Maharashtra Board Class 10 History Chapter 8 Tourism and History Solutions

History Class 10 Chapter 8 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
(A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement.
(1) Thomas Cook established a travel agency selling ............................ .
(a) handicrafts
(b) toys
(c) food items
(d) tourist tickets
Answer: (d) tourist tickets
In simple words: Thomas Cook is recognized for pioneering organized tours, and his agency primarily sold tourist tickets to facilitate travel.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying key historical figures and their contributions in tourism is crucial for MCQs.

Question 1.
(2) Bhilar is known as the 'Village of ............................ .
(a) books
(b) plants
(c) mangoes
(d) forts
Answer: (a) Books
In simple words: Bhilar is a unique village in Maharashtra designated as India's first "Village of Books" to promote reading and tourism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific examples and unique initiatives related to tourism are common knowledge-based questions.

Question 1.
(B) Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set.
(1) Matheran - Hill Station
(2) Tadoba - Rock-cut Caves
(3) Kolhapur - Pilgrim Centre
(4) Ajanta - World Heritage
Answer: (2) Wrong Pair: Tadoba - Rock-cut Caves
In simple words: Tadoba is known for its Tiger Reserve and wildlife, not rock-cut caves; Ajanta, Ellora, and Verul are famous for rock-cut caves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the correct classification and famous sites for different types of tourism (e.g., hill station, pilgrim centre, world heritage, wildlife) is essential.

Question 2.
Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) The number of people travelling back and forth from India has increased considerably.
Answer:
• It has become easier to travel because of the easy availability of a number of options like railway, marine and air services.
• Marine has linked the coastal regions. Aviation has brought the entire world closer.
• The economic liberalisation policy of the Indian government has made the travel more easy.
• People travel for studies, relaxation, sightseeing and professional assignments (meetings, etc.), also for shooting films. Therefore, there has been a considerable increase in the number of people travelling back and forth from India.
In simple words: Improved transport, economic liberalisation, and diverse reasons for travel like education, leisure, and professional work have significantly boosted travel to and from India.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining reasons for a trend, cover multiple contributing factors like infrastructure, policy, and human motivations.

Question 2.
(2) It is important to take a few primary precautions in order to preserve the historical heritage sites.
Answer:
India has rich natural and cultural heritage. In order to preserve the historical sites following precautionary measures should be taken.
• Avoid vandalising or defacing the heritage monuments and sites.
• To refrain from activities like writing on the wall or carving on the trees.
• Ancient monuments should not be painted in garish colours.
• Lack of good amenities in the precints of the heritage sites causes filthiness. Proper amenities should be provided.
• Heritage monuments like forts and other monuments are testimonies of our glorious past and they serve as guide for future generations.
Therefore, they should be preserved..
In simple words: Preserving heritage sites requires preventing vandalism, maintaining cleanliness, providing proper amenities, and educating people about their historical significance for future generations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practical and actionable steps for conservation, along with the underlying rationale (e.g., historical value, future guidance), score well.

Question 3.
Write short notes :
(1) Tradition of Travelling
Answer:
• The tradition of travelling from one corner to another is not new.
• It existed in India since ancient times.
• In stone age, man was constantly on the move in search of food but that was just wandering not travelling.
• India has got a rich tradition of travelling.
• People go for local fairs, temple fairs, festivals and pilgrimage which comes under cultural tourism.
• People travelled long distance for education and trade.
• Many students visited Nalanda, Takshshila universities in the past.
• As travelling is a natural instinct in man, the tradition of travelling for various reasons is prevalent since ancient times.
In simple words: The tradition of travelling in India dates back to ancient times, driven by reasons such as trade, education, pilgrimage, and cultural events, reflecting a natural human instinct.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing short notes, include historical context, diverse motivations for the tradition, and specific Indian examples.

Question 3.
(2) Marco Polo
Answer:
• Marco Polo was born in a business family in the Italian city of Venice in 1254 CE.
• He was the first European traveller to reach China taking the silk route.
• His travelogue introduced Asia, especially China to Europe.
• He wrote about the rich flora and fauna, social life, information on culture and trade system in Asia.
• His writings initiated trade between Europe and Asia.
In simple words: Marco Polo was a pioneering Italian traveller who reached China via the Silk Route, and his travelogue significantly introduced Asian culture and trade to Europe, fostering subsequent trade relations.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical figures, mention their origin, key achievements (e.g., routes, discoveries), and lasting impact.

Question 3.
(3) Agro-tourism
Answer:
Visit to agricultural centres and agricultural universities comes under agro-tourism.
1. In recent times lot of research is conducted in the agricultural field. Many new agricultural universities and research centres are formed in India.
2. Projects are undertaken to inform farmers about suitable soil for their crops, organic manures, earthworm compost, etc. Sikkim state is the first organic state of India.
3. Though it receives less rainfall, Israel has made a lot of development in agricultural sector. To obtain information on novel techniques in farming and on projects started, students and city people travel to places.
4. As urban population has very little exposure to rural life and agriculture, agro-tourism is developing rapidly.
In simple words: Agro-tourism involves visiting agricultural sites, universities, and farms to learn about farming techniques, organic practices, and rural life, driven by increased urban interest and agricultural innovation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the concept clearly, provide reasons for its development, and offer relevant examples or trends (e.g., Sikkim, Israel).

