GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 9 उपकारहतस्तु कर्तव्यः

Choose Suitable Answers From The Given Alternatives.

Question 1. पुरुषैरधिष्ठितः शकारः कीदृशः आसीत्?
(क) पाशबद्धः
(ख) पश्चाद्बाहुबद्धः
(ग) प्रसन्नः
(घ) दुःखितः
Answer: (ख) पश्चाद्बाहुबद्धः
In simple words: The character Shakara was found with his hands tied behind his back. This describes his physical state when he appeared.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to descriptive words in Sanskrit texts as they often provide important details about characters or situations.

Question 2. 'किमहं यद् ब्रवीमि तत् क्रियते।' इति वचनं कस्य?
(क) नगरजनस्य
(ख) शर्विलकस्य
(ग) शकारस्य
(घ) चारुदत्तस्य
Answer: (घ) चारुदत्तस्य
In simple words: This statement, meaning "Whatever I say, let that be done," was spoken by Charudatta, showing his authority.

Exam Tip: Identifying the speaker of important lines helps in understanding the character's role and influence in the narrative.

Question 3. 'एवं तर्हि श्वभिः खाद्यातम्।' एतद् वाक्यं कः वदति?
(क) शूद्रक:
(ख) चारूदत्तः
(ग) शर्विलकः
(घ) शकारः
Answer: (ग) शर्विलकः
In simple words: This phrase, which means "Then let him be eaten by dogs," was spoken by Sharvilaka, suggesting a harsh punishment.

Exam Tip: Understanding phrases expressing extreme actions helps grasp the intensity of conflict and character emotions in the story.

Question 4. शकारः – आश्चर्यम् .......... अस्मि ।
(क) जीवितः
(ख) प्रत्युज्जीवितः
(ग) उज्जीवितः
(घ) मुक्तः
Answer: (ख) प्रत्युज्जीवितः
In simple words: Shakara says "Amazingly, I am revived." The word means "restored to life," showing his surprise at being saved.

Exam Tip: Fill-in-the-blank questions often test vocabulary and contextual understanding of key terms in the text.

Question 5. कः .......... सन्देहः?
(क) ततः
(ख) यतः
(ग) अत्र
(घ) इतः
Answer: (ग) अत्र
In simple words: The sentence means "What doubt is here?" The missing word "अत्र" means "here," making the complete phrase clear.

Exam Tip: For sentence completion, choose the word that logically fits the meaning and grammatical structure of the sentence.

Question 6. सः .......... सह निर्गच्छति।
(क) पुरुषैः
(ख) पुरुषं
(ग) पुरुषाय
(घ) पुरुषः
Answer: (क) पुरुषैः
In simple words: The phrase means "He goes out with men." The word "पुरुषैः" is in the instrumental plural, meaning "by/with men."

Exam Tip: Understanding Sanskrit case endings (विभक्ति) is crucial for correctly identifying how nouns relate to the verb in a sentence.

Question 7. शर्विलकः .......... प्रति पश्यति।
(क) चारुदत्ताय
(ख) चारुदत्तं
(ग) चारुदत्तेन
(घ) चारुदत्तात्
Answer: (ख) चारुदत्तं
In simple words: The sentence means "Sharvilaka looks towards Charudatta." The word "चारुदत्तं" is in the accusative case, which is used with "प्रति" (towards).

Exam Tip: Remember that certain prepositions like "प्रति" govern specific cases (here, accusative) for the noun they modify.

Question 8. यदि एवं...................... श्वभिः खाद्याताम्।
(क) तथा
(ख) यत्र
(ग) तत्र
(घ) तर्हि
Answer: (घ) तर्हि
In simple words: This phrase means "If so, then let him be eaten by dogs." The missing word "तर्हि" means "then," completing the conditional statement.

Exam Tip: Conditional sentences in Sanskrit often use "यदि" (if) followed by "तर्हि" (then). Recognizing this pattern helps in filling blanks.

Write The Types Of Compound Of Underlined Words.

