Maharashtra Board Class 11 Home Management Chapter 2 Factors Motivating Management PDF Download

Factors Motivating Management

Section Topics

2.1 Values

2.2 Goals

2.3 Standards

2.4 Inter-relationship between values, goals, standards

Do You Know?

Meaning of values, goals and standards

Values, goals and standards are the deciding factors of management. Every family always finds various alternative ways and selects a particular alternative while performing various activities or solving problems.

Every family can find a number of ways (alternatives) of doing some activity or to solve problems. The alternative that is finally chosen for taking action is decided by certain factors. These factors direct us to select or reject particular course of action. We may not be aware of these factors or their commands on our decision making, but they are influencing us all the time. These factors are values, goals and standards.

2.1 Values

Can You Differentiate?

1. Value of education

2. Value of equipment and material

The term value means the importance or worth that is given to any object, situation, principle or idea. In our life, everyone gives more importance to certain things and so they value those things. For example; love, friendship, loyalty, etc. The word 'value' is used in different context for example moral values, aesthetic value, instrumental value.

Values motivate human behaviour. They provide a base for judgement, discrimination and analysis. Because of these, we are able to make intelligent choice between different alternatives. They give meaning to our life. They are the one that provide us an answer when we have to make a choice between two or more alternatives. Values are the basic philosophy and motivating factor in our lives. It helps in deciding the course of action to be taken from a number of alternatives and also to decide which type of goals we should set for ourselves. Largely they answer the question of, why one makes a choice between two or more courses of action. They give the directions through the importance of an objects, situations, and ways of doing things. Some common values, which are universally important are honesty, love, art, comfort, health, knowledge etc.

Definition

Nickell and Dorsey: "Values grow out of human interactions and desires, they are the product of interactions between individual and some object as situations in his environment."

"The things in life that one considers right, desirable or worth while."

Teacher's Note

Values are what make us make the right choices. For example, if you value honesty, you will always tell the truth even when lying is easy.

Exam Trick

Remember: Values are like your family's rules at home. They guide what you do. Intrinsic values = good for their own sake (like playing with friends). Extrinsic values = good because they help you reach another goal (like studying to get good marks).

Points to Remember

Values are what we think is important in life.
They help us make good choices between different options.
Values can come from family, school, religion, or culture.
Intrinsic values are good in themselves.
Extrinsic values help us reach our goals.

The basic motivating values of human behaviour are as follows:

Let's Find Out

a) Various types of values and its significance:

1) Love: It is basic value in human relation.

2) Health: For physical and mental wellbeing.

3) Ambition: To get success in achievement.

4) Comfort: For making life as pleasant and agreeable for living.

5) Knowledge and wisdom: Search for truth.

6) Technological satisfaction: By Skilful workmanship.

7) Play: Creative and imaginative activities, sportsmanship and teamwork.

8) Art: The interest in beauty in all forms of expression.

9) Religion: To know basic philosophy of human life.

10) Hospitality: To get pleasure in entertaining the guest.

Know This

b) Characteristics of values:

Values are closely related to our life.

They influence our behaviour, attitude, thinking and personality.

A value is always important to the person who holds it.

Values develop from many sources and are influenced by many factors.

Values are self created and self developed.

Values are always changing. They may get modified due to time and circumstances.

Values do not change easily. They may change slowly and gradually after some years.

The intensity of values vary from individual to individual.

Question in My Mind

What are the different sources of values?

c) Sources of Values

Make a List and Discuss

Family: The values followed by families influence the children. Children inherit those values slowly. The families have a major responsibility for developing right kind of values among children. An atmosphere in the family should be such that children will pick up the appropriate values. As children imitate their elders they accept certain values like, affection, love, comfort, health, honesty, truthfulness and respect for others.

School: Environment in the school affects the values of children. As the students belong to different environment, having different nature and various economic and social status, their values may differ. School thus has a major responsibility in developing the right kind of values in children like sympathy, co-operation, compromise, honesty etc.

Religion: Religion influences values of individuals. Though most of the religions agree on certain values like love, honesty, empathy etc. there is a difference in values propagated by different religions.

Can You Find Out?

What are different cultures followed in India?

Culture: Values differ in different culture and children accept the values of the culture in which they grow. For example, Indian culture teaches children to respect elders and obey them. Thus values inculcate from various sources including community, experiences and the peer groups.

Teacher's Note

Your family teaches you values like respect and honesty. Your school teaches you teamwork. Together, they make you a good person.

Exam Trick

Remember: Family = first teacher of values. School = second teacher of values. Religion and culture also teach values. So values come from four main places.

Points to Remember

Family is the first source of values for children.
School helps develop good values like honesty and teamwork.
Religion teaches values like love and kindness.
Culture teaches values that are special to your country.
All these sources work together to shape our values.

Let's Discuss

What common values are found in peer group?

Type of Values

Values may be classified as follows:

Intrinsic Value: Intrinsic values are important and desirable simply for their own sake. They are worthy of being sought for themselves. Intrinsic values stand alone and represent strong values that are important in themselves. They originate from philosophy of life of a family or individual. eg. Person enjoying sunset at the sea shore.

Extrinsic value: An extrinsic value is a means of attaining other values or goals. These are sometimes called instrumental values. These may also be strong values but they help or assist an intrinsic value. For example, if a person values intelligence and education, the goal may be pursuing higher education. In this case, intelligence is intrinsic value in order to achieve that goal. Other values like sincerity, punctuality, hard work, regularity in attending classes and concentration in studies are instrumental or extrinsic values.

Identify the Values

Teacher's Note

Intrinsic value is like playing because you enjoy it. Extrinsic value is like studying because it helps you pass the exam. Both are important.

Exam Trick

Remember: Intrinsic = "IN" = inside = good for its own sake. Extrinsic = "EX" = external = good because it helps you reach something else.

Points to Remember

Intrinsic values are important in themselves and make us happy.
Extrinsic values help us reach other goals.
Both types of values are necessary in life.
Examples of intrinsic: enjoying art, music, friendship.
Examples of extrinsic: hard work, punctuality, studying.

2.2 Goals

Remember This

Goals are the desires or aims of the families or individuals who are willing to work for. A person who is inspired to do some task, most probably it is his/her goal. Goals are influenced by the social environment and the people around us may encourage or discourage us about the selection or attainment of goals.

Goals are created from our desires, values, experiences, environment and attitude. They are very important in our life. Each and every family puts in hard work to achieve the goal. Goals can also be achieved by effective management.

Know This

Definition:

According to Melon and Melon: "Goals are the things we set out to accomplish a work to be reached and a purpose to be achieved."

According to Nickell and Dorsey: "Goals are nothing more than the end that individuals or families are willing to work for."

Teacher's Note

Goals are what you want to achieve. For example, passing your exam is a goal. Becoming a doctor is a bigger goal. Your goal should be something you really want and are ready to work hard for.

Exam Trick

Remember: Goals = what you want to achieve. Values = why you want to achieve it. Standards = how well you want to do it.

Points to Remember

Goals are things you want to achieve in life.
Goals come from your values and desires.
Goals need hard work and planning.
Goals can be short-term or long-term.
Your family and friends can help you reach your goals.

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