Maharashtra Board Class 10 History Chapter 5 Mass Media and History Solutions

 

Question 1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement.
(1) The first English newspaper in India was started by ........................................... .
(a) James Augustus Hickey
(b) John Marshall
(c) Allen Hume
Answer: (a) James Augustus Hickey
In simple words: James Augustus Hickey launched the first English newspaper in India, setting the foundation for journalism in the country. This marked the beginning of print media's influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the founder of the first English newspaper in India for historical context and quick recall in objective questions.

 

(2) Television is an ........................................... medium.
(a) visual
(b) audio
(c) audio-visual
Answer: (c) audio-visual
In simple words: Television combines both sound and images, making it an audio-visual medium that offers a comprehensive sensory experience to viewers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the nature of different media types (audio, visual, audio-visual) is crucial for media studies questions.

 

(B) Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set.
(1) 'Prabhakar' - Acharya P.K. Atre
(2) 'Darpan' - Balshastri Jambhekar
(3) 'Deenbandhu' - Krishnarao Bhalekar
(4) 'Kesari' - Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: (1) Wrong Pair: 'Prabhakar' - Acharya P.K. Atre
In simple words: The pair 'Prabhakar' - Acharya P.K. Atre is incorrect; 'Prabhakar' was associated with other prominent figures, not P.K. Atre. Identifying such historical misattributions is key.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with prominent newspapers and their founders/editors for accurate pair identification in exams.

 

Question 2. Write short notes :
(1) The role of newspaper in the Indian struggle for independence
Answer:
Newspapers played an important role in the Indian independence struggle. It is as follows
• Newspapers served as an important medium to create awareness during those times.
• They described greatness of Indian culture and history to gather support of masses for the freedom movement.
• They supported social, political and religious movements and opposed imperialism.
• They discussed various social and political issues.
• The ideas of social reformers and various organisations active in independence struggle reached people through newspapers.
In simple words: Newspapers were crucial in the Indian independence movement by spreading awareness, promoting national pride, supporting social reforms, and uniting people against British rule. They acted as a voice for the movement and disseminated important information and ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about the role of newspapers, focus on their functions in information dissemination, public opinion formation, and mobilization for the freedom struggle.

 

(2) Why do we need mass media?
Answer:
Mass media includes print and electronic and various new media.
• It facilitated free flow of information to all strata of the society and brought the world closer.
• Editorials, various columns and supplements are essential parts of newspapers.
• Readers also get a platform to voice their opinions. In fact, newspapers can help to make democracy stronger.
• Akashrani broadcasted various programmes of the government as well entertainment.
• Awareness creating programmes. It fulfill the need of the government to connect with people.
• Television is an Audio-Visual medium which has made it possible to cross the inherent limitations of newspapers.
• Radio to show the actual visuals of an event to people.
• Mass Media is very important as it plays an important role to strengthen democracy.
In simple words: We need mass media for the free flow of information, public awareness, democratic engagement, entertainment, and to connect people globally. It acts as a platform for diverse voices and strengthens democratic principles.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the need for mass media, emphasize its multifaceted roles in information, education, entertainment, and its contribution to a healthy democracy.

 

(3) Mass Media and professional opportunities.
Answer:
There are many professional opportunities available in printed, electronic and digital media.
• Writers, columnists, editors are required to write articles, columns and editorials in news-papers.
• Newspapers also require reporters to gather news and technicians to work in the press.
• There is requirement of actors and technicians in electronic media.
• Artists are required to present programmes on television, in the same way news presenters, anchors are required.
• If the articles, columns and programmes are based on history, an expert in history is required.
In simple words: Mass media offers diverse professional opportunities in roles such as writers, editors, reporters, actors, technicians, news presenters, and even historians, across print, electronic, and digital platforms. These roles are essential for content creation, production, and dissemination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the variety of roles and skill sets required across different media types (print, electronic, digital) to score well on this question.

 

Question 3. Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) Any information received through mass media needs to be reviewed critically.
Answer:
• Information provided in the media may not represent the exact truth. We need to scan it carefully.
• We have to understand idealistic and investigative motives of newspapers, government policies and prevailing social conditions behiid the newspiece.
• The information received through Mass Media might be prejudiced or give a one-sided idea.
• 'Stern', a German weekly magazine, purchased and published a number of so called handwritten diaries of Hitler.
• It then sold them to a number of publication companies.
• However, later it was proved that those diaries were forged. Hence it is essential to verily the information received through Mass Media.
In simple words: Information from mass media should be critically reviewed because it can be biased, one-sided, or even false, as demonstrated by the forged Hitler diaries incident. Verifying sources and understanding motives helps in discerning the truth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the example of 'Stern' magazine and the Hitler diaries to illustrate the critical importance of verifying media information.

 

(2) Knowledge of history is essential for newspaper articles.
Answer:
1. In order to unfold the background of an event in the news, we have to resort to history.
2. Some columns are based on historical events. These columns provide historical information about economical, social and political events in the past.
3. Newspapers publish supplements in addition to the regular edition or special issues to mark the completion of 50 or 100 years of an event. On such occasions, one has to review history of that particular event.
4. Even while writing columns like what happened in history on this day it is necessary to know past event. Hence, the knowledge of history is essential for writings of such type.
In simple words: Historical knowledge is crucial for newspaper articles to provide context for current events, create historical columns, publish commemorative supplements, and explain past occurrences relevant to "on this day" features. It enriches understanding and accuracy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight how history provides context, depth, and accuracy to news reporting, especially for special editions or historical columns.

