GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 6 सर्वं चारुतरं वसन्ते

1. विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चित्वा लिखित्-

Question 1. वसन्ते पवनः कीदृशो भवति?
(क) सुगन्धिः
(ख) कठोरः
(ग) मृदुः
(घ) उष्णः
Answer: (क) सुगन्धिः
In simple words: In the spring season, the wind has a pleasant scent. It feels fresh and nice.

Exam Tip: For descriptive questions like this, identify the key characteristic being asked about (here, the wind's quality) and select the option that best describes it from the text.

Question 2. कः मधुरैः वचोभिः मनः निवृन्ति?
(क) मयूरः
(ख) वायसः
(ग) कोकिलः
(घ) चटक:
Answer: (ग) कोकिलः
In simple words: The cuckoo bird pleases the mind with its sweet sounds. Its melodious voice brings joy to people.

Exam Tip: When a question asks about who performs an action, carefully read the options to determine which character or creature is responsible according to the text.

Question 3. रेखांकितपदस्य समासनाम लिखत वापीजलाना सौभाग्य ददाति ।
(क) तत्पुरुषः
(ख) षष्ठीतत्पुरुषः
(ग) द्वंद्वः
(घ) इतरेतरद्वंद्वः
Answer: (ख) षष्ठीतत्पुरुषः
In simple words: The term 'वापीजलाना' refers to the water of the ponds. This word uses the Genitive Tatpurusha compound, showing a possessive relationship.

Exam Tip: Understanding Sanskrit grammar, especially samasa (compounds), is important. Practice identifying different types of compounds based on their structure and meaning to score well in such questions.

Question 4. 'पद्म' इति शब्दस्य अर्थः कः?
(क) lotus
(ख) leg
(ग) Wooden clogs (पादुका)
(घ) crop
Answer: (क) lotus
In simple words: The Sanskrit word 'पद्म' means 'lotus'. It is a common term for this flower.

Exam Tip: Build a strong vocabulary of Sanskrit words and their English meanings. This will help you answer direct meaning questions quickly and accurately.

Question 5. ‘वदनम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दं चित्वा लिखित –
(क) वादः
(ख) मुखम्
(ग) वादनम
Answer: (ख) मुखम्
In simple words: The word 'वदनम्' means 'face'. A suitable synonym for it is 'मुखम्'.

Exam Tip: Learn common synonyms and antonyms in Sanskrit. This helps in understanding nuanced meanings and answering questions that require identifying related words.

2. अधोलिखितानां प्रश्नानाम् संस्कृतभाषायाम् उत्तराणि लिखत –
Write answers of given questions in sanskrit.

Question 1. वसन्तः सौभाग्य कस्मै ददाति?
Answer: वसन्तः वापीजलेभ्यः प्रमदाजनेभ्यः आम्रद्रुमेभ्यः च सौभाग्यं ददाति।
In simple words: Spring gives beauty to pond waters, to women, and to mango trees. It enhances the charm of these elements.

Exam Tip: When answering in Sanskrit, ensure correct case endings (vibhakti) for nouns and appropriate verb forms to maintain grammatical accuracy. Practice sentence construction.

Question 2. अलकाः कीदृशाः सन्ति?
Answer: अलकाः चला: नीलाः च सन्ति।
In simple words: The tresses (अलकाः) are moving and blue. They possess a vibrant and beautiful appearance.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to adjectives used in the text to describe nouns. They are key to answering questions about characteristics or qualities.

Question 3. लाक्षारसरञ्जितानि वासांसि कीदृशानि सन्ति?
Answer: लाक्षारसरञ्जितानि वासांसि तनूनि सन्ति।
In simple words: The garments dyed with lac juice are thin. These clothes are light and delicate.

Exam Tip: Remember to include all relevant descriptive words from the text when answering questions about an item's qualities. Here, both "dyed with lac juice" and "thin" are crucial.

Question 4. यूनां मनः कः हन्ति?
Answer: कोलिः यूनाः मनः हन्ति।
In simple words: The cuckoo (कोलिः) captivates the minds of young people. Its songs greatly influence them.

Exam Tip: For questions asking "who" or "what" causes an effect, identify the subject and its action clearly. Ensure the verb agrees with the subject.

Question 5. वसन्ते जलं कीदृशं भवति ?
Answer: वसन्ते जलं सपद्यं भवति।
In simple words: In spring, the water is filled with lotuses. The ponds look beautiful with these flowers.

Exam Tip: When describing the state of something, use the appropriate adjective and verb form. "सपद्यं भवति" accurately conveys "becomes full of lotuses."

3. मातृभाषायां उत्तराणि लिखत -
Answer the following questions in Mother tongue:

Question 1. What does the spring season give and to whom?
Answer: The spring season gives beauty to the water of ponds. It also bestows charm on ladies wearing jewel waist-bands and shining like the moon, as well as on mango trees bent with the load of blossoms.
In simple words: Spring gives beauty to pond waters, ladies with shining waist-bands, and blossoming mango trees.