Question 1. अहह! अभयम् अभयं शरणागतस्य।
Answer: शरणागतस्य – शरणम् आगतः, तस्य-द्वितीय तत्पुरुष समास।
In simple words: The word "शरणागतस्य" is a compound word. It means "one who has come for refuge." This type of compound is called a "second Tatpurusha Samasa," where the second word is dependent on the first.

Exam Tip: To identify a Tatpurusha Samasa, look for a compound where the first word is in a case relationship with the second, often implying "of," "for," or "to."

Question 2. आः अपनीयताम् अयं चारुदत्तपार्धात्।
Answer: चारुदत्तपार्धात्- चारुदत्तस्य पार्श्वम्, तस्मात् – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास।
In simple words: The word "चारुदत्तपार्धात्" is a compound. It signifies "from the side of Charudatta." This is a "sixth Tatpurusha Samasa," indicating a possessive or relational dependency between the words.

Exam Tip: A sixth Tatpurusha Samasa (षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास) often involves a possessive relationship, similar to "of X" in English. Break down the compound to find the underlying case relationship.

Question 3. उपकारहतः कर्तव्यः।
Answer: उपकारहतः – उपकारेण हतः – तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास।
In simple words: The term "उपकारहतः" is a compound word. It means "killed by kindness." This is a "third Tatpurusha Samasa," showing that the action (killed) is performed by the means of the first word (kindness).

Exam Tip: A third Tatpurusha Samasa (तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास) typically shows the instrument or agent of an action, answering "by whom" or "by what."

Write Answers In Sanskrit.

Question 1. शकारः चारुदत्तम् उपसृत्य किं कथयति?
Answer: शकारः चारुदत्तम् उपसृत्य कथयति, “आर्यचारुदत्त, परित्रायस्व, परित्रायस्व।”
In simple words: Shakara approaches Charudatta and says, "Noble Charudatta, save me, save me." He pleads for protection.

Exam Tip: When answering in Sanskrit, reproduce the dialogue or description directly from the source text, ensuring correct grammatical forms.

Question 2. नेपथ्ये पौराः किं कथयन्ति?
Answer: नेपथ्ये पौराः कथयन्ति, “व्यापादयत, किनिमित्तं पातकी जीव्यते?”
In simple words: From behind the curtain, the citizens say, "Kill him! Why should this sinner be allowed to live?" They demand punishment.

Exam Tip: Contextual answers require you to recall what different characters or groups say in specific situations within the play.

Question 3. कृतापराधः शत्रुः यदि शरणमुपेत्य पादयोः पतितः तदा किं करणीयम्?
Answer: कृतापराधः शत्रुः यदि शरणमुपेत्य पादयोः पतितः तदा सः शस्त्रैः न हननीयः (हन्तव्यः वा)।
In simple words: If an enemy who has committed a crime comes for shelter and falls at one's feet, then he should not be killed with weapons. One should show mercy.

Exam Tip: This question tests your understanding of the ethical principles or moral dilemmas presented in the chapter.

Question 4. उपकारेण कः हतः?
Answer: उपकारेण कृतापाराध: शत्रुः शकारः हतः (स्यात्)।
In simple words: The criminal enemy, Shakara, was metaphorically "killed" or overcome by kindness. This refers to Charudatta's act of forgiveness.

Exam Tip: Consider the deeper meaning of actions and their consequences, especially when a character's fate is influenced by an act of benevolence.

Fill In The Blanks By Word Form.

Answer The Following Questions In Mother Tongue:

Question 1. Of what does Shakara have to suffer the result?
Answer: Shakara has to experience the results of his crime. He had taken Vasantsena's life and then managed to prove that Charudatta had done it. He must now suffer the consequences for this deceitful act.
In simple words: Shakara must face the consequences of his actions. He killed Vasantsena and falsely blamed Charudatta, so he now suffers for his trickery.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the crime committed and the specific actions that led to the character's suffering, as mentioned in the story.

Question 2. In what form does Shakara view Charudatta now?
Answer: Shakara now views Charudatta as a kind and respectable person who shows affection towards anyone seeking his protection. He sees him as a benevolent protector.
In simple words: Shakara now sees Charudatta as a noble and caring person. He believes Charudatta protects those who ask for help.

