GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 5 सुभाषितवैभवः

GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit सुभाषितवैभवः Textbook Questions and Answers

1. विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चित्वा लिखत – Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives.

Question 1. चलाचल संसारं कः निश्चलम्?
(क) यौवनम्
(ख) कीर्तिः
(ग) वित्तम्
(घ) चितम्
Answer: (ख) कीर्तिः
In simple words: In this ever-changing world, fame or good reputation is the one thing that stays firm and steady. Everything else comes and goes.

Exam Tip: For multiple-choice questions, consider the root meaning of each option in the context of the question to select the most appropriate answer.

Question 2. के शान्तिम् इच्छन्ति?
(क) धनिकाः
(ख) पार्थिवाः
(ग) साधवाः
(घ) नीचाः
Answer: (ग) साधवाः
In simple words: Good and virtuous individuals are the ones who always seek peace and calm in their lives. They value tranquility above all else.

Exam Tip: Remember key character traits associated with different groups in Sanskrit literature. "साधवाः" often refers to people of good conduct.

Question 3. राजानः कैः पश्यन्ति?
(क) वेदैः
(ख) शास्त्रैः
(ग) चारैः
(घ) नेत्रैः
Answer: (ग) चारैः
In simple words: Kings observe and get information through their spies. They rely on these secret agents to understand the world around them.

Exam Tip: In ancient governance, kings frequently used spies to gather information and maintain control. Understanding this historical context helps in answering such questions.

Question 4. पापस्य कारणं किम्?
(क) अज्ञानम्
(ख) क्रोधः
(ग) लोभः
(घ) कामः
Answer: (ग) लोभः
In simple words: Greed is the main cause of sin. It leads people to do wrong things.

Exam Tip: Moral teachings often highlight the root causes of negative actions. "लोभः" (greed) is a classic example of a vice leading to sin.

Question 5. तक्षकस्य विषं कुत्र भवति ?
(क) पुच्छे
(ख) सर्वाङ्ग
(ग) मस्तके
(घ) दन्ते
Answer: (घ) दन्ते
In simple words: The poison of a Taksaka snake is found in its fangs. That is where its dangerous venom resides.

Exam Tip: Specific details about animals or mythical creatures often appear in literature. Recall where the poison of the Taksaka is traditionally located.

2. एकवाक्येन संस्कृतभाषाया उत्तरत – Answer in one sentence into Sanskrit.

Question 1. जडाय किं देयम्?
Answer: जडाय ज्ञानं देयम्।
In simple words: Knowledge should be given to the ignorant person.

Exam Tip: This type of question tests your understanding of moral principles taught in the text. Remember that knowledge is the best gift for the unlearned.

Question 2. लोभात् किं प्रभवति?
Answer: लोभात् क्रोधः प्रभवति।
In simple words: Anger arises from greed.

Exam Tip: Focus on cause-and-effect relationships described in the proverbs. Greed is often depicted as the origin of anger.

Question 3. वृश्चिकस्य विषं कुत्र भवति?
Answer: वृश्चिकस्य विषं तस्य पुच्छं भवति।
In simple words: The poison of a scorpion is in its tail.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to precise details when describing characteristics of creatures. The location of a scorpion's venom is a common point of knowledge.

3. उदाहरणानुसारं शब्दरूपाणं परिचयं कारयत् – Write word form according to example.

उदाहरण – ज्ञानाय – (ज्ञान, अकारान्त नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, चतुर्थी एकवचनम्।)

1. गुणाः – गुण, अकारान्त, पुंल्लिङ्गम्, प्रथमा संबोधन, बहुवचनम्।

2. मक्षिका – मक्षिका, आकारान्त, स्त्रीलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा एकवचनम्।

3. दरिद्राय – दरिद्र, अकारान्त, पुंल्लिङ्गम्, चतुर्थी एकवचनम्।

4. लोकात् – लोक, अकारान्त, पुंल्लिङ्गम्, पंचमी एकवचनम्।

5. उत्सवे- उत्सव, अकारान्त, पुंलिङ्गम्, सप्तमी एकवचनम्।

4. मातृभाषायाम् उत्तरत – Answer in Mother tongue.

