Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part 2 Chapter 6 Stone Age Stone Tools Solutions

5th Standard EVS 2 Lesson Number 6 Question Answer Stone Age: Stone Tools Maharashtra Board

Std 5 EVS 2 Chapter 6 Question Answer

1. Fill In The Blank.

Question a.That period, of which the tools that we find are mainly made from stone, is called the ............... . (Copper Age, Iron Age, Stone Age)
Answer:That period, of which the tools that we find are mainly made from stone, is called the Stone Age.
In simple words: The Stone Age is named for the primary material-stone-used to create tools during that prehistoric era. This classification helps archaeologists understand early human technology.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the primary material (stone) as the defining characteristic for the Stone Age, as it's a fundamental concept in historical studies.

 

Question b................ near Nashik is a well-known Old Stone Age site in Maharashtra. (Gangapur, Sinnar, Chandwad)
Answer:Gangapur near Nashik is a well-known Old Stone Age site in Maharashtra.
In simple words: Gangapur, located near Nashik, is a significant archaeological site in Maharashtra known for its Old Stone Age findings. Such sites help in understanding early human settlements and activities in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific geographical locations related to historical periods are often tested. Memorize key sites like Gangapur and their associated ages.

 

2. Find Out The Odd Pair From The Following.

Question 1.Find out the odd pair from the following.
(a) Rajasthan - Bagor
(b) Madhya Pradesh - Bhimbetka
(c) Gujarat - Langhnaj
(d) Maharashtra - Bijapur
Answer: (d) Maharashtra - Bijapur
In simple words: All pairs except (d) correctly associate a state with a known archaeological site from the Stone Age. Bijapur, however, is not a known Stone Age site in Maharashtra, making it the odd one out.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "odd one out" questions, ensure you know the correct association for each option. Geographical locations and historical sites are crucial for such questions.

 

3. Answer The Following Question In Brief.

Question a.How did man use the percussion technique?
Answer:1. The man in Old Stone Age used the percussion technique to make stone tools. 2. Percussion technique involves beating or striking one large pebble against another to obtain stone flakes.
In simple words: Early humans used the percussion technique by hitting one stone with another to chip off flakes, creating sharp edges for their tools. This method was fundamental for shaping stone into usable implements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the basic tool-making techniques of early humans. The percussion technique is a key concept for the Old Stone Age.

 

Question b.What revolution was brought about by Homo sapiens in the tool-making technique?
Answer:1. The Homo sapiens devised a technique of obtaining long and narrow blades of stone. 2. He made knife, scraper, borer and chisel from these long blades. 3. He used ivory and rare stones of the quartz variety for making tools and other articles.
In simple words: Homo sapiens revolutionized tool-making by creating long, narrow stone blades that could be fashioned into more specialized tools like knives and scrapers, and also incorporated materials like ivory and quartz. This innovation led to more efficient and diverse tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the advancements Homo sapiens made in tool technology, particularly the shift to specialized blades and the use of new materials. This marks a significant development.

 

4. Compare The Tools From All The Three Periods Of The Stone Age.

Question 1.Compare the tools from all the three periods of the Stone Age.
Answer:

Old Stone Age	Middle Stone Age	New Stone Age
1. Tools were crude as these made by the percussion technique	1. The quality of tools improved. Homo sapiens brought about a revolution in technique of making tools.	1. The tools were polished and had smooth and shiny finish as new type of tool-making technique was developed.
2. Chopper, hand-axe and clearer were made.	2. Different tools were used for different kinds of work.	2. Tools were mainly made for agricultural work as hunting had become a secondary activitiy.
3. Large stones and their flakes were rather heavy and odd in size.	3. Tools were light weight, durable proportionate and symmetrical.	3. Tools were light weight, durable, proportionate, symmetrical and efficient.

In simple words: Stone Age tools evolved from crude, heavy tools made by percussion in the Old Stone Age to lighter, proportionate, and symmetrical tools for various tasks in the Middle Stone Age, finally becoming polished, shiny, and highly efficient for agriculture in the New Stone Age. This shows a progression in craftsmanship and specialization.

🎯 Exam Tip: Comparative analysis is important. Focus on the key differences in tool quality, purpose, and manufacturing techniques across the three periods of the Stone Age.