 

(3) Television is the most popular medium.
Answer:
• Television being an audio-visual medium brings us into contact with events in an exciting and clarifying way.
• It crossed the inherent limitations of newspapers and radio to show actual visuals.
• It becomes possible for people to watch all the national and international events sitting at home.
• Social problems, discussion on education and economics and political events are viewed by people.
• In 1991, Indian government granted permission to private, national and international channels to telecast in India.
• Television became a treasure house of entertainment.
Therefore, the television is the most popular medium.
In simple words: Television is the most popular medium due to its audio-visual nature, allowing viewers to experience events vividly and instantly. It offers entertainment, news, and discussions on a global scale, overcoming the limitations of older media forms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the audio-visual aspect and real-time coverage as key factors contributing to television's widespread popularity.

 

Question 4. Read the following extract and answer the questions.
Radio: 'Indian Broadcasting Company' (IBC), a private radio company was the first one to broadcast daily programmes. Later the same company was taken over by the British Government and named as, 'Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS). On 8th June 1936 it was renamed, as 'All India Radio (AIR)'.
After Independence, AIR became an integral part of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India). Initially, it broadcasted Governmental programmes and schemes. It was named as 'Akashvani' on the suggestion of the famous poet Pandit Narendra Sharma. Akashvani broadcasts various entertainment, awareness creating and literary programmes. It also broadcasts special programmes for farmers, workers, the youth and women. The 'Vividh Bharati' programmes are broadcasted in 24 regional languages as well as 146 dialects of Indian languages. Lately, various new channels like 'Radio Mirchi' are providing radio services.

(1) Akashavani (AIR) is an integral part of which ministry?
Answer:
1. Indian Broadcasting Company, a private radio company was taken over by the British Government in 1927 and named 'Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS)'. On 8th June 1936, it was renamed as 'All India Radio (AIR)'.
2. AIR became integral part of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting after independence. It was renamed Akashvani on the suggestion of Pandit Narendra Sharma.
3. Initially it used to broadcast Government's programmes and schemes. Later it started broadcasting various entertainment, awareness creating and literary programmes.
4. Akashvani started 'Vividh Bharati1 programmes. It broadcasts special programmes for farmers, workers, the youth and women.
5. Vividh Bharati Programmes are broadcast in 24 regional languages and 146 dialects.
In simple words: Akashvani (AIR) became an integral part of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of India after independence. It was renamed 'Akashvani' by Pandit Narendra Sharma.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the transition from IBC to ISBS to AIR, and then its integration with the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting post-independence for historical accuracy.

 

(2) What was the new name of IBC?
Answer:
Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) was taken over by the British Government. It was named as the Indian State Broadcasting Services. (ISBS). On 8th June 1936, it was renamed as 'All India Radio' (AIR).
In simple words: The Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) was first renamed the Indian State Broadcasting Services (ISBS) and then later became 'All India Radio' (AIR) in 1936.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the chronological evolution of radio broadcasting names in India: IBC -> ISBS -> AIR.

 

(3) In how many regional languages and local dialects are 'Vividh Bharati' programmes broadcasted?
Answer:
People get access to news through social media like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and from web news portals, web channels. This information is available in English and many other languages.
In simple words: The provided answer is about social media and not Vividh Bharati; however, based on the extract, Vividh Bharati programs are broadcasted in 24 regional languages and 146 dialects.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always cross-reference the question with the provided extract to ensure the answer is relevant and accurate to the passage.

 

(4) How AIR was named 'Akashavani'?
Answer:
AIR was named as Akashvani on the suggestion of the famous poet Pandit Narendra Sharma.
In simple words: All India Radio (AIR) was given the name 'Akashvani' by the renowned poet Pandit Narendra Sharma.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the name 'Akashvani' directly to Pandit Narendra Sharma's suggestion for this question.

 

Question 5. Complete the following concept chart.

	Newspapers	Radio	Television
Beginning/Background
Nature of information/programmes

Answer:

	Newspapers	Radio	Television
Background/Beginning	James Augustus Hickey started Calcutta General Advertiser or Bengal Gazette on 29th January, 1780. It was the first newspaper in English.	A private radio station was started known as Indian Broadcasting Company.	First Doordarshan centre was started in Delhi.
Information Programmes	News, articles, columns, opinions of the people, editorials, advertisements etc. are published.	Along with entertainment programmes, have literary, informative programmes on farmers, women and educative values.	Events around the world, movies, music, information about environmental and historical places, sports are shown either live or recorded.
Functions	(1) Report daily news (2) Public awareness and mass education. (3) Provide information and strengthen democracy. (4) Oppose injustice and give publicity to developmental work.	(1) Provide news from different sectors. (2) Entertain through music, dramas, songs, etc. (3) Present social problems and educate the masses about it. (4) Conduct discussions on various issues ranging from the environment to culture.	(1) Telecast daily events and entertain. (2) Educate the masses. (3) Publicise programmes which are for social benefit. (4) Bring about social awakening opposing evil traditions and practices.