Exam Tip: Focus on how the character's perception changes and the reasons behind this shift in view, based on events in the story.

Question 3. What kind of punishment does Sharvilaka consider to give to Shakara?
Answer: Sharvilaka thinks about giving Shakara a severe punishment. He suggests that Shakara should be tied up tightly and then fed to dogs, or he could be hanged or even cut down with a saw.
In simple words: Sharvilaka wants to punish Shakara harshly. He considers tying him up and feeding him to dogs, or hanging him, or cutting him with a saw.

Exam Tip: List all the forms of punishment considered by the character, ensuring you capture the severity and variety of the proposed actions.

GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit उपकारहतस्तु कर्तव्यः Additional Important Questions And Answers

Choose The Correct Answer From The Given Alternatives:

Question 1. 'समन्ततः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः?
(क) finally
(ख) last but one
(ग) on all sides
(घ) near
Answer: (ग) on all sides
In simple words: The word means "everywhere" or "from all directions," referring to something present on all sides.

Exam Tip: For vocabulary questions, knowing the precise meaning of Sanskrit words is essential to pick the correct English equivalent.

Question 2. 'राष्ट्रियबन्धः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः?
(क) bondage of country
(ख) king's brother-in-law
(ग) Patriot
(घ) dam
Answer: (ख) king's brother-in-law
In simple words: This word refers to a close male relative of the king, specifically his brother-in-law.

Exam Tip: Compound words in Sanskrit often have specific meanings that combine the individual parts. Understand the components to grasp the full meaning.

Question 3. 'नेपथ्ये' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ:?
(क) behind the curtain
(ख) curtain
(ग) in a room
(घ) stage
Answer: (क) behind the curtain
In simple words: This term means "backstage" or "behind the theatrical curtain," referring to actions or dialogues not visible to the audience.

Exam Tip: In drama-related Sanskrit texts, "नेपथ्ये" is a technical term indicating an off-stage action or announcement.

Question 4. 'अनुष्ठीयताम्' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ:?
(क) follow
(ख) imitation
(ग) let it be done
(घ) do
Answer: (ग) let it be done
In simple words: The word signifies "may it be accomplished" or "let it be performed," indicating a command or permission for an action.

Exam Tip: Understanding imperative and passive voice forms in Sanskrit verbs helps in accurately translating such terms.

Question 5. 'श्वभिः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः?
(क) future
(ख) in future
(ग) dogs
(घ) by dogs
Answer: (घ) by dogs
In simple words: This term is in the instrumental case, meaning "with/by dogs," often used to describe an action done by dogs.

Exam Tip: Recognizing instrumental case endings helps identify the agent or instrument of an action in a Sanskrit sentence.

Question 6. 'क्रकचः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ:?
(क) crab
(ख) saw
(ग) saw toothed
(घ) spear
Answer: (ख) saw
In simple words: The word refers to a tool with teeth used for cutting, commonly known as a saw.

Exam Tip: Visualizing the meaning of nouns helps in correctly identifying their English equivalents.

Question 7. 'भट्टारकः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ:?
(क) son of a brahmin
(ख) disciple
(ग) master, king
(घ) sinner
Answer: (ग) master, king
In simple words: This honorific term means "lord," "master," or "king," indicating a person of high rank or authority.

Exam Tip: Many Sanskrit words have multiple meanings; choose the most appropriate one based on the context of the story.

Question 8. 'पातकी' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ:?
(क) one who makes the other fall
(ख) sin
(ग) cruel
(घ) sinner
Answer: (घ) sinner
In simple words: This word describes a person who has committed a sin or wrongdoing, hence a sinner.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between the act (sin) and the person performing the act (sinner) when translating such terms.

Question 9. 'पाट्यताम्' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः?
(a) should be sawed
(b) may it be sawed
(c) may it be eaten up
(d) may him be stood up
Answer: (a) should be sawed
In simple words: This verb form means "it should be cut" or "let it be sawed," suggesting an action of cutting with a saw.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the passive voice and imperative mood in Sanskrit verbs to understand the intended action and its recommendation.

