Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part 1 Chapter 2 Motions of the Earth Solutions

5th Standard Evs 1 Lesson Number 2 Question Answer Motions Of The Earth System Maharashtra Board

Std 5 Evs 1 Chapter 2 Question Answer

1. What Is The Solution?

Question 1. What is the Solution? Amit wants to take his granny to Australia which is in the southern hemisphere. But she cannot bear very cold weather. When should they make this trip?
Answer: They should take their trip between March and September because the southern hemisphere has its summer season then, making it ideal for avoiding cold weather.
In simple words: Amit and his granny should visit Australia between March and September. This is because Australia, being in the southern hemisphere, experiences summer during these months, which will be warm and comfortable for his granny.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about seasons and hemispheres, remember that seasons are opposite in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Mentioning the specific months and the reason (summer season) will earn full marks.

Use Your Brainpower!

Question (a) How many rotations does the earth complete during one revolution around the sun?
Answer: Earth makes 365 complete rotations and one quarter rotation. This precise number accounts for the length of a year.
In simple words: The Earth spins around itself 365 and a quarter times while it travels once around the sun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a "rotation" is the Earth spinning on its axis (day/night), while a "revolution" is the Earth orbiting the sun (a year).

Question (b) It is sunrise at Itanagar in Arunachal Pradesh. Write the names of the following cities in the order in which the sun will rise there : Mumbai (Maharashtra), Kolkata (West Bengal), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), Nagpur (Maharashtra).
Answer: Kolkata (West Bengal), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), Nagpur (Maharashtra), Mumbai (Maharashtra).
In simple words: Since the sun rises in the east, cities further east will see the sunrise first, followed by cities to the west.

🎯 Exam Tip: To answer questions about sunrise order, always identify the easternmost city first, as the sun appears to rise from the east.

Fill In The Blanks:

Question 1. The motion of the earth around itself is called ........................ .
(a) revolution
(b) rotation
(c) dual motion
Answer: (b) rotation
In simple words: When the Earth spins on its own axis, like a top, that movement is called rotation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between rotation (spinning on axis) and revolution (orbiting another body) for full clarity.

Question 2. The motion of the earth around the sun is called ........................ .
(a) revolution
(b) rotation
(c) dual motion
Answer: (a) revolution
In simple words: The Earth's journey around the sun, completing an orbit, is known as revolution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that revolution is responsible for the change of seasons and the length of a year.

Question 3. The rotation of the earth gives rise to .......................... .
(a) seasons
(b) day and night
(c) year
Answer: (b) day and night
In simple words: The Earth spinning on its axis, which is called rotation, is what causes us to experience day and night.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that rotation causes day and night, while the Earth's revolution around the sun causes seasons.

What Is Meant By Each Of The Following Terms:

Question (a) Full moon
Answer: At night, when we are able to see the entire illuminated part of the moon, it is called full moon. The full moon occurs when the Earth is positioned between the Sun and the Moon.
In simple words: A full moon is when we see the whole bright circle of the moon in the sky.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the term and mention the key visual characteristic (entire illuminated part) to score full marks.

Question (b) New moon.
Answer: At night, when we are not able to see the entire moon as it does not receive the sun's light, it is called new moon. During a new moon, the moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, so its sunlit side faces away from us.
In simple words: A new moon is when we can't see the moon at all because its lit side is facing away from Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain why the moon is not visible during a new moon (no sunlight reflecting towards Earth) for a complete answer.

Question (c) Lunar month
Answer: The period from one new moon to the next which is of 28 – 30 days is called a lunar month. This cycle is also known as a synodic month.
In simple words: A lunar month is the time it takes for the moon to go from one new moon to the next, usually about 28 to 30 days.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the definition of a lunar month and its approximate duration (28-30 days).

Question (d) Tithi
Answer: Each day of the lunar month is called a tithi. There are usually 30 tithis in a lunar month, divided into two pakshas.
In simple words: A tithi is simply one day in the lunar calendar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide the direct definition of a tithi in relation to the lunar month.