 

5. Which Of The Following Modern Machines Has Stone Grinders?

Question 1.Which of the following modern machines has stone grinders?
(a) Mixer
(b) Flour mill
(c) Juicer
Answer: (b) Flour mill
In simple words: A flour mill uses stone grinders to crush grains into flour, similar in principle to ancient stone grinding tools but with modern mechanics. Mixers and juicers use blades or pressing mechanisms rather than stone grinding.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate ancient concepts to modern applications. Identify machines that still utilize the fundamental principle of grinding, often with stone-like components.

 

6. Show The Following Places On The Map Of India.

Question 1.Show the following places on the map of India.
(a) A site of the Old Stone Age in Maharashtra.
(b) A river basin with New Stone Age sites.
(c) A site of the Middle Stone Age in Madhya Pradesh.
Answer:
(a) A site of Old Stone Age in Maharashtra : Gangapur
(b) A river basin with New Stone Age site: Basin of river Ganga.
(c) A site of Middle Stone Age in Madhya Pradesh: Bhimbetka
In simple words: To correctly answer this, one would need a map of India to locate Gangapur (Maharashtra, Old Stone Age), the Ganga river basin (New Stone Age sites), and Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh, Middle Stone Age). These are crucial geographical markers for understanding prehistoric human habitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Map-based questions require precise knowledge of geographical locations of historical sites. Practice identifying these places on a blank map of India.

 

Activity:

Question 1.Visit various industries in your locality and collect information about the tools used there. Make a chart by classifying those tools.
In simple words: This activity encourages students to observe modern industries and identify the types of tools used, then categorize them. It helps them understand how tools are classified based on their function and design, linking to the historical study of tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Activities like this enhance practical understanding. Focus on observing, collecting information, and classifying based on logical criteria. This develops analytical skills.

 

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): एक चिकनी पॉलिश की हुई पत्थर की कुल्हाड़ी दिखाई गई है। यह नवपाषाण युग के एक उपकरण का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है। छात्र इसे देखकर उस समय के उपकरणों की बनावट और सुधार को समझ सकते हैं, जो पहले के युगों की तुलना में अधिक परिष्कृत थे।

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 6 Stone Age: Stone Tools Additional Important Questions And Answers

Fill In The Blanks:

Question 1.1. Apes like the chimpanzee also used .................... to break seeds and nuts. 2. Apes like the chimpanzee used .................... to stir the ants out from ant hills to catch them. 3. Early humans too, used bones, stones, twigs and sticks as .................... 4. Humans learnt that they could .................... rods, bones sticks and stones into tools to carry out their tasks more efficiently. 5. They also learnt they could give their tools any .................... they desired. 6. Humans made tools thousands of years ago, but only the ............. tools can be found today. 7. The Stone Age is divided into .................... periods. 8. Palaeolithic Age meAnswer:........... Stone Age. 9. Mesolithic Age meAnswer:........... Stone Age. 10. Neolithic Age meAnswer:........... Stone Age 11. Homo habilis and Homo erectus belonged to the .................... Stone Age. 12. Old Stone Age man used .................... techniques to make tools. 13. The first tools made in the Old Stone Age were .................... 14. .................... were tools with only one side having a sharp edge. 15. Choppers were used for .................... nuts or bones 16. Tools like the hand-axe and cleaver were made by .................... 17. Homo erectus could............... visualize his tools even before he actually shaped them. 18. The Neanderthal Man made further .................... in tool - making techniques. 19. Homo sapiens brought about a .................... in the technique of making tools. 20. He devised a technique of obtaining long and narrow .................... of stone. 21. Groups of Homo sapiens began to build .................... and live in them. 22. They also started celebrating .................... festivals. 23. Homo sapiens started using ornaments to .................... themselves. 24. .................... were made from shells, bones and the teeth of animal. 25. Fossils of a human skull and the .................... bone of an Old Stone Age woman were found on the bank of the Narmada. 26. A fossilized skull of a .................... from the Stone Age was found at a village near Puducherry. 27. Gangapur is on the banks of the .................... river. 28. Middle Stone Age man domesticated the .................... 29. .................... started to harvest food grains that grew in the wild and to domesticate animals. 30. In the New Stone Age, the stone tools were .................... to give a smooth and shiny finish. 31. In the New Stone Age, .................... was no more a major means of obtaining food. 32. Α.................... is large/broad bladed axe. 33. Tools like the hand-axe and cleaver were made by .................... 34. Groups of .................... had begun to build huts and live in them.
Answer:1. tones 2. sticks 3. tools 4. sharpen 5. shape 6. stone 7. three 8. old 9. middle 10. new 11. old 12. percussion 13. crude 14. choppers 15. breaking 16. Homo erectus 17. mentally 18. progress 19. revolution 20. blades 21. huts 22. social 23. adorn 24. beads 25. collar 26. child 27. Godavari 28. dog 29. Homo sapiens 30. polished 31. hunting 32. clearer 33. Homo erectus 34. Homo sapiens
In simple words: This fill-in-the-blanks exercise covers various aspects of the Stone Age, including tool usage by apes and early humans, evolution of tool-making techniques, classifications of the Stone Age, key hominid species, and cultural developments like social festivals and animal domestication. It highlights the progression of human capabilities and societal structures during this period.

