Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part 2 Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village settlements Solutions

5th Standard EVS 2 Lesson Number 7 Question Answer From Shelters To Village-settlements Maharashtra Board

Std 5 EVS 2 Chapter 7 Question Answer

1. Answer The Following Question In One Sentence.

Question a. Which animals did the Homo sapiens mainly hunt?
Answer: The Homo sapiens mainly hunted small animals like the wild bear, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
In simple words: Homo sapiens primarily hunted smaller, more accessible animals such as wild bears, deer, mountain goats, and sheep for sustenance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to list specific animals hunted by Homo sapiens to ensure full marks for detail.

Question b. What is the characteristic of the New Stone Age?
Answer: The beginning of cultivation is a characteristic of the New Stone Age culture.
In simple words: The New Stone Age is defined by the significant development of agriculture and cultivation practices.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on 'cultivation' as the key distinguishing feature when describing the New Stone Age.

2. Give Reasons For The Following.

Question a. The diet of Homo sapiens underwent a change.
Answer: The climate underwent change and became warmer. Big animals like mammals were on the way to extinction. Therefore, the diet of the Homo sapiens underwent a change.
In simple words: Due to a warmer climate and the extinction of large mammals, Homo sapiens had to adapt their diet, leading to a change in their food sources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link climate change and animal extinction directly to the change in Homo sapiens' diet for a complete answer.

Question b. Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place over longer periods of time.
Answer:
(1) It was no longer necessary to wander from place to place in search of food.
(2) They moved their camps to different places according to seasonal changes in climate. Thus, the Homo sapiens stayed in one place over a longer period of time.
In simple words: As food sources became more stable and predictable, and seasonal changes influenced camp locations, Homo sapiens began to settle in one place for longer durations, reducing the need for constant migration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the roles of stable food and seasonal camps in promoting longer-term settlements for higher scoring.

3. Observe The Reconstructed Picture Of A Middle Stone Age Seasonal Camp And Answer The Following.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र मध्य पाषाण युग के एक मौसमी शिविर का पुनर्निर्मित दृश्य दर्शाता है। इसमें लोग एक नदी या तटरेखा के पास झोपड़ियों में रह रहे हैं, विभिन्न गतिविधियों जैसे कि मछली पकड़ना, खेती करना और छोटी नावें बनाना दर्शाया गया है। यह शिविर घास-फूस की छत वाली झुकी हुई झोपड़ियों और लकड़ी के उपयोग को दर्शाता है।

Question a. Describe the structure of the houses in the picture.
Answer: The roof is inclining and is of thatched grass.
In simple words: The houses in the illustration feature sloping roofs made from thatched grass.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing structures from an image, focus on key visual details like roof type and material.

Question b. What materials are used to construct the houses?
Answer: Grass and wood have been used to construct the houses.
In simple words: The houses are built using natural materials readily available, primarily grass and wood.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying the primary construction materials from the historical context is crucial for this type of question.

Question c. What kind of jobs could the people in the seasonal camps have been doing?
Answer: The people at the seasonal camp were engaged in fishing, agriculture, hunting, and making small boats.
In simple words: People in the seasonal camps were involved in a mix of activities including fishing, farming, hunting, and crafting small boats.

🎯 Exam Tip: Enumerate multiple activities to show a comprehensive understanding of early human tasks.

4. Write About The Effects On Your Life, Of The Seasonal Changes In Weather.

Question 1. Write about the effects on your life, of the seasonal changes in weather.
Answer: The seasonal changes in weather result in changes in my clothing. I wear warm clothes during winter and light cotton clothes in summer. The seasonal changes in climate make me sick sometimes and I am forced to take medicines. I cannot go out and play games with my friends in the rainy season.
In simple words: Seasonal weather changes influence my clothing choices, health, and outdoor activities, dictating whether I wear warm or light clothes, if I get sick, or if I can play outside.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific examples for each season to illustrate the impact of weather changes effectively.

5. Compare The New Stone Age Village With A Modern Village.

Question 1. Compare the New Stone Age village with a modern village.
Answer:

New Stone Age village	Modern village
1. New Stone Age village was primitive as it was an early village-settlement.	1. Modern village is much developed as it underwent many changes over a period of time.
2. New Stone Age village was in remote areas and had no contact with the outside world.	2. Modern villages are well-connected with the outside world with the means of transport and communication.
3. Human beings lived in huts.	3. Human beings live in constructed houses.
4. Agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing were the main activities of the villagers.	4. Besides agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing, many other activities are undertaken by the villagers with the help of machines.