In simple words: This chart outlines the origins, types of information, and key functions of newspapers, radio, and television, showing their distinct contributions to media and society. It provides a comparative overview of their roles.

🎯 Exam Tip: For concept charts, ensure accurate and concise details for each category, highlighting the unique features and contributions of each medium.

 

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'मास मीडिया' के एक मेमोरी मैप को दर्शाता है, जिसमें मास मीडिया को 'प्रिंट मीडिया' और 'इलेक्ट्रॉनिक मीडिया' में विभाजित किया गया है। प्रिंट मीडिया को आगे 'न्यूजपेपर' और 'पीरियोडिकल्स' में, जबकि इलेक्ट्रॉनिक मीडिया को 'आकाशवाणी', 'ई-न्यूजपेपर' और 'टेलीविजन' में बांटा गया है। प्रत्येक शाखा के तहत उनकी परिभाषा, उद्देश्य, शुरुआत, अर्थ, विस्तार, प्रभावशीलता और योगदान जैसे विभिन्न पहलुओं को दर्शाया गया है। यह आरेख मास मीडिया के विभिन्न घटकों और उनकी विशेषताओं का एक संगठित दृश्य प्रस्तुत करता है।

 

Question 6. Complete the sentences by choosing a correct option:
(a) ........................................... is the first newspaper in Marathi.
(a) Deenbandhu
(b) Prabhakar
(c) Darpan
(d) Kesari
Answer: (c) Darpan
In simple words: 'Darpan' holds the distinction of being the first Marathi newspaper, launched by Balshastri Jambhekar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the first newspaper in a regional language is a common historical fact tested in objective questions.

 

(b) 6th January is celebrated as ........................................... day in Maharashtra.
(a) Periodical Day
(b) Newspaper Day
(c) Printing Day
(d) Journalist Day
Answer: (d) Journalist Day
In simple words: January 6th is observed as Journalist Day in Maharashtra, commemorating the birth anniversary of Balshastri Jambhekar, the pioneer of Marathi journalism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate the specific date (Jan 6th) to the 'Journalist Day' and its connection to Balshastri Jambhekar.

 

(c) The letters 'Shatpatre1 published in Prabhakar were written by ...........................................
(a) Lokmanya Tilak
(b) Lokhitvadi
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Justice Ranade
Answer: (b) Lokhitvadi.
In simple words: The influential 'Shatpatre' (hundred letters) series, published in the newspaper 'Prabhakar', was authored by Gopal Hari Deshmukh, known by his pen name Lokhitvadi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key literary contributions and their authors, especially pseudonym users like Lokhitvadi, for accurate answers.

 

(d) The honour of printing illustrations for the first time in an Indian newspaper goes to ...........................................
(a) Dnyanoday
(b) Darpan
(c) Prabhakar
(d) Kesari
Answer: (a) Dnyanoday
In simple words: 'Dnyanoday' holds the distinction of being the first Indian newspaper to include illustrations, marking a significant step in visual journalism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize 'Dnyanoday' as a pioneer in Indian journalism for its introduction of illustrations.

 

(e) Deenbandhu was started by ........................................... who was a close associate of Mahatma Phule.
(a) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
(b) Lokmanya Tilak %
(c) Narayan Meghaji Lokhande
(d) Krishnarao Bhalekar
Answer: (d) Krishnarao Bhalekar
In simple words: Krishnarao Bhalekar, a close associate of Mahatma Phule, founded the newspaper 'Deenbandhu' to voice the concerns of the common people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect 'Deenbandhu' with its founder Krishnarao Bhalekar and his association with Mahatma Phule.

 

(f) ........................................... newspaper was started by Agarkar and Lokmanya Tilak.
(a) Deenbandhu and Induprakash
(b) Darpan and Prabhakar
(c) Dnyanoday and .Digdarshan
(d) Kesari and Maratha
Answer: (d) Kesari and Maratha
In simple words: 'Kesari' and 'Maratha' were two prominent newspapers started by Gopal Ganesh Agarkar and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, playing a significant role in India's freedom struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the famous duo of Agarkar and Tilak and their associated newspapers, 'Kesari' (Marathi) and 'Maratha' (English).

 

(g) Balshastri Jambhekar started ........................................... the first monthly magazine in Marathi.
(a) Digdarshan
(b) Prabhakar
(c) Darpan
(d) Dnyanoday
Answer: (a) Digdarshan
In simple words: Balshastri Jambhekar, recognized as the pioneer of Marathi journalism, also started 'Digdarshan', the first Marathi monthly magazine, alongside his newspaper 'Darpan'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between 'Darpan' (newspaper) and 'Digdarshan' (monthly magazine), both founded by Balshastri Jambhekar.

 

(h) ........................................... was acknowledged as the fourth pillar of democracy.
(a) Representatives
(b) Periodicals
(c) Newspaper
(d) Books
Answer: (c) Newspaper.
In simple words: Newspapers are widely regarded as the fourth pillar of democracy, alongside the executive, legislature, and judiciary, due to their crucial role in informing the public and holding power accountable.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the concept of the 'fourth pillar of democracy' and its significance in a democratic society.