🎯 Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks, focus on understanding the key terminology and facts related to the Stone Age. Regular revision of definitions, species names, and advancements will help secure full marks.

 

Match The Columns:

Question 1.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Fossil of a human skull	a. Along the Ganga river in South India
2. Fossil of a child's skull	b. Afghanistan and Sri Lanka
3. New Stone Age site in India	c. Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh
4. Remains of Old Stone Age	d. Patane in Jalgaon district in Maharashtra
5. Site of Middle Stone Age	e. A village near Puducherry
6. Knife and sickle	f. Homo erectus
7. Antlers used as hammer	g. Homo sapiens
8. Choppers and scrappers	h. Mesolithic Age
9. Domesticated animals	i. Old Stone Age man

Answer:

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Fossil of a human skull	c. Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh
2. Fossil of a child's skull	e. A village near Puducherry
3. New Stone Age site in India	a. Along the Ganga river in South India
4. Remains of Old Stone Age	b. Afghanistan and Sri Lanka
5. Site of Middle Stone Age	d. Patane in Jalgaon district in Maharashtra
6. Knife and sickle	g. Homo sapiens
7. Antlers used as hammer	f. Homo erectus
8. Choppers and scrappers	i. Old Stone Age man
9. Domesticated animals	h. Mesolithic Age

In simple words: This matching exercise connects significant archaeological discoveries, Stone Age sites, and types of tools with their respective locations or human species. It helps in reinforcing knowledge about key findings and the technological advancements across different periods of the Stone Age.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific associations between fossils, sites, tools, and the period or species. Creating a mental map or a quick reference sheet can be very helpful for these types of questions.

 

Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence Each:

Question 1.What did apes like the chimpanzees use to break seeds and nuts?
Answer:Apes like the chimpanzees used stone to break seeds and nuts.
In simple words: Chimpanzees use stones as simple tools to crack open seeds and nuts, demonstrating a basic form of tool use in the animal kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question highlights early examples of tool use. Remember that basic tool use predates human evolution, as seen in other primates.

 

Question 2.For what purpose did the apes like the chimpanzees use sticks?
Answer:Apes like the chimpanzees used sticks to stir ants out from ant-hills to catch them.
In simple words: Chimpanzees use sticks to extract ants from their nests, showing an early, adaptive use of tools for food procurement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that tool use in animals, like using sticks for foraging, indicates problem-solving abilities and a precursor to more complex human tool development.

 

Question 3.What were the tools of the early man made of?
Answer:The tools of the early man were made of bones, stones, dried twigs and sticks.
In simple words: Early humans crafted their initial tools from readily available natural materials such as bones, stones, and various plant parts like dried twigs and sticks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowledge of the raw materials used for early tools is fundamental to understanding prehistoric technology. Focus on natural, unprocessed items.

 

Question 4.Why is the period of time called the 'Stone Age'? 'or' What is meant by 'Stone Age'?
Answer:The period of time mainly stone tools found is called the Stone Age.
In simple words: The Stone Age refers to the prehistoric period characterized by the widespread use of stone for making tools, which are the most common archaeological finds from that era.

🎯 Exam Tip: The definition of the Stone Age is crucial. Link the name directly to the predominant material used for tools.

 

Question 5.On what basis is the Stone Age divided?
Answer:The Stone Age is divided on the basis of the shape and types of tools found.
In simple words: The Stone Age is categorized into different periods based on the evolving shapes, types, and sophistication of the stone tools discovered from each era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the evolution of tool technology-specifically their shape and type-is the key criterion for dividing the Stone Age into sub-periods.

