Maharashtra Board Class 4 Maths Part One Chapter 5 Multiplication Part 1 PDF Download

5. Multiplication: Part 1

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Eight dozen bananas were bought to give to the children.

Mahendra: One dozen bananas is 12 bananas. How many are 8 dozen?

Kamal: To find out, we must multiply 12 by 8. This multiplication can be done using the lattice method. So, let's use this method.

12 = 10 + 2

80 + 16 = 96

Eight dozen bananas means 96 bananas.

Kamal: Now answer this. Students are standing in 15 rows for a drill. There are 37 students in each row. How many students are there altogether?

Mahendra: I will tell you. To answer this, I will have to multiply 37 by 15.

37 = 30 + 7; 15 = 10 + 5

300 + 150 + 70 + 35 = 555

There are 555 children in all on the field.

Multiply the following.

(1) 53 × 8 (2) 25 × 9 (3) 86 × 5 (4) 75 × 11 (5) 41 × 14 (6) 68 × 12

Teacher's Note

The lattice method is very useful for multiplication. You can use it like making a grid when you want to buy things from a shop. Just write numbers in boxes and multiply each part.

Exam Trick

Remember: Break big numbers into tens and ones. For example, 37 = 30 + 7. Then multiply each part separately and add them. This makes it easy!

Points to Remember

Break numbers into tens and ones before multiplying.
Use the lattice method to organize your work.
Add all the parts at the end to get the answer.
Practice with small numbers first, then do bigger numbers.

Multiplying A Three-Digit Number

Multiplying Whole Hundreds By A One-Digit Number

4 × 100, is also 4 × 1H = 4H = 400; Also, 6 × 100 = 600; 2 × 400 = 800.

₹ 300 were to be collected from each student for a picnic. 4 students paid on the first day. What was the total amount collected on that day?

Kamal: To solve this, we will have to take 300, 4 times.

Mahendra: 300 is 3 hundreds. 4 times 3 hundreds, 3H × 4 = 12H, that is 1200.

Kamal: ₹ 1200 were collected on the first day.

Remember: While multiplying whole hundreds by another number, multiply the hundreds digit by the other number and write two zeroes in front of the product.

Teacher's Note

When multiplying hundreds, just multiply the first number by the second number and add two zeros. For example, 3 × 400 = 1200. This is like saying 3 sets of 400 rupees each.

Exam Trick

Trick: Count the zeros first! If you see 300 × 4, ignore the zeros, multiply 3 × 4 = 12, then add back the two zeros to get 1200. Simple!

Points to Remember

Hundreds have two zeros at the end.
Multiply the first digit by the second number.
Add two zeros to your answer.
Example: 5 × 200 = 1000 (5 × 2 = 10, add two zeros).

If 40 students pay ₹ 300 each, what is the total amount of fees collected?

Tony: 40 times 300 = 3H × 40 = 120H = 12000. While multiplying 300 by 40, we can multiply the 3 by 4 to get 12; then we can place the 2 zeroes from 300 and one zero from 40 in front of the product 12.

Carry out the following multiplications.

(1) 4H × 5 = 2000 (7) 7 H × 2 =

(2) 20 × 3H = (8) 20 × 300 =

(3) 40 × 500 = (9) 600 × 30 =

(4) 800 × 60 = (10) 900 × 20 =

(5) 35 × 200 = (11) 600 × 42 =

(6) × 70 = 7000 (12) 15 × = 30000

Multiplying Any Three-Digit Number By A One-Digit Number

One set of textbooks costs ₹ 245. What is the cost of 8 such sets?

Since the cost of 8 sets of textbooks will be eight times the cost of one set, we will multiply 245 by 8. Remember that 245 = 200 + 40 + 5.

1600 + 320 + 40 = 1960

Therefore, the cost of 8 sets is ₹ 1960.

1. Multiply.

(1) 124 × 3 (2) 367 × 5 (3) 408 × 9

(4) 627 × 8 (5) 840 × 4 (6) 716 × 7

2. The cost of 1 chair is ₹ 650. What is the cost of 4 such chairs?

3. One small sack of rice costs ₹ 825. How much do 5 such sacks cost?

Teacher's Note

When multiplying a three-digit number by a one-digit number, break the three-digit number into hundreds, tens, and ones. Then multiply each part and add them. For example, 245 × 8 means (200 × 8) + (40 × 8) + (5 × 8).

Exam Trick

Remember: Always break the number into parts. Like 245 becomes 200 + 40 + 5. Multiply each part by 8 separately, then add. This stops mistakes!

Points to Remember

Break the three-digit number into hundreds, tens, and ones.
Multiply each part by the one-digit number.
Add all the answers together.
Check your work by adding the parts again.
Practice makes it fast and easy.

Multiplying A Three-Digit Number By A Two-Digit Number

While planting rice, 28 rows have been planted with 244 seedlings in each row. How many seedlings have been planted?

There are 244 seedlings in each row. So, there must be 28 times as many seedlings in 28 rows.

We will multiply 244 by 28.

244 = 200 + 40 + 4

28 = 20 + 8

4000 + 1600 + 800 + 320 + 80 + 32 = 6832

6832 seedlings have been planted.

Multiply: 709 × 76

709 = 700 + 0 + 9

76 = 70 + 6

49000 + 4200 + 630 + 54 = 53884

Hence, 709 × 76 = 53884

1. Multiply.

(1) 819 × 12 (2) 545 × 38 (3) 953 × 38

(4) 610 × 45 (5) 407 × 55 (6) 781 × 90

2. The concessional rate of one English dictionary is ₹ 175. If 31 students in a class give their teacher that amount for the dictionary, how much money has the teacher collected?

3. A van carries 205 crates of mangoes. If each crate contains 48 mangoes, how many mangoes are there in the van?

Teacher's Note

When multiplying a three-digit number by a two-digit number, break both numbers into parts. Then multiply each part of the first number by each part of the second number. This is like counting apples in rows and columns in a field.

Exam Trick

Remember: Make a grid table with all parts. Multiply each box. Then add all the answers. This method never fails! It is like solving a puzzle.

Points to Remember

Break both numbers into tens and ones parts.
Make a grid table with the numbers.
Multiply each part carefully.
Add all the answers at the end.
Check by doing it again.

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