Exam Tip: For "to whom" questions, list all recipients mentioned in the text. Ensure each recipient and the gift they receive are clearly stated.

Question 2. On the basis of the poem write five sentences on the spring.
Answer: Everything appears more lovely in the spring season. The trees are covered with many flowers. Lotuses enhance the beauty of the ponds, and the wind feels fragrant, filling people's hearts with affection. The red Plash flowers and attractive Karnikar flowers arouse love in young individuals, and the sweet notes of the cuckoo birds further intensify their delightful agony. Women wear colorful flowers in their hair, which increases their overall beauty.
In simple words: Spring makes everything beautiful, with trees full of flowers and fragrant wind. Lotuses decorate ponds, and cuckoos' sweet calls excite youths. Women also wear pretty flowers in their hair, adding to their charm.

Exam Tip: When summarizing, ensure you cover a variety of aspects mentioned in the poem, such as nature's elements (trees, flowers, water, wind) and their effect on people, to provide a comprehensive description.

4. 'अ' विभागस्य शब्दैः सह 'आ' विभागस्य शब्दान् योग्यरीत्या योजयत –
Match the following

Question 1.
क
1. सलिलम्
2. प्रदोषाः
3. प्रमदाजनानाम्
4. गुरूणि वासांसि
5. जनः धत्ते
ख
(i) अलकेषु
(ii) विहाय
(iii) तनूनि वासांसि
(iv) सपद्यम्
(v) सुखाः
(vi) पवनः
Answer:
1. सलिलम् – सपद्मम्
2. प्रदोषः – सुखाः
3. प्रमदाजनानाम् – अलकेषु
4. गुरूणि वासांसि – विहाय
5. जनः धत्ते – तनूनि वासांसि
In simple words: Match the words in column 'क' with their correct pairs in column 'ख'. 'सलिलम्' matches with 'सपद्मम्', 'प्रदोषः' with 'सुखाः', 'प्रमदाजनानाम्' with 'अलकेषु', 'गुरूणि वासांसि' with 'विहाय', and 'जनः धत्ते' with 'तनूनि वासांसि'.

Exam Tip: For matching questions, understand the relationship between the words. It could be synonym, antonym, description, or action. Carefully connect each item from column A to its best match in column B.

GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit सर्वं चारुतरं वसन्ते Additional Important Questions and Answers

(A) Based on the lesson:

1. अधोलिखितेभ्यः विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चिनुत –
Choose the correct answer from the following options.

Question 1. 'द्रुमाः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) tree
(ख) trees
(ग) creepers
(घ) leaves
Answer: (क) tree
In simple words: The Sanskrit word 'द्रुमाः' means 'tree'. It refers to a single tree.

Exam Tip: Be precise with singular and plural forms when translating. 'द्रुमाः' can refer to a tree or trees depending on context, but here 'tree' is given as the correct answer, implying the singular usage.

Question 2. 'सलिलम्' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) water
(ख) Lotus
(ग) flowers
(घ) garden
Answer: (क) water
In simple words: The word 'सलिलम्' translates to 'water'. It is a Sanskrit term for water.

Exam Tip: Memorizing Sanskrit vocabulary is crucial for questions about word meanings. Practice with flashcards or lists to improve recall.

Question 3. 'प्रदोषः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः?
(क) big fault
(ख) day
(ग) nightfall (beginning) of the night
(घ) sin
Answer: (ग) nightfall (beginning) of the night
In simple words: 'प्रदोषः' means the start of the night or nightfall. It refers to the early evening period.

Exam Tip: Some Sanskrit words have specific meanings related to time or subtle distinctions. Understand these nuances to select the most accurate option.

Question 4. 'चारुतरम्' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ:?
(क) beautiful
(ख) more beautiful
(ग) fit to be chewed
(घ) fit to loitering
Answer: (ख) more beautiful
In simple words: The word 'चारुतरम्' signifies 'more beautiful'. It is a comparative form, meaning lovelier than something else.

Exam Tip: Recognize comparative and superlative suffixes in Sanskrit words. '-तर' indicates a comparative degree ("more"), while '-तम' indicates a superlative ("most").

Question 5. 'वापी' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) one village
(ख) well
(ग) tank
(घ) oblong or circular reservoir of water
Answer: (घ) oblong or circular reservoir of water
In simple words: 'वापी' refers to an oblong or circular water reservoir. It is a type of pond or tank.

Exam Tip: Be precise in your definitions. While 'well' or 'tank' might seem close, the option that gives a more specific or complete description is usually the correct one for such questions.

Question 6. 'मेखला' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) waist-band
(ख) an ornament
(ग) necklace
(घ) armlet
Answer: (क) waist-band
In simple words: 'मेखला' means a 'waist-band'. It is an ornament worn around the waist.

Exam Tip: Focus on the primary and most common meaning of a word in the given context. If multiple options are ornaments, choose the one that precisely describes 'मेखला'.

