GSEB Class 9 Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 Organs of Government

1. Answer the Following Questions:

 

Question 1. What is the principle of division of power?
Answer: The principle of division of power is described below:
1. The government performs various functions for the state.
2. Although these functions are distinct, they often connect in many areas.
3. The three organs of government-Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary-each have different duties, and all these jobs need specific skills.
4. So, all three government branches are run by different individuals, and each branch carries out its unique operations.
5. If only one government body possessed all the authority, it would result in supremacy and the misuse of power. This would also impact national unity and overall well-being.
6. To prevent these problems, the government divided its powers into three parts among its three organs.
7. By separating powers, its misuse is avoided.
8. Moreover, the division of power makes a more efficient work system possible.
9. For instance, the Legislative branch has the authority to make laws, but some powers are also given to the Executive and the Judiciary to ensure that the Legislative branch does not misuse its powers to create laws that could harm the nation.
10. Similarly, the Executive branch is controlled by giving powers to the Legislative and the Judiciary. The Judicial system is also checked by giving power to the Legislative and the Executive.
11. Thus, we can conclude that powers are spread out so no government branch can claim complete authority over India's tasks, processes, or laws.
In simple words: The idea of dividing power means splitting government jobs into three parts: making laws, carrying them out, and judging. This prevents any one part from having too much control and helps everything work smoothly.

Exam Tip: When discussing the division of power, clearly define each of the three organs (Legislative, Executive, Judiciary) and explain how their separate functions contribute to preventing abuse of power and ensuring efficiency.

 

Question 2. What is eligibility of a member of Parliament?
Answer: The eligibility requirements for a candidate to become a member of the Lok Sabha are as follows:
The Candidate:
1. Must be a citizen of India and have a minimum age of 25 years.
2. Should not be mentally unstable, financially ruined, or a criminal.
3. Should not be a government employee.
Eligibility for a candidate to become a member of the Rajya Sabha:
The Candidate
1. Must be a citizen of India.
2. Should be 30 years of age or older.
3. Must not be mentally unstable, financially ruined, or a criminal.
4. Should not be a government employee or hold a position that provides profit.
In simple words: To be in Parliament, you must be an Indian citizen. For Lok Sabha, you need to be at least 25; for Rajya Sabha, at least 30. You also can't be mentally unstable, bankrupt, a criminal, or work for the government.

Exam Tip: Remember to specify the age requirement for both the Lok Sabha (25 years) and the Rajya Sabha (30 years) as this is a key differentiator between the two houses.

 

Question 3. What is the Quorum for the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?
Answer: The minimum number of Parliament members who must be present at any meeting for the decisions made during the proceeding to be considered valid is called the quorum.
Quorum of the Lok Sabha:
1. The minimum quorum should be 1/10th of the total members.
2. This means that to consider a decision of the Lok Sabha valid, a minimum of 55 out of 552 members should be present.
Quorum of the Rajya Sabha:
3. The minimum quorum should also be 1/10th of the total members.
4. This means that to consider a decision of the Rajya Sabha valid, a minimum of 25 out of 250 members should be present.
In simple words: Quorum is the smallest number of members who must be present for a Parliament meeting to officially make decisions. For both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, this number is 1/10th of their total members.

Exam Tip: Define "quorum" clearly and then state the specific numerical requirement (1/10th) and illustrate it with the actual numbers for both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to score full marks.

 

Question 4. How are the members of the Rajya Sabha elected?
Answer: There are 250 members in the Rajya Sabha (the current Rajya Sabha has 245 members (233+12)).
1. The members of the Rajya Sabha are indirectly chosen by the members of the Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabha) of the States and Union Territories through a system of equivalent representation.
2. In total, 238 members of the Rajya Sabha are elected.
3. The remaining 12 members are nominated by the President of India.
4. These nominated members are distinguished or famous individuals from the fields of literature, science, arts, culture, sports, and social service.
5. A person can only be a member of one House at a time.
In simple words: Rajya Sabha members are chosen indirectly by state lawmakers, not directly by the public. Some are also picked by the President from fields like arts and science.

Exam Tip: Highlight both the elected and nominated components of the Rajya Sabha, specifying the bodies responsible for each (State Legislative Assemblies and the President, respectively) and the number of members in each category.

 

Question 5. How is the Speaker the protector of the dignity of the House?
Answer:
1. The Speaker's main job is to oversee the proceedings of the Lok Sabha.
2. He leads and presides over the meetings or sessions of the Lok Sabha and ensures their proper operation and control.
3. The Speaker also ensures that members maintain discipline, and he upholds the order and dignity of the House. The Speaker's decision on these functions is final.
4. Therefore, based on the Speaker's duties and responsibilities, it can be stated that he protects the House's dignity.
In simple words: The Speaker keeps order in the Lok Sabha, making sure members follow rules and that debates are fair. Their final decisions help keep the House respected and dignified.

Exam Tip: Focus on the Speaker's roles in maintaining order, enforcing rules, presiding over sessions, and making final decisions to explain how they protect the House's dignity.