 

(i) The first English news bulletin was broadcast on 23rd July, 1927 from the ........................................... radio station.
(a) Kolkata
(b) Madras
(c) Mumbai
(d) Dblhi
Answer: (c) Mumbai
In simple words: The inaugural English news bulletin in India was broadcast from the Mumbai radio station on July 23, 1927, marking a milestone in Indian radio history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the city and date associated with the first English radio news bulletin in India.

 

(j) Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India inaugurated the ........................................... Doordarshan centre.
(a) Mumbai
(b) Bangalore
(c) Lucknow
(d) Delhi
Answer: (d) Delhi
In simple words: The first Doordarshan centre was inaugurated in Delhi by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, India's first President, establishing public television broadcasting in the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate the inauguration of the first Doordarshan centre with Delhi and Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

 

(k) Newspapers published special supplements or a special issue to commemorate occasions like completion of seventy-five years of ........................................... in 2017.
(a) Khilafat Movement
(b) Non Co-operation Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) Quit India Movement
Answer: (d) Quit India Movement
In simple words: In 2017, newspapers published special issues to commemorate 75 years of the Quit India Movement, a pivotal moment in India's freedom struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect historical milestones like anniversaries of movements with their significance in commemorative publications.

 

(l) ..........................................., a German weekly magazine, had purchased a number of so called handwritten diaries that were later proved forged.
(a) Time Magazine
(b) Statesman
(c) Stern
(d) Reuters
Answer: (c) Stern
In simple words: 'Stern', a German weekly magazine, infamously published what it believed to be Hitler's handwritten diaries, which were later exposed as fakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests your knowledge of a specific historical event related to media ethics and forgery; remember the magazine 'Stern'.

 

(m) Akashvani has preserved recordings of all speeches delivered by the ........................................... on 15th August.
(a) President
(b) Wee President
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Army General
Answer: (c) Prime Minister
In simple words: Akashvani diligently preserves recordings of all speeches delivered by the Prime Minister of India, especially on significant occasions like Independence Day (August 15th).

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the role of national broadcasters like Akashvani in preserving historical records, particularly speeches of national leaders.

 

(n) Akashwani comes under the Ministry of ........................................... of the Indian Government.
(a) Social welfare
(b) Human Resource and Development
(c) Information and Broadcasting
(d) Education Technology
Answer: (c) Information and Broadcasting.
In simple words: Akashwani, India's national public radio broadcaster, operates under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Indian Government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the correct ministry responsible for national broadcasting services like Akashwani.

 

Question 7. Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:

Newspaper	Editor
(1) Prabhakar	(a) Acharya R K. Atre
(2) Darpan	(b) Balshastri Jambhekar
(3) Deenbandhu	(c) Krishnarao Bhalekar
(4) Kesari	(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer: Wrong pair: Prabhakar - Acharya R K. Atre
In simple words: The incorrect pair is 'Prabhakar' and Acharya R. K. Atre; 'Prabhakar' was famously associated with Lokhitvadi (Gopal Hari Deshmukh) for his 'Shatpatre', while Acharya Atre was known for 'Maratha' and other publications later.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately matching newspapers with their founders/editors is a key skill; pay attention to who founded/edited 'Prabhakar' versus Acharya Atre's works.

 

(2)

Newspaper	Issues
(1) Prabhakar	(a) History of French revolution
(2) Induprakash	(b) Advocated widow remarriage
(3) Deenbandhu	(c) Information on Telegraph
(4) Kesari	(d) Voiced social and political problems.

Answer: Wrong pair Deenbandhu - Information on Telegraph
In simple words: The incorrect pair is 'Deenbandhu' and 'Information on Telegraph'; 'Deenbandhu' primarily focused on the issues of the marginalized, while 'Dnyanoday' was known for publishing news about the telegraph.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the primary focus and significant news items covered by each newspaper to correctly identify wrong pairings.

 

(3)

Newspaper/Magazine/Book	Editor
(1) Pragati	(a) Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar
(2) Digdarshan	(b) Narendra Sharma
(3) Deenbandhu	(c) Krishnarao Bhalekar
(4) Discovery of India	(d) Pandit Nehru

Answer: Wrong pair: Digdarshan - Narendra Sharma
In simple words: The wrong pair is 'Digdarshan' and Narendra Sharma; 'Digdarshan' was started by Balshastri Jambhekar, while Pandit Narendra Sharma suggested the name 'Akashvani' for AIR.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully distinguish between the founders/editors of different publications and the roles individuals played in naming national institutions.