Question 4.
Answer the following questions in detail.
(1) What are the crucial issues in the development of tourism?
Answer:
In modern times, tourism is not limited to being a job-oriented profession but it also contributes to the nation's development.
• Safety of the tourists and secure transport facilities should be given utmost preference.
• Availability of good accommodation and amenities of reasonably good standard should be made available.
• Good washroom facilities oq, the travel routes and at tourists sites should be provided.
• Pamphlets, guides, maps should be made available to the tourists, preferably in their own language.
• It would be helpful if taxi drivers are trained to converse in more than one languages.
• They can also be trained as tourist guides.
• Attention should be given towards the needs of specially challenged people.
In simple words: Key issues in tourism development include ensuring tourist safety, providing quality accommodation and amenities, offering multilingual information and guides, and catering to the needs of disabled individuals.

🎯 Exam Tip: For detailed answers, categorize issues (e.g., safety, infrastructure, information, inclusivity) and provide specific solutions for each.

Question 4.
(2) In what way tourism becomes a major source of their livelihood?
Answer:
In the following ways development takes place at local level because of tourism:
• Local markets are developed in the vicinity of a tourist site.
• There is considerable increase in purchase and sales of goods liked by tourists.
• Production and sale of ethnic handicraft goods increase eventually leading to the development of these industries.
• Economic well-being of the skilled craftsmen.
• Increase in demand of locally processed food, hotel services, accommodation and in shops leads to development of these services.
• Local transport, travel agents, guides are in demand. Hence more and more employment opportunities are generated.
In simple words: Tourism boosts local economies by creating demand for markets, handicrafts, food, hospitality, and transport, thereby generating diverse employment opportunities and improving livelihoods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect tourism's impact directly to job creation and economic benefits at the local level, providing clear examples.

Question 4.
(3) What would you do to develop the surroundings of your village /town to help the growth of tourism?
Answer:
It is important to have an understanding of our surroundings. For that some ground work is essential.
1. Historical monuments and temples should be conserved and preserved. Boards having information on them should be put up around the city. We need to pay attention towards cleanliness.
2. Beaches should be clean as clean beaches always attract tourists.
3. Tourists are interested to see projects like earthworm composts, zero waste and working of solar power projects. If such projects are installed they become centre of major tourist attraction.
4. Similarly, tourists are interested to see local art, culture, cottage and handicraft industry. They are enthusiastic to buy locally made handicrafts as souvenirs. I feel if there is economical, geographical, cultural and educational development in our surroundings it will definitely boost tourism.
In simple words: To develop tourism, I would focus on preserving historical sites, ensuring cleanliness, promoting eco-friendly projects, and showcasing local art and handicrafts, all of which enhance the tourist experience.

🎯 Exam Tip: Propose concrete actions, demonstrating an understanding of both conservation and promotion aspects of tourism development.

Question 5.
Complete the following Concept chart:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक अवधारणात्मक चार्ट है जो 'विश्व विरासत स्थलों' से संबंधित विभिन्न प्रकार के स्थलों को दर्शाता है। केंद्रीय बॉक्स 'विश्व विरासत स्थलों' को दर्शाता है, जिससे 'रॉक-कट गुफाएं', 'प्राकृतिक विरासत', 'रेलवे स्टेशन' और 'अभयारण्य' जैसे संबंधित क्षेत्र जुड़े हुए हैं। उत्तर खंड इन क्षेत्रों को विशिष्ट उदाहरणों से भरता है जैसे 'रॉक-कट गुफाएं' के लिए अजंता, वेरुल; 'प्राकृतिक विरासत' के लिए कास पठार; 'रेलवे स्टेशन' के लिए छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज रेलवे टर्मिनस; और 'अभयारण्य' के लिए दाजिपुर अभयारण्य।
Answer:

Rock-cut Caves	Ajanta, Verul
Natural Heritage	Kas plateau
World Heritage Sites
Railway Station	Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus
Sanctuary	Dajipur Sanctuary in Western Ghat

In simple words: This concept chart categorizes different types of World Heritage Sites, providing specific examples for rock-cut caves, natural heritage, railway stations, and sanctuaries.

🎯 Exam Tip: For concept charts, ensure accurate categorization and specific, relevant examples for each branch.

Question 6.
Give elaborate answers to the following.
(1) What are the professional fields associated with tourism?
Answer:
The following fields are related to tourism:
• Hotels, lodging and boarding services.
• Shops selling food items and catering services, etc.
• A reviväl or boost to Handicraft and Cottage industiy resulting in economic well-being of the skilled craftsmen.
• Demand for industries affiliated to hotel industry like Dairy industry.
• Agro industry which supplies vegetables, fruits, fish and meat increases.
• Transport services which are required by tourists such as bus, autorickshaw and taxi, increase in numbers.
• Travel agents, photographers, guides, etc. and other professions related to tourism get a boost.
In simple words: Tourism supports a wide range of professional fields including hospitality, food services, handicrafts, agriculture, transport, and ancillary services like guiding and photography.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing professional fields, consider the entire value chain of a tourist's journey and stay, from planning to experience.

Question 6.
(2) Describe any three types of tourism.
Answer:
Tourism has been classified into many types, three important types of them are:
(1) Historical Tourism:
• Tourism and history are inseparable.
• The number of people visiting historical places are increasing day by day.
• Tours are arranged to see forts, battlefields which narrate stories of valour of our ancestors and monuments made by them.
• Tourists visit memorials of freedom fighters, forts built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, palaces built by kings.
• Important places related to the Indian war of independence in 1857, and ashrams of Mahatma Gandhi and Vinoba Bhave.
Thus, this type of historical tourism is popular all around the world.
In simple words: Historical tourism involves visiting sites like forts, battlefields, memorials, and palaces to connect with the past and learn about historical events and figures.

🎯 Exam Tip: For descriptive questions, define the type of tourism, explain its appeal, and provide specific examples relevant to India's heritage.