 

Question 6. Describe the emergency powers of the President.
Answer:
(a) National Emergency:
If the President is convinced that India's security, or any part of its territory, is in danger due to war, external attack, or armed rebellion, he can declare an Emergency for the entire country or any of its regions. This declaration of Emergency cannot be questioned in court.
(b) Constitutional Emergency:
1. Based on the Governor's report, the President can declare a constitutional emergency in that specific state.
2. He can impose 'Presidential Rule' by dissolving the state cabinet ministry.
(c) Financial Emergency:
1. In the event of a Financial Emergency, the President can decrease the salaries of all government officials, including judges of the Supreme Court and the High Court.
2. So, the President holds vast executive and administrative powers, and although all administration is considered to be in the President's hands and done in his name only,
3. In reality, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers enjoy these powers.
In simple words: The President has three types of emergency powers: National Emergency (for war/rebellion), Constitutional Emergency (when a state government fails), and Financial Emergency (to cut salaries during a financial crisis).

Exam Tip: Clearly categorize the three types of emergencies (National, Constitutional, Financial) and for each, provide a brief explanation of the circumstances under which it can be declared and its primary implications.

 

Question 7. What is the process of Impeachment?
Answer:
1. Impeachment is a special process through which the President can be removed from his position before his term ends.
2. A President can be impeached for violating the Constitution.
3. The process for removing the President can start in either of the two Houses of Parliament.
4. The House begins the process by making accusations against the President.
5. A resolution to impeach the President must be passed by a 2/3rd majority of the House's total members.
6. The resolution is then sent to the other House for investigating the accusations.
7. If the second House also approves the accusations with a 2/3rd majority, the President is removed from office.
8. During the impeachment process, the President has the right to defend himself.
In simple words: Impeachment is how the President can be removed from office for breaking the Constitution. It starts with charges in one House of Parliament, needs a 2/3rd vote there, then goes to the other House for investigation and another 2/3rd vote. The President can defend himself throughout.

Exam Tip: Outline the key steps of the impeachment process: initiation in either house, requirement for a 2/3rd majority in both houses, and the President's right to defend themselves.

 

Question 8. Mention the powers of the Parliament.
Answer:
1. The Parliament has two Houses-the Lok Sabha (the Lower House of Parliament) and the Rajya Sabha (the Upper House of Parliament).
2. The Parliament guides, directs, and informs the government.
3. The Question Hour, which begins the Parliament session, is an important method through which MPs (Members of Parliament) can get information about how the government is working. This is a very important way for Parliament to control the executive.
4. In all financial matters, Parliament's approval is essential for the government.
5. The Parliament creates new laws for the entire country and also modifies or cancels existing ones if needed.
6. It passes the Union Government's budget. It also has the authority to vote for a budget reduction or reject it completely.
7. The Parliament can remove the President of India through impeachment.
8. It can also impeach Supreme Court and High Court judges if they are found violating the Constitution or misusing their status.
In simple words: Parliament makes laws, controls the government's actions, approves budgets, and can remove the President or judges. It has two parts: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

Exam Tip: When listing parliamentary powers, ensure you include legislative (making laws), financial (budget), and oversight (controlling the executive, impeachment) functions to provide a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 9. State the institutes of Local Self-Governance.
Answer: The Rural Institutions of Local Self-Governance are:
1. Gram Panchayat (Village Panchayat at the Village level)
2. Panchayat Samiti (Taluka Panchayat at the Taluka level)
3. Zilla Parishad (District Panchayat at the District level)
The Urban Institutions of Local Self-Governance are:
1. Municipality (Nagarpalika)
2. (Municipal Corporation) Mahanagarpalika
3. Megacity - Mahanagar Nigam.
In simple words: Local Self-Governance includes rural bodies like Gram Panchayat, Taluka Panchayat, and Zilla Parishad, and urban bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, and Mahanagar Nigams.

Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between rural and urban institutions of local self-governance, providing specific examples for each category to ensure a complete answer.

 

Question 10. State the vices of bureaucracy.
Answer:
1. The government has two organs-Political Executive and Administrative Executive.
2. The Political Executive formulates various policies in different areas. The detailed and effective implementation of these policies is carried out by the Administrative Executive.
3. Expert, professionally skilled, and experienced public servants in various fields form the foundation of the government. These public servants are known as bureaucrats.
4. The government's power and influence are becoming more concentrated in the bureaucracy.
5. Nepotism, corruption, dishonesty, inefficiency, misconduct, and avoidance of responsibility are the negative aspects of bureaucracy.
In simple words: Bureaucracy, while important for policy implementation, can suffer from issues like nepotism, corruption, inefficiency, and a tendency to centralize power, which are considered its drawbacks.

Exam Tip: When discussing the vices of bureaucracy, focus on elements like corruption, inefficiency, and the concentration of power, as these are commonly cited drawbacks of such systems.

 

2. Explain Giving Reasons for the Following Statements:

 

Question 1. Indian Parliament is bicameral.
Answer:
1. A bicameral legislature divides the lawmakers into two separate houses or assemblies.
2. In India, we have two Houses at the central level. The Lower House is known as the Lok Sabha, whereas the Upper House is called the Rajya Sabha.
3. Similarly, at the state level, the legislature also has two Houses.
4. The Lower House of the state is called the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly), whereas the Upper House is called the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council).
5. Since India's legislature is divided into two Houses at both the central and state levels, it is called bicameral.
In simple words: India's Parliament is called bicameral because it has two houses, both at the central level (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and in many states (Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad).

Exam Tip: To explain why the Indian Parliament is bicameral, clearly state that it consists of two houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and mention that this structure is replicated in some state legislatures as well.