 

Question 8. Do as directed:
(a) Complete the graphical description
(1)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'ज्ञानोदय' में छपी खबरों को दर्शाने वाला एक अधूरा फ्लोचार्ट है। इसमें 'ज्ञानोदय में छपी खबरें' शीर्षक से एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स है जिससे तीर निकलकर 'टेलीग्राफ की स्थापना की खबरें' शीर्षक वाले एक भरे बॉक्स और चार खाली बॉक्सों की ओर इशारा कर रहे हैं। छात्रों को इन खाली बॉक्सों को ज्ञानोदय में छपी अन्य महत्वपूर्ण खबरों से भरना है, जैसे भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम, भारत में रेलवे की शुरुआत और यूरोप व एशिया का नक्शा।

 

Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'ज्ञानोदय' में छपी खबरों को दर्शाता हुआ एक पूर्ण फ्लोचार्ट है। इसमें 'ज्ञानोदय में छपी खबरें' शीर्षक से एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स है जिससे तीर निकलकर 'टेलीग्राफ की स्थापना की खबरें', '1857 के भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम की खबरें', 'भारत में रेलवे की शुरुआत' और 'यूरोप और एशिया का नक्शा' शीर्षक वाले चार बॉक्सों की ओर इशारा कर रहे हैं। यह ज्ञानोदय द्वारा कवर की गई विविध ऐतिहासिक और समसामयिक घटनाओं को दर्शाता है।
In simple words: The 'Dnyanoday' newspaper printed significant news such as the installation of the telegraph, reports on the Indian War of Independence of 1857, the beginning of railways in India, and maps of Europe and Asia.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing such diagrams, recall key historical events that were contemporary to the publication date of 'Dnyanoday' newspaper.

 

(2)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र लोकतंत्र के चार स्तंभों को दर्शाने वाला एक अधूरा फ्लोचार्ट है। इसमें 'लोकतंत्र के चार स्तंभ' शीर्षक से एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स है जिससे तीर निकलकर चार खाली बॉक्सों की ओर इशारा कर रहे हैं। छात्रों को इन खाली बॉक्सों को लोकतंत्र के चार प्रमुख स्तंभों - विधायिका, कार्यपालिका, न्यायपालिका और समाचार पत्र (या प्रेस) - से भरना है।

 

Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र लोकतंत्र के चार स्तंभों को दर्शाता हुआ एक पूर्ण फ्लोचार्ट है। इसमें 'लोकतंत्र के चार स्तंभ' शीर्षक से एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स है जिससे तीर निकलकर 'विधायिका (प्रतिनिधित्व)', 'न्यायपालिका', 'कार्यपालिका' और 'समाचार पत्र' शीर्षक वाले चार बॉक्सों की ओर इशारा कर रहे हैं। यह आरेख लोकतंत्र के कार्यप्रणाली के मूलभूत घटकों को स्पष्ट करता है।
In simple words: The four pillars of democracy are the Legislature (which represents the people and makes laws), the Executive (which implements laws), the Judiciary (which interprets laws), and the Newspaper (or Press, which informs the public and holds power accountable).

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to list and briefly explain the roles of the four pillars of democracy, including the essential function of the press/newspaper.

Question 9. Explain the following concepts:
(a) Electronic or Digital Journalism or Web Journalism.
Answer:
1. In the modern times, the computer and internet have become indispensable parts of printing and publishing process. Computer technology has led to the widespread practice of digital journalism.
2. Websites run by newspapers are basically extensions of newspapers themselves. Modern periodicals are part of electronic or digital journalism.
3. People get access to news through social media like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and from web news portals, web channels. This information is available in English and many other languages.
4. Journalists working in this area today have to have many more skills than in the past when writing was the only requirement. Information available on these mediums should be reviewed critically and used with utmost care.
In simple words: Digital journalism leverages computers and the internet for news, including newspaper websites and social media, making information widely accessible but requiring critical review due to its extensive reach. Journalists in this field need diverse skills beyond just writing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the evolution from traditional to digital journalism and the skills required for modern journalists. Also, mention the critical evaluation of online information.

(b) E-newspapers
Answer:
1. In recent times, e-newspapers have got prominent place in mass media.
2. E-newspaper is not exactly like the printed one. In e-newspapers, news comes in sequence and not based on the nature and the importance of the news, like in printed newspaper e.g. Front page news. Headline or Last page news.
3. The news which we want to read has to be clicked and then it appears on the screen in detail.
4. There is space provided for opinion of readers. In 1992, the first edition of the e-newspaper was published by 'Chicago Tribune-1'.
5. At present, almost all newspapers are available as e-newspapers and people can read them anytime, anywhere using the Internet or computer, tab, laptop or mobile.
6. In recent times many newspapers have introduced e-newspapers. The e-newspapers are being received well by the readers.
7. Learn to read e-newspapers with the help of your teachers.
In simple words: E-newspapers are digital versions of traditional newspapers, offering news through clickable links, allowing for reader opinions, and accessible on various devices anytime, anywhere. They differ from print by not necessarily prioritizing news based on front or last page importance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the key differences between e-newspapers and print newspapers, their accessibility, and interactive features like reader opinions.

Question 10. Write short notes:
(a) Bengal Gazette:
Answer:
• Bengal Gazette is the first newspaper which was started in India.
• It was started by James Augustus Hickey, an Irish national.
• It was first published on 29th January, 1780. It was also called "Calcutta General Advertiser".
• Bengal Gazette laid the foundation of newspaper in India.
In simple words: The Bengal Gazette, founded by James Augustus Hickey in 1780, was India's first English newspaper, also known as the "Calcutta General Advertiser," and it pioneered journalism in the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the founder's name, the year of establishment, and its significance as India's first newspaper.