Question 6.
(2) Geographic Tourism:
Sea beaches, mountain ranges, valleys, snow-capped peaks, pristine jungles, sanctuaries, lakes formed because of meteor impact, waterfalls, form wealth of a nation. People enjoy nature and feel a natural attraction towards it. People around the world visit 8 such places out of curiosity or for leisure.
In simple words: Geographic tourism is travel motivated by natural beauty, including beaches, mountains, valleys, forests, and unique geological formations, appealing to people seeking leisure or curiosity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the natural elements and the primary motivations (leisure, curiosity) for geographic tourism.

Question 6.
(3) International Tourism:
• International tourism is on the rise in modern times because of availability of transport facility.
• International tourism is on the rise because people travel for various reasons like international literary conferences, world summits, meetings, business deals, site seeing and visit to religious places.
• International seminars and conferences are held.
• Film festivals are arranged. Such events promote international tourism.
In simple words: International tourism is growing due to improved transport and diverse motivations such as attending conferences, business meetings, sightseeing, religious visits, and cultural events like film festivals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the role of global connectivity (transport) and the variety of purposes (business, cultural, religious, leisure) for international travel.

Project

Question 7.
Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(a) The Chinese monk ............................ travelled in India in 630 C.E.
(a) Hiuen Tsang
(b) Yuan Shwcmg
(c) Fa-Hien
(d) Ho Chi Minh
Answer: (b) Yuan Shwang
In simple words: Yuan Shwang, also known as Xuanzang, was a famous Chinese Buddhist monk who extensively travelled through India in the 7th century CE.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing key historical figures and their specific travel periods is vital for MCQ type questions.

Question 7.
(b) The number of people travelling back and forth from India has increased considerably because of ............................
(a) India's first war of Independence
(b) India's independence
(c) Economic liberalisation
(d) Good railway services
Answer: (c) Economic liberalisation
In simple words: India's economic liberalisation policy opened up the economy, making travel more accessible and affordable, thus increasing the number of people travelling.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the socio-economic factors influencing travel trends, such as economic policies and infrastructure development.

Question 7.
(c) ............................ used to arrange hiking tours in Maharashtra to explore the sights closely linked to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
(a) N.S. Incim dar
(b) Ranjit Desai
(c) Vishnubhcrt Godse
(d) Gopal Neelkanth Dandekar
Answer: (d) Gopal Neelkanth Dandekar.
In simple words: Gopal Neelkanth Dandekar was known for organizing hiking tours that highlighted historical sites related to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific personalities associated with promoting heritage tourism or particular historical figures are often tested.

Question 7.
(d) In order to provide good' amenities on the pilgrim routes like Chardham Yatras and Bara Jyotirlings ............................ has spent from her personal funds.
(a) Queen Lakshmibcri
(b) Ahilyabai Holkar
(c) Nanasaheb Peshwa
(d) Vshunbhat Godse
Answer: (b) Ahilyabai Holkar
In simple words: Ahilyabai Holkar was a benevolent ruler known for her contributions to developing infrastructure and amenities for pilgrims across India using her personal wealth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the contributions of historical figures to religious and pilgrimage tourism, especially those who funded public welfare projects.

Question 7.
(e) A visit to ............................ at Nighoj in Maharashtra is geographic tourism.
(a) palace
(b) fort
(c) ranjankhalage
(d) temple
Answer: (c) ranjankhalage
In simple words: Ranjankhalage at Nighoj refers to naturally formed pot-holes or gorges, which are geological features that attract geographic tourists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different types of tourist attractions (e.g., historical, religious, geographical) and identify specific examples for each category.

Question 7.
(f) ............................ has conducted experiments of advanced technology in agriculture.
(a) Egypt
(b) Jordan
(c) Italy
(d) Israel
Answer: (d) Israel
In simple words: Israel is renowned for its advancements and innovative experiments in agricultural technology, despite having challenging climatic conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of global examples related to specialized tourism types, such as agro-tourism, and countries known for specific advancements.

Question 7.
(g) Travelling to attend events like Maharashtra Kesari is known as ............................
(a) Geographic Tourism
(b) Health Tourism
(c) Agro Tourism
(d) Sports Tourism
Answer: (d) Sports Tourism
In simple words: Attending sporting events, whether as a participant or spectator, falls under the category of sports tourism, driven by interest in competitive activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classify tourism activities correctly based on their primary motivation (e.g., sports, health, culture, nature).

Question 7.
(h) ............................ successfully circumnavigated Europe.
(a) Marco Polo
(b) Thomas Cook
(c) Benjamin of Tudela
(d) Gerardus Mercator
Answer: (b) Thomas Cook.
In simple words: Thomas Cook, a pioneer of organized tourism, successfully arranged a round trip of Europe, laying the foundation for modern international tours.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the achievements of key figures in the history of tourism and exploration.

Question 8.
Identify the wrong pair in the following, and write it:
(1)

(1) Matheran	Hill Station
(2) Tadoba	Rock-cut Caves
(3) Kolhapur	Pilgrim Centre
(4) Ajanta	World Heritage

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Tadoba - Rock-cut Caves
In simple words: Tadoba is incorrect as it's known for a Tiger Reserve, not rock-cut caves; Ajanta is famous for its rock-cut caves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure precise knowledge of famous places and their primary attractions or classifications.

Question 8.
(2)

(1) First Cartographer who made world map	Thomas Cook
(2) First European discoverer	Benjamin of Tudela
(3) Italian traveller who introduced China to Europe	Marco Polo
(4) Traveller who travelled extensively in Islamic world	Ibn Batuta

Answer:
Wrong Pair: First Cartographer who made world map - Thomas Cook
In simple words: Thomas Cook was a travel agency pioneer, not the first cartographer; Gerardus Mercator is known as a significant cartographer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately match historical figures with their correct professional roles or major accomplishments.