 

Question 2. Rajya Sabha is a permanent house.
Answer:
1. The Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of Parliament, whose members come from various fields such as culture, sports, science, and so on.
2. These members are not directly elected by the public, so they are not directly accountable to the people.
3. Unlike the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha cannot be dissolved.
4. Its members are chosen for a term of six years, and 1/3rd of its members retire every second year.
5. The Rajya Sabha always stays active and is independent of general elections in the country.
6. Due to all these reasons, it is said that the Rajya Sabha is a permanent house and is not subject to dissolution.
In simple words: The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house because it cannot be dissolved like the Lok Sabha. Its members serve for six years, with a third of them retiring every two years, ensuring continuous functioning.

Exam Tip: Emphasize that the Rajya Sabha is permanent due to its continuous nature, where one-third of members retire every two years, preventing complete dissolution, unlike the Lok Sabha.

 

Question 3. Parliament in India is not supreme, but the Constitution is considered supreme.
Answer:
1. One of Parliament's main tasks is to create laws for the country.
2. Proposals for laws are made in Parliament, thoroughly discussed and read, and if considered proper, the laws are drafted and implemented.
3. A country operates according to its existing laws. Therefore, Parliament has extensive powers.
4. However, Parliament cannot create laws that go against the Constitution's guidelines.
5. If Parliament has drafted and passed a law, the Constitution can override and reject it.
6. Thus, even though Parliament is the supreme body for making laws in the country, the Constitution is considered supreme.
In simple words: In India, the Constitution is supreme, not Parliament. While Parliament makes laws, it cannot create laws that violate the Constitution, and any such law can be overturned.

Exam Tip: Explain that Parliament's law-making power is subject to the Constitution. The Constitution's ability to overrule parliamentary laws establishes its supremacy in India.

 

Question 4. Independent and impartial judiciary is the foundation of democracy.
Answer:
1. Democracy works on the principle of government by the people, for the people, and of the people.
2. India is a democratic country and truly follows this principle.
3. Fully upholding this principle, India gave complete authority to the judiciary to provide justice to people according to judicial laws and the Constitution.
4. Neither the legislative nor executive branches can interfere in judicial matters. This helps the judiciary to give justice to the people without pressure from legislative and executive branches or influence from individuals associated with these organs. By doing so, citizens can truly enjoy the benefits of democracy.
5. Therefore, it is said that an independent and impartial judiciary is the basis of democracy.
In simple words: An independent and fair judiciary is vital for democracy because it ensures justice for all citizens without pressure from the government or other powerful groups, allowing people to trust the system.

Exam Tip: Emphasize that an independent judiciary guarantees fair justice, prevents governmental overreach, and upholds citizens' rights, making it indispensable for a functioning democracy.

 

Question 5. The Institutes of Local Self-Governance are the training schools and laboratory of constitutional improvement in a democracy.
Answer: Advantages of Local Self-Rural Governance:
1. The Institutes of Local Self-Governance give people training on how to conduct elections, vote, perform duties, assume responsibilities, handle administration, and deal with ruling and opposing parties.
2. Under this system, the region gets a chance for self-development.
3. Since development and welfare start at the grass-root level, it can be expanded to higher levels of governance. This helps in closing the gap and improving the system of the entire nation.
4. As a result, local self-governance institutions are known as the training schools and laboratories of constitutional improvement in democracy.
In simple words: Local Self-Governance institutions help teach people about elections, duties, and administration, fostering self-development from the ground up. This makes them important learning places for improving democracy.

Exam Tip: Focus on how local self-governance provides practical experience in democratic processes (elections, administration) and promotes development from the grassroots, linking these benefits to its role as a "training school" for democracy.

 

Question 6. The State Legislative Assembly is the representative of people's desires.
Answer:
1. The Legislative Assembly creates laws and policies that are then put into practice in the state.
2. A state's policies form the basis for the welfare of its people and the state itself.
3. Political executives seek help from administrative executives to formulate these policies.
4. Administrative executives consist of expert, professionally skilled, and experienced public servants in areas like foreign relations, defense, security forces, international trade and commerce, nuclear energy, production, distribution, banking, insurance, and foreign exchange.
5. These administrative executives are always in touch with the state's people.
6. They understand the state's culture, trends, and socio-economic and religious patterns.
7. Based on their deep understanding and knowledge of administrative executive and their connection with the political executive, the Legislative Assembly creates policies that fulfill the people's wishes and benefit them.
8. Thus, the State Legislative Assembly represents the people's desires.
In simple words: The State Legislative Assembly represents people's desires by creating laws and policies based on public understanding and expert advice. It aims to fulfill the wishes and welfare of the state's residents.

Exam Tip: Explain that the Legislative Assembly reflects people's desires by formulating policies after understanding local needs and socio-economic patterns, often with input from administrative experts.

 

Question 7. Governor plays a key role between the Centre and the State.
Answer:
1. The Governor serves as the constitutional and formal head of the state.
2. The President of India appoints the Governor, aiming for the Governor to work for the nation's welfare and progress in the best possible way.
3. Then the Governor appoints the state's Chief Minister as well as the Council of Ministers.
4. He also appoints the Advocate General, the Chairman, and members of the State Public-Service Commission.
5. All these appointed individuals work for the state's welfare.
6. Although these people work for the state, they also help build a strong and progressive nation.
7. Choosing a correct and eligible cabinet guides the nation toward prosperity.
8. Thus, the Governor forms an important part of the connection between the Centre and the State and therefore plays a vital role between them.
In simple words: The Governor is a key link between the central and state governments. Appointed by the President, the Governor ensures state administration aligns with national goals and also appoints state ministers.

