ICSE Class 10 History and Civics Board Exam Question Paper 2022 with Solutions

ICSE Class 10 History And Civics Board Exam Question Paper 2022 with Solutions

PART I

Question 1. Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. (Do not copy the question. Write the correct answer only.) [10]

(i) The High Court judge can remain in office till he/she attains the age of ........... [1 Mark]
(a) 60 years
(b) 65 years
(c) 62 years
(d) 55 years

Answer: (c) 62 years

Teacher's Note:
a) High Court judges retire at the age of 62 years, whereas Supreme Court judges retire at 65 years.
b) Students often confuse the retirement age of High Court judges with that of Supreme Court judges.

(ii) Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the Lok Adalat? [1 Mark]
(a) It reduces the burden on High Courts
(b) Works on the spirit of Compromise
(c) The cases take a long time to get resolved
(d) It involves very less expenses

Answer: (c) The cases take a long time to get resolved

Teacher's Note:
a) Lok Adalats provide speedy and inexpensive justice, ensuring quick disposal of cases.
b) Read all options carefully to identify negative statements correctly in conceptual questions.

(iii) A person should have completed the age of.......... to be eligible for election as Vice-President. [1 Mark]
(a) 21 years
(b) 30 years
(c) 35 years
(d) 25 years

Answer: (c) 35 years

Teacher's Note:
a) The minimum age qualification for election as President and Vice-President of India is 35 years.
b) Memorize the age criteria for various constitutional offices such as Lok Sabha (25), Rajya Sabha (30), and President/Vice-President (35).

(iv) The President can declare a National/ General Emergency when............... [1 Mark]
(a) There is a threat to the security of the country
(b) There is financial instability in the country
(c) The Governor gives a report recommending Emergency
(d) The Election Commission recommends its proclamation

Answer: (a) There is a threat to the security of the country

Teacher's Note:
a) National emergency is proclaimed under Article 352 in case of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
b) Financial instability relates to Financial Emergency under Article 360.

(v) The Sessions Court deals with............cases. [1 Mark]
(a) Civil
(b) Criminal
(c) Constitutional
(d) Revenue

Answer: (b) Criminal

Teacher's Note:
a) At the district level, criminal cases are handled by the Sessions Court, while civil cases are handled by the District Court.
b) Do not mix up the jurisdictions of civil and criminal courts at the district level.

(vi) Which of the following countries is NOT a permanent member of the Security Council? [1 Mark]
(a) France
(b) China
(c) Germany
(d) Britain

Answer: (c) Germany

Teacher's Note:
a) The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are USA, UK, France, Russia, and China.
b) Germany is a non-permanent contender but not a permanent member.

(vii) The signatory Countries of the Triple Alliance were............... [1 Mark]
(a) Germany, France, Italy
(b) France, Britain, Russia
(c) Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary
(d) Britain, Russia, Italy

Answer: (c) Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary

Teacher's Note:
a) The Triple Alliance was formed in 1882 between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
b) Do not confuse the Triple Alliance with the Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia).

(viii) The full form of UNESCO is........ [1 Mark]
(a) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
(b) United Nations Economic, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
(c) United Nations Educational, Social and Cultural Organisation
(d) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Commercial Organisation

Answer: (a) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

Teacher's Note:
a) Accurate memorization of specialized agency expansions is essential for objective questions.
b) Watch out for closely worded distractors involving words like Economic or Social.

(ix) The Security Council consists of............ non-permanent members. [1 Mark]
(a) Fifteen
(b) Ten
(c) Five
(d) Six

Answer: (b) Ten

Teacher's Note:
a) The Security Council has 15 members in total: 5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.
b) Read carefully whether the question asks for total members or non-permanent members.

(x) The term Non-Alignment means........... [1 Mark]
(a) not to form any new alliance
(b) not to align with any of the power blocs
(c) not to participate in the world affairs
(d) to be part of military alliances

Answer: (b) not to align with any of the power blocs

Teacher's Note:
a) Non-Alignment means maintaining independence in foreign policy and not joining rival power blocs during the Cold War.
b) It does not mean isolationism or refusing to participate in world affairs.

PART II

SECTION A

Question 2. The Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers formulate and implement the policies which govern the country. In this context, answer the following questions :

(i) Under what circumstances can the President use his discretion to appoint the Prime Minister? On whose advice does he appoint Council of Ministers? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The President can use his discretion when no single party or coalition gets a clear majority in the Lok Sabha.
2. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Teacher's Note:
a) Presidential discretion applies only in hung Parliament situations.
b) The Prime Minister acts as the sole channel of advice between the Cabinet and the President.

(ii) What is meant by the term Collective Responsibility of ministers? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Collective responsibility means that the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha for all acts and policies of the government.
2. They swim together and sink together; if a vote of no-confidence is passed against one minister, the entire ministry must resign.

Teacher's Note:
a) Emphasize that responsibility is towards the Lok Sabha, not the Rajya Sabha.
b) Mentioning the phrase "swim together and sink together" adds precision to the answer.

(iii) Name the three categories of the Council of Ministers. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Cabinet Ministers
2. Ministers of State
3. Deputy Ministers

Teacher's Note:
a) List the three tiers clearly in hierarchical order.
b) Cabinet ministers hold independent charge of crucial portfolios and form the core decision-making body.

(iv) Mention any three powers of the Prime Minister with reference to the President. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The Prime Minister is the principal channel of communication between the President and the Council of Ministers.
2. He advises the President regarding the appointment and dismissal of ministers.
3. He advises the President on the summoning and proroguing of the sessions of Parliament and the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.

Teacher's Note:
a) Ensure points specifically highlight the relationship between the Prime Minister and the President.
b) Use correct constitutional terminology like "channel of communication" and "dissolution".

Question 3. The Supreme Court is at the apex of the entire system of judiciary. In this context, answer the following questions :

(i) What is the term of the Supreme Court judge? Name the procedure through which the judge can be removed. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. A Supreme Court judge holds office until he attains the age of 65 years.
2. They can be removed through the process of Impeachment.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention the exact age limit (65 years) and the term "Impeachment".
b) Judges can also resign earlier by writing to the President.

(ii) What is meant by Judicial Review? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Judicial Review is the power of the judiciary to examine the constitutional validity of legislative enactments and executive orders of the government.
2. If any law or order is found to be in violation of the Constitution, the Supreme Court can declare it null and void (ultra vires).

Teacher's Note:
a) Clearly state that it checks conformity with the Constitution.
b) Mentioning the power to declare laws null and void completes the definition.

(iii) Explain the term Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Mention any two kinds of cases which come under this jurisdiction. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Original jurisdiction refers to the power of the Supreme Court to hear certain types of cases directly in the first instance, without requiring an appeal.
2. Disputes between the Government of India and one or more States.
3. Disputes between two or more States.

Teacher's Note:
a) Define original jurisdiction clearly as cases that originate directly in the apex court.
b) Give precise examples of inter-governmental federal disputes.

(iv) Name any three writs which can be issued by the Supreme Court. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Habeas Corpus
2. Mandamus
3. Prohibition (or Certiorari / Quo-Warranto)

Teacher's Note:
a) The Supreme Court can issue five writs under Article 32 for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
b) Spell the names of the Latin writs correctly.

SECTION B

Question 4. The First World War had a devastating effect on the world and caused unprecedented destruction. With reference to the First World War, answer the following questions :

(i) Name the signatory countries of the Triple Entente. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Britain
2. France
3. Russia

Teacher's Note:
a) List all three Allied powers that formed the Triple Entente.
b) Do not confuse with the Central Powers.

(ii) What is meant by the term Imperialism? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Imperialism refers to the policy or practice of extending a nation's power and dominion over foreign nations by acquiring territories, political control, or economic exploitation.
2. European nations practiced imperialism in Asia and Africa to secure raw materials and markets.

Teacher's Note:
a) Focus on political and economic subjugation of weaker nations.
b) Link imperialism as a major underlying cause of World War I.

(iii) Explain the immediate cause of the First World War. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife.
2. The assassination took place on June 28, 1914, at Sarajevo in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist belonging to the 'Black Hand' society.
3. Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia and declared war, triggering the alliance system.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention the date, venue, victim, and perpetrator for full credit.
b) Explain how this localized event snowballed due to secret alliances.

(iv) What was the amount of war reparation that Germany had to pay the allies? Mention any two terms of the Treaty of Versailles which affected the German military. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Germany was required to pay a massive war reparation amounting to 33 billion dollars.
2. The German army was restricted to a maximum strength of 100,000 troops.
3. Compulsory military service was abolished, and the German navy was restricted with no submarines and a limited number of warships.

Teacher's Note:
a) State the financial penalty clearly.
b) Mention specific military restrictions imposed under the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 5. Look at the picture given and answer the questions that follow :

[Figure: Portrait photograph of Adolf Hitler in a military uniform]

(i) Identify the leader in the picture. What was the name given to the form of dictatorship practiced by him? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Adolf Hitler.
2. Nazism (or Fascism / Totalitarianism).

Teacher's Note:
a) Identify the personality accurately from the visual prompt.
b) Mention Nazism as the specific form of fascist dictatorship established in Germany.

(ii) State any two similar ideologies of the dictators. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Belief in totalitarian state control where the state is supreme and individual rights are suppressed.
2. Opposition to democracy, communism, and liberalism, coupled with extreme aggressive nationalism and imperialism.

Teacher's Note:
a) Common ideological traits included militarism, expansionism, and one-party dictatorship.
b) Avoid mentioning leader-specific traits when asked for shared ideologies.

(iii) What was the immediate cause of the Second World War? Mention any two reasons for it. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The immediate cause was Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939.
2. Dissatisfaction and harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles imposed on Germany.
3. Failure of the League of Nations to prevent aggressive acts by fascist powers like Japan, Italy, and Germany.

Teacher's Note:
a) Clearly cite the invasion of Poland and the specific date.
b) Link underlying background reasons such as the vindictive Treaty of Versailles.

(iv) Explain how the Japanese invasion of China became a cause for the Second World War. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and later launched a full-scale invasion of China in 1937 in pursuit of imperialist expansion.
2. The League of Nations failed to take effective punitive action against Japanese aggression, exposing its weakness.
3. This emboldened the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) to pursue aggressive expansion unchecked, paving the way for global conflict.

Teacher's Note:
a) Emphasize the failure of collective security and the League of Nations.
b) Connect Japanese expansionism in Asia with the outbreak of the global war.

Question 6. With reference to the United Nations Organisation, answer the following questions :

(i) State any two objectives of the United Nations Organisation. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. To maintain international peace and security through collective measures.
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination.

Teacher's Note:
a) Cite direct objectives from the UN Charter.
b) Focus on peace-keeping and promotion of international cooperation.

(ii) How many judges is the International Court of Justice composed of? What is their term? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The International Court of Justice is composed of 15 judges.
2. Their term of office is 9 years.

Teacher's Note:
a) Note that judges are elected by the General Assembly and Security Council.
b) Do not confuse the 9-year term of ICJ judges with standard 5-year UN terms.

(iii) Mention any three functions of the General Assembly. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Discusses any questions relating to international peace and security and makes recommendations thereon.
2. Approves the budget of the United Nations and apportions financial contributions among member states.
3. Elects non-permanent members of the Security Council, members of the Economic and Social Council, and appoints the Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Security Council.

Teacher's Note:
a) Highlight legislative, financial, and electoral functions of the General Assembly.
b) Use proper institutional terminology.

(iv) What is the full form of WHO? Mention any two of its functions. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. World Health Organisation.
2. To direct and coordinate international health work and combat major global diseases.
3. To promote the improvement of nutrition, housing, sanitation, and working conditions.

Teacher's Note:
a) State the full form accurately.
b) List practical public health functions carried out globally by WHO.