significant step in human technology beyond stone.

🎯 Exam Tip: The discovery of copper represents a key turning point in human history, allowing for the creation of more durable and versatile tools than stone. This innovation significantly impacted daily life and work.

Question b. Discovery of wheel
Answer: The wheel was first used by the potters and later for running bullock carts and chariots.
In simple words: The wheel, first used in pottery, revolutionized transport and pottery making, leading to more efficient movement of goods and people.

🎯 Exam Tip: The invention of the wheel is one of humanity's most transformative discoveries. Its application in pottery and transportation highlights its profound impact on early urban development, trade, and daily activities.

Question c. Use of script
Answer: The script is used for permanent record-keeping production and other events.
In simple words: Script enabled societies to record information permanently, facilitating administration, trade, and the preservation of knowledge.

🎯 Exam Tip: The development of script was crucial for organized societies, allowing for complex record-keeping necessary for managing trade, administration, and legal matters. It marked a shift from oral traditions to written history.

Question a. Use of metal.
Answer:
1. Christian Thomsen studied the pre-historic artifacts and antique objects and introduced the 'Three Age System' for classifying these objects.
2. The objects were classified into the following order :
• Stone tools
• Copper tools and articles
• Iron tools and articles.
3. Gold was the first metal used. It was a soft metal and could not be used to make tools and implements.
4. Humans discovered copper to make tools and thereby the 'Copper Age' began.
In simple words: The use of metals evolved from initial gold discoveries, which were too soft for tools, to copper, which marked the beginning of the Copper Age, allowing for more practical tools and systems of classification for these periods.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question covers the foundational concepts of archaeological classification and the early history of metal use. Remember Christian Thomsen's "Three Age System" and the progression from impractical gold to functional copper, which initiated a new technological era.

Question b. Social organization in the ancient cities
Answer:
1. The roots of culture in cities were in the culture of village-settlements of the New Stone Age.
2. The earlier faith system, social life, and festivals became more elaborate in cities.
3. Grand temples were built in many cities. Chiefs of these temples became chief administrators of these cities. Later the positions of temple head and King were held by the same individual.
In simple words: Ancient urban social structures evolved from New Stone Age village cultures, leading to more complex faith systems, elaborate festivals, and the emergence of powerful temple chiefs who eventually combined their religious authority with kingly rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the transition from village life to urban social organization is key. Note how religious institutions (temples and their chiefs) often played a central role in early urban administration and leadership, eventually merging with secular power to form kingship.

Fill In The Blanks:

Question 1.
1. ........... in Europe had large collections of pre-historic artefacts and antique objects.
2. A scholar named ........... introduced a method for classifying the pre-historic artefacts.
3. The method put forth by Thomsen is called the Three ........... System.
4. Thomsen established with the help of evidence that ........... tools were the earliest.
5. The period of ........... tools and articles was next.
6. It is a belief that ........... was the first metal to come into use.
7. Actually, ........... Was the first metal to be used.
8. ...............could not be used to make tools and implements.
9. The invention of the ........... is the most important invention.
10. The ........... was first used by potters.
11. Once the potters began to use a wheel, it became possible to make pots in ........... numbers.
12. People started making ........... pots with beautiful designs painted on them.
13. As the scale of production increased, ........... too expanded with it.
14. Wheeled vehicles like ........... and ........... were first to come into use.
15. It became necessary to keep permanent ........... of the expanding trade and growing production.
16. Rise in trade had been a major factor that contributed to the emergence and development of ............
17. The social life and ........... based on agricultural faith systems became more elaborate in cities.
18. Grand ........... were built in many cities.
19. Chiefs of those temples became chief ........... of these cities.
20. The positions of the temple head and that of the king went to the ........... individual
21. Urban culture had its roots in the culture ............. of the New Stone Age.
Answer:
1. museums
2. Christian Thomsen
3. Age
4. stone
5. copper
6. copper
7. gold
8. gold
9. wheel
10. wheel
11. large
12. symmetrical
13. trade
14. cart, chariots
15. records
16. cities
17. festivals
18. temples
19. administrators
20. same
21. village-settlements.
In simple words: This section fills in the blanks regarding historical discoveries, technological advancements like the wheel, the rise of trade and cities, and the development of social structures from village settlements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Fill in the blanks questions test your recall of key facts and terminology. Review the names of scholars, inventions, and organizational structures mentioned to ensure accuracy.

