Maharashtra Board Class 4 Maths Part One Chapter 6 Division Part 1 PDF Download

Division: Part 1

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(1) If 20 chocolates are divided equally between 5 children, how many does each child get?

Let us carry out 20 ÷ 5.

5 × 4 = 20

Each child gets 4 chocolates.

Teacher's Note

Division means sharing things equally. If you have 20 candies and 5 friends, each friend gets 4 candies. This is like sharing your lunch tiffin with friends at school.

Exam Trick

Remember: Division is the opposite of multiplication. If 5 × 4 = 20, then 20 ÷ 5 = 4. Check your answer by multiplying back.

Points to Remember

Division means sharing equally among people.
The number we divide is called the dividend.
The number we divide by is called the divisor.
The answer we get is called the quotient.
Multiplication and division are opposite operations.

(2) If 21 flowers are divided equally between 7 children, how many flowers does each child get?

Let us carry out 21 ÷ 7.

Each child gets flowers.

Teacher's Note

When we divide flowers among children, each child gets an equal share. In your school, when the teacher gives 21 books to 7 students, each student gets 3 books.

Exam Trick

Use the times table to help you. Ask: 7 times what number equals 21? The answer is 3, so 21 ÷ 7 = 3.

Points to Remember

Division helps us share things fairly.
We can use multiplication tables to check division.
If the times table does not help, count carefully.
Always write the quotient in the correct place.
Division is faster than sharing one by one.

(3) Let us arrange 15 ÷ 5 in the form of dots. As 5 is the divisor, let us put 5 dots in one row and find out how many rows are needed for 15 dots.

First row: Three rows are formed, therefore, 15 ÷ 5 = 3.

Second row

Third row

In the same way, solve the following problems by using dots.

Teacher's Note

Using dots helps children see division clearly. It makes the idea of sharing into equal groups very clear. You can do this activity with actual objects like stones or beads in your classroom.

Exam Trick

Draw dots in rows to solve division problems. Count the rows you make. The number of rows is your answer. This method works for all small division problems.

Points to Remember

Dots help us see division as making equal rows.
Each row has the same number of dots.
We count the total number of rows to find the answer.
This method is good for learning but slow for big numbers.
Always make equal groups, not different sizes.

The Inter-Relationship Between Division And Multiplication

Shobha: Come, Rohit, let's put these rings on the stands! Let's put an equal number of rings on each stand!

Rohit: We have 12 rings in the box.

Shobha: There are three stands.

Rohit: Let us put the rings one by one on each stand.

Shobha: If 12 rings are distributed equally on three stands, how many rings should there be on each stand? Let us count.

Rohit: You are asking us to divide. 12 ÷ 3 = 4. Each stand will have 4 rings. Now tell me, if each stand has four rings, how many stands do we need for 12 rings?

Shobha: This is division again! 12 ÷ 4 = 3. We need 3 stands.

Tai: Why is that so? Because, you see, 3 × 4 = 12 and 4 × 3 = 12, so, 12 ÷ 3 = 4 and 12 ÷ 4 = 3.

Rohit: This means that we can get two divisions from one multiplication. For example, from 8 × 4 = 32, we get 32 ÷ 8 = 4 and 32 ÷ 4 = 8. Is that right?

Tai: Excellent! You are absolutely right. Keep that in mind while solving the following problems.

7 × 5 = 35

35 ÷ = 5

35 ÷ = 7

6 × 7 = 42

42 ÷ 7 =

42 ÷ 6 =

5 × 9 = 45

45 ÷ = 9

45 ÷ = 5

8 × = 56

56 ÷ 8 =

56 ÷ 7 =

Teacher's Note

Multiplication and division are connected. If you know 3 × 4 = 12, then you also know 12 ÷ 3 = 4. This is like knowing both: "3 groups of 4" and "12 shared into 3 groups."

Exam Trick

Write the multiplication fact first, then write the two division facts. For example: 5 × 6 = 30, so 30 ÷ 5 = 6 and 30 ÷ 6 = 5. This helps you remember division facts easily.

Points to Remember

One multiplication fact gives two division facts.
If a × b = c, then c ÷ a = b and c ÷ b = a.
Division is the reverse of multiplication.
Always check division by multiplying back.
Using times tables helps you solve division quickly.

Dividing A Two-Digit Number By A Single-Digit Number

Four farmers together bought 84 sacks of manure and wondered how to divide them equally among themselves.

One farmer suggested the following method.

Step 1

Each farmer gets 10 sacks.

4 × 10 = 40 sacks given.

84 − 40 = 44 remain.

Step 2

From the remaining 44 sacks, each farmer gets 10 sacks more.

40 sacks are given.

44 − 40 = 4 remain.

Step 3

Of the remaining 4 sacks, each farmer is given 1 sack.

4 sacks are given.

4 − 4 = 0 remain.

Therefore, each farmer gets a share of 10 + 10 + 1 = 21 sacks.

Another farmer suggested another method:

Step 1

Each farmer is given 20 sacks.

4 × 20 = 80 sacks given.

84 − 80 = 4 sacks remain.

Step 2

Of the remaining 4 sacks, each farmer is given 1 sack.

4 × 1 = 4 sacks given.

4 − 4 = 0 remain.

Therefore, each farmer gets a share of 20 + 1 = 21 sacks

Equal shares can also be made by carrying out a division as follows:

4)84

The dividend is 84, or 8T and 4U. The divisor is 4.

Let us first distribute the tens. Let us see if 8T can be divided by 4. Let us say the 4 times table. Four twos are eight. So, we can directly distribute 2T each. Let us subtract those. Each gets 2T, so, let us write 2 above the line in the tens place of the quotient. We subtract 8T from 8T. 0T remain.

Next, let us distribute the 4 units. 4 times 1 is 4, so we subtract 4 times 1 from 4. Each gets 1U. Let us write 1 above the line in the units place of the quotient.

After subtracting 4 units, 0 remain. The quotient is 21.

Teacher's Note

Division of two-digit numbers is like sharing step by step. First share the tens, then share the units. In India, when a farmer divides 84 kilos of seeds equally among 4 fields, each field gets 21 kilos.

Exam Trick

Start with the biggest number on the left. Ask: Can I divide the tens? Then ask: Can I divide the units? Write the answer piece by piece, left to right. Always check by multiplying back: 21 × 4 = 84.

Points to Remember

Always start division from the left side (tens place first).
Divide tens first, then divide units.
Use the times table to find how many each person gets.
Subtract what you have given from what you had.
The remainder must always be smaller than the divisor.

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