Answer The Following Questions.

Question (a). What is an equator?
Answer: The imaginary circle exactly in between the north and south pole is called the equator. This vital line divides the Earth into two equal halves, the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
In simple words: The equator is an imaginary line that goes around the middle of the Earth, splitting it into two equal halves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the equator is an imaginary line, not a physical one, and its primary function is to divide the Earth into two hemispheres.

Question (b). What are the two parts of the earth made by the equator?
Answer: The two equal parts of the earth made by the equator are called northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere respectively. These two halves are distinct and experience different seasons throughout the year.
In simple words: The equator divides the Earth into two main parts: the Northern Hemisphere (above the equator) and the Southern Hemisphere (below the equator).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres when asked about the parts created by the equator.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 2 Motions Of The Earth Additional Important Questions And Answers

Fill In The Blanks With The Correct Answers From The Options Given Below:

Question 1. The imaginary line around which the earth rotates is called its ....................................
(a) axis of rotation
(b) sphere of rotation
(c) line of rotation
Answer: (a) axis of rotation
In simple words: The Earth spins around an invisible line called its axis, just like a top spins around its central point.

🎯 Exam Tip: The "axis of rotation" is a key term for understanding how planets spin; ensure you use this precise terminology.

Question 2. The earth rotates from ....................................
(a) east to north
(b) west to east
(c) west to south
Answer: (b) west to east
In simple words: The Earth spins from the west side towards the east side, which is why the sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the direction of Earth's rotation (west to east) as it explains the apparent movement of the sun and stars across the sky.

Question 3. We divide the whole day into ........................ parts.
(a) 365
(b) 7
(c) 24
Answer: (c) 24
In simple words: A day is divided into 24 hours, which helps us measure time and organize our activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember basic units of time like hours in a day (24) and days in a week (7) or year (365) for such fill-in-the-blank questions.

Question 4. The earth's ........................ is inclined.
(a) equator
(b) axis
(c) north pole
Answer: (b) axis
In simple words: The Earth spins around an imaginary line called its axis, and this axis is tilted, which causes seasons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the Earth's axis is an imaginary line through its center, and its tilt is crucial for understanding seasons.

Question 5. The imaginary line that divides the earth into two equal parts is called the ........................
(a) axis
(b) rotation
(c) equator
Answer: (c) equator
In simple words: The equator is an imaginary line that circles the Earth exactly halfway between the North and South Poles, dividing it into two halves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the 'axis' (the line it spins on) and the 'equator' (the line that divides it horizontally) for clarity.

Question 6. The earth completes one ........................, it makes one complete turn around itself.
(a) rotation
(b) revolution
(c) season
Answer: (a) rotation
In simple words: When the Earth spins once on its own axis, it's called a rotation, and this movement causes day and night.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'rotation' is the Earth spinning on its axis (causing day/night), while 'revolution' is the Earth orbiting the sun (causing years and seasons).

Question 7. The period of time that the earth takes to complete one rotation is called a
(a) day
(b) night
(c) fortnight
Answer: (a) day
In simple words: One full spin of the Earth on its axis, which brings day and night, is what we call a day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a 'day' refers to the Earth's rotation, while a 'year' refers to its revolution around the sun.

Question 8. A day has two parts, day and ...............
(a) day
(b) night
(c) fortnight
Answer: (b) night
In simple words: A complete day-night cycle is made up of two main parts: the daytime when it's light, and the nighttime when it's dark.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a basic concept of time; ensure you clearly distinguish between 'day' as a 24-hour period and 'day' as the light part of that period.

Question 9. We divide the whole day into 24 parts, each of which is called an ...............
(a) day
(b) second
(c) hour
Answer: (c) hour
In simple words: To measure time, we split a full day into 24 equal sections, and each of these sections is known as an hour.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the basic units of time (seconds, minutes, hours, days) and their relationships is fundamental for understanding time measurement.