Question 10. 'हन्तव्यः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः?
(क) kill
(ख) worthy to be killed
(ग) having killed
(घ) for killing
Answer: (ख) worthy to be killed
In simple words: The word indicates that someone or something deserves to be killed, meaning "worthy of being slain."

Exam Tip: Terms ending in -तव्य often denote obligation or worthiness, indicating "should be" or "fit to be."

Question 11. 'प्रत्युज्जीवितः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ:?
(क) restored to life
(ख) new life
(ग) revival
(घ) one who has got life again
Answer: (क) restored to life
In simple words: This word means "brought back to life" or "revived," implying a return from near death.

Exam Tip: Understanding prefixes like "प्रति" (again) and roots like "जीव्" (to live) helps in deciphering complex Sanskrit words.

Choose The Correct Answer From The Given Alternatives:

Question 1. 'तत्कमिदानीम् अशरणः शरणं व्रजामि?' एतद्वचनं कः वदति?
(क) शूद्रक:
(ख) शकारः
(ग) शर्विलक:
(घ) चारुदत्तः
Answer: (ख) शकारः
In simple words: This statement, meaning "To whom shall I, helpless, go for refuge now?" is spoken by Shakara, expressing his desperation.

Exam Tip: Identify the speaker of emotionally charged lines to understand their character's state of mind and motivation.

Question 2. शकारः ............ परित्रायस्व परित्रायस्व। रिक्तस्थाने उचितं पदं किम्?
(क) आर्यशर्विलक
(ख) आर्यशूद्रक
(ग) आर्यचारुदत्त
(घ) आचार्यदेव
Answer: (ग) आर्यचारुदत्त
In simple words: Shakara says, "Noble Charudatta, save me, save me." The missing word "आर्यचारुदत्त" is the respectful address to Charudatta.

Exam Tip: Contextual fill-in-the-blank questions often require knowledge of how characters address each other in the play.

Question 3. ........ संखाद्यताम् अयं पातकी' इति शर्विलकः वदति।
(क) व्याघ्रः
(ख) हिंस्रैः पशुभिः
(ग) कुक्कुरैः
(घ) क्रकचैः
Answer: (ग) कुक्कुरैः
In simple words: Sharvilaka suggests, "Let this sinner be devoured by dogs." The missing word "कुक्कुरैः" means "by dogs."

Exam Tip: Look for the grammatical case and implied action to determine the most suitable word to complete a Sanskrit sentence.

Question 4. 'भट्टारक चारुदत्त, शरणागतोऽस्मि।' इदं वचनं कः वदति?
(क) शकारः
(ख) नागरिकः
(ग) शर्विलकः
(घ) शूद्रकः
Answer: (क) शकारः
In simple words: The statement, meaning "Master Charudatta, I have come for refuge," is spoken by Shakara as he seeks protection.

Exam Tip: Identifying direct speech and its speaker helps trace character interactions and plot developments.

Question 5. 'उपकारहतस्तु कर्तव्यः' इति वचनं कः वदति?
(क) शूद्रक
(ख) शकार
(ग) शर्विलक:
(घ) चारुदत्तः
Answer: (घ) चारुदत्तः
In simple words: This powerful statement, meaning "One should be killed by kindness," is spoken by Charudatta, advocating for forgiveness rather than revenge.

Exam Tip: Key philosophical statements in a text often reflect the main character's moral stance and are important to remember.

उपकारहतस्तु कर्तव्यः Introduction:

This extract from the last act of 'मृच्छकटिकम्' composed by Shudraka makes us think. When Sharvilaka and citizens want Shakara to be sentenced, why does Charudatta forgive him? His unusual response may be because Vasantsena, his beloved, is known to be alive and the good news makes him magnanimous. He says, “The humbled foe who seeks thine aid thou mayest not smile with steely blade.” He wants cruelty to be paid with kindness. You are too young to appreciate this, but remember: there are many ways to respond to a situation. Love thy enemies and drive them crazy is one of the ways.