In simple words: New Stone Age villages were primitive, isolated settlements based on simple farming and hunting in huts, while modern villages are developed, connected communities with advanced infrastructure and mechanized activities beyond basic subsistence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use clear comparative points in a table format to effectively highlight the differences between the two types of villages.

Activities :

a. Construct models of different types of houses.
b. Visit agricultural farms and collect information of the various agricultural tasks that farmers have to do.
c. Visit five different types of houses in your locality and collect information about the materials used in the construction of those houses.
d. With your teacher's help, observe the continents shown on a world map or a globe and write short notes about them.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 7 From Shelters To Village-settlements Additional Important Questions And Answers

Fill In The Blanks :

Question 1.
(1) The Neanderthals could protect themselves from the freezing temperatures because they wore .......... clothing and made .......... inside the caves for warmth
(2) They used animal hides to erect ..........
(3) They also built.................... in the open.
(4) In the Middle Stone Age groups of Homo sapiens established .......... all over the world.
(5) At that time, the climate was getting ..........
(6) With the change in environment, the .......... of the Homo sapiens also changed.
(7) Big animals like mammoth were on the way to..............
(8) The .......... were hunted on a large scale.
(9) Homo sapiens had largely turned to .......... with hunting.
(10) Homo sapiens hunted. .......... animals like boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
(11) The changed diet pattern enabled the groups of Homo sapiens to................... to faraway regions.
(12) They moved their camps to different places according to .......... changes.
(13) The Homo sapiens harvested seasonal wild grains and gathered seasonal and ..........
(14) They would find out the best seasons for ..........
(15) By observation, they discovered the best .......... grounds.
(16) They ........ in one place for longer periods.
(17) They cleared jungles by felling trees and set up their ......... camps in the clearings.
(18) The ways of life of .......... in the New Stone Age was completely different from that of humans in the Old Stone Age.
(19) In the New Stone Age, humans became .......... of foodgrains.
(20) The beginning of ............ is a characteristic of the culture of the New Stone Age.
(21) In the .......... way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.
(22) Agriculture made it possible to .......... food and use it over a long period.
(23) .......... made it necessary to stay in one place.
(24) People established ........ settlements and lived in them generation after generation.
(25) In the Middle Stone Age, the climate was getting ..........
(26) The Neanderthals used animal............... to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.
Answer:
(1) leather, fire
(2) tents
(3) huts
(4) camps
(5) warmer
(6) diet
(7) extinction
(8) mammoth
(9) fishing
(10) smaller
(11) roam
(12) seasonal
(13) fruits, roots
(14) fishing
(15) hunting
(16) stayed
(17) seasonal
(18) humans
(19) producers
(20) cultivation
(21) hunting, gathering
(22) store
(23) agriculture
(24) permanent
(25) warmer
(26) hides
In simple words: This section covers various aspects of early human life, including Neanderthal protection from cold, Homo sapiens' adaptation to climate changes, hunting practices, dietary shifts, the establishment of camps and permanent settlements due to agriculture, and the concept of a migratory lifestyle.

🎯 Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks, understanding the historical context and vocabulary related to early human life is essential. Review key terms like 'cultivation', 'extinction', 'seasonal', and 'permanent settlements'.

Answer Each Of The Following Questions In One Sentence:

Question 1. Why did the Neanderthals live in caves?
Answer: The Neanderthals lived in caves because at that time the climate in Europe was extremely cold.
In simple words: Neanderthals lived in caves primarily for shelter from the very cold European climate.

🎯 Exam Tip: Direct and concise answers focusing on the primary reason are best for one-sentence questions.

Question 2. How did the Neanderthals protect themselves from the extreme cold climate?
Answer: To protect themselves from the freezing temperature, the Neanderthals made fire for warmth and wore leather clothing.
In simple words: Neanderthals used fire and leather clothing to shield themselves from extreme cold.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the two main methods (fire and clothing) used for protection in your answer.

Question 3. What did the Neanderthals do to their caves to protect themselves from the freezing temperature?
Answer: To protect themselves from the freezing temperature, they used animal hides to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.
In simple words: Neanderthals built tents from animal hides inside their caves to enhance warmth and protection from cold.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the specific use of animal hides *inside* caves for warmth, distinguishing it from general clothing.

Question 4. Where did they live when it was warm?
Answer: They built huts in the open to live when it was warm.
In simple words: During warmer periods, they constructed huts in open areas for habitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between living in caves (cold) and open huts (warm) for clear understanding.