Question 7. 'प्रमदा' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) false pride
(ख) very proud
(ग) drunk intoxicated
(घ) young lady
Answer: (घ) young lady
In simple words: The word 'प्रमदा' means a 'young lady'. It refers to a youthful woman.

Exam Tip: Context is key in understanding the meaning of words. In poetry, 'प्रमदा' often refers to women or young ladies, especially in romantic or celebratory settings.

Question 8. 'अलकाः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) looks of hair
(ख) hair on the head
(ग) long varrels of milk
(घ) lazy
Answer: (क) looks of hair
In simple words: 'अलकाः' refers to the 'looks of hair'. It describes the appearance of tresses.

Exam Tip: Be careful with similar-sounding options. While related to hair, 'looks of hair' captures the essence of style or appearance more accurately than just 'hair on the head' in a poetic context.

Question 9. 'वासांसि' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) places of residence
(ख) garments
(ग) ornament
(घ) fragrant flowers
Answer: (ख) garments
In simple words: The term 'वासांसि' translates to 'garments'. It refers to clothes or attire.

Exam Tip: Many Sanskrit nouns have different forms for singular and plural. Ensure you understand the general meaning of the root word regardless of its grammatical form.

Question 10. 'विहाय' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) to leave
(ख) left
(ग) having left
(घ) fit to be left
Answer: (ग) having left
In simple words: 'विहाय' means 'having left'. It is a gerund, showing an action completed before another.

Exam Tip: Recognize verb forms like gerunds (absolutive participles) which indicate that one action has been performed and then another follows. The suffix '-य' often denotes this meaning.

Question 11. 'तूर्णम्' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) grass
(ख) dry tree
(ग) quickly
(घ) moving
Answer: (ग) quickly
In simple words: The word 'तूर्णम्' means 'quickly'. It indicates speed or promptness.

Exam Tip: Build a strong vocabulary of adverbs. Words like 'तूर्णम्' describe how an action is performed and are important for complete sentence understanding.

Question 12. 'किंशुकम्' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) young one of a parrot
(ख) red flowers
(ग) flower of keruda
(घ) lotus
Answer: (ग) flower of keruda
In simple words: 'किंशुकम्' refers to the 'flower of Keruda'. This is a specific type of flower.

Exam Tip: When dealing with names of plants or specific items, try to recall the exact term or closest description from the text or glossary. The Keruda tree is known for its beautiful red flowers.

Question 13. 'ततूनि' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) fat
(ख) thin
(ग) bodies
(घ) children
Answer: (ख) thin
In simple words: 'ततूनि' means 'thin'. It describes something as slender or fine.

Exam Tip: Ensure you differentiate between similar-sounding words or those with closely related meanings. Always opt for the most accurate translation in the context.

Question 14. 'कर्णिकारम्' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ?
(क) flower of karnikar
(ख) ornament of ear
(ग) one yellow flower
(घ) the loose end of ear
Answer: (क) flower of karnikar
In simple words: 'कर्णिकारम्' signifies the 'flower of Karnikar'. This is a particular kind of flower.

Exam Tip: For specific botanical terms, it's best to stick to the direct translation provided in the text or glossary. Avoid generic descriptions if a specific name is available.

Question 15. 'मनोज:' इति शब्दस्थ काः अर्थ?
(क) beautiful
(ख) attractive
(ग) cupid
(घ) thought
Answer: (ग) cupid
In simple words: 'मनोज:' means 'Cupid'. It is another name for the god of love.

Exam Tip: Many Sanskrit words have multiple meanings. When referring to proper nouns or specific deities, choose the meaning that is an established name or title.

2. अधोलिखितेभ्यः विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चिनुत
Choose the correct answer from the following options.

Question 1. What are the tress like in the spring season.
(क) dry
(ख) green
(ग) full of flowers
(घ) beautiful
Answer: (ग) full of flowers
In simple words: In spring, the tresses (hair) are adorned with many flowers. They are not just beautiful but specifically full of blossoms.

Exam Tip: When multiple options seem plausible, pick the one that is most descriptive and directly supported by the text. "Full of flowers" is a specific detail.

Question 2. What is water like in the spring reason.
(क) cold
(ख) with lotuses
(ग) warm
(घ) hot
Answer: (ख) with lotuses
In simple words: The water in spring is characterized by the presence of lotuses. Ponds and lakes are filled with these beautiful flowers.

Exam Tip: For descriptions, look for specific details rather than general qualities. The presence of lotuses is a key feature of water in the spring, as mentioned in the poem.

Question 3. What is wind like in the spring season.
(क) fragrant
(ख) stormy
(ग) calm
(घ) full of light
Answer: (क) fragrant
In simple words: In the spring season, the wind carries a sweet smell. It is known for being fragrant and pleasing.

Exam Tip: Recall specific adjectives used in the text to describe natural elements. The fragrance of the spring wind is a recurring theme in such poetry.