Exam Tip: Highlight the Governor's dual role: as the constitutional head of the state and as an appointee of the President, making them a crucial bridge for communication and coordination between the Centre and the State.

 

Question 8. Lok Sabha is the key public organisation of the nation.
Answer:
1. The Lok Sabha is the Lower House of Parliament.
2. It represents the entire population of India.
3. The representatives from states in the Lok Sabha are directly chosen by the public from various states.
4. People elect them to meet their demands for the nation.
5. The Council of Ministers is collectively accountable to the Lower House of Parliament. So, if the government does something not for the people's welfare, it must provide an explanation and reasons for its actions.
6. So, the Lok Sabha controls the executive. This ensures that the executive cares for the people who elected them.
7. If the executive does not perform correctly, the Lok Sabha, on behalf of the people, can warn it and ask it to correct its mistake.
8. Therefore, it is rightly stated that the Lok Sabha is the key public organization of the nation.
In simple words: The Lok Sabha is important because it directly represents the people, holds the government accountable, and ensures the executive works for public welfare. It's where the voice of the nation is truly heard.

Exam Tip: Explain that the Lok Sabha's direct election by the people and its power to hold the Council of Ministers accountable make it a central and essential public institution in a democracy.

 

Question 9. An amicable relation between the political executive and the administrative executive is a pre-requisite for the smooth governance of the nation.
Answer:
1. The political executive formulates various policies in different areas, while the administrative executive carries them out.
2. A state's policies can be quite beneficial for its people and the state. But, if they are not put into practice effectively, then they would be useless.
3. Based on their qualifications and direct public contact, administrative executives advise and guide political executives on policy formation and changes.
4. It provides necessary information and data to the political executive so they can create better policies. However, the political executive is not obligated to follow its advice.
5. The administrative system (or executive) provides essential support to the political executive for the effective implementation of these policies.
6. Their expertise, high-level knowledge, administrative insight, broad experience, foresight, and administrative efficiency help them to manage the state's administration effectively.
7. With respect to government organs, the political executive acts as the brain behind the people's welfare, whereas the administrative executive acts as the limbs.
8. Hence, a friendly relationship between the political executive and the administrative executive is necessary for the nation's smooth governance.
In simple words: Good governance needs cooperation between political leaders (who make decisions) and administrative officers (who carry them out). If they work well together, policies are implemented smoothly, benefiting the whole nation.

Exam Tip: Emphasize that political executives formulate policies, and administrative executives implement them. A harmonious relationship between them ensures effective policy execution and efficient governance, which is vital for national progress.

 

Question 10. Efficient and bold public servants are the backbone of the government.
Answer:
1. The political executives formulate various policies in different areas, while the administrative executives put them into practice.
2. The policies of a state can be quite beneficial for its people and the state. But, if they are not implemented effectively, they would be useless.
3. Based on their qualifications and direct public contact, administrative executives who work as public servants advise and guide political executives on policy formation and changes.
4. These public servants offer essential support to the political executive for the effective implementation of these policies.
5. Public servants include expert, professionally skilled, and experienced individuals in fields such as foreign relations, defense, security forces, international trade and commerce, nuclear energy, production, distribution, banking, insurance, foreign exchange, etc.
6. Their expertise, high-level knowledge, administrative insight, extensive experience, foresight, and administrative efficiency help them effectively manage the state administration.
7. If these public servants bravely present the people's needs and reject political executives' proposals that are not in the people's favor, they can achieve amazing things for the state.
8. Due to all these reasons, it is stated that efficient and courageous public servants are the government's backbone.
In simple words: Effective and brave public servants are crucial because they implement policies, provide expert advice, and sometimes even challenge political decisions to ensure the government truly works for the people. Their skills and courage form the core support of good governance.

Exam Tip: Highlight the multi-faceted role of public servants: implementing policies, offering expert advice, and having the courage to uphold public interest, which collectively makes them the "backbone" of effective government.

 

3. Write Short Notes On:

 

Question 1. Position of the Governor and his functions.
Answer: The Governor:
1. Just like the President, the Governor is the constitutional and formal head of the state.
2. The Governor's position in a state is comparable to that of the President at the central level.
3. The Governor may belong to any political party, but after taking office, he must perform his duties firmly and impartially.
4. All executive powers of the state government are vested in him.
5. Normally, the Governor of a state is the ex-officio Chancellor of all universities in the state.
6. He summons and prorogues the sessions of the State Legislature.
7. He can dissolve the state assembly before its term expires.
8. He can also issue ordinances.
9. A Bill passed by the State Legislature becomes a law only after the Governor approves it.
10. Although the Governor possesses extensive power and authority, his powers are actually exercised by the Chief Minister and his Council. However, the Governor can also exercise certain powers independently.
In simple words: The Governor is the state's official head, similar to the President federally. Appointed by the President, the Governor ensures state functions, appoints ministers, and acts as a link between the state and central government, though most powers are exercised by the Chief Minister.

Exam Tip: For the Governor's position, remember to include their role as the constitutional head, their appointment by the President, and their key functions in relation to the state legislature and ministry. Also, mention their independent powers.

