Maharashtra Board Class 10 History Chapter 6 Entertainment and History Solutions

Entertainment And History Question Answer Class 10 History Chapter 6 Maharashtra Board

Std 10 History Chapter 6 Question Answer Entertainment And History Maharashtra Board

Class 10 History Chapter 6 Entertainment And History Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 10 Chapter 6 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Question 1.(A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement.
(1) .......... are supposed to be the first keertankar in Maharashtra.
(a) Saint Dnyanehshwar
(b) Saint Tukaram
(c) Saint Namdev
(d) Saint Eknath
Answer: (c) Saint Namdev
In simple words: Saint Namdev is traditionally considered the first keertankar in Maharashtra, pioneering the devotional singing tradition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key figures associated with the origins of cultural traditions like Keertan for direct recall questions.

 

Question 1.(A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement.
(2) Baburao painter made the movie, .......................... .
(a) Pundalik
(b) Raja Harischandra
(c) Sairandhri
(d) Bajirao-Mastani
Answer: (c) Sairandhri
In simple words: Baburao Painter, a significant figure in early Indian cinema, directed the movie 'Sairandhri'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific contributions of pioneers in art and cinema are important historical facts.

 

Question 1.(B) Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set.
(1) Raigadala Jevha Jag Yete - Vasant Kanetkar
(2) Tilak Ani Agarkar - Vishram Bedekar
(3) Sashtang Namaskar - Acharya Atre
(4) Ekach Pyala - Annasaheb Kirloskar
Answer: (4) Wrong Pair: Ekach Pyala - Annasaheb Kirloskar
In simple words: The play 'Ekach Pyala' was written by Ram Ganesh Gadkari, not Annasaheb Kirloskar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing authors and their works is crucial for matching type questions, especially for prominent literary figures.

 

Question 2.Complete the following chart.

	Bhajan	Keertan	Lalit	Bharud
Characteristics
Examples

Answer:

Sr.No.	Point	Bhajan	Keertan	Lalit	Bharud
1	Characteristics	Singing songs in praise of God and chanting his name accompanied by Taal (Cymbals), Pakhvaj and Mridangam	(1) Naman and Nirupanacha Abhang and Nirupan comprise the Poorvarang (2) Narration of a story to illustrate main theme is Uttarrang	(1) Deity is invoked during festival to fulfill desire (2) It is performed in a theatrical style. Stories of Krishna, Rama and great devotees are presented during performances	It is a metaphorical song with spiritual and ethical teachings.
2	Examples	Bhajans of Saint Tulsidas, Saint Tukadoji Maharaj and Saint Namdev	Naraadiya Keertan and Mahatma Phule's Keertan	Popular in Konkan and Goa	Bharuds of Saints Eknath, Namdev and Dnyaneshwar.

In simple words: This table categorizes four traditional forms of entertainment - Bhajan, Keertan, Lalit, and Bharud - by outlining their characteristics and providing examples of their practitioners or regions of popularity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the distinct features and examples of different folk art forms helps in comparative analysis and chart completion questions.

 

Question 3.Write short notes:
(1) Need of entertainment
Answer:
• Entertainment of excellent quality is essential for healthy growth of a person as it is an integral part of one's life.
• To break the boredom of routine life and keep the mind lively and fresh we need some entertainment.
• It makes us us feel more energetic and our efficiency at- work improves.
• Hobbies and games are pursued for entertainment which eventually develops personality.
• Entertainment refreshes our mind and helps to distress.
• Lack of entertainment in one's life will lead to monotonous life and boredom.
In simple words: Entertainment is vital for human well-being, breaking monotony, boosting energy, developing personality, reducing stress, and preventing boredom in daily life.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about the 'need' for something, focus on the benefits and the negative consequences of its absence.

 

Question 3.Write short notes:
(2) Marathi Theatre
Answer:
• Theatre is a place devoted to performances either solo or collective, of performing arts.
• The 19th century saw a great development of the Marathi Theatre.
• Vishnudas Bhave was known as the father of the Marathi Theatre.
• In the initial years historical, mythological plays were performed along with light farcical plays.
• The plays had no written script.
• The tradition of having a complete written script began with the play 'Thorale Madhavrao Peshwe' in 1861.
• At the end of 19th century, the tradition of musical plays started.
• Historical themes and social problems were presented through these plays.
• The popular plays by Acharya Atre like Udyacha Sansar, Gharabaher helped the Marathi theatre to sustain through a temporary decline. Vasant Kanetkar, Vishram Bedekar, Acharya Atre, enriched the Marathi theatre.
In simple words: Marathi Theatre flourished in the 19th century, with Vishnudas Bhave recognized as its founder, evolving from unscripted mythological and farcical plays to include written scripts and musical performances addressing historical and social themes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlighting key pioneers, historical periods, and the evolution of the art form makes for a comprehensive short note.

 

Question 3.Write short notes:
(3) Entertainment and professional opportunities
Answer:
• There are many professions associated with theatre and cinema.
• Professional hairstylists, costume designers, make-up artists, art directors who put up stage backdrops are required in theatre.
• Directors, technicians, actors, lightmen, costume and jewellery designers and assistants are required too. Experts in music and script writers, singers are required.
• Cinema requires all of them along with dance directors, singers, cameramen, dialogue writers and story writers. Scholars of history can work in this field as art directors.
In simple words: The entertainment industry offers diverse professional opportunities in fields like theatre and cinema, requiring specialized skills from actors, directors, technicians, designers, writers, and historical consultants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing specific job roles and their relevance to the entertainment sector demonstrates a clear understanding of professional opportunities.