Question 8.
(3)

Place	Popular for
(1) Lonar	Lake
(2) Jayakwadi	Hill Station
(3) Gharapuri	Rock-cut Caves
(4) Jantar Mantar	Observatory

Answer:
Wrong Pair Jayakwadi - Hill Station
In simple words: Jayakwadi is known for its dam and bird sanctuary, not primarily as a hill station.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the most widely recognized feature or attraction for each place when identifying correct pairs.

Question 8.
(4)

(1) Gharapuri (Elephanta)	Cave
(2) Pandharpur	Pilgrim centre
(3) Sagareshwar	Dam
(4) Panchgani	Hill station

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Sagareshwar - Dam
In simple words: Sagareshwar is primarily known for its wildlife sanctuary and historical temples, not a major dam.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the main attraction or feature that defines a particular tourist spot.

Question 8.
(5)

(1) Chikhaldara	Hill station
(2) Tuljapur	Pilgrim centre
(3) Sagareshwar	Sanctuary
(4) Tadoba	Rock-cut Caves

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Tadoba - Rock-cut Caves
In simple words: Tadoba is incorrect as it's famous for its wildlife sanctuary, while rock-cut caves are found at sites like Ajanta or Ellora.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between wildlife sanctuaries, hill stations, pilgrim centers, and historical sites to correctly identify the wrong pairs.

Question 9.
Do as directed:
(1)

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक अवधारणा चार्ट है जो पर्यटन के चार मुख्य प्रकारों को दर्शाता है। शीर्ष पर 'पर्यटन के चार प्रकार' वाला एक बॉक्स है, जिससे चार खाली तीर निकलते हैं। उत्तर इस चार्ट को 'स्थानीय पर्यटन', 'क्षेत्रीय पर्यटन', 'राष्ट्रीय पर्यटन', और 'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पर्यटन' से भरता है, जो इंगित करता है कि पर्यटन को भौगोलिक दायरे के आधार पर वर्गीकृत किया जा सकता है।
Answer:

Four types of Tourism	Local Tourism
	Regional Tourism
	National Tourism
	International Tourism

In simple words: The chart illustrates that tourism can be categorized into four main types based on geographical scope: local, regional, national, and international tourism.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing such diagrams, identify the core classification principle (e.g., geographical reach) and list the relevant sub-categories.

Question 9.
(2)

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक अवधारणा चार्ट है जो 'विशेष आयोजन पर आधारित पर्यटन' के विभिन्न पहलुओं को दर्शाता है। केंद्रीय हेक्सागोनल बॉक्स 'विशेष आयोजन पर आधारित पर्यटन' को दर्शाता है। चार्ट के शीर्ष पर 'रैली आंदोलन' और 'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सेमिनार' दो इनपुट के रूप में दिए गए हैं। उत्तर चार्ट को 'व्यापार मेले', 'पुस्तक प्रदर्शनियाँ', 'फिल्म समारोह' और 'साहित्यिक सेमिनार' जैसे अतिरिक्त आउटपुट से भरता है, यह दर्शाता है कि ये सभी विशेष आयोजनों पर आधारित पर्यटन के रूप हैं।
Answer:

Rally agitation	International seminars
Tourism based on special event
Trade fairs	Book exhibitions
Film festivals	Literary seminars

In simple words: This concept chart illustrates various forms of tourism centered around special events, including rallies, international seminars, trade fairs, book exhibitions, film festivals, and literary seminars.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing charts about event-based tourism, include a variety of event types that attract visitors, from business to cultural and social.

Question 9.
(3)

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक प्रवाह चार्ट है जो 'विदेशी पर्यटकों से देश की आय' के विभिन्न स्रोतों को दर्शाता है। बाईं ओर 'विदेशी पर्यटकों से देश की आय' वाला एक बॉक्स है। यह 'गाइड और अनुवादक सेवाएं' और 'समाचार पत्र और अन्य संदर्भ' जैसे ज्ञात स्रोतों से जुड़ा है, और चार्ट में तीन खाली बॉक्स भी हैं। उत्तर इन खाली बॉक्सों को 'वीजा से राजस्व', 'यात्रा और होटल व्यय', 'पर्यटक स्थलों पर प्रवेश शुल्क', और 'स्थानीय हस्तकला वस्तुओं की खरीद' से भरता है, जो दर्शाता है कि ये सभी पर्यटन से आय के स्रोत हैं।
Answer:

Country's income from foreign tourists	Guide and translator services
	Newspapers and other references
	Revenue from Visa
	Travel and hotel expenditure
	Entry fee at tourist sites
	Purchases of local handicraft items

In simple words: This flow chart details the various ways a country earns revenue from foreign tourists, including income from visa fees, travel and hotel expenses, entry fees at sites, local handicraft purchases, and services like guides and translators.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing economic impact, list both direct (e.g., entry fees) and indirect (e.g., local purchases, service charges) sources of revenue from tourism.

Question 10.
Explain the concept:
(1) Tourism:
Answer:
1. Visiting places in distant regions with a specific purpose is known as Tourism.
2. Tourism can also be defined as going for local fairs, festivals, pilgrimage, entertainment, leisure, historical or places of natural beauty. Man has a natural instinct to travel.
3. Travelling is an old tradition which has undergone changes with time. In modern times, tourism has changed in its nature and form.
4. Tourism expands from the local to the international level. As tourism develops it opens the doors of development for a country.
In simple words: Tourism is travel to distant places for specific purposes like leisure, pilgrimage, or to experience nature and culture. It has evolved over time from a basic human instinct to a significant industry that contributes to a country's development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on defining tourism comprehensively, covering its various forms and evolutionary aspects, as well as its economic impact.

(2) Religious Tourism:
Answer:
1. When people travel individually or in groups on a pilgrimage, it is known as Religious Tourism. Religious seminars, pilgrimages, religious festivals and travel on occasions to bathe in holy rivers come under religious tourism.
2. Gautam Buddha and Buddhist monks travelled to preach Buddhism and give discourses on Dhama. In the same way, Shankarachaya had travelled to spread Hinduism. St. Francis Xavier along with his followers travelled all over India to preach Christianity.
3. People in Maharashtra walk on foot to reach Pandharpur, Shirdi and many holy places to pay their obeisance.
4. Guru Nanak, Saint Namdev, Samarth Ramdas, as well as Yuan Shwang who came from China in 630 CE to study Buddhism in India, travelled extensively in India.
In simple words: Religious tourism involves travel for spiritual reasons, such as pilgrimages, attending religious festivals, or visiting sacred sites. Historically, religious figures and common people have travelled widely for preaching, devotion, and learning, highlighting the deep-rooted nature of this form of tourism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide historical examples and specific instances of religious travel to illustrate the concept effectively.

(3) Heritage Walk:
Answer:
1. Heritage walk- involves physical walking in the area-and observing the historical sites. People go for heritage walks to see historical palaces, forts and old temples.
2. The first hand experience we get is inspirational in forming an emotional connect and a long lasting impression.
3. Many enthusiastic organisations held such heritage walks in city of Ahmadabad, Mumbai and Pune to enable the people to get glimpses of history.
In simple words: A heritage walk is a guided tour on foot through historical areas to observe and learn about palaces, forts, temples, and other ancient sites. These walks provide a direct, engaging experience that connects people emotionally with history, often organized by various organizations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the experiential aspect and the role of such walks in fostering a connection with history.

(4) Cultural tourism:
Answer:

• India has rich tradition of folk arts. Festivals are arranged to promote such art forms.


• Travelling to see such festivals comes under Cultural tourism.


• Visiting historical places to get a glimpse of local culture is also cultural tourism.


• It also involves visiting reputed educational institutions and understand their traditions as well as travelling to see festivals and celebrations in different parts of the country.


• Travelling to participate in various music-dance festivals as audience is also part of cultural tourism.

In simple words: Cultural tourism involves traveling to experience the unique folk arts, festivals, historical sites, and traditions of different regions. It includes visiting educational institutions, attending celebrations, and participating in music-dance festivals to engage with local culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the diverse elements that constitute cultural tourism, including arts, traditions, and educational aspects.

Question 11.
Write short notes:
(a) Benjamin of Tudela:
Answer:

• Benjamin of Tudela is known to be the first traveller in the world. He was born in Spain.


• He travelled through Asia, Europe and Africa in between 1159-1173 C.E.


• He visited France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Iraq and Persia. He even visited India and China.


• He noted down his experiences and observations about people and their living style in his diaries.


• He made accurate observations about the social life in the medieval period.

Hence, his accounts are authentic and are studied by scholars studying the medieval period.
In simple words: Benjamin of Tudela, a Spanish traveler from 1159-1173 C.E., is considered the first world traveler. His extensive journeys across Asia, Europe, and Africa, including India and China, were meticulously recorded in his diaries, providing authentic insights into medieval social life for scholars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Benjamin of Tudela's extensive travels and the significance of his documented observations for historical studies.

(b) Ibn Batuta:
Answer:
1. Ibn Batuta was born on 25th February, 1304 in present Morocco. He was a great 14th century traveller who travelled for 30 years. His travel accounts enabled people an insight into the Islamic world.
2. Having made' the resolution of not taking the same route again, he travelled to South and East Africa, South and East Europe, Middle and South east Asia in the Indian subcontinent.
3. His writings are helpful for those who study medieval history and social life.
4. In his book Batuta said,' "Travelling - it leaves you speechless, then turns you into storyteller.”
In simple words: Ibn Batuta, born in Morocco in 1304, was a prolific 14th-century traveler who journeyed for 30 years across various continents, including the Indian subcontinent. His detailed writings offer invaluable insights into medieval Islamic history and social life, famously noting that "Travelling - it leaves you speechless, then turns you into storyteller."

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize Ibn Batuta's vast travels and the importance of his writings as historical sources, quoting his famous saying about travel.

(c) Gerardus Mercator:
Answer:

• Gerardus Mercator of 16th century was the first Dutch cartographer.


• He was the first one to make a world map and globe of the earth. He made large and small maps which could be hung on a wall.


• Mercator used the word 'Atlas' for the first time. He made scientific and astronomical instruments.


• His maps gave momentum to navigation around the world.

In simple words: Gerardus Mercator, a 16th-century Dutch cartographer, was a pioneer in map-making, creating the first world map and globe. He coined the term 'Atlas' and developed scientific instruments, with his innovations in cartography significantly advancing global navigation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Mercator's contributions as the first Dutch cartographer, creator of the world map, and the originator of the term 'Atlas'.

Question 12.
Explain the following statements with reasons:
(a) Maza Pravas is an important source of history.
Answer:
1. Vishnubhat Godse in his travelogue wrote about his journey to Ayodhya and back to Maharashtra.
2. He published a book, called 'Maza Pravas' in which he gave an eye witness account of the events which unfolded during the Indian War of Independence in 1857.
3. He gave full detailed descriptions about various incident during that period, especially on the life of the Queen of Jhansi Lakshmibai.
4. His writings give us an idea about the nature of the Marathi language in the 18th century.
Therefore, it is considered as an important source of history.
In simple words: 'Maza Pravas' by Vishnubhat Godse is a crucial historical source because it provides a first-hand account of the 1857 Indian War of Independence, including detailed descriptions of events and the life of Queen Lakshmibai of Jhansi. It also offers insights into 18th-century Marathi language.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize 'Maza Pravas' as a primary source for the 1857 uprising and a reflection of 18th-century Marathi language and culture.

(4) Tourism can provide a source of livelihood.
Answer:
1. Tourists visit religious, historical and places of natural beauty. Job opportunities develop to meet the requirements of the tourists.
2. Guides are required to provide information about the place. Photographers take photos of the tourists wearing local costumes. Suppliers of such dresses are required.
3. Horse carts, cabs and other means of transport are required Which gives scope for transport business. Tourists buy local handicrafts. Hence the local handicraft and cottage industry gets promoted.
4. Hotel industry gets boosted. In short, the markets near the tourist centre develop. So, tourism can be a source of livelihood for local people.
In simple words: Tourism generates livelihoods by creating demand for various services like guiding, photography, transport, and local handicrafts, as well as boosting the hotel industry and local markets. This surge in activity creates numerous job opportunities for local communities at tourist destinations.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific examples of how tourism creates direct and indirect employment opportunities, such as guides, transport, and local industries.

Question 13.
Answer the following questions in 20 - 25 words:
(a) Write about the work of Thomas Cook.
Answer:

• Thomas Cook started group tours on commercial basis in the latter half of the 19th century.


• He took 600 people from Leicester to Loughborough by railway.


• Later, he successfully organised a round trip of Europe.


• He opened a travel agency and sold tourists tickets. He organised affordable tours and easy travel.

Thus, his ventures opened the doors for the development of modem tourism.
In simple words: Thomas Cook pioneered modern tourism in the 19th century by organizing commercial group tours, starting with a railway trip for 600 people. He later expanded to European round trips and established a travel agency, making affordable and easy travel accessible to many.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Thomas Cook's pioneering role in establishing commercial group tours and making travel accessible, which marked the beginning of modern tourism.

(b) What are the benefits of religious tourism?
Answer:
The following are the benefits of religious tourism:

• People staying in different parts of the world come together.


• They develop ties as they share the same faith and also feeling of unity develops.


• Religious places get importance and many social welfare projects are undertaken.


• As these places develop, the local business develops leading to improvement in the standard of living of the local people.

In simple words: Religious tourism fosters unity among people of shared faith from different regions, promotes social welfare projects in significant religious places, and stimulates local businesses, ultimately improving the standard of living for the local population.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the social benefits like unity and community development, alongside the economic upliftment of local areas through religious tourism.

(c) Write information on the tourists places in Maharashtra.
Answer:

Caves	Ajanta and Ellora caves, Verul, Bhaje, Kanheri caves
Temples	Pandharpur, Shirdi, Jejuri, Shegaon, Tuljapur, Kolhapur, Nashik, Paithan, Dehu, Alandi, Haji Malang, Mount Mary's Church.
Hill stations	Mahabaleshwar, Panchgani, Chikhaldara, Matheran, Lonavala, Khandala.
Dams	Koynanagar, Jayakwadi, Bhatghar, Chandoli, Panshet, Bhandara, Khadakwasla.
Sanctuaries	Dajipur Tadoba, Karnala.
Historical places	Raigad, Simhgad, Sindhudurg, Vijaydurg, Palace of Kolhapur, Janjeera, Memorials.

In simple words: Maharashtra offers diverse tourist attractions, including ancient caves like Ajanta and Ellora, numerous pilgrimage temples such as Pandharpur and Shirdi, scenic hill stations like Mahabaleshwar and Matheran, significant dams like Koynanagar, wildlife sanctuaries including Dajipur Tadoba, and historical sites like Raigad Fort and Kolhapur Palace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize the tourist places (e.g., caves, temples, hill stations) and provide at least two examples for each category in Maharashtra.

(d) What is Sports Tourism?
Answer:
1. Sports tourism developed in the 20th century. It involves travelling either to participate in a sporting event or to watch the event.
2. Various sports events are organised at local and state level for different inter school competitions. National level Sports Competitions are also held. International cricket, hockey and football tournaments are held at regular intervals.
3. Wimbledon, French Open, Australian Open and US Open lawn tennis tournaments are held. Every four years, Olympics and Asian Games are held in the country which is the host. Events like the Himalayan car rally at the national level and Maharashtra Kesari at the state level are held.
4. Travelling to participate in these events as players, coaches, umpires, referees, organisers or to attend them as spectators come under sports tourism.
In simple words: Sports tourism, a 20th-century development, involves traveling to participate in or spectate various sporting events, from local school competitions to international tournaments like the Olympics or Wimbledon. This includes travel by players, coaches, officials, or fans to engage with sports.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define sports tourism clearly, differentiate between participation and spectating, and provide examples of various levels of sporting events (local, national, international).

Question 14.
Read the following passage and answer the following questions:
(a) Complete the graphical presentation:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक अवधारणा मानचित्र (कांसेप्ट चार्ट) है जो भीलार गाँव की विशेषताओं को दर्शाता है। शीर्ष पर "Speciality of Bhilar Village" लिखा है, जिसके नीचे दो बॉक्स हैं। एक बॉक्स में "Place of natural beauty" लिखा है, और दूसरे बॉक्स में "Production of sweet strawberry on large scale" लिखा है। यह आरेख गाँव की दो प्रमुख विशिष्टताओं - उसकी प्राकृतिक सुंदरता और बड़े पैमाने पर स्ट्रॉबेरी उत्पादन - को उजागर करता है।
Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह भीलार गाँव की विशिष्टताओं को दर्शाने वाला एक पूर्ण किया गया अवधारणा मानचित्र है। केंद्र में "Speciality of Bhilar Village" है, जिससे दो शाखाएँ निकलती हैं। पहली शाखा "Place of natural beauty" को इंगित करती है, और दूसरी शाखा "Production of sweet strawberry on large scale" को दर्शाती है। यह आरेख भीलार गाँव की पहचान के दो मुख्य स्तंभों को स्पष्ट रूप से प्रस्तुत करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing a concept map, identify the central theme and accurately branch out its key components based on the provided text, ensuring clarity and conciseness in labels.

(b) What types of books are there in the Village of Books?
Answer:
In the Village of Books, we find books of old and new authors and saints, ranging from biographies, autobiographies, fiction, poetry literature by women, literature on sports and literature for kids. as Village of
In simple words: The Village of Books houses a diverse collection, including works by old and new authors and saints. Its literary range covers biographies, autobiographies, fiction, poetry, literature by women, sports literature, and children's books, offering something for every reader.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing types of books, ensure to cover the full spectrum mentioned, from genres to authors and target audiences.

(c) Why is Bhilar village known as Village of Books?
Answer:

• Each household in this village maintains a library of its own.


• Tourists enjoy reading these books.


• Maharashtra Government has kept these books in every household so that it becomes easy for the tourists to take and read.


• It is done with a view to accelerate the 'Reading Culture' movement to enjoy Marcrthi literature.

Hence, the village is known as 'Village of Books'.
In simple words: Bhilar village is known as the 'Village of Books' because every household maintains a library accessible to tourists, facilitated by the Maharashtra Government to promote a 'Reading Culture' and enjoyment of Marathi literature. This unique initiative allows visitors to easily access and read books throughout the village.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the key initiatives - individual household libraries and government support - that led to Bhilar being designated as the 'Village of Books'.

Question 15.
Give elaborate answers to the following:
(a) Explain the benefits of increasing tourism.
Answer:
Tourism not only benefits an individual but also a country.

• Tourism is an industry which has potential to generate maximum employment.


• New markets are created leading to the development of tourist sites.


• Urbanisation takes place giving rise to new colonies.


• The country earns foreign exchange.


• Handicraft and cottage industry gets a boost.


• Visiting different sites, meeting people speaking different languages and knowing different cultures increases tolerance and peace.


• We get information when we visit places of historical importance and natural beauty. It widens our perspective.


• When we visit historical places we come to know about the glorious past which gives us inspiration to build a bright future.


• It emphasises the need that we have to take care of our heritage.


• Tourism gives us a feeling of personal and collective fulfillment.

In simple words: Increasing tourism offers numerous benefits, including significant job creation, development of new markets and infrastructure, and the generation of foreign exchange for the country. It also boosts local handicraft industries, broadens cultural understanding, inspires appreciation for history and heritage, and provides personal and collective satisfaction.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer by categorizing benefits into economic (employment, foreign exchange), social (tolerance, cultural understanding), and personal (inspiration, fulfillment).

(b) Explain the purpose of tourism.
Answer:
Tourism has several purposes and inspiration behind it. They are as follows:

• To see historical monuments forts and cities discovered during excavations. To visit centres promoting ancient art and craft, museums.


• To visit different pilgrim centres, sea beaches, mountain ranges, valleys, snow-capped peaks, pristine jungles.


• To visit special plateaus like Kas plateau, museums, lakes formed because of meteoric impact and valleys of flowers.


• Places of natural beauty gives us enjoyment and experiences which connects us to nature.


• To visit different industrial sites.


• To see medicinal plants and avail of ayurvedic therapies.


• To visit places to see agricultural projects, visit to see agricultural research centres and making of compost pits.


• To travel to watch sports events which comes under sports tourism. To be. part of dance-music, festival or watch as audience, which is cultural tourism.


• People also visit places to attend film festivals, witness the making of movies, science seminars, international conferences, book exhibitions and literary events.

In short, the purpose of tourism differs from person to person. It is explored as per individual interest.
In simple words: The purpose of tourism is highly varied, driven by individual interests ranging from exploring historical sites, art centers, and natural wonders like mountains and beaches, to visiting industrial sites, seeking Ayurvedic therapies, engaging in agro-tourism, attending sports events, or participating in cultural and intellectual gatherings like film festivals and seminars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a wide range of motivations for tourism, covering historical, natural, cultural, educational, and recreational aspects, emphasizing that purposes vary individually.

(c) What measures should be taken to conserve historical monuments?
Answer:
Historical monuments and ancient historical sources constitute our cultural heritage.
The following measures should be taken to conserve them:

• Seepage of water in forts and in rock-cut caves should be stopped. Creepers which grow on forts should be uprooted.


• Damages due to humidity and heat should be stopped with proper measures.


• To take precautions to avoid deterioration of monuments near the sea because of salt.


• Hygiene should be maintained at tourist sites.


• One should be fined for writing names, carving or defacing the monument in ary manner.


• Government should take measures to avoid the monuments getting vandalised.


• Awareness should be created among the people about the need to preserve monuments.


• Along with government, people and private sectors should contribute to raise funds for the preservation of projects.

In simple words: To conserve historical monuments, measures include preventing water seepage, controlling damage from humidity and salt, ensuring cleanliness, and penalizing vandalism. Crucially, it requires government action, public awareness, and collective contributions from both private and public sectors for funding preservation projects.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on a balanced approach including physical maintenance, protective measures against natural and human damage, public awareness, and financial contributions from multiple stakeholders.

(d) Distinguish between Local tourism and International tourism.
Answer:

Local/Interstate Tourism	International Tourism
1. Travelling within our country is local tourism.	1. Crossing border and going overseas means international tourism.
2. There is no need to seek the government's permission or paperwork.	2. Visa is required to travel to a foreign country. Visa is not granted unless we complete all paperwork. It is essential to keep documents with us.
3. Local tourism is hassle-free as the land is known to us.	3. Having no acquaintances with the people or land can create challenges.
4. No need for currency exchange	4. Currency exchange is required.
5. We can make changes in the itinerary to suit our convenience.	5. Fixed itinerary has to be followed. We cannot make any changes to it.
6. Language, mostly, is not an obstacle. We can communicate in our mother tongue or in the national language.	6. Language can be an obstacle. One should know the language of that country if one wants to interact with locals or at least be well versed in English.
7. We can extend our stay if we desire to.	7. Our stay in a foreign country cannot be extended. It has a fixed time duration as long as permission is granted.

In simple words: Local tourism involves travel within one's own country, requiring no special permissions, currency exchange, or language adjustments, and offers itinerary flexibility and extended stays. International tourism, conversely, means crossing borders, necessitates visas, currency exchange, and language adaptation, with usually fixed itineraries and limited stay durations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use a comparative table format to clearly highlight the differences in terms of geographical scope, documentation, logistical challenges, currency, and flexibility.

(e) What facilities should be made available to the tourists?
Answer:
The following facilities should be provided to tourists:
Facilities for tourists:

• Safe and secured transport facilities, translators and guides.


• Ensure safety of the tourists.


• Good and clean hotels and eateries. Clean drinking water at various places of visit.


• Good washrooms on the travel routes and at tourists sites.


• Care should be taken that tourists do not endure physical or mental distress.


• Tourists should not be cheated when they make purchases.

In simple words: Tourists should be provided with safe transport, translation services, qualified guides, secure accommodations, hygienic food and water, and clean washrooms. Furthermore, their safety and well-being should be ensured, preventing any physical or mental distress, and protecting them from dishonest practices during purchases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on a comprehensive list covering essential needs like safety, transport, accommodation, hygiene, and ethical treatment of tourists.

(f) How would you behave with the tourists if you are the local person at a tourist site?
Answer:
Tourists visit any tourist site having faith in the local people:

• I will behave well with the tourists. I will extend my cooperation.


• I will inform them about the tourist places, known to me, which things they can buy and where.


• I will be careful that they face no problems.

In simple words: As a local, I would behave respectfully and cooperatively with tourists, sharing information about local attractions and suitable shopping spots. My priority would be to ensure they have a problem-free and enjoyable experience, reinforcing their trust in the local community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize hospitality, helpfulness, and integrity as key behaviors when interacting with tourists to ensure a positive experience.

(g) What kind of new occupations were introduced in the surroundings of your village/ town because of growing tourism?
Answer:
The following job opportunities were created in the surroundings of my town because of growing tourism:

• The number of tourist guides, porters increased.


• More services of autorickshaw, taxi, horse-to ride, horse carts, etc. were provided.


• New hotels and shops selling food items came up in vicinity.


• Juice and cold drink centres were started.


• Milk, vegetables and tea stalls were set up.


• New shops selling handicraft and local things opened.

In simple words: Growing tourism in my area created various new jobs, including an increase in tourist guides and porters, expansion of transport services like autorickshaws and horse carts, and the establishment of new hotels, food stalls, juice centers, and shops selling local handicrafts and other goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a diverse list of new occupations that arise directly and indirectly from increased tourist activity, covering services, food, and local products.

(h) What difference can be observed in the lifestyle of people in the surroundings of your village-town because of growing tourism?
Answer:
Tourism improves standard of living of the people:

• Small towns transform into urban cities.


• Standard of living improves to great extent.


• Modern housing colonies come up in place of small houses.


• Different types of business as prosper.


• Artists get promoted which helps in sale of their artefacts.


• Number of two-wheelers and four-wheelers increase.


• I have observed these changes in the surroundings of my town.

In simple words: Growing tourism significantly enhances the lifestyle of local people; small towns evolve into urban centers, leading to an improved standard of living, the emergence of modern housing, and the prosperity of various businesses. Additionally, it promotes local artists by boosting the sale of their artifacts and increases vehicle ownership.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on socio-economic indicators of change, such as urbanization, improved living standards, business prosperity, and cultural promotion, showing a holistic impact of tourism.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक जटिल स्मृति मानचित्र है जो पर्यटन और इतिहास के विभिन्न पहलुओं को आपस में जोड़ता है। यह पर्यटन के अर्थ, यूरोपीय यात्रियों जैसे बेंजामिन टुडेला और मार्को पोलो की परंपराओं, पर्यटन के प्रकार (स्थानीय, अंतरराज्यीय, अंतर्राष्ट्रीय), पर्यटन के विकास के उद्देश्य और पर्यटन के व्यावसायिक अवसरों को दर्शाता है। मानचित्र में ऐतिहासिक पर्यटन, कृषि-पर्यटन, स्वास्थ्य पर्यटन, खेल पर्यटन, सांस्कृतिक पर्यटन और शैक्षिक पर्यटन के विभिन्न प्रकारों का भी उल्लेख है। यह हेरिटेज वॉक, महाराष्ट्र पर्यटन निगम बोर्ड और भीलार गाँव जैसे विशिष्ट बिंदुओं के साथ विरासत के संरक्षण पर भी प्रकाश डालता है।

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह महाराष्ट्र के विभिन्न पर्यटक स्थलों को दर्शाने वाला एक अवधारणा मानचित्र है। मानचित्र में प्रमुख श्रेणियों के रूप में रॉक-कट गुफाएँ, हिल स्टेशन, बांध, ऐतिहासिक स्थान, धार्मिक स्थान और अभयारण्य शामिल हैं। यह महाराष्ट्र में पर्यटन की विस्तृत श्रृंखला का एक दृश्य प्रतिनिधित्व प्रदान करता है, जो छात्रों को राज्य के भीतर विभिन्न प्रकार के पर्यटक स्थलों को समझने में मदद करता है।