 

Question 2. Executive powers of the State Legislative Assembly.
Answer:
1. The most important function of the Legislative Assembly is to serve as the state's highest law-making body.
2. In a unicameral State Legislature, all Bills on subjects in the state list are initiated and passed by this House before being sent to the Governor for his approval.
3. In bicameral State Legislatures, Money Bills can only be introduced in the Legislative Assembly.
4. The Chief Minister and his Council of Ministers are collectively accountable for their actions to the Legislative Assembly.
5. The Ministers, including the Chief Minister, remain in power only as long as they have the confidence of the majority of the Legislative Assembly members.
6. The Assembly alone reviews the reports of the state's Public Service Commission.
In simple words: The State Legislative Assembly's main job is to make laws for the state. It also holds the Chief Minister and their ministers accountable, meaning they stay in power only if the Assembly trusts them.

Exam Tip: When describing executive powers, focus on the Legislative Assembly's role in law-making, its exclusive power over Money Bills in bicameral states, and its crucial function of holding the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers accountable.

 

Question 3. Position and the executive powers of the Prime Minister.
Answer: Position of the Prime Minister:

• The Prime Minister is the actual head of the Central Government.
• He also serves as the Chairman of NITI Aayog.
• He is a member of any one house of the Parliament.

Executive Powers:
1. The Prime Minister selects the ministers of his choice who can help him in his duties. This group of ministers is known as the Council of Ministers.
2. The President appoints this council of Ministers based on the Prime Minister's advice.
3. He distributes the portfolios to these ministers, meaning he decides which minister will oversee which work in the country.
4. The Prime Minister has the authority to choose, remove, or allow a minister to continue in the Cabinet.
5. He presides over Cabinet meetings and also supervises the functioning of various departments of the Cabinet.
6. The Prime Minister also makes decisions on important matters brought to him by the Cabinet.
In simple words: The Prime Minister is the actual leader of the central government, choosing ministers, assigning them roles, overseeing Cabinet meetings, and making key decisions, always guided by their vision for the nation.

Exam Tip: For the Prime Minister's role, emphasize their status as the real head of government, their power to choose and allocate portfolios to ministers, and their leadership of Cabinet meetings and overall government functioning.

 

Question 4. Legislative and administrative powers of the President.
Answer: Legislative Powers:
1. He calls the sessions of both Houses of Parliament.
2. He can dissolve the Lok Sabha.
3. A Bill passed by Parliament can only become law after the President's signature.
4. The President can also send an Ordinary Bill back to Parliament for reconsideration.
5. He allows the annual budget to be presented in the Lok Sabha.
Administrative Powers:
1. The President appoints the leader of the party that has won a majority in the general election as the Prime Minister.
2. Furthermore, as per the Prime Minister's advice, he appoints the other ministers in the Prime Minister's Cabinet.
3. The President cannot dissolve the Cabinet as long as it has the support of the majority of Lok Sabha members.
4. He administers the oath of secrecy and assigns portfolios to all ministers.
5. The President is the head of the country's defense forces.
6. The President has the power to declare war, end a war, or conclude treaties with other countries.
7. He appoints the judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, state Governors, the Attorney General, the Comptroller and Auditor General.
8. He appoints the head of the defense forces, the chairman of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), and ambassadors to various nations.
In simple words: The President has legislative powers like summoning Parliament, dissolving the Lok Sabha, and signing bills into law. Administratively, they appoint the Prime Minister, other ministers, and key officials, and act as head of the defense forces.

Exam Tip: When detailing the President's powers, separate legislative (e.g., assenting to bills, dissolving Lok Sabha) from administrative (e.g., appointing PM, judges, defense chiefs) to provide a clear and structured answer.

 

Question 5. How does a Bill become an Act? Explain procedure.
Answer:
1. A proposed idea to create a desired law is called a Bill.
2. A Bill can be proposed in any House of Parliament.
3. Parliament performs the important work of changing old laws, creating new laws, and canceling outdated ones.
4. A large number of Bills are proposed under various categories in Parliament. The three important types of Bills are:

• Ordinary Bill,
• Money and Financial Bill, and
• Constitution Amendment Bill.

5. Any of these Bills needs to pass through various stages to become an Act of Law.
6. In case of disagreements between the two Houses regarding a Bill, the President calls a Joint Session of both Houses to discuss and resolve the matter.
7. The Speaker serves as the Chairman of the Joint Session.
8. The Bill can then be passed by a majority vote.
9. When the majority of members of both Houses pass the proposed Bill, it then becomes an Act (Law) after the President gives his assent.
In simple words: A Bill is a proposed law. It must pass through both Houses of Parliament, often needing a majority vote. If there's a disagreement, a joint session can be called. Once both Houses approve and the President signs it, the Bill becomes an Act (law).

Exam Tip: Clearly outline the journey of a Bill: introduction in either house, passage by both houses (potentially through a joint session), and the final assent of the President for it to become an Act.