 

Question 4.Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) Expertise in history is important in the film industry.
Answer:
It is essential to have knowledge of history while making films on historical events or a person.
• If the movie has a historical theme then art directors are required to create backdrop designs showcasing the atmosphere of that period.
• To write movie dialogues, the knowledge of the culture and language as spoken in that period is necessary.
• It is important to have knowledge of appropriate hairstyles, costumes, jewellery make-up of that era.
• Scholars of history are required who can work as art directors or as consultants to the art director.
• Experts in field of history can find many professional opportunities.
In simple words: Historical expertise is crucial in filmmaking to ensure authenticity in art direction, dialogues, costumes, and overall cultural representation, thus creating believable portrayals of past events and personalities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific examples for how history contributes to film production, such as costume design, dialogue, and set decoration.

 

Question 4.Explain the following statements with reasons.
(2) Bharuds composed by Saint Eknath are popular in Maharashtra.
Answer:
• Saint Eknath composed Bharuds with the purpose of educating people on various aspects of life.
• Bharuds composed by Saint Eknath had a wide range of subjects, dramatic quality, easy rhythm and humour.
• People liked the way it was performed.
• A message was given in a humorous way.
In simple words: Saint Eknath's Bharuds were popular because they effectively conveyed moral and ethical teachings through dramatic, rhythmic, and humorous narratives, engaging people on various life aspects.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the unique characteristics (educational purpose, dramatic quality, humor) that made Saint Eknath's Bharuds widely appealing.

 

Question 5.Answer the following questions in detail.
(1) Why is Maharashtra known as the land that nurtured the Indian film industry?
Answer:
1. The contribution of Madanrao Madhavrao Pitale, the Patwardhan family of Kalyan and Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatvadekar is very important in the development of Indian movies.
2. Dadasaheb Torane, A. E Karandikar, S. N. Patankar, V. E Divekar sought help from foreign technicians and made a movie entitled Pundalik. It was released in Mumbai in 1912.
3. 'Raja Harischandra' was the first movie to be processed completely in India. It was released in Mumbai in 1913.
4. The credit of making a full-length movie goes to Maharashtra.
Therefore Maharashtra is known as the land that nurtured the Indian film industry.
In simple words: Maharashtra is considered the birthplace of the Indian film industry due to the pioneering efforts of individuals like Dadasaheb Torane and Dadasaheb Phalke, who produced India's first fully processed film, 'Raja Harischandra', in Mumbai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning key historical figures and specific milestones, like the first Indian film, strengthens the answer about Maharashtra's role.

 

Question 5.Answer the following questions in detail.
(2) What is Powada?
Answer:
1. Powada is a dramatic narration by alternatingly reciting poetry and prosaic extracts. Powada narrates great deeds of heroic men and women in a very forceful and inspiring style.
2. The Powada composed by - Adnyandas, a contemporary poet of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj which narrated the incident of Afzal Khan's death and battle of Simhgarh composed by Tulsidas are very famous.
3. In the British period, Powadas narrating the stories of Umaji Naik, Chaphekar brothers and Mahatma Gandhi were composed.
4. During the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement the Powadas were used as medium of creating public awareness.
In simple words: Powada is a traditional dramatic ballad form that combines poetry and prose to narrate heroic tales, notably used to inspire and create public awareness, especially during historical movements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define Powada by its form (poetry and prose), content (heroic deeds), and historical significance (public awareness campaigns).