(b) News printed in 'Darpan':
Answer:
The 'Darpan' newspaper started by Balshastri Jambhekar printed all types of news like political, economic, social and cultural. Some of them are mentioned below:
• The Accounts of Expenditure from the Three Administrative Divisions of the East India Company.
• The Danger of Russian Attack on the Nation.
• Appointment of a Committee for Cleanliness of the City.
• Remarriage of Hindu Widows.
• The Inception of Theatre at Calcutta.
• Achievements of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in England. All these reports published in the paper throw light on various situations/events of those days.
In simple words: 'Darpan', founded by Balshastri Jambhekar, covered a wide range of political, economic, social, and cultural news, including East India Company expenditures, national security concerns, urban development, social reforms like widow remarriage, and cultural events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note Balshastri Jambhekar's role and the diverse range of topics 'Darpan' covered, reflecting its importance in societal awareness.

(c) Television:
Answer:
• The first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad inaugurated Delhi Doordarshan Centre.
• Mumbai Doordarshan started to telecast its programmes on 2nd October, 1972.
• Colour television started on 15th August, 1982. The Indian government granted permission to private, national and international channels in 1991 to telecast in India.
In simple words: Television in India began with the inauguration of the Delhi Doordarshan Centre by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, expanded to Mumbai in 1972, introduced colour telecasts in 1982, and saw the entry of private channels in 1991.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key dates like the Delhi Centre inauguration, Mumbai telecast, colour TV launch, and privatization year are important for this answer.

Question 11. Explain the following sentences with reason:
(a) Newspaper is an important medium of education and information.
Answer:
• Newspapers report events which are interesting to the public. But the importance of newspaper stretches far beyond a passing human interest in events.
• It covers a miscellany of topical issues. News would involve matters of higher importance like war, global warming, education, national elections or trivial issues such as scandals, gossips and debates on minor controversies.
• Newspapers have contributed significantly to the spread of literacy and the concept of human rights and democratic freedoms.
• They are integral to the development of democracy. In fact, they can help in making the democracy stronger.
• Newspapers not only report the events but continue to shape opinions in the global village.
In simple words: Newspapers are vital for education and information as they cover a broad spectrum of important and trivial topics, foster literacy and human rights, strengthen democracy by shaping public opinion, and keep citizens informed about local, national, and international events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the multi-faceted role of newspapers beyond just reporting news, focusing on their educational, democratic, and opinion-shaping contributions.

(b) 6th January is observed as 'Patrakar Din' or 'Journalist Day' in Maharashtra.
Answer:
• Balshastri Jambhekar started the first newspaper in Marathi on 6th January, 1832 in Mumbai.
• He is referred to as the 'First Editor' as he was the first editor.
• He laid the foundation of Marathi newspaper by starting Darpan. As 6th January is his birth date, it is observed as 'Patrkar Din' or 'Journalists' Day' in Maharashtra.
In simple words: In Maharashtra, January 6th is celebrated as 'Patrakar Din' (Journalist Day) to honor Balshastri Jambhekar, who started the first Marathi newspaper, 'Darpan,' on this date in 1832 and is considered the 'First Editor' of Marathi journalism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Balshastri Jambhekar's role, the date, and the newspaper 'Darpan' as the foundation of Marathi journalism.

(c) Television and history are closely related.
Answer:
1. Television plays a major role in developing interest in history. While producing shows and serials based on history and mythology, it is essential to have an accurate knowledge of history and know the minute details.
2. 'Bharat Ek Khoj', Raja Shivchhatrapati, Ramayana, Mahabharata are among the few popular serials based on history and mythology. While producing these serials.
3. It was essential to know the prevalent social conditions, outfits, lifestyle, weaponry, lingual expressions of the people. Historians who had knowledge on these subjects are required.
4. While making programmes, based on sportsmen, literature, war, historical events, forts and animal life, it is important to give history of their development in that particular period.
5. While conducting discussions on television on topics like social problems, education, economics, health, it is important to give references from the past.
This shows that the knowledge of history is required in the making many of programmes on Television. Hence Television and history are closely related.
In simple words: Television and history are intertwined because creating historical and mythological shows requires accurate historical knowledge, and discussions on contemporary issues often rely on past references, making history crucial for diverse TV programming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Illustrate with examples of historical TV serials and explain how accurate historical knowledge is crucial for their production and for discussing current events.

Question 12. Answer the following question in 25-30 words:
(a) Explain the objectives of newspapers.
Answer:
The main objectives of newspapers are as follows:
• Newspapers provide various local, national and international news to the people and inform them about daily events.
• They narrate political, economic, cultural and social history of the country.
• Newspapers fulfill their role as the fourth column of democracy by creating public awareness and becoming a medium of mass education.
• They even condemn the anti-social elements in the society and support the weaker section.
In simple words: Newspapers aim to inform the public about daily local, national, and international events, provide historical context, act as a pillar of democracy by raising public awareness and educating the masses, and advocate for social justice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the dual role of newspapers as both informers and active participants in shaping public opinion and strengthening democracy.

(b) How is history helpful in the planning of the Akashvani programmes ?
Answer:
Akashvani broadcasts all types of programmes from celebration of independence day to entertainment programmes. In planning these programmes, the knowledge of history is essential.
1. Akashvani invites historians as experts for discussions while presenting programmes on various occasions such as the anniversaries of births and deaths of national leaders, anniversaries of historical events; speeches of all Prime Ministers/Presidents.
2. Programmes like 'On This Day in History' is a daily programme which highlights importance of that day and date in history.
3. Information has to be verified by historians before it reaches the people.
Lectures on the contributions of various national leaders need to be supported by historical information. In the following ways history is helpful in the planning of Akashvani programmes.
In simple words: History is crucial for Akashvani as it guides programs celebrating national events, features historians for discussions on anniversaries, provides content for 'On This Day in History' segments, and ensures factual accuracy for lectures on national leaders.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the role of historical accuracy and expert involvement in Akashvani's diverse programming, especially for commemorative events and educational segments.

(c) How were the message conveyed to the people in olden days?
Answer:
The following were a few means used to convey messages to the people in olden days:
• A town crier would run on the streets beating drums and crying out important news according to the orders of the king.
• So, the news would spread among people by word of mouth.
• Inscriptions with royal decrees were placed at public places.
In simple words: In olden days, messages were conveyed through town criers who announced news publicly, relying on word-of-mouth for wider dissemination, and by placing royal decrees as inscriptions in public areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the traditional methods of communication, such as town criers and public inscriptions, that predated modern mass media.

Question 13. Read the following passages and answer the questions:"
(a) Which programmes are broadcasted by Akashvani?
Answer:
• Initially, Akashvani broadcasted government programmes and schemes.
• Later it broadcasted various entertainment and literary programmes.
• Akashvani presents various programmes for creating awareness.
• Special programmes are also broadcasted for farmers, workers, youth and women.
In simple words: Akashvani broadcasts a diverse range of programs, including initial government schemes, followed by entertainment, literary, and awareness-creating content, specifically tailoring programs for farmers, workers, youth, and women.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the evolution of Akashvani's programming from government-focused to including entertainment, literature, and targeted social awareness content.

(a) On which book is the serial 'Bharat Ek Khoj' based on?
Answer:
The Serial Bharat Ek Khoj is based on 'Discovery of India', a book written by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
In simple words: The serial 'Bharat Ek Khoj' is based on 'Discovery of India', a book authored by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the serial 'Bharat Ek Khoj' directly to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's book 'Discovery of India'.

(b) Who directed the serial 'Bharat Ek Khoj'?
Answer:
The serial was directed by Shyam Benegal.
In simple words: Shyam Benegal directed the serial 'Bharat Ek Khoj'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Shyam Benegal as the director of the acclaimed serial 'Bharat Ek Khoj'.

(c) Which factors/aspects of Indian history are depicted in 'Bharat Ek Khoj'? OR Why was 'Bharat Ek Khoj' a serial telecasted by Doordarshan admired in all parts of India?
Answer:
The television serial 'Bharat Ek Khoj' presented social, political and economic life from ancient to the modern period in India.
1. It portrayed various aspects of Indian history like Harappan civilisation, Vedic history and the interpretation of epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana.
2. It used the technique of dramatisation effectively to recreate the Mauryan period and show the impact of Turk-Afghan invasions.
3. The Mughal period and their contributions which have long-lasting effect on social and cultural fabric of India is shown. The rise of Bhakti movement, role of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in getting swarajya is portrayed.
4. The last episodes (finale) of the serial narrate social movements and India's freedom struggle in modern period.
Thus, the serial effectively portrayed the journey of India from Harappan civilisation to the modern period and therefore was admired in all parts of India.
In simple words: 'Bharat Ek Khoj' was admired across India for vividly depicting Indian history from the Harappan civilization to the modern freedom struggle, covering social, political, and economic aspects through dramatizations of various eras and significant movements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the comprehensive historical span covered by the serial, its use of dramatization, and its portrayal of key periods and movements in Indian history.

Question 14. Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) What were the different means of communication known around the world before the advent of newspaper?
Answer:
The following means of communication were used to convey news before the advent of newspaper:
1. Inscriptions with royal decrees placed at public places was a custom in Egypt. Emperor Ashoka followed the same method to reach out to his subjects.
2. In the Roman Empire, royal decrees were written on papers and those were distributed in all regions. It also contained information of various events taking place in the nation and its capital.
3. During, the reign of' Julius Caesar 'Acta Diurna', meaning acts of everyday used to be placed at public places in Rome.
4. In the 7th century C.E., in China, royal dictates were distributed among people at public places.
5. In England handouts were distributed occasionally among people at public places giving information about war or any important events.
6. Travellers arriving from different faraway places would add spice to stories from those places and narrate the same to local people. The ambassadors of a king posted at various places would send back important news to the royal court.
In simple words: Before newspapers, communication methods included public inscriptions of royal decrees in places like Egypt and China, written imperial orders distributed in the Roman Empire, daily public announcements like 'Acta Diurna' in Rome, handouts for important events in England, and oral transmission of news by travelers and royal ambassadors.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify and provide examples of various ancient communication methods, highlighting their role in disseminating information before the printing press.

(b) Write information on Periodicals based on its types.
Answer:
Magazines and journals which are published at regular intervals are known as Periodicals.
Types:
• They are categorised as weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, six monthly and annual.
• There are some chronicles which are published at no fixed time.
Classification: Periodicals can be classified as popular and scholarly.
• If a periodical aims at specialists and researchers, it is a 'journal-1'. Articles are generally written by experts in the subject.
• Popular periodicals are magazines published with variety of content. They can be on fashion, sports, entertainment and films.
• Bharatiya Itihas ani Sanskruti and Marathwada Itihas Parishad Patrika are periodicals of present times. Periodicals are an important source to study history.
In simple words: Periodicals are publications released at regular intervals, categorized by frequency (weekly, monthly, etc.) and purpose, either as scholarly journals for experts or popular magazines for general interest, both serving as valuable historical sources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate periodicals by their publication frequency, content focus (scholarly vs. popular), and their utility as historical sources.

(c) Write about the important role of newspaper in the freedom struggle.
Answer:
1. The press was the chief instrument for carrying out the political tasks and propagation of nationalist ideology.
2. Both English and Vernacular press started by prominent "leaders like Gopal Ganesh Agarkar and Lokmanya Tilak acted as catalyst to the freedom struggle. They started 'Kesari' and 'Maratha' in 1881.
3. Newspapers played a great role in building up an increasingly strong national sentiment and consciousness among people. It was an instrument to arouse, train, mobilise and consolidate nationalist public opinion.
4. The newspapers were an effective tool in the hands of social reformers. They exposed social evils such as child marriage, ban on remarriage of the widows, inhuman institution as untouchability, caste fetters, etc. It became a weapon in their hands to educate masses.
5. A comparative study was presented in newspaper on western education, knowledge and national education.
6. Newspapers also discussed political institutions in India and the west. The main aim of these newspapers was not to gain profit but to serve the people.
In simple words: Newspapers were a crucial tool in India's freedom struggle, spreading nationalist ideology, fostering national consciousness, mobilizing public opinion, exposing social evils, and comparing educational and political systems, all aimed at serving the people rather than profit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight how newspapers served as a powerful medium for political awakening, social reform, and nationalist mobilization during the freedom struggle, citing examples like 'Kesari' and 'Maratha'.

(d) Give a short account of the development of Indian television.
Answer:
1. Television service started in India in 1959. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first Indian President, inaugurated the Delhi Doordarshan centre.
2. Mumbai centre began to telecast its programmes on 2nd October 1972.
Colour television was introduced in India on 15th August 1982.
3. The national telecast began in 1983. Doordarshan started Channels like DD Sports, DD Metro, news, etc. along with 10 regional channels.
4. In the year 1991, the Indian government gave permission to private, national and international channels to telecast in India.
5. Presently there are more than 800 national and regional channels. Some of them are exclusive news, sports, music, movies and religious channels which telecast programmes 24 hours a day.
In simple words: Indian television began in 1959 with Delhi Doordarshan, expanded to Mumbai in 1972, introduced colour telecasts in 1982, and saw national broadcasting with multiple channels by 1983. A significant shift occurred in 1991 with the entry of private channels, leading to today's diverse media landscape of over 800 channels.

🎯 Exam Tip: Chronologically list the key milestones in Indian television, from its inception and the introduction of colour TV to the launch of national channels and privatization.

(e) Distinguish between Newspapers and Magazines.
Answer:
Newspapers and magazines differ in their format, objectives and duration of getting published. The differences are noted below:

Newspapers	Magazines
1. Newspapers document the current events.	1. Magazines give no importance to current news.
2. News, articles, columns, editorials have importance in a newspaper.	2. Magazines give preferences to particular subject and publish articles on it.
3. Newspapers are also called 'Dailies' as they are published every day.	3. Duration of publication of magazine varies. Some are published weekly, fortnightly, monthly and annually.
4. The main purpose of newspaper is to report local, national and international news.	4. Instead of providing news, their content is entertaining and knowledge-based.
5. Newspapers make the people aware of the events happening in the society. They do not stick to any one subject.	5. Magazines are about a specific topic. On the basis of their appearance, size, readability, content and audience, magazines differ from newspapers.
6. Newspapers mostly write about current news. Whatever happens in the world appears in the newspaper within a span of 24 hours. It shapes public opinion and keep people updated about the activities of the government.	6. As magazines have lot of detailed information on specific topics they are considered as historical source.

In simple words: Newspapers focus on daily current events, offering diverse news, articles, and editorials to inform and shape public opinion, while magazines are published periodically, providing in-depth, entertaining, or knowledge-based content on specific subjects, making them valuable historical sources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly outline differences in publication frequency, content focus, immediacy of news, and purpose between newspapers and magazines, often best presented in a comparative table.

Brain Teaser

Across:
• Referred to as the 'First Editor'.
• A newspaper representing masses of the Indian society (Bahujan Samaj).
• Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar edited this journal.
• Letters by Lokhitvadi.

Down:
• The history of French Revolution was published in this newspaper.
• Newspaper started by James Augustus Hickey.
• First monthly magazine in Marathi.

• Pandit Narendra Sharma suggested this name for AIR.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक क्रॉसवर्ड पहेली का आंशिक चित्रण है, जिसमें 1, 2, 3 और 4 संख्यांकित पंक्तियों और स्तंभों को दिखाया गया है। यह "ब्रेन टीज़र" खंड से संबंधित है, जो छात्रों को मास मीडिया और इतिहास से संबंधित शब्दों को पहचानने में मदद करने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है।

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