Question 10. There are about ............... days and 6 hours in a year.
(a) 365
(b) 563
(c) 356
Answer: (a) 365
In simple words: A standard year on Earth consists of approximately 365 days and an additional 6 hours, which accumulate to form a leap year every four years.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's important to remember the exact number of days in a year (365 and a quarter) and how it leads to a leap year every four years.

Question 11. A leap year has ............ days.
(a) 365
(b) 366
(c) 367
Answer: (b) 366
In simple words: A leap year happens every four years and has an extra day, making it 366 days long instead of the usual 365.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a leap year occurs every four years to keep our calendar aligned with the Earth's orbit around the sun.

Question 12. Many of our festivals are connected with the
(a) songs
(b) games
(c) seasons
Answer: (c) seasons
In simple words: Many festivals are celebrated at specific times of the year, like harvest festivals or festivals marking the change of seasons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about festivals like Diwali, Holi, or harvest festivals; they often align with seasonal changes or agricultural cycles.

Question 13. The ............ revolves around the earth and the earth revolves around the sun.
(a) earth
(b) moon
(c) sun
Answer: (b) moon
In simple words: The moon orbits our Earth, and together, the Earth and moon orbit the sun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between rotation (spinning on an axis) and revolution (orbiting another body) for celestial objects.

Question 14. From the earth we see only ............ side of the moon.
(a) three
(b) two
(c) one
Answer: (c) one
In simple words: Because the moon rotates at the same speed it orbits the Earth, we always see the same face of it.

🎯 Exam Tip: This phenomenon is called 'tidal locking' and is a common concept in astronomy; understanding it helps explain why we only see one side of the moon.

Question 15. The moon has no ............ of its own.
(a) light
(b) moonlight
Answer: (a) light
In simple words: The moon doesn't produce its own light; it shines because it reflects light from the sun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that celestial bodies like planets and moons are visible because they reflect light from stars, not because they generate their own light.

Question 16. We can see the moon because of the ........................ light which falls on it.
(a) space
(b) earth's
(c) sun's
Answer: (c) sun's
In simple words: The moon doesn't produce its own light; instead, it reflects the light from the sun, making it visible to us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the moon is a natural satellite that reflects light, not a source of light itself. This is a common misconception.

Question 17. On a full moon night, we see the entire ........................ of the moon that faces the earth.
(a) light
(b) side
(c) night
Answer: (b) side
In simple words: During a full moon, the entire surface of the moon that is illuminated by the sun is visible from Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phases of the moon depend on how much of the sunlit portion of the moon is visible from Earth. A full moon means we see the entire sunlit side.

Question 18. It takes ........................ days from the new moon to the full moon.
(a) 10 or 12
(b) 14 or 15
(c) 8 or 9
Answer: (b) 14 or 15
In simple words: The moon takes about two weeks to complete half of its cycle, moving from a completely dark new moon to a fully illuminated full moon.

🎯 Exam Tip: The entire lunar cycle (from new moon to new moon) is approximately 29.5 days, so half of that period is roughly 14 to 15 days.

Question 19. The fortnight from new moon to full moon is called ........................ of the moon.
(a) waning
(b) waxing
(c) lunar
Answer: (b) waxing
In simple words: When the moon appears to grow larger and brighter in the sky each night, it is said to be waxing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between "waxing" (increasing illumination) and "waning" (decreasing illumination) when describing moon phases. A fortnight is a period of two weeks.

Question 20. The fortnight from the full moon to the new moon is called the ............ of the moon.
(a) waning
(b) waxing
(c) lunar
Answer: (a) waning
In simple words: Waning refers to the period when the illuminated part of the moon appears to shrink, moving from a full moon towards a new moon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'waning' means decreasing in size or illumination, while 'waxing' means increasing. This helps distinguish between the moon's phases.

Question 21. The period from one new moon to the next is called the ............ month.
(a) waning
(b) waxing
(c) lunar
Answer: (c) lunar
In simple words: A lunar month is the time it takes for the moon to complete one full cycle of its phases, from one new moon to the next.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that a 'lunar month' describes the entire cycle of the moon's phases, which is approximately 29.5 days.

Question 22. Every day of the lunar month is called a ....................
(a) cycle
(b) tithi
(c) season
Answer: (b) tithi
In simple words: In the traditional Indian calendar, each day of the lunar month is known as a tithi, which is based on the moon's position relative to the sun.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Tithi' is a specific term used in lunar calendars to denote a lunar day, which is slightly shorter than a solar day.

Question 23. The revolution of the earth and the inclination of its axis give rise to the cycle of ....................
(a) seasons
(b) festivals
(c) songs
Answer: (a) seasons
In simple words: The Earth's orbit around the sun combined with its tilted axis causes different parts of the planet to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year, leading to the change of seasons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always link the Earth's revolution (orbit) and the tilt of its axis as the primary reasons for the occurrence of seasons.

Name The Following:

Question 1. The period of time that the earth takes to complete one rotation.
Answer: A day. This rotation is what causes day and night.
In simple words: The Earth spinning once on its axis is called a rotation, and it takes one day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that rotation causes day and night, while revolution causes seasons.

Question 2. The period of time the earth takes to complete one revolution.
Answer: One year. This journey around the sun defines our calendar year.
In simple words: The Earth traveling all the way around the sun is called a revolution, and it takes one year.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between 'rotation' (spinning on its axis) and 'revolution' (orbiting the sun) to avoid confusion.

Question 3. Number of days in a leap year.
Answer: 366. This extra day, February 29th, helps keep our calendar aligned with the Earth's orbit.
In simple words: A leap year has an extra day, making it 366 days long, to account for the Earth's slightly longer orbit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know that a normal year has 365 days, and a leap year adds one extra day to February.

Question 4. Three main seasons in India.
Answer: Summer, rainy and winter. These distinct seasons bring varied weather patterns across the country.
In simple words: India experiences three main weather periods: hot summer, wet rainy season, and cold winter.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for main seasons, list the most prominent ones that affect daily life and agriculture.

Question 5. The cycle of six seasons.
Answer: Rituchakra. This traditional Indian concept divides the year into six distinct periods, each with its unique characteristics.
In simple words: Rituchakra is the traditional Indian name for the cycle of six different seasons throughout the year.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that 'Rituchakra' is a specific term for the six-season cycle in Indian tradition.

Question 6. Every day of the lunar month.
Answer: A tithi. Tithis are important in the Hindu calendar for determining festivals and auspicious times.
In simple words: In the lunar calendar, each day is called a tithi, which is based on the moon's position.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember 'tithi' as the specific term for a lunar day, often used in traditional calendars.

Question 7. Two parts of a day.
Answer: Day time and night time. These two parts are a direct result of the Earth's rotation.
In simple words: A day is naturally divided into daytime when it's light, and nighttime when it's dark.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both 'day time' and 'night time' as the two fundamental divisions of a day.

Question 3. Match the following:

Answer: The correct matches are shown in the table above. These pairings correctly link lunar phases with their traditional names and seasons with their corresponding dates.
In simple words: Waxing moon means the moon is growing (Shukla Paksha), Waning moon means it's shrinking (Krishna Paksha), and the seasons in the northern hemisphere are linked to specific date ranges.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, draw lines or clearly write out the correct pairs. Double-check each match to ensure accuracy, especially for scientific terms and date ranges.

Answer The Following In One Sentence:

Question 1. What is the name given to the changing shapes of the moon that we see?
Answer: The different shapes of the moon that we see are called the phases of the moon. These phases are a result of the changing angles at which we view the sunlit part of the moon as it orbits Earth.
In simple words: The changing shapes of the moon we see are called phases, like new moon, crescent, and full moon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use the term "phases of the moon" when describing its changing appearance, as this is the key scientific term. Make sure to mention that these changes are due to the moon's orbit around Earth and the varying sunlight it reflects.

Question 2. What are the names of the days on which we see a round moon and on which day we see no moon at all?
Answer: We see a round moon on the Full Moon day, and we see no moon at all on the New Moon day. These two days mark the extremes of the lunar cycle.
In simple words: A round moon is seen on Full Moon day, and no moon is seen on New Moon day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the Full Moon (when the entire face is illuminated) and the New Moon (when the moon is not visible from Earth). These are fundamental concepts in understanding lunar phases.

The day we see a round moon is called Full Moon Day and the day we see no moon is called New Moon Day.

Question 3. What is a day?
Answer: The period of time that the earth takes to complete one rotation is called a day, that is 24 hours. This rotation is what gives us day and night.
In simple words: A day is the time it takes for the Earth to spin around once on its axis, which is 24 hours.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a 'day' specifically refers to the Earth's rotation period, not its orbit around the sun.

Question 4. What is the duration of a year?
Answer: There are about 365 days and 6 hours in a year. This extra time is why we have a leap year every four years.
In simple words: A year is roughly 365 days and 6 hours, which is the time it takes for Earth to go around the sun once.

🎯 Exam Tip: Don't forget the extra 6 hours when defining a year, as it's crucial for understanding leap years.

Question 5. What causes the cycle of seasons?
Answer: The revolution of the earth and the inclination of its axis give rise to the cycle of seasons. This tilt ensures different parts of the Earth receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year.
In simple words: Seasons happen because the Earth orbits the sun while its axis is tilted, causing different parts to get more direct sunlight at different times.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention both the Earth's revolution (orbit) and the tilt of its axis when explaining seasons for a complete answer.

Question 6. What is the rotation of the earth?
Answer: The movement of the earth around itself is called 'rotation of the earth'. This continuous spin creates the daily cycle of light and darkness.
In simple words: Earth's rotation is its spinning movement around its own center, like a top.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between 'rotation' (spinning on its axis) and 'revolution' (orbiting the sun).

Question 7. What is 'axis of rotation'?
Answer: The imaginary line around which the earth rotates is called its 'axis of rotation'. It is an imaginery line between the north pole and south pole. This axis is tilted relative to its orbit around the sun.
In simple words: The axis of rotation is an invisible line that goes through the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole, around which the Earth spins.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that the axis is an 'imaginary line' and connects the North and South Poles.

Question 8. What is the 'equator of the earth'?
Answer: The equator of the Earth is an imaginary line that circles the Earth exactly halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole. It divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
In simple words: The equator is an imaginary line that wraps around the middle of the Earth, splitting it into two halves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the equator as an 'imaginary line' and mention its key function of dividing the Earth into hemispheres.

Question 9. In which direction does the earth rotate?
Answer: The earth rotates from west to east. This rotation is what causes day and night.
In simple words: The Earth spins like a top, moving from the direction where the sun sets towards where it rises.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the Earth's rotation from west to east is fundamental to understanding daily cycles like sunrise and sunset.

Question 10. Into how many parts is the day divided?
Answer: The day is divided into two parts i.e. day and night. These two parts are a direct result of the Earth's rotation.
In simple words: A full day is split into two main parts: when it's light (day) and when it's dark (night).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both parts (day and night) when asked about the division of a day.

Question 11. Into how many hours is the 'day' divided?
Answer: The day is divided into 24 hours. This standard measurement helps us organize our daily activities.
In simple words: A complete day, from one midnight to the next, is made up of 24 equal hours.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a direct factual question; ensure you state the exact number of hours.

Question 12. What is the revolution of the earth?
Answer: The movement of the earth around the sun in one year is called the revolution of the earth. This journey creates the different seasons we experience.
In simple words: The Earth travels in a big circle around the Sun, and one full trip takes about a year. This journey is called revolution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between 'rotation' (spinning on its axis) and 'revolution' (orbiting the sun) to avoid confusion.

Question 13. Around whom does the moon revolve?
Answer: The moon revolves around the earth. Its orbit around our planet is what causes the different phases of the moon we see.
In simple words: Just like the Earth goes around the Sun, the Moon goes around the Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the Moon is Earth's natural satellite, so it orbits Earth.

Question 14. What is waxing of the moon?
Answer: The moon takes a fortnight to move from new moon to full moon. This period of time is known as waxing of the moon. During this phase, the illuminated part of the moon visible from Earth gradually increases.
In simple words: Waxing of the moon is when the moon appears to grow bigger and brighter in the sky, moving from a tiny sliver to a full circle over about two weeks.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing moon phases, clearly state the change in visibility (increasing or decreasing light) and the duration if known.

Question 15. What is 'waning of the moon'?
Answer: The moon takes a fortnight to move from a full moon to new moon. This period of time is known as waning of the moon. This phase is a natural part of the lunar cycle.
In simple words: Waning of the moon is the two-week period when the moon appears to shrink from a full moon to a new moon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "waning" means decreasing in visible size, while "waxing" means increasing. Clearly define the start and end points of the waning phase.

Question 16. What is a lunar month?
Answer: The period from one new moon to the next is of 28 to 30 days. It is called the lunar month. This cycle is fundamental to many traditional calendars.
In simple words: A lunar month is the time it takes for the moon to go from one new moon to the next, usually 28 to 30 days.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the duration of a lunar month precisely (28 to 30 days) and mention its definition from new moon to new moon.

Question 17. What is'tithi'?
Answer: Every day of the Lunar month is called a 'tithi'. Each tithi has its own specific astronomical and cultural significance.
In simple words: A 'tithi' is simply the name for each day within the lunar month.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a direct definition. Ensure you clearly state that 'tithi' refers to each day of the lunar month.

Give Geographical Reasons:

Question 1. The length of day and night is not always equal.
Answer: The length of day and night is not always equal because:
1. Of the earth's inclined axis.
2. Its revolution around the sun. These two factors combine to create the varying lengths of day and night throughout the year.
In simple words: Day and night lengths change because the Earth is tilted on its axis and it moves around the sun.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining variations in day and night length, always mention the Earth's axial tilt and its revolution around the sun as the primary reasons.

Question 2. From 22 March to 23 September, northern hemisphere, experiences summer and southern hemisphere experiences winter.
Answer:
1. From 22 March to 23 September the days are longer than the night in the northern hemisphere.
2. It is warmer here.
3. So, it is summer. During this period, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, receiving more direct sunlight.
In simple words: From March to September, the northern hemisphere has longer, warmer days because it's tilted towards the sun, causing summer, while the southern hemisphere experiences winter.

🎯 Exam Tip: To explain seasonal differences, link the hemisphere's tilt towards or away from the sun to the length of days and the intensity of sunlight received, leading to warmer or colder temperatures.

Question 3. The sun, the moon and the earth are not always along a straight line.
Answer:
1. The moon revolves around the earth.
2. The earth revolves around the sun.
3. These two orbits intersect.
4. Hence the sun, the moon and the earth are not always along a straight line. This constant movement and orbital intersection prevent a perfect alignment at all times.
In simple words: The moon goes around the Earth, and the Earth goes around the sun. Their paths cross, so they don't always line up perfectly straight.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score full marks, clearly state the orbital movements of the moon and Earth and how their intersecting paths prevent constant alignment.

Question 4. We see phases of the moon.
Answer:
1. From the full moon to the new moon the illuminated part of the moon seen from the earth becomes smaller and smaller.
2. From new moon to full moon it again grows bigger and bigger.
3. Therefore we see phases of the moon. These changes in the visible illuminated portion are what we observe as the moon's phases.
In simple words: We see different shapes of the moon because the part of the moon lit by the sun that we can see from Earth changes over time, getting smaller then bigger.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining moon phases, remember to describe the cycle from full to new moon (waning) and new to full moon (waxing) to show a complete understanding.

Question 5. Waxing moon
Answer: The fortnight from new moon to full moon which is 14 to 15 days is called waxing moon. Here the moon seems to become bigger and bigger, i.e. it waxes. During this period, more of the moon's surface becomes visible to us each night.
In simple words: The waxing moon is when the moon appears to grow bigger and brighter in the sky, from a new moon to a full moon, over about two weeks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define 'waxing moon' by mentioning the period (new to full moon), duration (14-15 days), and the visual effect (appears to grow bigger).

Question 6. Waning moon
Answer: The fortnight from full moon to new moon which takes 14 to 15 days is called the waning moon. Here the moon seems to become smaller and smaller, i.e. it wanes. This gradual decrease in illumination is a natural part of the lunar cycle.
In simple words: The waning moon is when the moon appears to shrink and get darker in the sky, from a full moon to a new moon, also over about two weeks.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'waning moon', specify the period (full to new moon), duration (14-15 days), and the visual effect (appears to become smaller).

Answer Briefly:

Question 1. Explain 'Phases of the moon'.
Answer:1. From the full moon to the new moon the illuminated part of the moon seen from the earth becomes smaller and smaller. 2. From new moon to full moon, the illuminated part of the moon grows bigger and bigger. 3. These different shapes of the moon that we see are called the 'phases of the moon'. These changes are a beautiful celestial dance visible from our planet.
In simple words: The phases of the moon describe how the moon's shape appears to change from Earth, getting smaller after a full moon and larger after a new moon.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining phases, remember to mention both the decreasing and increasing illuminated parts and that these visible shapes are what we call phases.

Question 2. What are the effects of the rotation and revolution of the earth?
Answer:1. The rotation of the earth gives rise to day and night. 2. The revolution of the earth and the inclination of its axis give rise to the cycle of seasons. These two fundamental movements are crucial for life on Earth as we know it.
In simple words: Earth's spinning (rotation) causes day and night, while its orbit around the sun combined with its tilted axis (revolution) creates the different seasons we experience.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between rotation (day/night) and revolution (seasons) in your answer, as this is a common point of confusion.

Write Short Notes On:

Question 1. Leap year.
Answer:1. In the Gregorian calendar, the year has 365 days. 2. It counts 6 hours less every year. 3. That makes 24 hours or one day in every four years. 4. This extra day is added in the fourth year in the month of February. 5. That year will have 366 days. 6. That year is called a leap year. This adjustment keeps our calendar aligned with the Earth's actual orbit around the sun.
In simple words: A leap year happens every four years, adding an extra day (February 29th) to make the year 366 days long. This corrects for the extra six hours our planet takes to orbit the sun each year.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key facts about a leap year: it occurs every four years, adds a day to February, and results in 366 days to keep the calendar accurate.

Question 2. Complete the following:
Answer: Careful attention to detail is key when completing such tasks.
In simple words: To complete this, you would fill in the missing information based on the context provided.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always read the instructions carefully and ensure all parts of the 'complete the following' question are addressed.

Question 1. The new moon 15 days, the full moon The waxing moon
Answer: The new moon 15 days, the full moon The waxing moon. This period marks the increasing illumination of the moon.
In simple words: The moon takes 15 days to go from new moon to full moon, during which it is called the waxing moon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the duration of the waxing moon phase and what it signifies in the lunar cycle.

Question 2. The full moon 15 days, the new moon The waning moon
Answer: The full moon 15 days, the new moon The waning moon. This period marks the decreasing illumination of the moon.
In simple words: The moon takes 15 days to go from full moon to new moon, during which it is called the waning moon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the duration of the waning moon phase and how it relates to the moon's visibility.

Question 3. The fortnight of the waxing moon + the fortnight of the waning moon A lunar month
Answer: The fortnight of the waxing moon + the fortnight of the waning moon A lunar month. A lunar month is approximately 29.5 days long.
In simple words: A lunar month is made up of two 15-day periods: the waxing moon (getting brighter) and the waning moon (getting dimmer).

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the components that make up a full lunar month and their respective durations.

Glossary

• waning – decreasing
• waxing – increasing.
• orbits - regularly repeated elliptical course of a celestial object.
• imaginary – existing only in the imagination
• illuminated – lit up
• inclination - a degree of sloping.