 

Question 6.Into how many periods is the Stone Age divided?
Answer:The Stone Age is divided into three periods - Old Stone Age, Middle Stone Age and New Stone Age
In simple words: The Stone Age is primarily divided into three distinct periods: the Old Stone Age (Palaeolithic), the Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic), and the New Stone Age (Neolithic).

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the three main divisions of the Stone Age, as they are fundamental categories in prehistory.

 

Question 7.What is the Old Stone Age also called?
Answer:The Old Stone Age is also called the Palaeolithic Age.
In simple words: The Old Stone Age is also known as the Palaeolithic Age, derived from Greek words meaning "old" and "stone."

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the alternative names for the Stone Age periods, as they are often used interchangeably in historical texts.

 

Question 8.What does Palaeolithic Age mean?
Answer:Palaeo means 'old' and lithos means 'stone'. Hence, Palaeolithic Age means the Old Stone Age'.
In simple words: The term 'Palaeolithic Age' combines the Greek words 'palaeo' (old) and 'lithos' (stone), directly translating to 'Old Stone Age'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the etymology of historical terms like "Palaeolithic" helps in remembering their meaning and context.

 

Question 9.What is the Middle Stone Age called?
Answer:The Middle Stone Age is called the Mesolithic Age.
In simple words: The Middle Stone Age is scientifically referred to as the Mesolithic Age, with 'meso' meaning 'middle' and 'lithos' meaning 'stone'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Similar to the Palaeolithic, learn the academic term "Mesolithic" for the Middle Stone Age.

 

Question 10.What does Mesolithic mean?
Answer:Mesolithic means 'middle'. Hence, the Middle Stone Age.
In simple words: 'Mesolithic' signifies the 'Middle Stone Age', combining the Greek 'meso' (middle) and 'lithos' (stone) to describe this transitional period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the Greek roots of these terms (Palaeo-, Meso-, Neo- and -lithic) makes their meanings easy to recall.

 

Question 11.What is the New Stone Age called?
Answer:The New Stone Age is called the Neolithic Age.
In simple words: The New Stone Age is also known as the Neolithic Age, stemming from the Greek words 'neo' for 'new' and 'lithos' for 'stone'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you remember the term "Neolithic" as the academic designation for the New Stone Age.

 

Question 12.What does Neolithic mean?
Answer:Neo means 'New'. Hence, Neolithic means the "New Stone Age
In simple words: The term 'Neolithic' means 'New Stone Age', directly indicating a period of significant advancements and changes, including polished tools and agriculture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the "new" aspect of Neolithic is vital, as it reflects the major innovations and lifestyle changes of that era.

 

Question 13.Which species of human evolution belong to Old Stone Age?
Answer:The species Homo habilis and Homo erectus belong to Old Stone Age.
In simple words: Homo habilis and Homo erectus are the human species primarily associated with the Old Stone Age, known for their early tool-making abilities and adaptive strategies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate specific human species with the different Stone Age periods. Homo habilis and Homo erectus are crucial for the Old Stone Age.

 

Question 14.Who used the percussion technique of making tools?
Answer:Homo habilis and Homo erectus used the percussion technique of making tools.
In simple words: Both Homo habilis and Homo erectus utilized the percussion technique, striking stones together to create flakes and rudimentary tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the percussion technique with Homo habilis and Homo erectus, as it was their primary method for tool creation.

 

Question 15.How were the frist tools of the Old Stone Age?
Answer:The tools of the Old Stone Age were very crude
In simple words: The earliest tools from the Old Stone Age were very basic and rough, characterized by simple stone flakes and choppers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe Old Stone Age tools as "crude" or "primitive" to reflect their basic design and manufacturing methods.

 

Question 16.What were choppers?
Answer:Choppers were crude tools, where only one side of which had a sharp edge.
In simple words: Choppers were simple, crude stone tools from the Old Stone Age, characterized by having a sharp edge on only one side, used for basic tasks like cutting and smashing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define choppers by their key characteristic: a sharp edge on one side, signifying their elementary design.

 

Question 17.For what purpose were the choppers used?
Answer:Choppers were used to break nuts or bones.
In simple words: Choppers were primarily used for breaking hard items like nuts and bones, demonstrating their utility in early human diets and resource extraction.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the practical application of early tools. Choppers were essential for processing food and other materials.