Question 4. What is the beginning of the night like in spring season?
(क) painful
(ख) pleasant
(ग) dark
(घ) bright
Answer: (ख) pleasant
In simple words: The start of the night in spring is enjoyable. It is described as a pleasant and agreeable time.

Exam Tip: Understand how the season's characteristics apply to different times of day. Spring evenings are generally depicted as beautiful and delightful in poetry.

Question 5. How is everything in the spring season.
(क) very beautiful
(ख) attractive
(ग) colourful
(घ) strange
Answer: (घ) strange
In simple words: In the spring season, everything seems unusual or different. There's a peculiar charm in the air.

Exam Tip: Sometimes, the answer might not be a direct positive attribute but something that evokes a unique feeling. 'Strange' might imply a captivating and uncommon beauty in this context.

Question 6. What does the spring season bestow on water of the well.
(क) coolness
(ख) sweetness
(ग) beauty
(घ) strange
Answer: (क) coolness
In simple words: The spring season gives coolness to the well water. It makes the water refreshing.

Exam Tip: Relate the characteristics of spring (like fresh breezes, pleasant temperatures) to their effects on natural elements like water. Coolness is a likely attribute.

Question 7. What does the spring season bestow on ladies wearing the waist-band with jewels and having lustre like that of the moo.
(क) brightness
(ख) happiness
(ग) peace
(घ) beauty
Answer: (घ) beauty
In simple words: Spring bestows beauty on ladies. It enhances their charm and attractiveness.

Exam Tip: Focus on the overarching effect of spring. While it might bring happiness or brightness, 'beauty' is the most comprehensive description of its effect on individuals in such poetic contexts.

Question 8. What does the spring bestow on the mango trees bent with the load of blossom?
(क) largeness
(ख) beauty
(ग) denseness
(घ) greenery
Answer: (क) largeness
In simple words: Spring gives largeness to mango trees that are full of blossoms. It makes them appear grand and abundant.

Exam Tip: Consider the visual impact of "bent with the load of blossom." This implies a sense of abundance and fullness, which 'largeness' captures well.

Question 9. What do the ladies wear in the September season?
(क) Fresh Mogra flower
(ख) Fresh Karnikar flower
(ग) earing
(घ) golden ornament
Answer: (ख) Fresh Karnikar flower
In simple words: Ladies wear fresh Karnikar flowers. These flowers are a popular choice for adornment.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to specific details like types of flowers or ornaments mentioned in the text. Avoid generalizing if a particular item is named.

Question 10. What sort of garments are worm by the with bodies felling lethargy due to ecrtac love?
(क) bulky huge
(ख) heavy
(ग) silky
(घ) thin
Answer: (ग) silky
In simple words: People feeling lazy due to love wear silky garments. These clothes are soft and comfortable.

Exam Tip: The feeling of lethargy might suggest comfortable, light clothing. 'Silky' implies both comfort and a delicate nature that fits the context.

Question 11. Whom does the Kabila (cuckoo bird) bill with its sweet cooing?
(क) small living beings
(ख) the hearts of the youths
(ग) the mind of the youths interested in lovely faced ladies
(घ) the Karnikar flowers.
Answer: (ग) the mind of the youths interested in lovely faced ladies
In simple words: The cuckoo bird's sweet cooing affects the minds of young men who are attracted to beautiful ladies. Its song stirs their feelings of love.

Exam Tip: In complex MCQ options, choose the most specific and complete answer that fully captures the nuance from the poem. Here, the target audience and their state of mind are both important.

3. अधोलिखितेभ्यः विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चिनुत
Choose the correct answer from the following options.

Question 1. वसन्तऋतो प्रदोषाः कीदृशः भवन्ति?
(क) रम्याः
(ख) शान्ताः
(ग) सुखाः
(घ) सपुष्पाः
Answer: (ग) सुखाः
In simple words: The evenings in the spring season are pleasant. They bring comfort and joy.

Exam Tip: Recalling the direct description from the poem (सुखाः प्रदोषा) will provide the most accurate answer. Avoid choosing synonyms if the exact word is an option.

Question 2. वसन्ते आग्रद्रुमाः कीदृशाः सन्ति?
(क) विशालाः
(ख) आम्रफलपूर्णाः
(ग) कुसुमानताः
(घ) कोकिलरवयुक्ता
Answer: (ग) कुसुमानताः
In simple words: In spring, mango trees are bent with flowers. They are laden with blossoms, not just fruit or vastness.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between literal states (full of fruit) and descriptive states (bent with blossoms). The poem emphasizes the flowering aspect of mango trees in spring.

Question 3. वनितानाम् अलकाः कीदृशाः सन्ति?
(क) घनाः
(ख) कृष्णा
(ग) चला: नीला: च
(घ) रमणीयाः
Answer: (ग) चला: नीला: च
In simple words: Women's tresses are moving and blue. They possess a dynamic and deep color.