 

Question 6. Constitution provisions regarding the Money Bill.
Answer:
Money Bill:
1. A bill that contains money-related issues like imposing or removing taxes, budgets, and so on, is called a Money Bill.
2. A Money Bill can be presented only in the Lok Sabha.
3. It is the Speaker of Lok Sabha who determines whether the proposed Bill is a Money Bill.
4. The central government's budget is typically presented near the end of February in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister.
The Money Bill passes through the following process:
1. The Money Bill passed by the Lok Sabha is initially sent to the Rajya Sabha for suggestions.
2. The Rajya Sabha must examine it and return it to the Lok Sabha with required suggestions within 14 days.
3. If the Rajya Sabha fails to return the Money Bill to the Lok Sabha within 14 days, the Bill is then treated as if the Rajya Sabha has already approved it.
4. The Lok Sabha may either accept or decline some or all of the suggestions from the Rajya Sabha.
5. If the Lok Sabha approves the suggestions from the Rajya Sabha, the Bill is then deemed passed by both the Houses of the Parliament.
6. Therefore, concerning Money Bills, the Rajya Sabha possesses restricted authority.
7. When the Money Bill is passed by both the Houses of the Parliament, it goes to the President for approval, and the President must sign the Money Bill.
In simple words: Money Bills deal with taxes and government spending. They start in the Lok Sabha, which also decides if a bill is a Money Bill. After the Lok Sabha passes it, the Rajya Sabha gets 14 days to suggest changes, but cannot block it. If the Lok Sabha accepts the suggestions or if the Rajya Sabha doesn't respond in time, the bill is considered passed by both houses. The President then signs it to make it law.

Exam Tip: Remember that Money Bills originate only in the Lok Sabha, and the Rajya Sabha has restricted powers regarding them, primarily limited to making recommendations within a 14-day timeframe.

 

Question 7. The usefulness and limitations of the Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
Usefulness of the Rajya Sabha:
1. It is a lasting chamber and cannot be disbanded.
2. Compared to the Lok Sabha, the members of the Rajya Sabha are often older, with more expertise and wisdom.
3. The members of Rajya Sabha are able to be chosen for the cabinet ministry.
4. In the absence of the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha could become controlling and exclusive.
Limitations of the Rajya Sabha:
1. Several actions taken by the Lok Sabha are duplicated in the Rajya Sabha. This is needless, and the process is costly and lengthy.
2. Since the Rajya Sabha cannot be disbanded, it offers protection to members who perform poorly.
In simple words: The Rajya Sabha is a constant body that cannot be dissolved. Its members are typically experienced. It prevents the Lok Sabha from gaining too much power. However, it can repeat tasks already done by the Lok Sabha, which wastes time and money, and might protect inactive members since it's permanent.

Exam Tip: When discussing the Rajya Sabha, highlight its role as a continuous body providing stability and checks on power, while also acknowledging its limitations like potential for redundancy and protection of underperforming members.

 

Question 8. Choose the correct option.
Question 1. What is the decided age for the member of the Legislative Assembly?
(a) 25 years
(b) 30 years
(c) 35 years
(d) 18 years
Answer: (a) 25 years
In simple words: The minimum age set for someone to become a member of the Legislative Assembly is 25 years.

Exam Tip: Remember the minimum age requirements for different legislative bodies; 25 years for Legislative Assembly members is a common factual detail.

 

Question 2. How many members are there in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?
(a) 545, 245
(b) 455, 350
(c) 182,11
(d) 543,238
Answer: (a) 545, 245
In simple words: The Lok Sabha has 545 members, and the Rajya Sabha has 245 members.

Exam Tip: Memorize the current strength of both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, as these numbers are frequently asked in exams.

 

Question 3. Which Indian State does not have Two House of the Legislative?
(a) Karnataka
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (c) Tamil Nadu
In simple words: Tamil Nadu is an Indian state that currently does not operate with two legislative houses.

Exam Tip: Be aware of the states that have bicameral legislatures (two houses) versus unicameral legislatures (one house), as this is a key aspect of state governance.

 

Question 4. Who appoints the judges of the Supreme Court?
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Governor
(c) President
(d) Vice President
Answer: (c) President
In simple words: The President is responsible for selecting the judges of the Supreme Court.

Exam Tip: Understand the roles of key constitutional authorities; the President's power to appoint Supreme Court judges is an important function.

 

Question 5. What is the time period of the members of the Lok Sabha?
(a) 4 years
(b) 6 years
(c) 2 years
(d) 5 years
Answer: (d) 5 years
In simple words: Members of the Lok Sabha typically serve for a period of five years.

Exam Tip: Know the tenure of members in both houses of Parliament; the Lok Sabha's 5-year term is a fundamental aspect of its structure.

 

Question 6. In which House does the President appoint two Anglo-Indian members?
(a) Rajya Sabha
(b) Lok Sabha
(c) Goa Legislative Assembly
(d) Planning Commission
Answer: (b) Lok Sabha
In simple words: The President has the power to nominate two Anglo-Indian members to the Lok Sabha.

Exam Tip: Recall specific provisions regarding nominations to Parliament, such as the President's power to appoint Anglo-Indian members to the Lok Sabha when their representation is insufficient.

 

Question 7. Who administers the oath of secrecy to the Prime minister?
(a) Vice President
(b) President
(c) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
(d) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Answer: (b) President
In simple words: The President conducts the oath of secrecy for the Prime Minister.

Exam Tip: Identify the roles of constitutional functionaries, particularly who administers oaths to high-ranking officials like the Prime Minister.

 

Question 8. Match the pairs:
Administrative Organisations
1. District Sevasadan
2. Municipal Corporation
3. District Panchayat
Administrative Heads
A. Mayor
B. D.D.O.
C. Collector
D. Commissioner
(a) 1-A, 2-C, 3-D
(b) 1-C, 2-D, 3-B
(c) 1-B, 2-C, 3-D
(d) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B
Answer: (b) 1-C, 2-D, 3-B
In simple words: For these administrative units, the District Sevasadan is headed by a Collector, the Municipal Corporation by a Commissioner, and the District Panchayat by a D.D.O.