 

Question 18.Which tools made by Homo erectus were more proportionate and symmetrical than the tools made by Homo habilis?
Answer:The hand-axe and cleaver were more proportionate and symmetrical" than the tools made by Homo habilis.
In simple words: Homo erectus created more refined tools like hand-axes and cleavers, which were noticeably more symmetrical and proportionate compared to the simpler tools of Homo habilis.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the advancement in tool design between Homo habilis and Homo erectus, particularly the emergence of more balanced and symmetrical hand-axes and cleavers.

 

Question 19.What could Homo erectus do before he actually shaped the tools?
Answer:Homo erectus could mentally visualize his tools before he actually shaped them.
In simple words: Homo erectus possessed the cognitive ability to mentally plan and visualize the final shape of their tools before physically manufacturing them. This indicates a more advanced level of thinking and foresight in tool production.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question highlights the cognitive leap made by Homo erectus. The ability to visualize tool shapes before making them signifies complex planning and abstract thought.

 

Question 20.How did Homo erectus use antlers?
Answer:He used things like antlers as hammers to obtain stone flakes.
In simple words: Homo erectus utilized antlers, which are shed horns, as soft hammers to strike stones and detach flakes, improving the control and precision of their tool-making process.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the innovative use of materials by Homo erectus, such as antlers, which provided a more effective method for stone flaking than direct stone-on-stone percussion.

 

Question 21.How did Homo erectus make scrapers?
Answer:He sharpened the edges of the flakes by scraping off smaller pieces to make scrapers with very sharp edges.
In simple words: Homo erectus made scrapers by carefully refining the edges of stone flakes, removing tiny pieces to create very sharp and effective scraping surfaces for various tasks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the technique of "scraping off smaller pieces" as the method for creating sharp-edged scrapers, indicating a finer degree of control in tool shaping.

 

Question 22.What benefits did Homo erectus acquire with his improved tools?
Answer:With his improved tools, Homo erectus could have a greater variety of food as he could hunt a variety of big and small animals.
In simple words: Improved tools allowed Homo erectus to diversify their diet by successfully hunting a wider range of animals, from small game to larger prey. This enhanced their food security and adaptability.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect technological advancements (improved tools) directly to practical benefits like dietary diversification and enhanced hunting capabilities for early humans.

 

Question 23.Who brought about a revolution in the technique of making tools?
Answer:Homo sapiens brought about a revolution a in the technique of making tools.
In simple words: Homo sapiens initiated a significant transformation in tool-making techniques, moving towards more advanced and specialized tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Homo sapiens are credited with revolutionizing tool-making, leading to more refined and diverse implements.

 

Question 24.What did the Homo sapiens build to live in?
Answer:Homo sapiens built huts to live in.
In simple words: Homo sapiens began constructing huts, marking a shift towards more settled and deliberate shelter building.

🎯 Exam Tip: The construction of huts by Homo sapiens is an indicator of more permanent settlements and a departure from purely nomadic lifestyles.

 

Question 25.What did the Homo sapiens start celebrating?
Answer:Homo sapiens started celebrating social festivals.
In simple words: Homo sapiens developed complex social structures and began to celebrate collective social festivals, indicating cultural development.

🎯 Exam Tip: The emergence of social festivals among Homo sapiens highlights their advanced social organization and cultural practices.

 

Question 26.What did the Homo sapiens create to enhance their festivals?
Answer:The Homo sapiens created artistic objects and cave paintings to enhance their festivals.
In simple words: Homo sapiens enriched their festivals and cultural life by producing artistic objects and intricate cave paintings, demonstrating their creative and symbolic capabilities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect artistic creations like cave paintings and objects to the cultural and ceremonial life of Homo sapiens, showcasing their aesthetic development.

 

Question 27.How did they adorn themselves?
Answer:They adorned themselves with ornaments and beads made from shells, bones and teeth of animals.
In simple words: Homo sapiens decorated themselves using ornaments and beads crafted from natural materials such as shells, bones, and animal teeth, indicating a sense of personal aesthetics and symbolic expression.

🎯 Exam Tip: The use of ornaments made from natural materials by Homo sapiens reflects a development in self-expression and cultural identity.

 

Question 28.What fossils were found in Madhya Pradesh?
Answer:Fossils of a human skull and the collar bone of an Old Stone Age woman was found on the bank of Narmada in Madhya Pradesh.
In simple words: In Madhya Pradesh, an important discovery was made on the Narmada river bank: fossils comprising a human skull and a collar bone belonging to an Old Stone Age woman. This finding provides critical insights into early human presence in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific fossil discoveries and their locations are important historical facts. Remember the Narmada Valley findings in Madhya Pradesh for early human remains.

 

Question 29.Which fossil was found at a village in Puducherry?
Answer:A fossilized skull of a child from the Stone Age was found at a village in Puducherry.
In simple words: A significant fossilized skull of a Stone Age child was unearthed in a village near Puducherry, contributing to the understanding of prehistoric human life in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep track of unique fossil finds, such as the child's skull near Puducherry, as they offer specific evidence of prehistoric populations.

 

Question 30.Which are the well-known Old Stone Age sites in Maharashtra?
Answer:Gangapur near Nasik and Chirki-Nevasa near Nevasa are among the few well-known Old Stone Age sites in Maharashtra.
In simple words: In Maharashtra, prominent Old Stone Age sites include Gangapur near Nashik and Chirki-Nevasa near Nevasa, which are vital for studying early human activity in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the specific names of important archaeological sites within Maharashtra, like Gangapur and Chirki-Nevasa, as examples of Old Stone Age habitation.

 

Question 31.Which animal did man of the Middle Stone Age domesticate?
Answer:Man of the Middle Stone Age domesticated the dog.
In simple words: During the Middle Stone Age, humans began the process of domesticating animals, with the dog being the first species brought into human control.

🎯 Exam Tip: The domestication of the dog marks a significant milestone in the Middle Stone Age, representing the earliest known animal companion and helper for humans.

 

Question 32.Why did the life of humans begin to change?
Answer:The life of humans began to change due to changes in the climate and environment.
In simple words: Human lifestyles started to evolve significantly primarily because of shifts in global climate and environmental conditions, forcing adaptations in their survival strategies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that environmental factors, particularly climate change, were major drivers for human adaptation and the evolution of their way of life.

 

Question 33.What did the Homo sapiens begin to harvest?
Answer:The Homo sapiens began to harvest food grains that grew in the wild.
In simple words: Homo sapiens started gathering and collecting wild food grains, a crucial step towards organized agriculture and a more settled lifestyle.

🎯 Exam Tip: The harvesting of wild grains by Homo sapiens is a key precursor to agricultural practices and signals a shift in subsistence strategies.

 

Question 34.How did the humans in the Middle Stone Age make their tools?
Answer:He used to make implements like the knife and sickle by firmly fixing a row of blades as small as fingernails into a groove in a bone or a piece of wood.
In simple words: Middle Stone Age humans crafted composite tools like knives and sickles by embedding tiny, sharp blades (microliths) into grooves carved in bone or wood, creating more efficient and specialized implements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the advanced technique of creating composite tools (microliths inserted into handles) as a characteristic of Middle Stone Age tool-making, enabling greater functionality.

 

Question 35.What quality of tools were found in the Neolithic Age?
Answer:In the Neolithic Age, the stone tools were polished to give a smooth, shiny finish.
In simple words: Tools from the Neolithic Age are distinguished by their polished surfaces, which provided a smooth and shiny finish, indicating improved craftsmanship and effectiveness.

🎯 Exam Tip: The "polished" and "smooth, shiny finish" are defining characteristics of Neolithic tools, representing a significant technological and aesthetic advancement.

 

Question 36.What became the routine way of life for the humans in the New Stone Age?
Answer:In the New Stone Age, agriculture and domestication of animals or animal husbandry had become a routine way of life.
In simple words: The New Stone Age saw a fundamental shift where agriculture and animal husbandry became the established and routine modes of human sustenance, leading to settled communities.

🎯 Exam Tip: The advent of agriculture and animal husbandry as a "routine way of life" is the hallmark of the New Stone Age, marking the Neolithic Revolution.

 

Question 37.Where are the sites of the New Stone Age culture in India?
Answer:The sites of the New Stone Age culture in India are along the Ganga river and in South India.
In simple words: New Stone Age cultural sites in India are primarily found along the fertile plains of the Ganga river and extending into various regions of South India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the geographical distribution of Neolithic sites in India, particularly the Ganga river basin and South India, due to favorable conditions for agriculture.