Exam Tip: When multiple adjectives are used to describe something, ensure your answer includes all of them for a complete and accurate description.

Question 4. काममदालसाङ्गः जनः कीदृशानि वासांसि विजहाति?
(क) स्थूलानि
(ख) कौशेयानि
(ग) तनूनि
(घ) रंजितानि
Answer: (क) स्थूलानि
In simple words: A person whose body is languid from the intoxication of love gives up heavy garments. They prefer lighter attire.

Exam Tip: Understand the implied actions. "विजहाति" (gives up/discards) implies that they get rid of something they no longer want, likely heavy clothes for lighter ones when feeling languid.

Question 5. काममदालसाङ्ग जनः कीदृशानि वस्त्राणि धारयति?
(क) ततूनि
(ख) गुरुणि
(ग) रञ्जितानि
(घ) कौशेयानि
Answer: (क) ततूनि
In simple words: A person whose body is languid due to the intoxication of love wears thin garments. They choose light and delicate clothes.

Exam Tip: This question is the inverse of the previous one. If they discard heavy clothes, they must wear light (thin) ones. The logic should be consistent.

(B) Based on Grammar

1. अधोदत्तानां शब्दानां समानार्थकान् शब्दान् (पर्यायशब्दान्) चिनुत –
(Choose synonyms of the following words):

Question 1. 'पुष्पम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) पुष्पितम्
(ख) किसलयम्
(ग) सुमनम्
(घ) सषिरम्
Answer: (ग) सुमनम्
In simple words: The synonym for 'पुष्पम्' (flower) is 'सुमनम्'. Both words mean 'flower'.

Exam Tip: While 'पुष्पितम्' means 'flowered' (an adjective) and 'किसलयम्' means 'sprout', 'सुमनम्' is a direct noun synonym for 'पुष्पम्'. Choose the option that is the same part of speech and meaning.

Question 2. 'सलिलम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) सलीलम्
(ख) अम्भः
(ग) तोयदम्
(घ) अभ्रम्
Answer: (ख) अम्भः
In simple words: The word 'सलिलम्' (water) has 'अम्भः' as its synonym. Both words refer to water.

Exam Tip: Expand your Sanskrit vocabulary by learning multiple synonyms for common nouns. 'तोयदम्' means cloud, and 'अभ्रम्' means sky, making 'अम्भः' the correct choice.

Question 3. 'पवनः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) अनल
(ख) अनील
(ग) अनिलः
(घ) मधुकः
Answer: (ग) अनिलः
In simple words: A synonym for 'पवनः' (wind) is 'अनिलः'. Both words denote wind or air.

Exam Tip: Be careful with subtle differences in spelling or gender, like 'अनल' (fire) versus 'अनिलः' (wind). Precision is key in Sanskrit grammar.

Question 4. 'वसन्तः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) शिशिरः
(ख) सुरभिः
(ग) हेमन्तः
(घ) सुपिंगः
Answer: (ग) हेमन्तः
In simple words: The word 'वसन्तः' (spring) has 'सुरभिः' as its synonym. Both mean spring season.

Exam Tip: Understand the names of different seasons in Sanskrit. While 'शिशिरः' and 'हेमन्तः' are other seasons, 'सुरभिः' is a known synonym for spring.

Question 5. 'शशाङ्क' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) शशः
(ख) शशधरः
(ग) शरभ
(घ) शर्वः
Answer: (ख) शशधरः
In simple words: The synonym for 'शशाङ्क' (moon) is 'शशधरः'. Both terms refer to the moon.

Exam Tip: Many Sanskrit words for celestial bodies have descriptive synonyms. 'शशाङ्क' means 'marked by a hare' (referring to moon's spots), and 'शशधरः' means 'bearer of a hare' (also referring to the moon).

Question 6. 'आम्रः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) आम्रम्
(ख) मदनः
(ग) रसाल:
(घ) रुचिपूर्ण
Answer: (ग) रसाल:
In simple words: A synonym for 'आम्रः' (mango) is 'रसालः'. Both words refer to the mango fruit or tree.

Exam Tip: Learn common synonyms for fruits and trees. 'मदनः' means Cupid, and 'रुचिपूर्ण' means tasteful, so 'रसालः' is the correct match.

Question 7. 'द्रुम' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) विटपः
(ख) विटपी
(ग) कुटी
(घ) घटः
Answer: (ख) विटपी
In simple words: The synonym for 'द्रुम' (tree) is 'विटपी'. Both words mean tree.

Exam Tip: Ensure that the gender and case of the synonym match or are appropriate in context. 'विटपः' is also a synonym, but 'विटपी' might be the intended feminine form or a variant.

Question 8. 'अलका' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) कुन्तलाः
(ख) कचा:
(ग) केशाः
(घ) चूर्णकुन्तला:
Answer: (घ) चूर्णकुन्तला:
In simple words: The synonym for 'अलका' (tresses/locks of hair) is 'चूर्णकुन्तला:'. Both terms refer to curly or loose hair.