Question 1. How many qualities does a reader have?
Answer: A good reader should have six qualities. They are as follows:

• Sweetness
• Clarity of letter
• Isolation of words
• Pleasant intonation
• Boldness or confidence
• Rhythmic flow of words cadence.

Exam Tip: When listing qualities, ensure you provide all points clearly. Use bullet points for better readability if multiple points are involved.

Question 2. What should be given to the poor?
Answer: Money should be given to the poor.
In simple words: We should give money to people who are poor.

Exam Tip: For simple, direct questions, provide a concise and straightforward answer. The core message should be clear.

Question 3. Whom does a poet believe to be his relative?
Answer: According to the poet, one who stands by him during happy times like a festival, during a difficult famine, during war with an enemy, in the royal assembly, and even in the crematorium, is his real relative. Such a person is considered a true kinsman.
In simple words: The poet believes a real relative is someone who supports him through good times like celebrations and bad times like famine, war, at court, or even at a funeral.

Exam Tip: This question asks for a comprehensive definition of a "relative" as per the poem. Ensure you include all the circumstances mentioned in the text to get full marks.

6. सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत –

1. चलाचलमिदम् = चलाचलम् (चल-अचलम्) + इदम्

2. व्रणमिच्छन्ति = व्रणम् + इच्छिन्ति

3. पदच्छेदस्तु = पदच्छेदः (पद-छेदः) + तु

7. श्लोकानां पूर्तिः करणीया –

Question 1. चलं वित्.............. हि जीवति।।
Answer: चलं वित्तं चलं चित्तं चले जीवितयौवने। चलाचलमिदं सर्वं कीर्तिरेव हि जीवति।।
In simple words: Money is unsteady, the mind is unsteady, and youth in life is unsteady. All of this moves and changes, but only fame truly lives on.

Exam Tip: When completing shlokas, ensure you recall the correct words and phrases to maintain the meter and meaning. Practice memorizing these verses.

Question 2. दरिद्राय धनं .............. च भोजनम्।।
Answer: दरिद्राय धनं देयं ज्ञान देयं जडाय च। पिपासिताय पानीयं क्षुधिताय च भोजनम्।।
In simple words: Money should be given to the poor, knowledge to the ignorant, water to the thirsty, and food to the hungry.

Exam Tip: This shloka emphasizes compassion and charity. Remember the specific gifts to be given to each needy person.

GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit सुभाषितवैभवः Additional Important Questions and Answers

1. आ‌ङ्ग्लभाषायाम् अनुवादं कृत्वा तयोः बोधं च लिखत – Translate, expand the meaning and write what one should learn.

Question 1. चलं वित्तं चलं चित्तं चले जीवितयौवने। चलाचलमिदं सर्वं कीतिरेव हि जीवति॥
Answer: Translation: Wealth is fleeting. The mind is also unstable. Life and youth are transient and perishable. All of these things are impermanent. Only one's good reputation or fame truly lasts forever.
Expansion of meaning: Wealth, thoughts, life, and youth are all temporary things. Furthermore, these aspects are not fully under our control. However, our fame or reputation is something we build ourselves. It relies on how we develop and show good qualities and what we achieve through our hard work. Therefore, we should make every possible effort to build a strong reputation.
In simple words: Money, our thoughts, our life, and our youth all change and do not last. Only our good name and fame stay with us always. So, we should try our best to earn a good reputation.

Exam Tip: When asked to translate, expand, and explain, provide a clear, accurate translation, followed by a detailed explanation of the deeper meaning and moral lesson.

Question 2. तक्षकस्य विषं दन्ते मक्षिकायाश्च मस्तके। वृश्चिकस्य विषं पुच्छे सर्वाङ्गे दुर्जनस्य तत्॥
Answer: Translation: The snake has poison in its teeth. The fly has poison in its head. The scorpion has poison in its tail. But a wicked person's entire body is full of poison.
Expansion of meaning: Snakes, flies, and scorpions are dangerous, but their harm is limited to specific body parts. Additionally, snakes and scorpions can sometimes be made harmless. It is relatively easier to protect ourselves from these creatures. A wicked person, however, is far more dangerous. The word "अड़गा" means body, but it can also refer to a constituent part. Thus, all parts of a wicked person are poisonous. Their body, mind, speech, and thoughts are all filled with venom. A wicked individual poses a greater threat.
Moral: One should be extra careful when dealing with wicked individuals.
In simple words: Snakes have poison in their teeth, flies in their head, and scorpions in their tail. But a bad person is poisonous all over their body. So, be very careful around wicked people.

Exam Tip: This shloka contrasts the limited danger of animals with the pervasive danger of a wicked person. Emphasize the all-encompassing nature of evil in a bad person's character.

2. विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चित्वा लिखित – Choose suitable answers of the following alternatives

Question 1. इदं सर्वं कीदृशं वर्तते?
(क) चलम्
(ख) अचलम्
(ग) मृतवत्
(घ) चलाचलम्
Answer: (घ) चलाचलम्
In simple words: Everything in this world is always moving and changing. It is neither completely steady nor completely still.

Exam Tip: Recall the philosophical concepts of change and permanence as discussed in the text. Many things are both moving and not moving, hence "चलाचलम्."

Question 2. के व्रणमिच्छन्ति?
(क) पार्थिवाः
(ख) मक्षिकाः
(ग) वृश्चिकाः
(घ) जन्तवः
Answer: (ख) मक्षिकाः
In simple words: Flies are attracted to and want wounds. They seek out injuries.

Exam Tip: This question tests your knowledge of specific characteristics or desires associated with different creatures, as mentioned in the shlokas. Flies are typically drawn to wounds.

Question 3. के गन्धेन पश्यन्ति?
(क) ब्राह्मण
(ख) नृपतयः
(ग) पशवः
(घ) गावः
Answer: (घ) गावः
In simple words: Cows "see" or perceive things through their sense of smell. Scent is their primary way of understanding their surroundings.

Exam Tip: This question refers to the ways different beings acquire knowledge or perceive the world. Remember that cows use their sense of smell most prominently.

Question 4. जडाय किं देयम् ?
(क) धनम्
(ख) पानीयम्
(ग) ज्ञानम्
(घ) अन्नम्
Answer: (ग) ज्ञानम्
In simple words: Knowledge should be given to an ignorant person. It is the most valuable gift for those who lack understanding.

Exam Tip: This question assesses understanding of the virtuous act of giving. Recall the lesson that knowledge is the best gift for the unlearned.

Question 5. कामः कस्मात् प्रजायते?
(क) क्रोधात्
(ख) मोहात्
(ग) पापात्
(घ) लोभात्
Answer: (घ) लोभात्
In simple words: Desire comes from greed. When people are greedy, it leads to many desires.

Exam Tip: Understand the sequence of negative emotions and their origins. Greed is frequently identified as the source of unfulfilled desires.

Question 6. वृश्चिकस्य विषं कुत्र भवति ?
(क) मस्तके
(ख) दन्ते
(ग) पुच्छे
(घ) सर्वाङ्ग
Answer: (ग) पुच्छे
In simple words: The poison of a scorpion is located in its tail. That is the part it uses to sting.

Exam Tip: This question tests recall of specific details from the shlokas. Remember the precise location of the scorpion's venom.

Question 7. पानीयं कस्मै देयम्?
(क) तृषिताय
(ख) क्षुधातीय
(ग) जडाय
(घ) दीनाय
Answer: (क) तृषिताय
In simple words: Water should be given to a thirsty person. It is essential for those who are parched.

Exam Tip: This question is about appropriate acts of charity. Recall who is in need of water as per the teachings.

3. अधोदत्ताना शब्दाना समानार्थकान् शब्दान् (पर्यायशब्दान्) लिखत – Choose synonyms of the following words.

Question 1. 'चलम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दाः कः?
(क) स्थिरम्
(ख) जडम्
(ग) सजीवम्
(घ) चञ्चलम्
Answer: (घ) चञ्चलम्
In simple words: The word 'चलम्' means moving or unstable, and 'चञ्चलम्' is a synonym meaning fickle or restless.

Exam Tip: When finding synonyms, ensure the chosen word accurately reflects the meaning and context of the original word. "चलम्" implies movement and lack of stability.

Question 2. 'पार्थिवाः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) माः
(ख) राजानः
(ग) योद्धारः
(घ) सैनिकाः
Answer: (ख) राजानः
In simple words: The word 'पार्थिवाः' means kings, and 'राजानः' is its synonym, also meaning kings.

Exam Tip: Understanding common Sanskrit words and their synonyms is important for vocabulary. Connect "पार्थिवाः" with royalty.

Question 3. 'पानीयम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) जलम्
(ख) भोजनम्
(ग) वित्तम्
(घ) ज्ञानम्
Answer: (क) जलम्
In simple words: The word 'पानीयम्' means drinking water, and 'जलम्' is its synonym, meaning water.

Exam Tip: Many Sanskrit words for common elements have straightforward synonyms. "पानीयम्" and "जलम्" are interchangeable for water.

Question 4. 'वृश्चिकः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) विषमयः जन्तुः
(ख) मक्षिका
(ग) द्रुणः
(घ) मत्सरः
Answer: (ग) द्रुणः
In simple words: The word 'वृश्चिकः' means scorpion, and 'द्रुणः' is another term used to refer to a scorpion.

Exam Tip: Sometimes, less common synonyms are used in literary texts. Be aware that "द्रुणः" can refer to a scorpion as well.

Question 5. 'व्यसनम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) विपत्तिः
(ख) मोद:
(ग) कुछन्दः
(घ) दुर्वृत्तम्
Answer: (क) विपत्तिः
In simple words: The word 'व्यसनम्' refers to calamity or distress, and 'विपत्तिः' is a synonym that also means a misfortune or adversity.

Exam Tip: For words denoting abstract concepts like trouble or joy, ensure the synonym accurately captures the tone and meaning. "व्यसनम्" implies hardship.

सुभाषितवैभवः Introduction:

शोभनम् भाषितम् सुभाषितम् – This explanation is common. But what exactly is meant by शोभनम्? Sometimes the idea is striking, sometimes what we have always known is expressed in a new way. In other words, what is expressed and how it is expressed are the two key aspects of the word शोभनम्. All of us have, at some point, experienced how effective someone's reading is, but in the first verse, you will find the six characteristics of a good reader.

If we are convinced that only reputation lives on, should we not be more careful about how we behave? What we desire or like shows the kind of people we are. The saying शान्तिमिच्छन्ति साधव can be read as a definition of a good person. If we enjoy arguments, quarrels, or fighting scenes in films and still believe we are good, the third verse will make us think deeply again. In fact, the greatness of subhashitas lies in their ability to stay in our memory due to their short length and continue to inspire our thoughts.

सुभाषितवैभवः Prose-Order, Translation And Glossary

माधुर्यमक्षरव्यक्तिः पदच्छेदस्तु सुस्वरः। धैर्य लयसमर्थं च षडेते पाठका गुणाः॥1॥

Prose-order : माधुर्यम्, अक्षरव्यक्तिः, पदच्छेदः, तु सुस्वरः, धैर्यम्, लयसामर्थ्यम् च-एते षट् पाठकाः गुणाः (सन्ति)।

Translation : Sweetness of tone, clear pronunciation of letters, isolation of words, beautiful voice, courage and sense of rhythm-these are the six qualities of a (good) reader.

Explanation : अक्षरव्यक्तिः means one should not rush or swallow the syllabus. पदच्छेद means not to merge words together but to give just enough pause between them.

Glossary : माधुर्यम् – sweetness, अक्षरव्यक्तिः – अक्षराणाम् व्यक्तिः – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास; clear pronunciation of letters, व्यक्तिः – manifestation here pronunciation, पदच्छेदः – पदानाम् छेदः – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, isolation of words, सुस्वरः – शोभन: स्वरः – प्रादि तत्पुरुष समास, beautiful voice, धैर्यम् – courage, boldness, लयसामर्थ्यम् – in keeping with beat, षडेते – षट् + एते these six, पाठकाः गुणाः – qualities of (good) reader.

चलं वित्तं चलं चित्तं चले जीवितयौवने। चलाचलमिदं सर्वं कीतिरेव हि जीवति॥2॥

Prose-order : वित्तम् चलम् चित्तम् चलम्, जीवितयौवने चले, इदमे सर्वम् चलाचलम् (अस्ति)। यस्य कीर्तिः (अस्ति) सः जीवति ।

Translation: Wealth is fleeting. The mind is unstable. Life and youth are unsteady (perishable). All of this is stable and also unstable. Only fame or a good reputation lives forever.

Explanation: One lives on through their reputation. According to the poet, reputation alone lasts forever. Therefore, it is more important than wealth, youth, and other material things.

Glossary : वित्तम् – money wealth, चलम् – fickle, not stable, adjective of the nouns, 'वित्तम्', 'चित्तम्', जीवित-यौवने – जीवितम् च यौवनम् च – इतरेतर द्वंद्व समास, life and youth, चले – fickle, adjective of 'जीवितयौवने', चलाचलम् – चलम् च अचलम् च – विशेषण कर्मधारय समास; stable and fickle, adjective of 'इदम् सर्वम्' कीतिरेव - कीर्तिः + एव, only the fame.

मक्षिकाः व्रणमिच्छन्ति धनमिच्छन्ति पार्थिवाः। नीचाः कलहमिच्छन्ति शान्तिमिच्छन्ति साधवः।।3।।

Prose-order : मक्षिका: व्रणम् इच्छिन्ति, पार्थिवाः धनम् इच्छन्ति, नीचाः कलहम् इच्छन्ति, साधवः शान्तिम् इच्छन्ति।

Translation: Houseflies want wounds. Kings want wealth. Wicked people want quarrels or conflict. Good people want peace.

Explanation: When we enjoy gossiping, we are like a fly that delights in the wounds of others.

Glossary : व्रणम् – wound, पार्थिवाः – kings, नीचाः – mean, vile, साधवः – good people, शान्तिम् – peace, object of the verb 'इच्छन्ति'।

गावो गन्धेन पश्चन्ति वेदैः पश्यन्ति ब्रह्मणाः। चारैः पश्यन्ति राजानश्चक्षुामितरे जनाः।।4।।

Prose – order : गावः गन्धेन पश्यन्ति, ब्राह्मणाः वेदैः पश्यन्ति, राजानः चारैः पश्यन्ति, इतरे जनाः चक्षुर्थ्याम् (पश्यन्ति)।

Translation: Cows perceive things by smell. Brahmins perceive by their knowledge of Vedas. Kings perceive through their spies. Common people perceive with their eyes.

Glossary : गावः – cows, गो – (feminine noun ending in ओ) nominative plural, subject of the verb 'पश्यन्ति', गन्धेन – by scent, पश्यन्ति – (they) see, understand, learn perceive, verb of the subjects 'गावः, ब्राह्मणः, राजानः and इतरे जनाः चारैः – be spies; common people, चतुर्थ्याम् – चक्षुस् (Neuter noun ending in स) instrumental dual, with the two eyes.

दरिद्राय धनं देयं ज्ञानं देयं जडाय च। पिपासिताय पानीयं क्षुधिताय च भोजनम् ॥5।

Prose-order : दरिद्राय धनम् देयम्, जडाय च ज्ञानम् देयम्, पिपासिताय पानीयम्, क्षुधिताय च भोजनम्

Translation: Money should be given to the poor, and knowledge should be given to the ignorant. Water should be given to the thirsty, and food should be given to the hungry.

Explanation: We should give others what they most need. The receiver's requirement should determine the kind of gift we offer. The right gift can be chosen only if we have genuine interest in the other person for whom it is meant.

Glossary : दरिद्राय – to the poor, देयम् – should be given, दा (1P, 3U) potential passive participle (विध्यर्थ कर्मणि कृदन्ति) nominative-accusative singular or masculine accusative singular. When the root 1 is used, the person to whom something is given has to be in the Dative case. so, दारिद्राय, जडाय, पिपासिताय, क्षुधिताय are the Dative forms, जडाय to the ignorant, पिपासिताय – to the thirsty, क्षुधिताय – to the hungry.

लोभात्क्रोधः प्रभवति लोभात्कामः प्रजायते। लोभान्मोहश्च लोभः पापस्य कारणम्॥6॥

Prose-order : लोभात् क्रोधः प्रभवति, लोभात् कामः प्रजायते, लोभात् मोहः च नाशः च (भवतः)। लोभः पापस्य कारणम् (अस्ति)।

Translation: Anger comes from greed. Desire is born from greed. Illusion and destruction are also caused by greed. Greed itself is the cause of all sin.

Explanation: Greed is the wish for what is not rightfully ours. When we do not get it, we become angry. Think of dictators like Hitler and Napoleon and what led to their downfall.

Glossary : लोभात् – from greed, प्रभवति – originates, verb of the subject, क्रोध: कामः – desire, the subject of the verb प्रजायते, मोहश्च – मोहः + च, and नाशः – destruction or ruin, पापस्य – of the sin.

तक्षकस्य विषं दन्ते मक्षिकायाश्च मस्तके। वृश्चिकस्य विषं पुच्छे सर्वाङ्गे दुर्जनस्य तत्॥

Prose-order : तक्षकस्य विषम (तस्य) दन्ते (भवति), मक्षिकायाः च (विषम्) मस्तके (भवति), वृश्चिकस्य विषम् (तस्य) पुच्छे (भवति), दुर्जनस्य तत् (विषम्) (तस्य) सर्वाङ्ग (भवति)।

Translation: The snake (or Taksaka) has poison in its teeth. The fly has poison in its head. The scorpion has poison in its tail. A wicked person's whole body is full of poison.

Explanation: A wicked person is more poisonous than a snake, a fly, and a scorpion.

Glossary : तक्षकस्य – of a snake of a snake called तक्षक, मक्षिकायाः – of fly, वृश्चिकस्य – of a scorpion, पुच्छे – in the tail, दुर्जनस्य – of the wicked, तत् – it stands for, विषम् सर्वाङ्गे – सर्वम् अङ्गम्, तस्मिन् – कर्मधारय समास in the whole body.

उत्सवे, व्यसने चैव दुर्भिक्षे शत्रुविप्लवे। राजद्वारे श्मशाने च यस्तिष्ठति स बान्धवः॥४॥

Prose-order : उत्सवे, व्यसने, दुर्भिक्षे, शत्रुविप्लवे, राजद्वारे, श्मशाने च एव यः तिष्ठति, सः बान्धवः (अस्ति)।

Translation: One who stands by us during a festival, in calamity, famine, war with an enemy, in the royal assembly, and even in the crematorium, is our real relative.

Explanation: A person who shares our happiness and sorrow is truly our relative. Note that `व्यसन`, `दुर्भिक्ष`, `शत्रुविप्लव`, and `श्मशान` indicate sadness. These are more numerous than `उत्सवे` or `राजद्वारे`, which signify joyful events. One goes to the royal assembly to receive a reward or title.

Glossary : उत्सवे – during the festival or celebration, during happy time, व्यसने – in difficulty, दुर्भिक्षे – दुःखेन भिक्ष्यते अस्मिन् इति दुर्भिक्षम् तस्मिन् – in the famine, शत्रुविप्लवे – शत्रूणां विप्लवः, तस्मिन् षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास in the war with enemies, राजद्वारे – राज्ञःद्वारम्, तस्मिन् at the door of the king in the royal assembly, श्मशाने – शवाः शेरते अत्र इति श्मशानम्, तस्मिन – अनियमित उपपद तत्पुरुष समास in the crematorium, बान्धवः – relative.