 

Question 38.What did Homo habilis use the flakes of stone for?
Answer:Homo habilis used the flakes of stone for scraping meat from hide, for chopping meat and other foodstuffs, for sharpening wooden sticks, etc.
In simple words: Homo habilis utilized stone flakes for a variety of basic tasks such as scraping meat from animal hides, chopping food, and sharpening wooden tools, demonstrating their early versatile use of simple implements.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the multiple practical uses of stone flakes by Homo habilis to show their resourcefulness in processing food and raw materials.

 

Give Reasons For The Following:

Question 1.Only stone tools can be found today among those made by humans thousands of years ago.
Answer:
(i) Rarely do we find tools made from bones.
(ii) Since twigs and sticks decompose easily, we find only stone tools made by humans thousands of years ago.
In simple words: Stone tools are the most commonly found ancient artifacts because materials like wood and twigs decompose rapidly over thousands of years, and bone tools are also less likely to survive intact. Stone, being durable, resists decay, preserving evidence of early human craftsmanship.

🎯 Exam Tip: The durability of stone is the primary reason for its archaeological prevalence. Emphasize the decomposition factor for organic materials.

 

Question 2.The beginning of human culture goes back to the Old Stone Age.
Answer:

Answer The Following Questions In Brief :

 

Question 1. List out the factors that determine the choice of tools.
Answer: The four factors that determine the choice of tools is as follows:
1. Availability of resources
2. Minimal use of time and energy
3. Maximum efficiency
4. Skill of handling tools which is acquired through practice.
In simple words: The selection of tools depends on what materials are available, how much time and effort is needed to use them, how effective they are for the task at hand, and the skill of the user.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember these factors as they highlight the practical considerations for early humans in tool-making and usage.

 

Question 2. How did man learn to modify his tools?
Answer: 1. Man began to observe the environment & nature around him, continuously and minutely
2. With his inborn creativity, he learnt that he could sharpen rods, bones, sticks and stones into tools to carry out their task more efficiently.
3. He also learnt that he could shape these objects and use it to his advantage.
In simple words: Humans learned to improve tools by carefully observing nature, using their creativity to sharpen materials, and understanding how to shape objects for better efficiency and purpose.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the observational and creative aspects of human development in tool modification.

 

Question 3. How can we conclude that the early man used tools made of twigs, bones and stones?
Answer: 1. The early man made tools using twigs, bones sticks and other materials available in nature.
2. Since twigs and sticks decompose easily, we do not find any tools made from them.
3. Only stone tools can be found today. Hence, we can conclude that the early man made tools not only out of stone but other materials also.
In simple words: While early humans used twigs, bones, and stones for tools, only stone tools typically survive to modern times because organic materials decompose, allowing us to infer the use of other materials from their practices.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the concept of material decomposition and its impact on archaeological evidence when studying ancient tools.

 

Question 4. How is the Stone Age divided?
Answer: The Stone Age is divided into 3 periods on the basis of the shape and the types of tools found.
1. Old Stone Age or Palaeolithic Age.
2. Middle Stone Age or Mesolithic Age
3. New Stone Age or Neolithic Age.
In simple words: The Stone Age is categorized into three periods-Old, Middle, and New-based on the distinct shapes and types of stone tools discovered from each era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the three main periods of the Stone Age and the basis for their classification, which is the type and shape of tools.

 

Question 5. What lead the Homo sapiens to lead a more stable life?
Answer: 1. Homo sapiens made significant" progress in gaining knowledge of his environment and in the techniques of making tools and obtaining food.
2. This enabled him to stay in one place so he build huts to live in
3. They celebrated social festivals, made artistic objects and cave paintings.
4. They started using ornaments to adorn themselves. All this meant that Homo sapiens lead a very stable life.
In simple words: Homo sapiens achieved a stable life through advanced environmental knowledge, improved tool-making, settlement in huts, cultural practices like festivals and art, and self-adornment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the key factors that contributed to the stability and cultural development of Homo sapiens' lifestyle, beyond just survival.

 

Question 6. How did the life of humans change during the Mesolithic Age?
Answer: 1. Due to the changes in the climate and the environment, the way of life in the Mesolithic Age began to change.
2. Besides hunting, man started to harvest food grains that grew in the wild and also domesticated animals.
3. Their diet also included various plant foods.
4. They settled in one place, made different types of tools that were light in weight and durable, for hunting, fishing, harvesting and cutting of trees.
In simple words: During the Mesolithic Age, human life changed significantly due to environmental shifts, leading to practices like harvesting wild grains, domesticating animals, diversifying their diet, and settling in one place using advanced, lightweight tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific adaptations and advancements made by humans during the Mesolithic Age, such as domestication and diversified tools.

 

Question 7. Compare the tools of all the three periods of the Stone Age.
Answer: A comparative study of tools of all three periods of Stone Age is as follows:
Old Stone Age
1. The tools made during the Palaeolithic Age were very crude.
2. Tools were made from any material that was commonly available from nature eg. bones, sticks, twigs and stones.
3. They used the percussion technique to make tools like choppers, hand-axe, cleavers and scrapers.
Middle Stone Age :
1. The tool making devise had been revolutionized during this period.
2. Man devised a technique of obtaining long and narrow blades of stone.
3. He made various implements which were sharper, symmetrical and light-weighted than the earlier age.
4. He made tools like knife, scraper, borer, chisel etc.
5. He also recognized the quality of stones and began to use ivory and rare stones of quartz for making tools.
6. He used 'microliths' to make arrows. He also made implements like knife and sickle.
New Stone Age :
1. The tools made during this age were sharper and more polished.
2. Man now made use of a tool-making technique where stone tools were polished to give a smooth and shiny finished look.
3. Since hunting became a secondary occupation, man in this age concentrated on making implements for agricultural use.
In simple words: Old Stone Age tools were crude and made from available materials using percussion; Middle Stone Age tools were revolutionary, featuring sharper, lighter blades and specialized implements; New Stone Age tools were highly polished and primarily designed for agricultural use, reflecting a shift from hunting.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question requires a comparative analysis; ensure you highlight the distinguishing features of tools from each period in terms of their crudeness, sharpness, material, and primary use.

 

Question 8. Homo erectus could have a greater variety of food.
Answer: 1. Homo erectus had improved tools.
2. He could now hunt a variety of big and small animals.
3. He could thus have a greater variety of food.
In simple words: With better tools, Homo erectus could hunt a wider range of animals, both large and small, thereby diversifying their food sources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the improvement in tools directly to the expansion of diet and hunting capabilities for Homo erectus.

 

Question 9. Middle Stone Age man began to settle in one place for a part of the year.
Answer: 1. Due to changes in the climate and the environment in the Middle Stone Age, the way of life of humans had begun to change.
2. The Middle Stone Age man had started to harvest food grains and domesticate animals.
3. Thus, he began to settle in one place for a part of the year.
In simple words: Middle Stone Age humans started settling seasonally in one place because environmental changes led them to begin harvesting wild grains and domesticating animals, reducing their nomadic lifestyle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how environmental shifts and new food acquisition methods (harvesting, domestication) led to early forms of settlement.

 

Question 10. What is meant by a 'Chopper'?
Answer: 1. The first tools in the Old Stone Age were made with the percussion technique and were crude.
2. Only one side of these tools had a sharp edge.
3. These tools were called 'Choppers' and were used to break nuts or bones.
In simple words: Choppers were basic, crude Old Stone Age tools, made using a percussion technique, with a sharp edge on only one side, primarily used for breaking nuts and bones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the simplicity, method of creation, and primary function of choppers in the Old Stone Age.

 

Question 10. Where were the remains of Old Stone Age found in India?
Answer: 1. Remains of the Old Stone Age were found in India at various places from Kashmir to Tamil Nadu.
2. Fossils of a human skull and the collar bone of an Old Stone Age woman were found near Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh.
3. The fossilized skull of a child was found at a village near Puducherry.
In simple words: Old Stone Age remains, including human and child skulls, were discovered across India, from Kashmir to Tamil Nadu, with notable finds near Hoshangabad (Madhya Pradesh) and Puducherry.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the geographical spread and key fossil discoveries associated with the Old Stone Age in India.

Glossary:
1. domesticated : tame and keep as pet
2. durable : not perishable
3. Implements : piece le of equipments
4. Antlers: branched horns on the head of an adult dear
5. crude: in a natural or raw
6. proportionate : corresponding in size or amount to something else
7. symmetrical : exactly similar parts
8. harvesting: gather crops
9. acquired: buy or obtain
10. minutely : with great attention to detail
11. ivory: hard, creamy white elephant tusks
12. quartz: a hard mineral, crystal
13. significant : sufficiently great or important
14. microliths: a small shaped flint
15. grinder: machine used for grinding o something
16. revolution: a forcible overthrow of a government
17. enhance: intensify or o increase