Exam Tip: When multiple options appear similar (कुन्तलाः, कचाः, केशाः all mean hair), choose the one that best captures the specific nuance of 'अलका', which often implies beautiful, curly, or flowing locks.

Question 9. 'वासांसि' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) वासाः
(ख) वसनानि
(ग) उत्तरीयाणि
(घ) घटाः
Answer: (ख) वसनानि
In simple words: A synonym for 'वासांसि' (garments) is 'वसनानि'. Both words refer to clothes.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the plural form. 'वासांसि' is plural, and 'वसनानि' is its plural synonym, making it the most accurate choice.

Question 10. 'तूर्णम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) क्षिप्रम्
(ख) संततम्
(ग) नितान्तम्
(घ) नित्यम्
Answer: (क) क्षिप्रम्
In simple words: The synonym for 'तूर्णम्' (quickly) is 'क्षिप्रम्'. Both words indicate speed or swiftness.

Exam Tip: Learn adverbs and their synonyms. 'संततम्' means continuously, 'नितान्तम्' means extremely, and 'नित्यम्' means always, so 'क्षिप्रम्' is the correct adverbial synonym for 'quickly'.

Question 11. 'किशुकः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) वेतम्
(ख) मधूकः
(ग) पलाशः
(घ) श्रीफलः
Answer: (ग) पलाशः
In simple words: The synonym for 'किशुकः' (Kinshuka flower) is 'पलाशः'. Both terms refer to the same type of flower.

Exam Tip: For specific botanical terms or proper nouns, a direct synonym is usually required. 'पलाशः' is a well-known name for the Kinshuka tree/flower.

Question 12. 'मुखम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) प्रवेशः
(ख) शिरः
(ग) कण्ठः
(घ) आननम्
Answer: (घ) आननम्
In simple words: A synonym for 'मुखम्' (face) is 'आननम्'. Both words denote the face.

Exam Tip: Practice identifying synonyms for body parts. 'शिरः' means head, 'कण्ठः' means neck/throat, and 'प्रवेशः' means entry, making 'आननम्' the precise synonym for face.

2. अधोदत्तानां शब्दानां विरुद्धार्थकान् शब्दान् चिनुत
Choose inverse words of the following.

Question 1. 'सकामाः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) कामप्रियाः
(ख) कामदा:
(ग) निष्कामाः
(घ) अकामः
Answer: (ग) निष्कामाः
In simple words: The antonym for 'सकामाः' (full of desire) is 'निष्कामाः'. This means free from desire.

Exam Tip: Recognize prefixes that denote negation or opposition, such as 'निस्-' (निष्) or 'अ-'. These are common in forming antonyms in Sanskrit.

Question 3. 'रम्याः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) रमणीयाः
(ख) मनोज्ञा
(ग) अरम्याः
(घ) मनोरमाः
Answer: (ग) अरम्याः
In simple words: The word 'Ramyah' means beautiful. Its opposite, 'Aramyah', means not beautiful or unattractive.

Exam Tip: When finding antonyms, look for prefixes like 'a-' or 'an-' that often indicate the opposite meaning in Sanskrit.

Question 4. 'चलाः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) चराः
(ख) चञ्चला
(ग) अचला
(घ) स्थिरा:
Answer: (ग) अचला
In simple words: The term 'Chalah' means moving or unstable. Its inverse, 'Achala', signifies something unmoving or fixed.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the root meaning of the word; 'chala' implies movement, so its antonym must denote stillness.

Question 5. 'गुरुणि' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) लघूनि
(ख) स्थूलानि
(ग) भारयुक्तानि
(घ) तनु
Answer: (क) लघूनि
In simple words: The word 'Guruni' means heavy or weighty. Its antonym, 'Laghooni', refers to something light or small in weight.

Exam Tip: Remember common pairs of opposites such as heavy/light, big/small, which are frequently tested.

Question 6. 'विहाय' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) परित्यज्य
(ख) सन्त्यज्य
(ग) अविहातुम्
(घ) स्वीकृत्य
Answer: (घ) स्वीकृत्य
In simple words: The word 'Vihaya' means to abandon or leave. Its opposite, 'Svikritya', indicates to accept or take up.

Exam Tip: Identify whether the word denotes an action of letting go or holding on to find the correct antonym.

Question 7. "भिन्नम्' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) छिन्नम्
(ख) क्लिन्नम्
(ग) अभिन्नम्
(घ) अन्तित्यम्
Answer: (ग) अभिन्नम्
In simple words: The term 'Bhinnam' means different or separated. Its antonym, 'Abhinnam', means not different or united.

Exam Tip: Understanding the base meaning of 'bhinna' as broken or distinct helps in recognizing 'abhinna' as unbroken or identical.

3. अधोदत्तानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि लिखत - Answer the following questions.