Question 5. Where did the Middle Stone Age man establish their camps?
Answer: The Middle Stone Age man established their camps all over the world.
In simple words: Middle Stone Age humans established their temporary settlements across various regions globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the wide geographical spread of Middle Stone Age camps.

Question 6. Why did they establish their camps all over the world?
Answer: As the climate was getting warmer and the environment was changing their lifestyle and diet were also changing and this enabled them establish their camps all over the world.
In simple words: Warmer climate, changing environments, and evolving lifestyles allowed Middle Stone Age humans to expand their settlements globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect climate, environmental changes, lifestyle, and diet as factors for widespread camp establishment.

Question 7. How did a huge animal like the mammoth get extinct?
Answer: A huge animal like the mammoth got extinct because mammoths were hunted on a large scale.
In simple words: Mammoths became extinct primarily due to extensive hunting by humans.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key reason for mammoth extinction in this context is large-scale hunting.

Question 8. Which smaller animals did the Middle Stone Age man hunt?
Answer: The Middle Stone Age man hunted smaller animals like boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
In simple words: Middle Stone Age humans hunted smaller animals such as boar, deer, mountain goat, and sheep.

🎯 Exam Tip: List a few specific examples of smaller animals hunted by Middle Stone Age humans.

Question 9. What enabled the Homo sapiens to travel to faraway regions?
Answer: Their changed diet pattern enabled groups of Homo sapiens to roam to faraway regions.
In simple words: A diversified diet allowed Homo sapiens to venture into and settle in distant territories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the change in diet to the increased mobility and expansion of Homo sapiens.

Question 10. Why did the Homo sapiens move their camps to different places?
Answer: The Homo sapiens moved their camps to different places according to the seasonal changes.
In simple words: Homo sapiens relocated their camps based on seasonal variations to find resources.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Seasonal changes' is the core reason for the movement of camps.

Question 11. Other than hunting, how did the Homo sapiens acquire their food?
Answer: Other than hunting, the Homo sapiens harvested seasonal wild grains and gathered seasonal fruits and roots.
In simple words: Beyond hunting, Homo sapiens gathered seasonal wild grains, fruits, and roots for food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention both wild grains and gathered plants (fruits/roots) as alternative food sources.

Question 12. Why did the Homo sapiens begin to fell trees?
Answer: The Homo sapiens felled trees to clear the jungles and set up their seasonal camps in the clearings.
In simple words: Homo sapiens cut down trees to clear land for establishing seasonal camps.

🎯 Exam Tip: The purpose of felling trees was to create clearings for temporary settlements.

Question 13. What enabled the New Stone Age man to establish permanent village-settlements?
Answer: The nature of agricultural work made it possible for the New Stone Age man to establish permanent village-settlements.
In simple words: The development of agriculture allowed New Stone Age humans to establish stable, permanent villages.

🎯 Exam Tip: Directly connect 'agricultural work' with the formation of 'permanent village-settlements'.

Question 14. In which way of life is it necessary to keep moving?
Answer: In the hunting and gathering way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.
In simple words: A nomadic lifestyle is essential in hunting and gathering societies to find food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify 'hunting and gathering' as the lifestyle requiring constant movement.

Question 15. According to the climate, what work was done by the Homo sapiens?
Answer: According to the climate, fishing and hunting was the work done by Homo sapiens.
In simple words: Homo sapiens engaged in fishing and hunting, adapting these activities to prevailing climatic conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the adaptability of Homo sapiens' work (fishing and hunting) to climate.

Give Reasons For The Following :

Question 1. Homo sapiens had largely turned to fishing.
Answer: As the mammoths became extinct due to hunting, the Homo sapiens turned to fishing.
In simple words: Homo sapiens shifted towards fishing as a primary food source after large mammals like mammoths became extinct from overhunting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the cause-and-effect: mammoth extinction led to a shift to fishing.

Question 2. Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place over a longer period of time.
Answer:
(i) By observation of nature, the Homo sapiens discovered and learnt about the best seasons for fishing and the best hunting ground.
(ii) For this reason, they needed to stay in one place for a longer period of time.
In simple words: Homo sapiens stayed longer in one place after learning seasonal patterns for optimal fishing and hunting through observing nature.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that gained knowledge about seasonal resources contributed to longer stays.

Question 3. People established permanent village settlements.
Answer:
(i) The nature of agricultural work made it necessary to stay in one place.
(ii) Therefore people established permanent village-settlements to live in them generation after generation
In simple words: Agricultural practices required a stationary lifestyle, prompting people to establish permanent villages where they lived continuously for generations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Directly link the requirements of agriculture to the necessity and establishment of permanent settlements.

Question 4. By the time of the Middle Stone Age, big animals like mammoths were on the way to extinction.
Answer: Due to the changing environment and also because they were hunted on a very large scale, big animals like mammoths were on the way to extinction by the time of the Middle Stone Age.
In simple words: Large animals like mammoths faced extinction by the Middle Stone Age due to both environmental changes and extensive human hunting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention both environmental changes and large-scale hunting as contributing factors to the extinction of big animals.

Answer Each Of The Questions In Brief :

Question 1. Why did the hunting pattern of the Homo sapiens change with time?
Answer:
(1) With the mammoth becoming extinct, the Homo sapiens had to turn to fishing.
(2) He also hunted smaller animals like wild boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
(3) Thus, the hunting pattern of the Homo sapiens changed with time.
In simple words: The extinction of mammoths forced Homo sapiens to shift from hunting large game to primarily fishing and hunting smaller animals like boar and deer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly articulate the two main changes in hunting patterns: shift to fishing and targeting smaller animals, and link them to mammoth extinction.

Question 2. How did the Homo sapiens discover the best hunting grounds and fishing seasons?
Answer: By observation of nature and using this knowledge to their advantage, the Homo sapiens discovered the best season for fishing and also the best hunting grounds.
In simple words: Homo sapiens learned to identify optimal hunting grounds and fishing seasons by keenly observing natural patterns and cycles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight 'observation of nature' as the primary method for discovering resource-rich areas and times.

Question 3. How and why did the Homo sapiens clear the jungle?
Answer:
(i) For fishing and hunting in one particular region, the Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place for longer periods.
(ii) So they cleared the jungles by felling trees and set up their seasonal camps in the clearings.
In simple words: Homo sapiens cleared jungles by felling trees to create clearings, enabling them to establish seasonal camps and stay longer in specific regions for hunting and fishing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the need for longer stays for hunting/fishing to the action of clearing land for camps.

Question 4. Why did the people of the New Stone Age establish permanent village-settlements and lived in them generation after generation?
Answer:
(1) In hunting and gathering way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.
(2) However, agriculture made it possible to store food and use it over a longer period. Hence, their need to move constantly diminished.
(3) The nature of agricultural work was such that they had to stay in one place.
(4) Therefore people established permanent village-settlements and lived in them generation after generation.
In simple words: The advent of agriculture allowed food storage and necessitated a stationary lifestyle, eliminating the constant movement of hunting-gathering and leading to the establishment of permanent villages where generations lived.

🎯 Exam Tip: This answer requires a comparison between nomadic and settled lifestyles, emphasizing how agriculture led to permanence and generational living.

Question 5. How did the Neanderthals protect themselves from the cold?
Answer:
(1) The Neanderthals mainly lived in caves.
(2) They protected themselves from the cold by wearing leather clothes and making use of fire.
(3) They also used animal hides to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.
(4) This is how the Neanderthals protected themselves from the cold.
In simple words: Neanderthals protected themselves from the cold by residing in caves, using fire for warmth, wearing leather clothing, and constructing inner tents from animal hides.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the multiple strategies (caves, fire, leather clothes, hide tents) used by Neanderthals for cold protection.

Question 6. Why was there no need to keep moving constantly in the New Stone Age?
Answer:
(1) The way of human life in the New Stone Age was completely different as compared to the life in the Old Stone Age and Middle Stone Age.
(2) Humans became producers of food and started cultivating the land.
(3) Agriculture made it possible to store food and use it over a longer period.
(4) Therefore, there was no need for humans in the New Stone Age to constantly move from one place to another.
In simple words: In the New Stone Age, humans became food producers through agriculture, enabling them to store food and eliminate the constant movement required by the nomadic Old and Middle Stone Age lifestyles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the transition from food gatherer to food producer, enabled by agriculture and food storage, as the core reason for reduced mobility.

Glossary:

1. dietary: related to food
2. warmth : the quality or sensation of being warm.
3. extremely: very severe
4. faraway: distant in space and time.
5. felling: cutting down
6. scorching: burning
7. concrete : a building material made from a mixture of gravel, sand, cement and water
8. subsidiary : less important than but related to something
9. progre
10. ssive: proceeding gradually or in stages.