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(a) In the 18th century, .......................... started a Phad of Dashavatara artists which used to perform all over Maharashtra.
(a) Saint Gadge Maharaj
(b) Adnyandas
(c) Tulsidas
(d) Shyamiji Naik Kale
Answer: (d) Shyamiji Naik Kale
In simple words: Shyamiji Naik Kale established a troupe of Dashavatara artists in the 18th century, popularizing this folk theatre across Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific individuals with their contributions to the development of regional art forms.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(b) Traditionally, .......................... is supposed to be the founder of keertan tradition.
(a) Saint Namdev
(b) Saint Eknath
(c) Naradmuni
(d) Saint Gadge Maharaj
Answer: (c) Naradmuni
In simple words: Naradmuni is traditionally revered as the mythical originator of the Keertan devotional singing tradition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify legendary or traditional founders associated with religious and cultural practices.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(c) The Powada composed by the poet .......................... on the incident of the killing of Afzal Khan is well-known.
(a) Adnyandas
(b) Tulsidas
(c) Ramdas
(d) Surdas
Answer: (a) Adnyandas.
In simple words: The Powada by Adnyandas, detailing the killing of Afzal Khan, is a famous historical narrative in Marathi literature.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link specific historical events with the poets or artists who memorialized them through their works.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(d) Compositions of .......................... are not part of Bhajans sung in Karnataka.
(a) Purandardas
(b) Surdah
(c) Bodhendraguruswami
(d) Thyagraj
Answer: (b) Surdas
In simple words: Surdas's compositions, primarily in Braj Bhasha, are associated with North Indian devotional music, unlike the South Indian tradition prevalent in Karnataka.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between regional origins and influences of various devotional composers and their musical traditions.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(e) Varkari sect has developed a glorious tradition of .......................... by chanting God's name.
(a) Powada
(b) Dashavatari Natak
(c) Bhajan-Keertan
(d) Bharud
Answer: (c) Bhajan-Keertan
In simple words: The Varkari sect extensively utilizes Bhajan-Keertan as its primary method of devotion, characterized by collective chanting and singing the names of God.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core devotional practices of religious sects and their associated art forms.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(f) Powada composed by Tulsidas on the battle of .......................... is very well known.
(a) Panhala
(b) Raigarh
(c) Pratapgad
(d) Simhgarh
Answer: (d) Simhgarh
In simple words: Tulsidas's Powada vividly narrates the heroic battle of Simhgarh, making it a prominent piece in Marathi historical ballads.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect historical battles with the specific literary works that commemorate them and their authors.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(g) Powadas composed by .......................... were not the part of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement.
(a) Amarsheikh
(b) Patthe Bapurao
(c) Annabhau Sathe
(d) Gawankar
Answer: (b) Patthe Bapurao
In simple words: Patthe Bapurao's Powadas, while significant, were generally not associated with the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, unlike other prominent folk artists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between artists whose works were politically charged during specific movements and those whose contributions were more general or earlier.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(h) .......................... is known as the Father of Marathi theatre.
(a) V. J. Kirtane
(b) Dattopant Patwardhan
(c) Vishnudas Bhave
(d) Annasaheb Kirloskar
Answer: (c) Vishnudas Bhave.
In simple words: Vishnudas Bhave is widely regarded as the foundational figure and "Father" of modern Marathi theatre, having presented the first Marathi play.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key titles like "Father of..." are important and usually attributed to individuals who made foundational contributions.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(i) .......................... started the tradition of having a complete written script.
(a) V. J. Kirtane
(b) Vishnudas Bhave
(c) Shripad Krishna Kolhatkar
(d) Govind Ballal Deval
Answer: (a) V. J. Kirtane
In simple words: V. J. Kirtane is credited with introducing the concept of a complete written script for plays in Marathi theatre, marking a significant shift from improvisational performances.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note important innovations and the individuals responsible for them in the evolution of art forms.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(j) In the latter half of the 19th century, .......................... made special efforts to introduce classical khyal music in Maharashtra.
(a) Bhimsen Joshi
(b) Kumar Gandharva
(c) Kishori Amonkar
(d) Balkrishnabuva Ichalkaranjikar
Answer: (d) Balkrishnabuva Ichalkaranjikar
In simple words: Balkrishnabuva Ichalkaranjikar played a crucial role in popularizing classical Khayal music in Maharashtra during the late 19th century.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the contributions of prominent musicians in spreading specific classical music forms in different regions.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(k) In India, .......................... is the first one to make a cine camera.
(a) Anandrao Painter
(b) Baburao Painter
(c) Dadasaheb Torne
(d) Dadasaheb Phalke
Answer: (a) Anandrao Painter
In simple words: Anandrao Painter holds the distinction of being the first person in India to create a cine camera.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize individual technical innovations that laid the groundwork for significant industries like cinema.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(l) In 1925, .......................... made a movie Bajirao Mastani, which was later on banned by the British Government under the suspicion of spreading nationalistic sentiments.
(a) Sanjay Leela Bhansali
(b) Dadasaheb Phalke
(c) Baburao Painter
(d) Bhalaji Pendharkar
Answer: (d) Bhalaji Pendharkar
In simple words: Bhalaji Pendharkar directed the 1925 film 'Bajirao Mastani', which faced a ban from the British government for its perceived nationalistic undertones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link specific films and their directors with the historical context of censorship or political impact.

 

Question 6.Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(m) .......................... was the first woman producer of Marathi movies.
(a) Kamalabai Mangarulkar
(b) Devika Rani
(c) Amirbai Karnataki
(d) Kanandevi
Answer: (a) Kamalabai Mangarulkar.
In simple words: Kamalabai Mangarulkar is celebrated as the first woman producer in Marathi cinema, breaking new ground for women in the industry.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying trailblazers, especially women in pioneering roles, is crucial for questions on social and historical milestones.

 

Question 7.Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:
(1)

Name of the Play	Playwright
(1) Raygadala Jevha Jag Yete	Vasant Kanetkar
(2) Tilak Ani Agarkar	Vishram Bedekar
(3) Sashtang Namaskar	Acharya Atre
(4) Ekach Pyala	Annasaheb Kirloskar

Answer:
Wrong pair: Ekach Pyala - Annasaheb Kirloskar
In simple words: The play 'Ekach Pyala' was authored by Ram Ganesh Gadkari, not Annasaheb Kirloskar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to author-work associations, as errors often stem from misattributing famous literary pieces.

 

Question 7.Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:
(2)

First release	Movie
(1) First full length movie released in India	Raja Harishchandra
(2) First historical film in India	Simhgarh
(3) Movie dealing with real social issues	Savkari Pash
(4) Indian movie which got international acclaim	Saint Dnyaneshwar

Answer:
Wrong pair: Indian movie which got international acclaim - Saint Dnyaneshwar
In simple words: 'Saint Dnyaneshwar' did not receive international acclaim as listed; early international acclaim went to other films.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately recall the landmark achievements of Indian cinema, distinguishing between domestic success and international recognition.

 

Question 7.Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:
(3)

Film producer	Produced Biographical Movies on
(1) Acharya Atre	Ram Shastri
(2) Vishram Bedekar	Vasudev Balwant Phadke
(3) Dinakar D. Patil	Dhanya te Santaji Dhanaji
(4) Prabhakar Pendharkar	Bal Shivaji

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Acharya Atre - Ram Shashtri
In simple words: The film based on Ram Shastri was produced by Prabhakar Pendharkar, not Acharya Atre.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the producers and the biographical subjects of their films, as historical figures are often subjects for multiple filmmakers.

 

Question 7.Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:
(4)

(1) Keechakvadh	Krishnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar
(2) Ekach Pyala	Ram Ganesh Gadkari
(3) Ithe Oshalala Mrutyu	Vasant Kanetkar
(4) Natasamrat	Vijay Tendulkar

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Natasamrat -Vijay Tendulkar
In simple words: The renowned play 'Natasamrat' was written by Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar (Kusumagraj), not Vijay Tendulkar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately associate famous plays with their correct playwrights, as these are common knowledge in literary history.

 

Question 7.Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:
(5)

Work	Saint
(1) Gave momentum to the Bhakti movement in Gujarat	Saint Kabir
(2) First Keertankar of Maharashtra	Saint Namdev
(3) Popularised Khanjiri Bhajan	Saint Tukdoji Maharaj
(4) Tradition of Rashtriya Keertan was started	Dattopant Patwardhan

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Gave momentum to Bhakti movement in Gujarat - Saint Kabir
In simple words: While Saint Kabir was influential in the Bhakti movement, Saint Narsi Mehta is more prominently associated with giving momentum to the Bhakti movement in Gujarat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the regional impact and specific contributions of different Bhakti saints.

 

Question 7.Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:
(6)

(1) The first play in Marathi	Seetaswayamvar
(2) First play having complete written script	Thorale Madhavrao
(3) Metaphorical Drama	Udyacha Sanskar
(4) Play based on Shakespeare's King Lear	Natasamrat

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Metaphorical Drama-Udyacha Sanskar.
In simple words: 'Udyacha Sanskar' is a significant Marathi play by Acharya Atre but is not typically categorized primarily as a metaphorical drama in the same vein as some other symbolic works.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately classify plays based on their primary dramatic style or genre, such as historical, mythological, social, or metaphorical.

 

Question 7.Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:
(7)

Name of the Play	Playwright
(1) Thorale Madhavrao Peshwe	V. J. Kirtane
(2) Ekach Pyala	Annasaheb Kirloskar
(3) Sangeet Sharada	Shripad Krishna Kolhatkar
(4) Sangeet Manapaman	Krishnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Sangeet Sharada - Shripad Krishna Kolhatkar
In simple words: 'Sangeet Sharada' was written by Govind Ballal Deval, not Shripad Krishna Kolhatkar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Master the association of well-known musical plays ('Sangeet Natak') with their correct authors to avoid common errors.

 

Question 8.Complete the graphical presentation:
(a) Prepare concept map on:
(1) Types of Puppets:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'कठपुतली के प्रकार' का एक अवधारणा मानचित्र (कांसेप्ट मैप) दर्शाता है। केंद्र में 'Types of Puppets' लिखा है, जिससे चार शाखाएँ निकलकर विभिन्न प्रकार की कठपुतलियों को दर्शाती हैं: Shadow puppets, Hand puppets, Wooden puppets, और String puppets।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'कठपुतली के प्रकार' का एक पूर्ण अवधारणा मानचित्र (कांसेप्ट मैप) दर्शाता है। केंद्र में 'Types of Puppets' लिखा है, जिससे चार मुख्य शाखाएँ निकलकर कठपुतलियों के विभिन्न प्रकारों को स्पष्ट रूप से इंगित करती हैं: Shadow puppets (छाया कठपुतली), Hand puppets (हाथ कठपुतली), Wooden puppets (लकड़ी की कठपुतली), और String puppets (धागे वाली कठपुतली)।
In simple words: The completed concept map illustrates that puppets can be categorized into various types, including shadow, hand, wooden, and string puppets.

🎯 Exam Tip: For concept maps, ensure all branches are correctly identified and categorized under the central theme.

 

Question 8.Complete the graphical presentation:
(a) Prepare concept map on:
(2) Saints who popularised Bhajans:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'संत जिन्होंने भजन को लोकप्रिय बनाया' का एक अवधारणा मानचित्र (कांसेप्ट मैप) दर्शाता है। केंद्र में 'Saints who popularised Bhajans' लिखा है, जिससे चार शाखाएँ निकलकर विभिन्न क्षेत्रों को दर्शाती हैं: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, और North India। प्रत्येक क्षेत्र के नीचे संतों के नाम भरने के लिए रिक्त स्थान हैं।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'संत जिन्होंने भजन को लोकप्रिय बनाया' का एक पूर्ण अवधारणा मानचित्र (कांसेप्ट मैप) दर्शाता है। केंद्र में 'Saints who popularised Bhajans' लिखा है, जिससे विभिन्न क्षेत्रों की शाखाएँ निकलती हैं: महाराष्ट्र (जिसके अंतर्गत संत तुकाराम महाराज आते हैं), गुजरात (जिसके अंतर्गत संत नरसी मेहता आते हैं), कर्नाटक (जिसके अंतर्गत संत पुरंदरदास आते हैं), और उत्तर भारत (जिसके अंतर्गत संत तुलसीदास आते हैं)।
In simple words: The completed concept map shows that various saints popularized bhajans across different regions: Saint Tukdoji Maharaj in Maharashtra, Saint Narsi Mehta in Gujarat, Saint Purandardas in Karnataka, and Saint Tulsidas in North India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately map saints to their respective regions to show comprehensive knowledge of regional Bhakti traditions.

 

Question 8.Complete the graphical presentation:
(a) Prepare concept map on:
(3) Plays by famous Playwrights:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'प्रसिद्ध नाटककारों के नाटक' का एक अवधारणा मानचित्र (कांसेप्ट मैप) दर्शाता है। केंद्र में 'Plays by famous Playwrights' लिखा है, जिससे विभिन्न नाटककारों (जैसे अन्नसाहेब किर्लोस्कर, गोविंद बल्लाल देवल, कृष्णजी प्रभाकर खाडिलकर, श्रीपाद कृष्ण कोल्हाटकर) और उनके नाटकों (जो रिक्त स्थानों में भरने हैं) की शाखाएँ निकलती हैं।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'प्रसिद्ध नाटककारों के नाटक' का एक पूर्ण अवधारणा मानचित्र (कांसेप्ट मैप) दर्शाता है। केंद्र में 'Plays by famous Playwrights' लिखा है। अन्नसाहेब किर्लोस्कर के नाटक 'संगीत शाकुंतल' और 'संगीत मूकनायक' हैं। गोविंद बल्लाल देवल और श्रीपाद कृष्ण कोल्हाटकर दोनों के अंतर्गत 'संगीत शारदा' आता है, और कृष्णजी प्रभाकर खाडिलकर का नाटक 'संगीत मनपमान' है।
In simple words: The completed concept map lists famous Marathi plays and their playwrights, such as Sangeet Shakuntal and Sangeet Mooknayak by Annasaheb Kirloskar, Sangeet Sharada by Govind Ballal Deval and Shripad Krishna Kolhatkar, and Sangeet Manapaman by Krishnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cross-referencing plays with their authors is essential for accuracy in such mapping questions.

 

Question 8.
Complete the graphical presentation:
(b) Prepare a flow chart on the development of Marathi Theatre:
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह फ्लोचार्ट मराठी थिएटर के विकास को दर्शाता है। यह विष्णुदास भावे द्वारा प्रस्तुत पहले नाटक 'सीतास्वयंवर' से शुरू होता है, जिसके बाद ऐतिहासिक, पौराणिक और प्रहसन नाटकों का मंचन हुआ। इसमें बताया गया है कि 1861 में वी.जे. कीर्तने ने 'थोरले माधवराव पेशवे' नामक पहला पूर्ण लिखित नाटक लिखा, और फिर कई संगीतमय नाटक मंच पर आए, जिससे मराठी रंगमंच ऐतिहासिक और सामाजिक नाटकों से समृद्ध हुआ।
In simple words: The flow chart illustrates the evolution of Marathi theatre, from its beginnings with Vishnudas Bhave's 'Seetaswayamvar' to the development of written scripts and musical plays, leading to a rich theatrical tradition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the chronological development of Marathi theatre, including key figures and milestones, is crucial for scoring well on historical context questions.

 

Question 9.
Explain the concept:
(1) Dashavatara Theatre:
Answer:
• The stories presented in Dashavatara shows are based on the ten incarnations of Vishnu.
• The method of acting, make-up, costumes in Dashavatara show is set by the tradition.
• It is mostly a musical show but there may be a few spontaneous dialogues.
• At the beginning of the show, Sutradhar, the narrator invokes Lord Ganesha, for its successful run.
• Dashavatara is part of the folk theatre in Maharashtra which has its origin in mythological plays.
In simple words: Dashavatara theatre is a traditional Maharashtrian folk art form based on the ten avatars of Vishnu. It's primarily a musical show with traditional acting, make-up, and costumes, beginning with an invocation to Lord Ganesha.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the core characteristics of Dashavatara theatre – its mythological basis, musical nature, and traditional elements – to accurately describe it.

 

(2) Bhajan:
Answer:
• Singing songs in praise of God and chanting God's name accompanied by instruments like taal (cymbals), mridangam, pakhavaj is known as Bhajan.
• Bhajan is an important element of devotional music for those who are on the path of devotion.
• Varkari sect made Bhajans accessible to all.
• There are two types of Bhajans, Chakri and Songi BhajAnswer:
• Devotees keep moving in circular fashion and without break in Chakri Bhajan.
• In Songi Bhajan, singer-actors act as devotees and deliver dialogues in the form of devotional songs.
In simple words: Bhajan is a devotional musical form involving singing praises to God, often accompanied by instruments like cymbals and mridangam. It's a key part of spiritual practice, with types like Chakri and Songi Bhajan, the latter incorporating acting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the types of Bhajans (Chakri and Songi) and their specific performance styles, as this detail is often assessed.

 

(3) Bharud:
Answer:
• Bharud can be described as a metaphorical song that has spiritual and ethical lessons. Bharud is similar to road show.
• Bharud is popular because of its wide range of subjects, humorous presentation, dramatic quality and easy rhythm.
• Bharuds are composed with the purpose of educating people on various aspects of life.
• Even though Bharuds of Saint Eknath are famous, bharuds were composed by many saints including Saint Dnyaneshwar.
In simple words: Bharud is a metaphorical song with spiritual and ethical lessons, popular for its humorous, dramatic, and rhythmic presentation. It serves to educate people on life's various aspects and was composed by many saints, notably Saint Eknath.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Bharud's unique combination of spiritual teaching, dramatic quality, and humorous delivery, as well as its purpose in social education.

 

(4) Keertan.
Answer:
• Keertan involves oratory, singing, acting, dancing and story telling.
• Naradmuni is assumed to be the founder of Keertan tradition.
• It is pure glorification of god. It is also a medium to educate the masses about good values of life and very purpose of human life.
• There are two parts in Naraadiya keertan Poorvarang and Uttarrang.
• Poorvarang comprises of Naman.
• Nirupanacha Abhang and Nirupan; Uttarrang comprises of narration of a story to illustrate the main theme.
• Keertan has two traditions in Maharashtra - Naraadiya and Varakari.
In simple words: Keertan is a devotional art form that combines storytelling, oratory, singing, acting, and dancing, aiming to glorify God and educate people on good values. It has two main parts, Poorvarang and Uttarrang, and is performed in both Naraadiya and Varakari traditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the multi-faceted nature of Keertan (oratory, singing, acting, storytelling) and its two main components (Poorvarang and Uttarrang) for a comprehensive answer.

 

(5) Documentaries: (You would like to know this: Textbook page 44)
Answer:
• A film which gives information, inspires and educates people and is a short film is a documentary.
• Documentaries were made on freedom struggle, national leaders, social issues and superstitions, forts, animal species, sports, etc.
• They were aimed at creating public awareness about various issues.
• They are shown in the cinema theatres before the start of the main movie.
In simple words: Documentaries are informative, inspiring, and educational short films covering various subjects like historical events, social issues, or nature. They aim to raise public awareness and were historically shown before feature films in cinemas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing documentaries, highlight their primary purpose (information, inspiration, education) and their role in raising public awareness on diverse topics.

 

Question 10.
Write short notes:
(a) Means of Entertainment:
Answer:
• Entertainment is an integral part of man's life. Man has developed many means of entertainment since ancient times.
• Ancient times saw the rise of festivals, fairs, sports, dance-music, etc.
• The means of entertainment changed with times.
• Television, mobiles, video games and movies and such other modem means of entertainment were introduced.
• Folk music, classical music, plays, books, newspapers, magazines are some mediums of entertainment which are available. Different types of sports, hobbies and travel too are means of entertainment.
In simple words: Entertainment is vital for human life, evolving from ancient festivals and sports to modern media like television and video games. It encompasses various forms such as music, plays, books, and hobbies, offering both active and passive engagement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize means of entertainment into ancient and modern, and also consider active vs. passive forms to provide a well-rounded answer.

 

(b) Lalit:
Answer:
1. Lalit is an old form of entertainment popular in Konkan, Maharashtra and Goa. It belongs to the tradition of Naaradiya Keertan.
2. It is presumed that the presiding deity is present on the throne. It is invoked by the people as it is widely believed that the deity fulfils all the wishes.
3. Stories of Krishna, Rama and of great devotees are presented during the performance.
4. Lalit forms a part of the backdrop of modem Marathi theatre.
In simple words: Lalit is an ancient entertainment form from Konkan, Maharashtra, and Goa, rooted in the Naaradiya Keertan tradition. It features stories of deities and devotees, performed with the belief that a presiding deity grants wishes, and has influenced modern Marathi theatre.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key points for Lalit include its geographical popularity, connection to Naaradiya Keertan, focus on divine stories, and its influence on Marathi theatre.

 

(c) Keechakvadh: (Do You Know? Textbook page 43)
Answer:
• Krishnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar wrote Keechakvadh in the pre-independence era. It was a metaphorical drama.
• It was based on the incident of Keechakvadh described in the epic, Mahabharata.
• Draupadi represented helpless Mother India, while Yudhishthira represented the moderates and Bheem the extremists.
• Keechak represented the insolent Viceroy Lord Curzon.
• The audience used to perceive characters in this fashion and feel enraged about the imperialistic British rule.
In simple words: Krishnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar's 'Keechakvadh' was a pre-independence metaphorical drama based on a Mahabharata incident. It cleverly used characters to symbolize Mother India, Indian political factions, and Viceroy Curzon, stirring anti-British sentiment among the audience.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the allegorical nature of 'Keechakvadh' and how its characters symbolized key figures and sentiments during the Indian independence movement.

 

(d) Natashmrat: (Do You Know? Textbook page 43)
Answer:
• The renowned author-poet Vishnu Waman Shirwadkar, also knpwn as Kusumagraj wrote Natasctmrat.
• It is styled after Shakespeare's well known play 'King Lear'.
• Ganpatrao Belvalkar, the tragic protagonist of Natasamrat represents a blend of two well-known personalities of early Marathi stage Ganpatrao Joshi and Nanasaheb.
• The traits of both great actors are found in the main character of Natasamrat.
• Natasamrat is a tragic story of an aging actor who gives his entire wealth to his sons and is humiliated by them.
• This play was very popular and created history on stage performance and in playwriting.
In simple words: 'Natasamrat', written by Kusumagraj, is a tragic Marathi play inspired by Shakespeare's 'King Lear'. It tells the story of an aging actor, Ganpatrao Belvalkar, who faces humiliation after giving his wealth to his sons, and became a historic success in Marathi theatre.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember 'Natasamrat's' author (Kusumagraj), its inspiration (King Lear), the central character's plight, and its significance in Marathi playwriting and performance.

 

(e) Tamasha (Folk theatre):
Answer:
1. Tamasha is a Persian word which means a pleasing sight. Tamasha emerged as an independent form in the 18th century absorbing the traits of folk theatre and classical arts.
2. Tamasha is classified into 'Sangeet Bari' and 'Dholakicha Phad'. Dance and music are more important than drama in Sangeet Bari. Tamasha with drama as main part was developed later. It included Vag, the dramatic part a little later.
3. The show begins by singing the praise of Lord Ganesha, known as Gana. It is followed with the presentation of Gavalan.
4. The second part of Tamasha presents the Vag. The plays like 'Vichchha Mazi Puri Kara' or 'Gadhavache Lagna' were very popular.
In simple words: Tamasha is a popular 18th-century folk theatre form, blending folk and classical arts. It's categorized into 'Sangeet Bari' (music/dance focused) and 'Dholakicha Phad' (drama focused), starting with Gana (praise to Ganesha) and Gavalan, and includes a dramatic 'Vag' section.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Tamasha's origin, its classification into Sangeet Bari and Dholakicha Phad, and the typical sequence of its performance, including Gana, Gavalan, and Vag.

 

Question 11.
Explain the following statements with reasons:
(a) Puppetry is an oldest form of entertainment.
Answer:
• Puppet show was an important form of entertainment.
• The remains of clay dolls have been found in the excavations at the archaeological sites of Harappa, Egypt and Greece civilisations.
• Information on puppets is found in the texts like Mahabharata and in Panchatrantra stories.
• The ancient text Mahabharat has a mention that puppetry was one of the 64 arts.
In simple words: Puppetry is considered an ancient form of entertainment because archaeological findings from Harappa, Egypt, and Greece include clay dolls. Additionally, ancient Indian texts like the Mahabharata and Panchatantra stories mention puppets, indicating its long-standing presence as an art form.

🎯 Exam Tip: When proving puppetry's ancient origins, cite archaeological evidence and references from classic texts like the Mahabharata to strengthen your argument.

 

(b) Vishnudas Bhave is known as the Father of Marathi Theatre.
Answer:
• The origins of the Marathi theatre can be traced to Dashavatara tradition. Lalit forms a backdrop of Marathi theatre.
• Seetaswayamvar, the first play, written and presented by Vishnudas Bhave was very successful.
• The movement of stage plays started by Vishnudas Bhave was followed in Maharashtra by historical, mythological and also light farcical stage plays.
• The farcical plays dealt with social issues in a humorous way. Therefore, he is known as the Father of Marathi theatre.
In simple words: Vishnudas Bhave is recognized as the Father of Marathi Theatre because his successful play 'Seetaswayamvar' pioneered the movement of stage plays in Maharashtra. His work led to diverse historical, mythological, and farcical plays, establishing the foundation for modern Marathi theatre.

🎯 Exam Tip: To explain Vishnudas Bhave's title, focus on his pioneering role, the success of his first play, and how he initiated the Marathi theatre movement.

 

Question 12.
Answer the following questions in 25 – 30 words:
(a) Make a list of various types of entertainment and classify them into different categories. (Try to do it: Textbook Page 39)
Answer:
• Entertainment can be classified into two categories, active and passive.
• Active entertainment means an individual's mental-physical participation. In passive entertain-ment, a person may not be an actual participant.
• To play cricket is active form of entertainment but to watch a cricket match is passive entertainment.
• To participate in festivals, fairs, celebrations is active entertainment but to watch as audience is passive entertainment.
In simple words: Entertainment is categorized into active (requiring mental/physical participation, like playing cricket) and passive (where one is an observer, like watching a cricket match). Participating in festivals is active, while observing them is passive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define active and passive entertainment with distinct examples to illustrate the difference effectively.

 

(b) Write about Dashavatara form of folk theatre.
Answer:
• The stories presented in Dashavatara are based on the 10 incarnations of Lord Vishnu.
• The method of acting, make-up, costumes in Dashavatara shows is set by the tradition.
• The show is mostly musical but sometimes there may be a few spontaneous dialogues.
• The characters representing gods use wooden masks. At the start of the show, the sutradhara invokes Lord Ganesha.
• The show ends by breaking dahihandi, followed by aarati, praising the God.
• This is part of folk theatre in Maharashtra.
• Dashavatara shows are presented in the regions of Konkan and Goa after the harvesting season is over.
In simple words: Dashavatara is a traditional folk theatre from Konkan and Goa, performed after harvest, depicting stories of Vishnu's ten incarnations. It features traditional acting, costumes, wooden masks for gods, and is primarily musical with an invocation to Ganesha and a concluding arati.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include details about the themes (Vishnu's incarnations), performance style (musical, traditional, masks), and cultural context (post-harvest in Konkan/Goa) for a complete answer.

 

(c) What is required to be a Keertankar?
Answer:
The following qualities are required to be a Keertankar:
• A Keertankar also known as Haridas or Kathekaribuva needs to be very well informed.
• He should have wide experience and knowledge of the world.
• He should be well-versed in mythological and social subjects.
• He needs to train himself in qratory, singing, musical instruments, dance and humour.
• He should dress in a traditional way.
In simple words: To be a Keertankar, one must be highly informed with vast worldly experience and deep knowledge of mythology and social subjects. Essential skills include oratory, singing, playing musical instruments, dancing, and humor, along with traditional attire.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the diverse skills required for a Keertankar, covering intellectual knowledge, artistic abilities, and adherence to tradition.

 

(d) Write about the contributions of Bhosale family to drama.
Answer:
• The Bhosale family of Tanjore were successors of Chhatrapati- Shivaji Maharaj. They were patrons of arts.
• The rulers of the Bhosale family encouraged dramas in Marathi and in southern languages.
• Some of them have written a few plays and also translated Sanskrit plays.
In simple words: The Bhosale family of Tanjore, successors of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, were significant patrons of the arts. They actively promoted and supported dramas in Marathi and southern languages, with some members even writing and translating Sanskrit plays, contributing greatly to theatrical development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the Bhosale family's role as patrons and active contributors (writing/translating plays) to drama in multiple languages.

 

(e) What is the contribution of Vishnudas Bhave and V. J. Kirtane to Marathi theatre?
Answer:
1. Vishnudas Bhave presented the first play, Seetaswyamwar, on stage. Initially no written scripts were used for plays. Only the lyrics were written and dialogues were spontaneous.
2. The movement started by him was followed in Maharashtra by historical, mythological and also light farcical stage plays. He is known as the Father of the Marathi theatre.
3. V. J. Kirtane was the first author who wrote the script of Thorale Madhavrao Peshwe in 1861 and its printed copy was made available.
4. It was the beginning of the tradition of having a complete written script ready before staging the play.
In simple words: Vishnudas Bhave pioneered Marathi theatre by staging 'Seetaswayamwar' and initiating the stage play movement, earning him the title 'Father of Marathi Theatre'. V. J. Kirtane further contributed by writing the first complete Marathi play script, 'Thorale Madhavrao Peshwe', establishing the tradition of pre-written plays.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between Bhave's role in initiating stage plays (without full scripts) and Kirtane's innovation of introducing the first complete written script, marking a new era.

 

(f) Explain the nature of Rashtriya Keertan.
Answer:
• During the independence movement, a new type of Keertan was developed known as Rashtriya Keertan.
• It is performed in the same way as Naradiya Keertan.
• It placed more importance on creating awareness by narrating the life stories of great leaders of the Indian independence movement, scientists, social reforms, etc.
• Dattopant Patwardhan of Wai started Rashtriya Keertan.
In simple words: Rashtriya Keertan emerged during the independence movement as a new form of Keertan, retaining the performance style of Naradiya Keertan. Its primary purpose was to raise public awareness by narrating inspiring life stories of freedom fighters, scientists, and social reformers, with Dattopant Patwardhan being a pioneer.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key difference for Rashtriya Keertan is its focus on nationalistic and social awareness themes, rather than purely devotional ones, making it a tool for social change.

 

Question 13.
Read the following passage and answer the questions:
(a) Who presented the play 'Seetaswayamvar'?
Answer:
'Seetaswayamvar' was the first play presented by Vishnudas Bhave.
In simple words: Vishnudas Bhave presented the first play, 'Seetaswayamvar'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple recall questions like this require direct and accurate identification of the person or event mentioned.

 

(b) Who wrote the musical play 'Sharada'?
Answer:
Govind Ballal Deval wrote the musical play Sharada.
In simple words: Govind Ballal Deval authored the musical play 'Sharada'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate the specific play with its author for quick recall in multiple-choice or short answer questions.

 

(c) How can plays bring about social awakening?
Answer:
• As theatre is an audio-visual medium, it creates a strong impact on the audience.
• They commented on evil customs, traditions, superstitions in our society. This started the reformation process.
• Sharada, a musical play, written by Govind Ballal Deval shed light on the evil custom of marrying young girls to aged men in a humorous style.
• 'Ekach Pyala' by Ram Ganesh Gadkari made the society aware about the evil effects of drinking.
In simple words: Plays, as an audio-visual medium, powerfully impact audiences by humorously or dramatically commenting on societal evils like harmful customs or addictions, thereby initiating social reformation and awareness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific examples of plays and the social issues they addressed to effectively illustrate how theatre promotes social awakening.

 

Question 14.
Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) Write about the art of Puppetry.
Answer:
• The Kathputali is a traditional art of puppetry which has two styles.
• One that developed in Rajasthan and the other in South India.
• In ancient India, materials like wood, wool, leather, horns and ivory were used to make puppets.
• The role of the narrator known as Sutradhar is very crucial in stage show.
• The stage for this puppetry show is very small but the puppeteers use light and sound effects in an ingenious way.
• Shadow puppets, hand puppets, string puppets and wooden puppets are used in Kathputali shows.
• The artists who perform Kathputali shows are found in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Telangana, Karnataka and Kerala.
In simple words: Puppetry, especially Kathputali, is a traditional art with distinct styles in Rajasthan and South India. It utilizes various materials like wood and leather for puppets, features a crucial narrator (Sutradhar), and uses clever light and sound effects on small stages to tell stories, performed across several Indian states.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cover the different styles, materials used, the role of the Sutradhar, and the types of puppets (shadow, hand, string, wooden) for a complete description of puppetry.

 

(b) Write about the development of Indian film industry.
Answer:
1. Cinema is a medium that brings together art and technology. With the advent of the technology of motion pictures the film industry came into being. It gave rise to the era of silent movies.
2. The technology of sound recording paved the way for talkies. Dadasaheb Torane, A. P Karandikar, S. N. Patankar and V. E Divekar made the movie Pundalik with help from foreign techniciAnswer: This was a great step in the development of the art.
3. Dadasaheb Phalke made a full length movie, completely processed in India. He made silent movies and documentaries also.
4. Baburao Painter's cousin, Anandrao Painter made the first cine-camera. Baburao Painter made many historical movies and a movie on realistic social issues. Bhalaji Pendharkar made movies invoking nationalist sentiments.
5. Kamalabai Mangarulkar was the first woman producer, who made movies in Marathi as well as Hindi.
6. Prabhat Film Company made many religious, historical, mythological and social movies. Production studios like Bombay Talkies, Rajkamal Productions, R. K. Studios, Navketan played significant role in development of the Indian film Industry. Period from 1961 to 1981 is the golden period of Indian film industry.
In simple words: The Indian film industry began with silent movies, combining art and technology. The introduction of sound led to talkies, with Dadasaheb Torane's 'Pundalik' being an early milestone, followed by Dadasaheb Phalke's first full-length Indian film. Innovators like Anandrao Painter, Baburao Painter, Bhalaji Pendharkar, and Kamalabai Mangarulkar further shaped its growth, alongside major studios, leading to a golden era between 1961-1981.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trace the evolution from silent films to talkies, mention key pioneers like Dadasaheb Torane and Dadasaheb Phalke, and highlight the contributions of various filmmakers and studios, including the golden period, for a comprehensive overview.

 

Question 15.
Identify the given picture and write about his contribution:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र दादासाहेब फाल्के का है, जिन्हें भारतीय फिल्म उद्योग का जनक माना जाता है। तस्वीर में एक व्यक्ति कोट और टाई पहने हुए है, जिसके चेहरे पर गंभीरता और दूरदर्शिता झलक रही है, जो उनके रचनात्मक और उद्यमी व्यक्तित्व को दर्शाती है।
Answer:
1. The given picture is of Dadasaheb Phalke who is known as the Father of Indian Film Industry.
2. He released the first movie 'Raja Harishchandra' in Mumbai in 1913. He directed the movie which was entirely processed in India for the first time.
3. He made silent movies named as Mohini- Bhasmasur, Savitri-Satyavana.
4. He also made documentaries on the rock cut caves of Verul and pilgrim centres of Nashik and Tryambakeshwar. Later, he made historical and mythological movies.
5. The Government of India has honoured him by instituting Dadasaheb Phalke Award given for lifetime contribution to cinema, which is considered one of the most prestigious awards.
In simple words: The picture shows Dadasaheb Phalke, the 'Father of Indian Film Industry'. He released India's first fully processed film, 'Raja Harishchandra' in 1913, and also made several silent movies and documentaries. His immense contributions are honored by the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying a historical figure from an image, clearly state their name, their most significant title (e.g., 'Father of Indian Film Industry'), and list their major contributions and recognitions.