Question 1. द्रुमाः सपुष्पा .............................. - रिक्तस्थाने 'अस् (2P) धातोः लट् लकारीयं योग्य क्रियापदं किम्?
(क) अस्ति
(ख) स्तः
(ग) सन्ति
(घ) स्थ
Answer: (ग) सन्ति
In simple words: For the phrase 'Drumaḥ Sapuṣpāḥ' (trees are with flowers), the correct verb form from the 'As' root in present tense, plural, is 'Santi'.

Exam Tip: Always match the verb's number and person to the subject. 'Drumaḥ' is plural, requiring a plural verb form.

Question 2. स्त्रिय सकामाः वसन्ते। 'स्त्रियः' इति कर्तृपदस्य स्थाने तस्य एकवचनरूपं किम्?
(क) स्त्रि सकामा वर्तते।
(ख) स्त्रियं सकामा वर्तते।
(ग) स्त्री सकामा वर्तते।
(घ) स्त्रियौ सकामा वर्तते।
Answer: (ग) स्त्री सकामा वर्तते।
In simple words: For the sentence 'Striyaḥ sakāmāḥ vasante' (women are passionate in spring), the singular form for the subject 'Striyaḥ' (women) is 'Strī' (woman), so the full singular sentence becomes 'Strī sakāmā vartate'.

Exam Tip: Remember to change both the noun and the verb to their singular forms when converting from plural to singular.

Question 3. वसन्ते पवनः सुगन्धिः .............................. । - रिक्तस्थाने भू-भव 1P धातोः लट् लकारीय क्रियापदमरूपं किम?
(क) भवतु
(ख) भवेत्
(ग) भव
(घ) भवति
Answer: (घ) भवति
In simple words: For the phrase 'Vasante Pavanaḥ Sugandhiḥ' (in spring, the wind is fragrant), the correct verb form from the 'Bhū-Bhav' root in present tense, singular, is 'Bhavati'.

Exam Tip: Identify the subject's number and person (here, 'Pavanaḥ' is singular, third person) to choose the appropriate verb ending.

Question 4. वसन्ते प्रदोषाः सुखाः .............................. । - रिक्तस्थाने 'विद 4A' धातो लट् लकारीयं क्रियापदरूपं किम्?
(क) विद्येते
(ख) विद्यन्ते
(ग) विद्यते
(घ) विद्येथे
Answer: (ख) विद्यन्ते
In simple words: For the phrase 'Vasante Pradoṣāḥ Sukhāḥ' (in spring, evenings are pleasant), the right verb form from the 'Vid' root in present tense, plural, is 'Vidyante'.

Exam Tip: Check the gender and number of the subject ('Pradoṣāḥ' is plural masculine) to pick the accurate verb conjugation.

Question 5. वसन्तः प्रमदाजनानां सोभाग्य ददाति। रेखाङ्कितस्य शब्दस्य स्थाने उचित अन्यद् विभक्तिरूपं किम्?
(क) प्रमदाजननान्
(ख) प्रमदाजनैः
(ग) प्रमदाजनेभ्यः
(घ) प्रमदाजनेषु
Answer: (ग) प्रमदाजनेभ्यः
In simple words: In the sentence 'Vasantaḥ pramada-janānāṃ saubhāgyaṃ dadāti' (Spring gives beauty to ladies), 'pramadajanānāṃ' is genitive plural. The appropriate alternative case form for "to the ladies" is 'pramadājanebhyaḥ', which is dative plural.

Exam Tip: When a verb means "to give", the recipient is typically in the dative case ( चतुर्थी विभक्ति).

Question 6. काममदालसाङ्गः जनः गुरुणि वासांसि विजहाति। रेखांकितस्य कर्तृपदं बहुवचने प्रयुज्यताम्।
(क) काममदालसाङ्गः जनः गुरुणि वासांसि विजहितः।
(ख) काममदालसाङ्गौ जनौ गुरुणि वासांसि विजहितः।
(ग) कामदालसाङ्ग जनाः गुरुणि वासांसि विजहानि।
(घ) कामदालसाङ्गः जनाः गुरुणि वासांसि विजहाति।
Answer: (ख) काममदालसाङ्गौ जनौ गुरुणि वासांसि विजहितः।
In simple words: For the sentence 'Kāmamadālasāṅgaḥ janaḥ guruṇi vāsāṃsi vijahāti' (A person lazy with passion gives up heavy garments), to make the underlined subject plural, 'janaḥ' (singular person) becomes 'janau' (two people), and 'kāmamadālasāṅgaḥ' also changes to its dual form 'kāmamadālasāṅgau'. The verb changes to 'vijahitaḥ'.

Exam Tip: Ensure that all parts of the subject (noun and adjective) and the verb agree in number when converting to dual or plural forms.

Question 7. ते जनाः तनूनि वासां.ि.............................. । रिक्तस्थाने (धा 3A) धातोः लट् लकारीय योग्य क्रियापदरूपं किम्?
(क) दधाते
(ख) धत्ते
(ग) दद्यते
(घ) धद्ध्वे
Answer: (ग) दद्यते
In simple words: For the sentence 'Te janāḥ tanūni vāsāṃsi' (Those people thin garments), the correct verb form from the 'Dhā' root (to wear/hold) in present tense, plural, is 'Dadhyate'.