Exam Tip: Understanding the administrative structure at different levels and the officials heading them is important for questions on local governance.

 

Question 9. How many members are nominated by the President in the Rajya Sabha?
(a) 238
(b) 12
(c) 2
(d) 14
Answer: (b) 12
In simple words: The President nominates twelve members to the Rajya Sabha.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between elected and nominated members in Parliament; 12 members are nominated by the President to the Rajya Sabha from specific fields.

 

Question 10. Who presents the budget in the Parliament?
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Home Minister
(c) Finance Minister
(d) Member of the Parliament
Answer: (c) Finance Minister
In simple words: The Finance Minister is the one who presents the annual budget in the Parliament.

Exam Tip: Know the key responsibilities of cabinet ministers; the Finance Minister's role in presenting the budget is a fundamental duty.

Gujarat Board Class 9 Social Science Organs of Government Additional Important Questions and Answers

 

Question 1. Which qualification are required to become the candidate of India's President?
Answer: To become the President of India, the candidate:
1. must be an Indian citizen and at least 35 years old.
2. must not be a paid government employee or possess any position that offers financial gain.
3. must not be a member of either House of Parliament or a State Legislative Assembly.
In simple words: To become India's President, a person needs to be an Indian citizen, at least 35 years old, not hold a government job for salary or profit, and not be a member of Parliament or a State Legislative Assembly.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the constitutional qualifications for high offices like the President, including age, citizenship, and disqualifications related to office of profit.

 

Question 2. When can the President Rule be imposed in any state?
Answer: During a constitutional crisis, the President may impose 'President's Rule' by disbanding the state's cabinet ministry; this type of situation is known as President's Rule.
In simple words: President's Rule can be imposed in a state during a constitutional emergency, where the President takes control by dissolving the state's government.

Exam Tip: Understand the conditions under which President's Rule (Article 356) can be imposed, primarily when the constitutional machinery in a state breaks down.

 

Question 3. Describe the formation of the Lok Sabha.
Answer: The Lok Sabha is the primary chamber of the Parliament.
1. It is the People's House.
2. Its representatives are chosen straight by the public.
3. The highest number of members for the Lok Sabha allowed by the Indian constitution is 552.
4. Currently, this House has 545 members, with 543 chosen directly by voters and 2 members from the Anglo-Indian Community appointed by the President of India.
In simple words: The Lok Sabha is the main house of Parliament, representing the people directly. Its members are chosen by voters. The constitution permits up to 552 members. Currently, there are 545 members, with 543 elected and two Anglo-Indian members nominated by the President.

Exam Tip: When describing the Lok Sabha, highlight its direct election, its role as the 'House of the People', and its maximum and current strength, including nominated members.

 

Question 4. Give brief idea about the structure of Legislature.
Answer: Legislature (or Legislative body):
The government division responsible for making and approving all laws in the country is known as the Legislature or Legislative body.
Structure of Legislature: Depending on how many chambers it has, a country's legislature can be of two main kinds:
1. Uni-cameral Legislature: When the law-making body consists of just one chamber, it is called a One House Legislature or Uni-cameral Legislature.
2. Bi-cameral Legislature: When the law-making body is made up of two chambers, it is called two Houses i.e. Legislative or Bi-Cameral Legislature.
In simple words: The Legislature is the part of government that creates laws. It can be unicameral (with one house) or bicameral (with two houses), depending on its structure.

Exam Tip: Define 'Legislature' and clearly differentiate between unicameral and bicameral systems, providing a simple explanation for each type.

 

Question 5. Give a brief idea about the structure of Legislature i.e., Legislative body in India.
Answer: Indian Legislature:
1. India is a democratic republic, governed by the laws and framework set up by the Parliament.
2. The Parliament of India is the highest body for making and approving laws in India.
3. The Indian Parliament includes the President of India, the Lok Sabha, and the Rajya Sabha working together.
Composition of the Parliament i.e, Legislature at Central (Union) Level:
The Indian legislature at the central government level is bicameral. This means that the Parliament, which makes laws for the entire country, has two chambers.
These two Houses of Parliament called: the Upper House (called Rajya Sabha or Council of States) and the Lower House (called Lok Sabha or House of People)
1. The representatives in Parliament are known as Members of Parliament or MPs.
2. The Union Legislature comprises the President, the Lok Sabha, and the Rajya Sabha.
Composition of Legislature at state level:
1. The state-level legislature in India is mostly unicameral but bicameral in some states.
2. The two state-level chambers are known as the Upper House (Vidhan Parishad or Legislative Council) and the Lower House (Vidhan Sabha or Legislative Assembly).
3. The members of the Legislative Assembly are referred to as MLAs, or Member of Legislative Assembly.
4. Since most Indian states operate with a unicameral legislature, meaning they have only one chamber for law-making. This house is the Lower House i.e. Vidhan Sabha or Legislative Assembly.
5. Certain states, such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, possess a bicameral legislature, thus having two houses for making laws.
In simple words: India is a democratic republic whose laws are made by the Parliament. The Indian Parliament is the main law-making body and consists of the President, the Lok Sabha (Lower House), and the Rajya Sabha (Upper House). At the central level, it's a bicameral system with two houses. State legislatures are mostly unicameral but some are bicameral, with members called MLAs.

Exam Tip: When discussing the Indian Legislature, always mention its bicameral nature at the Union level and list the three components of the Indian Parliament: President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Also, outline the variations in state-level legislative structures.

 

Question 6. Give an idea about Legislative Council its term, selection of its members and their candidature.
Answer: Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad)
1. Legislative Council is the state-level law-making body.
2. It is also known as the Upper House, or Vidhan Parishad.
3. Every state determines if it wishes to establish a Legislative Council.
4. Certain states, including Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Jammu and Kashmir, and Karnataka, possess Legislative Councils.
Term of Legislative Council:
1. The Legislative Council is a lasting chamber, meaning it cannot be disbanded.
2. Similar to the Rajya Sabha, each of its members is chosen for a period of six years.
3. One-third of its members step down every two years.
Eligibility for a candidate to become a member of Legislative Council:
1. The person applying must be an Indian citizen and at least 30 years old.
2. The individual should not be mentally unfit, financially ruined, or have a criminal record.
3. Its members are chosen from local self-governance bodies, registered university graduates, and teachers from secondary and higher secondary schools.
In simple words: The Legislative Council, also known as the Vidhan Parishad, is the Upper House at the state level. States choose whether to have one. It's a permanent body, similar to the Rajya Sabha, where members serve for six years, with one-third retiring every two years. Candidates must be Indian citizens, at least 30, and not mentally unstable, bankrupt, or criminal. Members are elected from local governance bodies, graduates, and teachers.

Exam Tip: For the Legislative Council, focus on its status as a state-level Upper House, its permanent nature, member tenure (6 years), the staggered retirement of its members (1/3rd every 2 years), and the eligibility criteria for candidates.

 

Question 7. Differentiate between Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council.
Answer:
Legislative Assembly
1. Legislative Assembly is also known as the Lower House or Vidhan Sabha.
2. Its tenure is five years, after which it is disbanded.
3. Members step down once their term concludes.
4. To become a member, the person applying must be at least 25 years old.
5. Gujarat's Vidhan Sabha has 182 members.
Legislative Council
1. It is also known as the Upper House or Vidhan Parishad.
2. It is a lasting chamber, meaning it cannot be disbanded.
3. Its members are chosen for a period of six years.
4. One-third of its members step down every two years.
5. To become a member, the person applying must be at least 30 years old.
6. Gujarat does not currently have a Vidhan Parishad, therefore the number of its members is not applicable.
In simple words: The Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the Lower House, lasting 5 years, with members aged 25 or more. The Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) is the Upper House, permanent with members serving 6 years (1/3rd retiring every 2 years), who must be 30 or older. Not all states have a Legislative Council.

Exam Tip: When differentiating, compare the term length, age eligibility, and whether the house is permanent or subject to dissolution for both the Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council.

 

Question 8. Explain the objectives of institutions of Local Self-Governance under Panchayati Raj.
Answer:
(a) Objectives of Institutions of Local Self-Governance:
1. Under Panchayati Raj, the authority of the Central Government is distributed down to the village level. Every village would then take charge of its own well-being.
2. This idea was called Swaraj, meaning 'self-governance' or 'self-rule'.
3. Because of this concept, local self-governance bodies have been created at the local level.
4. Depending on the area, government duties and roles are split into local organizations to improve administrative effectiveness.
5. In this administrative model, local residents choose representatives from their villages, towns, or cities who then oversee the well-being of those areas.
6. Villagers choose their representatives to form the Panchayat.
7. Each Panchayat selects a President or Sarpanch.
8. The Sarpanch holds the top and most significant role within the Gram Panchayat system.
9. The village's administrative leader is known as the 'Talati-cum-Minister,' who manages the Panchayat's operations.
10. A village where elections are conducted unanimously, and the Sarpanch is chosen by universal consent, is recognized as 'Samras Gram.' Such a village also receives a special prize for this accomplishment.
(b) Panchayat Samiti i.e., Taluka Panchayat (at Taluka level):
1. The Panchayat Samiti is the intermediate (or second) level of the Panchayati Raj system.
2. All villages within a Taluka fall under the purview of the Panchayat Samiti.
3. The head of the Panchayat Samiti is known as the 'Pradhan' or President.
4. The leader of the administrative division is called the Taluka Development Officer (TDO).
(c) Zilla Parishad i.e., District Panchayat (at District level):
1. The Zilla Parishad is at the top of the three-tier Panchayati Raj framework.
2. A Chief Executive Officer manages the District Panchayat. Also, there are many chairpersons lead different committees within the District Panchayat.
3. The District Development Officer (DDO) serves as the administrative leader.
4. The primary office of the district panchayat is located at the district headquarters.
5. These three levels of panchayats together create a robust administrative system.
6. Every level is linked to the others, from the highest to the lowest.
7. To ensure successful local development, government plans, and welfare programs, the three tiers of Local Self-Governance institutions receive necessary funds and supplies.
In simple words: Panchayati Raj decentralizes government power to villages, fostering self-governance. Local people elect representatives to manage their areas, with a Sarpanch leading the Gram Panchayat and a Talati-cum-Minister handling administration. At the intermediate level, the Taluka Panchayat (Panchayat Samiti) is led by a Pradhan and managed by a TDO. The Zilla Parishad (District Panchayat) tops the three-tier system, having a Chief Executive Officer and DDO. These tiers work together, ensuring local development through proper funding and resources.

Exam Tip: When discussing Panchayati Raj objectives, break it down into the three tiers (Gram Panchayat, Taluka Panchayat, Zilla Parishad), describing their structure, key officials, and how they contribute to local administration and development.