Maharashtra Board Class 4 Maths Part One Chapter 4 Subtraction PDF Download

4. Subtraction

Revision

(1) There are 452 teak trees and 321 neem trees in a forest. How many more neem trees must be planted in order to have the same number of neem trees as teak trees?

In order to find the answer, we have to count ahead from 321 to 452. In other words, we have to subtract 321 from 452.

131 more neem trees have to be planted.

(2) Ajay has collected 207 seeds while Vijay has collected 165 seeds. How many more seeds does Ajay have than Vijay?

We can find the answer by doing the following subtraction: 207 − 165.

Let us subtract 5 units from 7 units. 2 remain.

We cannot subtract 6 tens from 0 tens. However, we have 2 hundreds of which we can borrow 1. 1 hundred remains in the hundreds place.

1 hundred is equal to 10 tens. Write them in the tens place. Subtracting 6 tens from 10 tens, 4 tens remain.

Now, subtract 1 hundred from 1 hundred, 0 remain.

The answer is 42.

Ajay has 42 more seeds than Vijay.

Teacher's Note

Subtraction is used every day in India. For example, if you have 250 rupees and spend 165 rupees, you can find how much money is left by subtraction.

Exam Trick

When you cannot subtract, always borrow from the next place. Just like borrowing money from a friend, you must return it later.

Points to Remember

Subtraction means taking away or finding the difference between two numbers.
Always subtract smaller numbers from bigger numbers.
If you cannot subtract from a place, borrow from the next higher place.
After borrowing, the number becomes 10 more in that place.

Exercise

1. Arrange vertically and subtract.

(1) 586 − 425

(2) 465 − 179

(3) 542 − 351

(4) 754 − 287

(5) 500 − 365

(6) 502 − 307

2. If 400 − 100 = 300, solve 477 − 177. Write three subtraction problems with the answer 200.

3. Rajani buys a uniform worth ₹372 and a school bag worth ₹250. How much more does she spend on the uniform than on the bag?

4. The answer to an addition is 915. One of the numbers is 427. Which is the other number?

5. The answer to an addition is 915. Choose any number smaller than 800 as one of the numbers. Find the other number.

6. Using the numbers 534 and 252, write a subtraction word problem and solve it.

Subtraction Of Four-Digit Numbers Without Borrowing

There are 4526 men and 3214 women in a village. How many more men than women does the village have?

We shall subtract four-digit numbers using the same method that we used to subtract three-digit numbers.

There are 1312 more men than women.

Subtract horizontally.

Th H T U Th H T U

6 7 8 9 − 5 4 3 2 = 1357

Even horizontally, units are subtracted from units, tens from tens, hundreds from hundreds and thousands from thousands.

Teacher's Note

Four-digit numbers are used in real life in India. For example, the price of school bags, fees, and money for celebrations can be four-digit numbers.

Exam Trick

Remember the order: Always subtract from right to left. Start with units, then tens, then hundreds, then thousands.

Points to Remember

Four-digit numbers have thousands, hundreds, tens, and units places.
Subtract units from units, tens from tens, and so on.
Arrange the numbers correctly before subtracting.
Write the answer carefully in the correct places.

Exercise

1. Subtract the following.

2. Arrange horizontally and subtract.

(1) 5555 − 2222

(2) 8740 − 3520

(3) 9586 − 432

(4) 3256 − 24

3. If 5000 − 2000 = 3000, then 5888 − 2888 = ?

4. Write three subtraction problems with the answer 2000.

5. Using the words 'literate' and 'illiterate' and the numbers 4765 and 2142, write a subtraction problem and solve it.

6. Whose subtraction is correct? Why?

Subtraction By Borrowing

(1) Let us solve: 9072 − 7548.

First we write the numbers vertically. We cannot subtract 8 units from 2 units. Therefore, we untie 1 ten from 7 tens. 6 tens remain in the tens place. 10 units from 1 ten plus 2 units make 12 units. 12 − 8 = 4 units.

6T − 4T = 2T. 2 tens remain in the tens place.

We cannot subtract 5 hundreds from 0 hundreds. Therefore, we untie 1 thousand from 9 thousands. 8 remain in the thousands place. 1 thousand equals 10 hundreds. 10 hundreds plus 0 hundreds make 10 hundreds.

10H − 5H = 5H.

8Th − 7Th = 1Th. The answer is 1524.

(2) Solve: 5000 − 967

Here, we cannot subtract 7 units from 0 units. We must untie 1 ten. However, there are no numbers in the tens and hundreds places. Therefore, we will untie 1 thousand from the 5 thousands and obtain 10 hundreds. Then we untie 1 hundred from 10 and we obtain 10 tens. There are 9 hundreds left in the hundreds place. Of the 10 tens, we untie 1 ten. We get 10 units and 9 tens will remain in the tens place.

We write the units in the units column. 10 U − 7 U = 3 U; 9 T − 6 T = 3 T; 9 H − 9 H = 0 H; there is nothing to subtract from 4 thousands. The answer is 4033.

Teacher's Note

When we borrow in subtraction, we are rearranging numbers. Just like taking 10 coins of one rupee when we need small money, we borrow from the next place in subtraction.

Exam Trick

Always check your answer by adding it back to the number you subtracted. If you get the first number, your answer is correct.

Points to Remember

When you cannot subtract, borrow 1 from the next higher place.
Borrowing 1 from any place gives you 10 in the lower place.
After borrowing, reduce the number from which you borrowed by 1.
Continue subtraction step by step from right to left.

Exercise

1. Subtract.

This is a preview of the first 3 pages. To get the complete book, click below.