Answer Each Of The Following Question In One Sentence:

Question 1. Where were the artefacts and antique objects placed?
Answer: Pre-historic artefacts and antique objects were placed in museums in Europe.
In simple words: Ancient artifacts were stored in museums across Europe for preservation and study.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that museums serve as important repositories for historical artifacts, enabling their study and preservation for future generations.

Question 2. Who introduced the system of classifying the artefacts?
Answer: A scholar named Christian Thomsen introduced the method for classifying the artefacts.
In simple words: Christian Thomsen was the scholar who developed a system for categorizing historical artifacts.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's important to associate Christian Thomsen with the development of systematic artifact classification, a cornerstone of archaeological study.

Question 3. What was the system introduced by Christian Thomsen called?
Answer: The classifying system by Thomsen was called the "Three Age System'.
In simple words: Thomsen's method for classifying artifacts is known as the "Three Age System".

🎯 Exam Tip: The "Three Age System" is a fundamental concept in archaeology. Knowing its name and originator (Thomsen) is essential for historical studies.

Question 4. Into which periods were the artefacts classified?
Answer: They were classified into three periods i.e. Stone Age, Copper Age and Iron Age respectively.
In simple words: Artifacts were categorized into the Stone Age, Copper Age, and Iron Age based on the dominant material used for tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: The classification of artifacts into these three distinct ages reflects a progression in human technological development, from basic stone tools to advanced metalworking.

Question 5. Which was the first metal to be used?
Answer: Gold was the first metal to be used.
In simple words: Gold was the initial metal utilized by humans.

🎯 Exam Tip: While gold was the first metal used, its softness limited its practical application for tools, leading to the later adoption of harder metals like copper.

Question 6. Why could gold not be used to make tools and implements?
Answer: Gold is a soft metal so it could be used to make tools and implements.
In simple words: Gold's softness made it unsuitable for crafting durable tools and implements.

🎯 Exam Tip: The physical properties of metals, such as hardness, directly influenced their suitability for tool-making in ancient times. Gold's malleability meant it was more decorative than functional.

Question 7. Which other metal was discovered?
Answer: Copper was discovered.
In simple words: After gold, copper was the next significant metal to be found.

🎯 Exam Tip: The discovery of copper marked a crucial transition from the Stone Age, as it offered superior properties for tool construction compared to gold or stone.

Question 8. Which was the most important invention in the Copper Age?
Answer: The invention of the wheel was the most important invention in the Copper Age.
In simple words: The wheel stands out as the most vital invention during the Copper Age.

🎯 Exam Tip: The wheel's invention during the Copper Age dramatically advanced both pottery production and transportation, signifying a major leap in human ingenuity.

Question 9. By whom was the wheel first used by?
Answer: Wheel was first used by potters.
In simple words: Potters were the initial users of the wheel.

🎯 Exam Tip: The wheel's primary application by potters for crafting symmetrical vessels highlights its initial impact on specialized craft production before its widespread adoption in transport.

Question 10. With the use of wheel, what was possible for the potters?
Answer: With the use of the wheel, the potters were able to make a large number of symmetrical and beautiful pots.
In simple words: The wheel enabled potters to efficiently create many symmetrical and aesthetically pleasing pots.

🎯 Exam Tip: The potter's wheel vastly improved efficiency and quality in pottery, leading to mass production and standardized goods, which had economic implications.

Question 11. Why did potters and other craftsmen began to live close to each other in the settlements?
Answer: In the village settlements, the potters and craftsmen lived close to each other so as to manage their work more easily.
In simple words: Potters and craftsmen clustered together in villages to streamline their work and collaborate more effectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: The formation of craft-specific settlements allowed for specialization and efficient resource sharing, contributing to the growth and organization of early communities.

Question 12. What led to the expansion of trade?
Answer: Increase in production led to the expansion of the trade.
In simple words: Higher production volumes fueled the growth of trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: A surplus in goods, driven by increased production efficiency, is a primary catalyst for the expansion of trade networks in any economy.

Question 13. Which wheeled vehicles came in to use?
Answer: Wheeled vehicles like carts and chariots came into use.
In simple words: Carts and chariots were introduced as wheeled forms of transportation.

🎯 Exam Tip: The invention of the wheel rapidly led to the development of carts and chariots, transforming transport for goods and people and having significant military implications.

Question 14. What happened when carts and chariots were introduced?
Answer: Long distance trade and rapid transport of goods became possible with the introduction of wheels into transport.
In simple words: The introduction of carts and chariots enabled faster transport of goods and facilitated long-distance trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Wheeled transport revolutionized commerce by reducing travel time and increasing carrying capacity, leading to expanded trade routes and economic integration.

Question 15. What became necessary due to the expanding trade?
Answer: It became necessary to keep permanent records of the expanding trade and growing population
In simple words: The growth in trade and population necessitated the creation of permanent record-keeping systems.

🎯 Exam Tip: As societies grew more complex with expanding trade, the need for accurate documentation became paramount for managing transactions, resources, and governance.

Question 16. What was used to keep permanent records of the expanding trade and growing production?
Answer: Script was developed for the purpose of keeping permanent records of expanding trade and growing production.
In simple words: Script was invented to maintain lasting records of increasing trade and production activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: The development of script was a direct response to the administrative needs of complex societies, enabling detailed record-keeping that transcended oral memory.

Question 17. What did rise in trade contribute to?
Answer: Rise in trade contributed to the emergence and development of cities.
In simple words: Increased trade played a key role in the formation and growth of urban centers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trade fostered economic growth and attracted people, leading to the concentration of populations and the development of specialized services, thus driving urban expansion.

Question 18. What was built in cities?
Answer: Grand temples were built in cities.
In simple words: Large, impressive temples were constructed within urban areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Grand temples often served as central hubs in ancient cities, not just for religious worship but also as centers for administration, economy, and community gathering.

Question 19. Who became the chief administrator of the cities?
Answer: The chiefs of the temple became the chief administrator of the cities.
In simple words: Temple chiefs assumed the role of primary administrators in urban centers.

🎯 Exam Tip: In early urban civilizations, religious leaders often wielded significant secular power, blending spiritual and administrative authority to govern cities.

Question 20. What did the position of temple-head merge into?
Answer: The position of the temple-head merged into that of the king.
In simple words: The role of the temple-head evolved and combined with the position of the king.

🎯 Exam Tip: This merger of religious and secular leadership (temple-head and king) is a common pattern in the formation of early state societies, centralizing power and authority.

Answer Each Of The Following Questions In Brief:

Question 1. Explain in brief the 'Three Age System'.
Answer:
1. A scholar named Christian Thomsen introduced this method of classifying pre historic artefacts.
2. Thomsen classified the objects into three groups.
• Stone Age - Stone tools
• Copper Age - Copper tools and other copper articles.
• Iron Age - Iron tools and other iron articles.
In simple words: The 'Three Age System,' proposed by Christian Thomsen, categorizes prehistoric artifacts based on the primary material used for tools: Stone Age, Copper Age, and Iron Age. This system provides a chronological framework for human technological development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the "Three Age System" by naming its founder (Christian Thomsen) and listing the three ages with their associated tool materials. This demonstrates a foundational understanding of archaeological periodization.

Question 2. Which village settlements expanded rapidly?
Answer:
1. Potters and craftsmen began to live close to each other in the settlement so as to manage their work more easily.
2. This became the industrial area of that village where skilled craftsmen had their settlements and centres of production
3. This happened mainly in those village settlements where the raw material was easily available and in those which were conveniently situated for trade.
4. Such village-settlements expanded rapidly.
In simple words: Village settlements with readily available raw materials, strategic trade locations, and concentrations of interdependent craftsmen (like potters) expanded rapidly as they became centers of production and economic activity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the factors contributing to rapid village expansion: resource availability, trade routes, and the clustering of specialized labor. These elements fostered economic growth and population concentration.

Question 3. Why was the need to maintain records felt?
Answer:
(i) Long distance trade, rapid transport of goods and centres of large scale production are factors that brought together people engaged in different types of work.
(ii) Therefore, it became necessary to keep permanent records of the expanding trade and growing population.
In simple words: As long-distance trade, efficient transport, and large-scale production increased, bringing diverse workers together, a permanent record-keeping system became essential to manage the expanding economy and population effectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the complexity arising from expanded trade, transport, and production. The core reason for record-keeping was to manage these increasingly intricate economic and social interactions efficiently and accurately.

Question 4. How did each culture develop its own script?
Answer:
1. There was an increase in trade and production and also the growth in the volume of records to be kept
2. This resulted in much modification and improvement in the signs and symbols used for these purposes.
3. In this way, each culture developed its own script.
In simple words: As trade and production grew, necessitating more records, cultures adapted and refined existing signs and symbols to meet these needs, leading to the independent development of unique scripts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the direct link between the practical need for record-keeping due to increased trade and production, and the subsequent modification of existing symbols, which ultimately led to the emergence of distinct cultural scripts.

Question 5. How did kingship develop in cities?
Answer:
1. Grand temples were built in many cities that had prospered due to the rise in trade.
2. Chiefs of those temples became chief administrators of those cities.
3. Later, the positions of the temple head and that of the king went to the same individual.
4. This is how initially kingship developed in the ancient urban civilizations.
In simple words: Kingship in ancient cities emerged from the growing influence of prosperous temples and their chiefs, who initially served as administrators. Over time, the religious authority of the temple head merged with the secular power of a king, centralizing rule in one individual.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the progression from religious authority to political power. The rise of grand temples due to trade prosperity, the administrative role of temple chiefs, and the eventual fusion of this role with kingship are key points to cover.

Question 6. How did the people engaged in different types of work come together?
Answer:
1. Expansion of village-settlements resulted in increase in production.
2. Due to increase in production, trade too expanded and there was then a need to change the old systems of transport.
3. Long distance trade, rapid transport of goods and centres of large scale production are factors that brought together people engaged in different types of work.
In simple words: People from diverse professions gathered due to expanding village settlements, increased production, and the resulting need for improved transport and long-distance trade. These economic and logistical factors fostered social congregation and collaboration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the dots between economic developments (increased production, trade) and their social consequences (people coming together). Improved transport and the need for specialized labor in production centers were key drivers of this convergence.

Question 7. What is 'pivot?
Answer:
(i) A pointed quartz pebble fixed at the bottom of a potter's wheel is called a pivot.
(ii) When the potter's wheel is put in motion, it is balanced on this pivot and thus revolves with a great speed.
In simple words: A pivot, in the context of a potter's wheel, is a pointed quartz pebble at its base that allows the wheel to balance and spin rapidly when set in motion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define 'pivot' specifically in the context of the potter's wheel, explaining its material (quartz pebble) and its function in enabling the wheel's balanced and fast rotation, which is crucial for pottery making.

Question 8. Into how many groups is the Three Age System' classified?
Answer: The Three Age System', is classified into.
• Stone Age - Stone tools
• Copper Age - Copper tools and other articles
• Iron Age - Iron tools and other articles.
In simple words: The 'Three Age System' classifies human prehistory into three main groups: the Stone Age (stone tools), the Copper Age (copper tools), and the Iron Age (iron tools).

🎯 Exam Tip: State the three ages clearly and link each to its defining material (stone, copper, iron) to show a complete understanding of this fundamental archaeological classification system.

Glossary:

1. antique : ancient, hare
2. classifying: separating
3. Urban: of a town or city
4. rapid : fast
5. scripts: written text
6. emergence: process of coming into existence
7. durable : able to withstand pressure or damages