Exam Tip: Recognize that 'Te janāḥ' is a plural subject, requiring a plural verb form like 'Dadhyate' for the third conjugation of the root 'Dhā'.

Question 8. अयं कोकिल: मधुरैः .............................. यूनां मनः निवृन्ति। रिक्तस्थाने 'वचस्' इति नाम्नः उचितं विभक्तिरूपं किम्?
(क) वचसा
(ख) वचोग्यः
(ग) वचोग्याम्
(घ) वचोभिः
Answer: (घ) वचोभिः
In simple words: In the sentence 'Ayaṃ kokilaḥ madhuraiḥ ............ yūnāṃ manaḥ nivr̥nti' (This cuckoo pleases the hearts of youths with sweet...), the blank needs an instrumental plural form of 'vacas' (speech/words), which is 'vacobhiḥ'.

Exam Tip: The instrumental case (तृतीया विभक्ति) is used to indicate the means or instrument by which an action is performed.

4. सन्धिं कुरुत Join sandhis.

Question 1. 'सौभाग्यम् + अयम्' इत्यस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) सौभाग्यमयस्
(ख) सौभाग्यमयम्
(ग) सौभाग्येमयम्
(घ) सौभाग्यामयम्
Answer: (ख) सौभाग्यमयम्
In simple words: When you combine 'Saubhāgyam' and 'ayam', the resulting word after applying sandhi rules is 'Saubhāgyamayam', meaning "this beauty".

Exam Tip: The 'm' at the end of 'Saubhāgyam' joins with the 'a' of 'ayam' to form 'ma', resulting in 'Saubhāgyamayam'.

Question 2. 'नीलेषु + अलेकेष' इत्यस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) नीलेषुलकेषु
(ख) नीलेष्लकेतु
(ग) नीलेष्वलकेषु
(घ) नीलेष्लकेषु
Answer: (ग) नीलेष्वलकेषु
In simple words: Joining 'Nīleṣu' and 'alakeṣa' through sandhi creates 'Nīleṣv-alakeṣu', which means "in dark blue hairs". This uses the 'yAN sandhi' rule.

Exam Tip: In 'yAN sandhi', 'u' at the end of a word changes to 'v' when followed by a vowel, forming 'uv'.

Question 3. 'पुनः + अयम्' इत्यस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) पुनोअयम्
(ख) पुनस्यम्
(ग) पुनोअयम्
(घ) पुनारयम्
Answer: (क) पुनोअयम्
In simple words: When 'Punaḥ' and 'ayam' are combined using sandhi, the resulting form is 'Puno'yam'. This involves the 'visarga sandhi' rule.

Exam Tip: In 'visarga sandhi', a visarga (ः) can change to 'o' when followed by 'a' (and some soft consonants), and the 'a' is dropped (पूर्व-रूप सन्धि). This happens in 'Punaḥ + ayam' becoming 'Puno'yam'.

5. सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत - Dissolve sandhis.

Question 1. 'दिवसाश्च' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) दिवसा + च
(ख) दिवसाः + च
(ग) दिवस + स
(घ) दिवसे + च
Answer: (ख) दिवसाः + च
In simple words: The word 'Divasāśca' breaks down into 'Divasāḥ' (days) and 'ca' (and) when you dissolve the sandhi, showing the original components.

Exam Tip: The 'śc' sound often indicates a combination of 's' (from visarga) and 'c', so separating them helps identify the original words.

Question 2. 'अलकेष्वशोकम्' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) अलके + ष्वशोम्
(ख) अलकेषु + दशोकम्
(ग) अलकेषु + शोकम्
(घ) अलकेषु + अशोकम्
Answer: (घ) अलकेषु + अशोकम्
In simple words: To break down 'Alakeṣv-aśokam' (in the hair, the Ashoka), you separate it into 'Alakeṣu' (in the hair) and 'Aśokam' (Ashoka flower), revealing the parts joined by sandhi.

Exam Tip: Remember that 'v' in a sandhi often comes from 'u' or 'ū' followed by a vowel, a characteristic of 'yAN sandhi'.

Question 3. 'कुसुमैन' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) कुसुमैर्न + न
(ख) कुसुमैः + न
(ग) कसुमे + न
(घ) कुसुमैर् + न
Answer: (ख) कुसुमैः + न
In simple words: The word 'Kusumaiḥ' (by flowers) and 'na' (not) combine to form 'Kusumainna' (not by flowers). The sandhi splitting it shows 'Kusumaiḥ + na'.

Exam Tip: A 'na' sound in sandhi can arise from a 'visarga' followed by 'n', as seen in 'Kusumaiḥ + na'.

सर्वं चारुतरं वसन्ते Introduction: