GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 2 कुलस्य आचारः

1. विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितं पदम् चित्वा लिखित
Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives:

Question 1. तृषापीडितः शिशुः कस्य समीपं गच्छति?
(क) जनन्याः
(ख) जलस्य
(ग) नीडस्य
(घ) गगनस्य
Answer: (घ) गगनस्य
In simple words: The thirsty baby bird goes towards the sky. This shows its traditional custom of drinking only cloud water.

Exam Tip: In this story, the thirsty baby Chataka bird only goes towards the sky (gagan) as part of its family tradition (kulachara) to drink rainwater.

Question 2. 'मेघः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायः कः?
(क) जलम्
(ख) वृष्टिः
(ग) जलदः
(घ) गगनम्
Answer: (ग) जलदः
In simple words: The word 'meghah' means 'cloud'. The equivalent word 'jaladah' also means 'cloud' (one who gives water).

Exam Tip: For Sanskrit synonyms, understand the root meaning. 'Jalada' means 'water-giver', which accurately defines a cloud.

Question 3. सर्वेः किं रक्षितव्यम्?
(क) तडागः
(ख) कुलाचार
(ग) मेघः
(घ) शिशुः
Answer: (ख) कुलाचार
In simple words: Everyone should protect their family traditions. The story emphasizes that traditions are very important to maintain.

Exam Tip: The central theme of the chapter is the importance of 'Kulachara' (family tradition), so this answer is key.

Question 4. वृद्धः कीदृशः आसीत्?
(क) अन्धः
(ख) विकल:
(ग) मरणासन्नः
(घ) स्वस्थः
Answer: (ग) मरणासन्नः
In simple words: The old farmer was dying. This situation made his conversation with his son very impactful.

Exam Tip: Details about the farmer's condition are important as they set the context for his interaction with his son and the Chataka bird.

Question 5. शिशुः कस्य प्रतीक्षा करोति?
(क) मेघस्य
(ख) मेघाय
(ग) मेघम्
(घ) मेघेन
Answer: (क) मेघस्य
In simple words: The baby bird waits for the cloud. It is waiting for the rain from the cloud to drink.

Exam Tip: The Chataka bird's tradition is to drink only cloud water, so its waiting for the cloud is a direct reflection of this tradition.

Question 6. 'पुनरपि' इति शब्दस्य उचितं सन्धि-विच्छेदं दर्शयत्।
(क) पुन + रपि
(ख) पुनो + अपि
(ग) पुनः + अपि
(घ) पुनर् + पि
Answer: (ग) पुनः + अपि
In simple words: The word 'punarapi' means 'again'. Its correct split combines 'punah' (again) and 'api' (also/too).

Exam Tip: Remember the rules of Sanskrit Sandhi, especially for words ending in 's' or 'r' before vowels.

Question 7. 'वत्स! कुलस्य आचारं रक्षितु त्वया सम्यक् आचरितम्।'- एतत् वाक्यं कः वदति?
(क) जननी
(ख) वृद्धः
(ग) कृषकपुत्रः
(घ) चातकः
Answer: (ख) वृद्धः
In simple words: The old man says this line to his son. He praises his son for properly following their family tradition.

Exam Tip: Identifying who speaks which line helps in understanding character roles and the story's development.

Question 8. अहं तडागजलम् पातुम् .............. । रिक्तस्थाने उचितं क्रियापदं लिखित।
(क) इच्छति
(ख) इच्छसि
(ग) इच्छामि
(घ) इच्छतु
Answer: (ग) इच्छामि
In simple words: The correct verb to fill the blank is 'icchāmi', which means 'I wish' or 'I want'. This matches the first-person singular 'aham' (I).

Exam Tip: Always match the verb form with the subject's person and number in Sanskrit grammar.

2. संस्कृतभाषया उत्तरं लिखत –
Write answer in Sanskrit language.

Question 1. कः तृषया पीडितः आसीत्?
Answer: एकः चातकशिशुः तृषया पीडितः आसीत्।
In simple words: A baby Chataka bird was suffering from thirst.

Exam Tip: This is a direct question about the main character, so remember the bird's name.

Question 2. पातुं न अर्हति।
Answer: चातकशिशुः मेघजलं पातुं न अर्हति।
In simple words: The baby Chataka bird should not drink cloud water.

Exam Tip: The question is partially provided. Rely on context to ensure your answer makes sense in the story's framework.

Question 3. कृषकपुत्रस्य दारिद्म केन् नष्टं भविष्यति?
Answer: कृषकपुत्रस्य दारिद्यं मार्ग प्राप्तेन धनस्यूतेन नष्टं भविष्यति।
In simple words: The farmer's son's poverty would be destroyed by the bag of money found on the road.

Exam Tip: The discovery of the money bag is a crucial plot point that tests the son's adherence to tradition.

Question 4. कृषकपुत्रेण मार्गे किं प्राप्तम्?
Answer: कृषकपुत्रेण मार्गे धनस्यूतः प्राप्तः।
In simple words: The farmer's son found a bag of money on the road.

Exam Tip: This is a simple recall question. State what was found and where.

Question 5. शिशोः तृषा केन नष्टा?
Answer: शिशोः तृषा मेघजलस्य पानेन नष्टा।
In simple words: The baby bird's thirst was quenched by drinking rainwater.

Exam Tip: The resolution of the bird's thirst confirms its commitment to the family tradition of only drinking cloud water.

3. रेखांकितपदानां स्थाने कोष्ठकात् पदं प्रस्थाप्य प्रश्नवाक्यं रचयत –
Use the correct word from the brackets in place of the underlined words and make interrogative sentences. (कः, का, कुत्र, कीदृशः, किम्, कस्यै)

Question 1. जननी शिशुं बोधयति।
Answer: का शिशुं बोधयति?
In simple words: Replace 'Janani' (mother) with 'Kaa' (who, feminine) to ask who is advising the baby bird.

Exam Tip: For making interrogative sentences, pick the pronoun that correctly replaces the underlined noun in terms of gender and number.

Question 2. मार्गे परिश्रान्तः सः तिष्ठति?
Answer: मार्गे कीदृशः सः तिष्ठति?
In simple words: Replace 'parishrantah' (tired) with 'keedrishah' (of what kind/how) to ask about the person's state.

Exam Tip: 'Keedrishah' is used to ask about the nature or condition of a masculine subject.

Question 3. कृषक: वृद्धः आसीत्।
Answer: कः वृद्धः आसीत्?
In simple words: Replace 'Krishakah' (farmer) with 'Kah' (who, masculine) to ask who was old.

Exam Tip: 'Kah' is the interrogative pronoun for a masculine singular subject.

Question 4. धनस्यूतः मार्ग प्राप्तः।
Answer: धनस्यूतः कुत्र प्राप्तः?
In simple words: Replace 'maarge' (on the road) with 'Kutra' (where) to ask about the location where the money bag was found.

Exam Tip: 'Kutra' is used to inquire about the place or location.

Question 5. सः तस्यै सर्वं वृत्तान्तं कथयति।
Answer: सः कस्यै सर्वं वृत्तान्तं कथयति।
In simple words: Replace 'Tasyai' (to her) with 'Kasyai' (to whom, feminine dative) to ask to whom he narrated the whole account.

Exam Tip: 'Kasyai' is the dative case interrogative pronoun for a feminine singular recipient.

4. निर्देशानुसारं धातुरूपाणां परिचयं लिखत
Recognize the root forms as directed:

Exam Tip: To properly identify root forms, memorize verb conjugations (Lakar, Padam, Purush, Vachanam) for common Sanskrit verbs.

5. अधोलिखितानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि मातृभाषायाम् लिखत –
Answer the following questions in mother tongue.

Question 1. What does Kulachara mean?
Answer: Kulachara refers to the conduct (āchār) followed within a family or dynasty (kul) by long-held tradition. For instance, the Chātaka birds' tradition was to drink only cloud water. Similarly, the Raghu dynasty held the family tradition of always keeping promises, no matter the cost. This concept of Kulachara becomes deeply ingrained in the mind of the old farmer's son.
In simple words: Kulachara is a family tradition or custom passed down. It includes behaviors like the Chātaka bird drinking only cloud water or a family keeping its promises.

Exam Tip: Define 'Kulachara' clearly and provide examples from the story (Chataka birds, Raghu dynasty) to illustrate its significance.

Question 2. What does mother ask baby chataka not to do?
Answer: The mother asks the baby Chātaka not to drink water from a lake or pond to satisfy its thirst. She explains that drinking rainwater directly from the cloud is their family's custom. Drinking any other water would mean going against this noble tradition.
In simple words: The mother tells the baby bird not to drink water from lakes or ponds because their family tradition is to drink only rainwater from clouds.

Exam Tip: Focus on the specific instruction given by the mother and the underlying reason related to family tradition.

Question 3. In spite of being poor, why did the farmers son even not touch the bag of wealth?
Answer: The baby Chātaka happens to overhear the conversation between the farmer and his son. The son tells his old father that he found a bag of wealth on his way. He reached out his hand, but immediately pulled it back when he recalled his father's advice. Not taking money that belonged to another person was their family's tradition. He left the bag where it lay and maintained his family's custom.
In simple words: The farmer's son, despite being poor, did not take the money bag because he remembered his father's teaching that taking others' money was against their family tradition.

Exam Tip: Highlight the son's memory of his father's advice and his decision to uphold family tradition over personal gain, despite his poverty.

Question 4. Why did baby chataka not drink water from the pond?
Answer: The baby Chātaka was suffering from great thirst. When its mother told it about their Kulachara of drinking only water from the cloud, the baby Chātaka set off for the pond without properly heeding its mother's counsel. On the way, the conversation between the dying farmer and his son caused a significant change in its outlook. The baby Chātaka became convinced that upholding Kulachara was extremely important. Thus, the young bird chose to wait for the rains and refrained from drinking water from the pond.
In simple words: The baby bird did not drink from the pond because it heard a conversation between a farmer and his son, which convinced it to uphold its family tradition of only drinking rainwater, despite its thirst.

Exam Tip: Describe the sequence of events leading to the bird's decision: initial thirst, mother's advice, overhearing the conversation, and the final resolve to uphold tradition.

GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit कुलस्य आचारः Additional Important Questions and Answers

1. अधोदत्तानि वाक्यानि घटनाक्रमानुसारं पुनः लिखित –
Rewrite the following sentences in their proper chronological order.

Question (क)
1. बाल! वयं तु मेघजलम् एव पिबामः।
2. अतः तृषया पीडितः अहं तडागजलम् पातुम् गच्छामि।
3. एषः अस्माकं कुलस्य आचारः।
4. जलं पातुम् इच्छामि।
5. अम्ब! तृषा मां पीडयति।
6. अधुना आकाशे मेघान् न पश्यामि।
Answer:
1. अम्ब! तृषा मां पीडयति।
2. जलं पातुम् इच्छामि।
3. बाल! वयं तु मेघजलम् एव पिबामः।
4. एषः अस्माकं कुलस्य आचारः।
5. अधुना आकाशे मेघान् न पश्यामि।
6. अतः तृषया पीडितः अहं तडागजलम् पातुम् गच्छामि।
In simple words: The sentences describe the baby bird's thirst, its desire for water, the mother's explanation of their tradition, the bird's observation of no clouds, and its decision to go to the pond.

Exam Tip: Read the sentences carefully to identify the cause-and-effect relationships and the natural progression of events in the story.

Question (ख)
1. कृषक: वृद्धः मरणासन्नः च आसीत्।
2. अतः अहम् तम् धनस्यूतम् अत्यजम्।
3. त्वम् तृषायाः सहनं कृत्वा मेघस्य प्रतीक्षा कर्तुम् अर्हसि।
4. मरणासन्नस्य वृद्धस्य तत्पुत्रस्य च कुलाचारं पालयितुं कीदृशी श्रद्धा।
Answer:
1. त्वम् तृषायाः सहनं कृत्वा मेघस्य प्रतीक्षा कर्तुम् अर्हसि।
2. कृषक: वृद्धः मरणासन्नः च आसीत्।
3. तेन मदीयं दारिद्यं नष्टं भविष्यति इति विचार्य धनस्यूतग्रहणाय अहं हस्तः प्रसारितः।
4. अतः अहम् तम् धनस्यूतम् अत्यजम्।
5. मरणासन्नस्य वृद्धस्य तत्पुत्रस्य च कुलाचारं पालयितुं कीदृशी श्रद्धा।
In simple words: This sequence shows the bird being advised to wait, then encountering the dying farmer, the son's internal struggle with the money bag, his decision to leave it, and the bird's reflection on their devotion to tradition.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the shifts in perspective (from the bird's internal thoughts to the farmer's story) to correctly order the events.

2. अधोदत्तानां वाक्यानां संस्कृतभाषायाम् अनुवाद कुरुत –
Translate the following sentences into Sanskrit language.

Question 1. There was a baby chataka.
Answer: एकः चातकशिशुः आसीत्।
In simple words: This translates "there was a baby bird" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: Remember common Sanskrit words for 'one', 'Chataka bird', and 'was/existed'.

Question 2. Once it became thirsty.
Answer: एकदा सः तृषापीडितः अभवत्।
In simple words: This translates "once he became thirsty" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: Use 'ekadā' for 'once' and 'abhavat' for 'became'. 'Trushāpeeditah' means 'thirsty'.

Question 3. He said to his mother, “Mother, I am thirsty.
Answer: सः स्वमातरम् अवदत्, "अम्ब, अहं तृषापीडितः अस्मि।”
In simple words: This translates "he said to his mother, 'Mother, I am thirsty'" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to direct speech quotation marks and proper dative case for 'to his mother' and first-person singular for 'I am thirsty'.

Question 4. But we drink only the water of the cloud.
Answer: वयं तु मेघजलम् एव पिबामः।
In simple words: This translates "we drink only cloud water" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: 'Vayam' means 'we', 'meghajalam' is 'cloud water', and 'pibaamah' is 'we drink'. 'Evam' (only) emphasizes the restriction.

Question 5. So you should not drink the water of the pond.
Answer: अतः त्वं तडागजलम् पातुं न अर्हसि।
In simple words: This translates "therefore you should not drink pond water" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: 'Atah' means 'therefore', 'tvam' is 'you', 'tadāgajalam' is 'pond water', and 'na arhasi' means 'should not'.

Question 6. When will the cloud shower and when shall I get water of the cloud?
Answer: कदा मेघः वर्षिष्यति कदा च अहं मेघजलं प्राप्स्यामि?
In simple words: This translates "when will the cloud rain and when will I get cloud water" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: Use 'kadā' for 'when'. 'Varshishyati' is future tense for 'will shower', and 'prāpsyāmi' is future tense for 'I shall get'.

Question 7. Child, this is not our family tradition.
Answer: वत्स, एषः अस्माकं कुलाचारः न।
In simple words: This translates "child, this is not our family tradition" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: 'Vatsa' is an affectionate term for 'child'. 'Eshah' means 'this', 'asmaakam' means 'our', and 'kulāchārah na' means 'not family tradition'.

Question 8. Bearing with the thirst, you should wait for the cloud.
Answer: त्वम् तृषायाः सहनं कृत्वा मेघस्य प्रतीक्षा कर्तुम् अर्हसि।
In simple words: This translates "you should bear thirst and wait for the cloud" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: 'Trushāyāh sahanam krutvā' means 'having endured thirst'. 'Meghasya pratīkshā kartum arhasi' means 'you should wait for the cloud'.

Question 9. The old farmer was about to die.
Answer: वृद्धः कृषक: मरणासन्नः आसीत्।
In simple words: This translates "the old farmer was on his deathbed" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: 'Vruddhah krishakah' means 'old farmer'. 'Maraṇāsannah' means 'dying' or 'on the verge of death'.

Question 10. Father, today a bag of money was found be me.
Answer: तात, अद्य मार्गे मया धनस्यूतः प्राप्तः।
In simple words: This translates "father, today a money bag was found by me on the road" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: 'Tāta' is a respectful address for 'father'. 'Adya' means 'today'. 'Maarge' means 'on the road'. 'Mayā' means 'by me'. 'Dhanasyūtah' means 'money bag'. 'Prāptah' means 'was found'.

Question 11. Taking money of others is not our family tradition.
Answer: अन्यस्य धनस्य ग्रहणम् अस्माकं कुलाचारः न।
In simple words: This translates "taking others' money is not our family tradition" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: 'Anyasya dhanasya grahaṇam' means 'taking others' money'. 'Asmākam kulāchārah na' means 'is not our family tradition'.

Question 12. Thus thinking, he returns to his mother.
Answer: एवं विचिन्त्य सः स्वजन्नी प्रत्यागच्छति।
In simple words: This translates "thinking this, he returns to his mother" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: 'Evam vichintya' means 'thinking thus'. 'Svajanani' means 'his own mother'. 'Pratyāgachhati' means 'returns'.

3. अधोदत्तं गद्यखण्डं पठित्वा तदाधारिताना प्रश्नानाम् उत्ताराणि संस्कृतभाषायां लिखत –
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions based on it in Sanskrit.

जनन्या कथनम् अश्रुत्वा चातकशिशुः तडागजलं पातुं तडागं गन्तुं निर्गच्छति। मार्गे परिश्रान्तः स यदा एकस्य कृषकस्य गृहस्य समीपे तिष्ठति तदा तातपुत्रयोः वार्तालापं शृणोति। कृषकः वृद्धः मरणासन्नः च आसीत्। तस्य समीपे स्थितः तस्य पुत्रः तस्मै कृषकाय कथयति, “तात! अद्य मार्गे मया धनस्यूतः प्राप्तः। तस्य दर्शनात् आनन्दः जातः। तेन मदीयं दारिद्र्यं नष्टं भविष्यति इति विचार्य धनस्यूतग्रहणाय अहं हस्तं प्रासारयम्। किन्तु तदैव मया भवदीयः उपदेशः स्मृतः – 'अन्यस्य धनस्य ग्रहणम् अस्माकं कुलाचारः न' इति। अतः तं धनस्यूतं तत्रैव अत्यजम्।।”

Question 1. किं कृत्वा चातकशिशुः तडागजलं पातुं तडागं गच्छति?
Answer: जनन्याः कथनम् अश्रुत्वा चातकशिशुः तडागजलं पातुं तडागं गच्छति।
In simple words: The baby Chataka bird goes to the pond to drink water without listening to its mother's words.

Exam Tip: The answer is directly found in the first line of the passage. Make sure to accurately quote or rephrase from the text.

Question 2. मार्गे परिश्रान्तः सः कुत्र तिष्ठति ?
Answer: मार्गे परिश्रान्तः सः एकस्य कृषकस्य गृहस्य समीपे तिष्ठति।
In simple words: The tired bird stops near a farmer's house on the way.

Exam Tip: Locate the part of the passage that describes where the tired bird rests.

Question 3. कृषकपुत्रः कयोः वार्तालापम् अशृणोत्?
Answer: कृषकपुत्रः तातपुत्रयोः वार्तालापम् अशृणोत्?
In simple words: The farmer's son overheard the conversation between the father and the son.

Exam Tip: Identify the two characters involved in the conversation that the farmer's son heard.

Question 4. कृषकपुत्रेण स्वजनकस्य कः उपदेशः स्मृतः?
Answer: कृषकपुत्रेण स्वजनकस्य, एषः उपदेशः स्मृतः 'अन्यस्य धनस्य ग्रहणम् अस्माकं कुलाचारः न इति।
In simple words: The farmer's son remembered his father's advice: "Taking others' money is not our family tradition."

Exam Tip: The father's advice is a direct quote in the passage. Ensure to include the exact advice in your answer.

4. अधोदत्तानां गद्यांशानाम् आङ्ग्लभाषायाम् अनुवाद कुरुत –
Translate the following passages into English:

Question 1. जननी वदति, "बालः वयं तु मेघजलम् एव पिबामः, तडागजलं न पिबामः। एषः अस्माकं कुलस्य आचारः। अतः त्वं तडागजलं पातुम् न शक्नोषि" इति। एक: चातकशिशुः आसीत्। स एकदा तृषया पीडित: जनन्याः समीपं व्रजति वदति च, “अम्ब! तृषा मां पीडयति। अहं जलं पातुम् इच्छामि। सम्प्रति मेघजलं न मिलति, अत: तडागजलमेव पातुम इच्छामि।”
Answer: There was a young Chataka bird. Once, suffering from thirst, he went to his mother and said, “Mother, thirst troubles me. I wish to drink water. Presently, cloud water is not available, so I want to drink only pond water.” The mother says, “Child, we drink only cloud water, we do not drink pond water. This is our family tradition. Therefore, you cannot drink pond water.”
In simple words: A thirsty baby bird tells its mother it wants pond water because cloud water is unavailable. The mother reminds him of their tradition: they only drink rainwater, so he cannot drink pond water.

Exam Tip: Translate each sentence accurately, paying attention to verb tenses, pronouns, and the meaning of key Sanskrit terms like 'Kulachara'.

Question 2. जननी पुनरपि चातकशिशु बोधयति, “बाल! न अयम् अस्माकं कुलाचारः। कुलाचारः सदैव रक्षितव्यः एव। अतः त्वं तडागजलं पातुं न अर्हसि। तृषाया सहनं कृत्वा मेघस्य प्रतीक्षा कर्तुम् अर्हसि त्वम्।”
Answer: Mother again advises the young Chataka, “Child, this is not our family tradition. The family tradition must always be preserved. Therefore, you should not drink the water of the lake. You should endure your thirst and wait for the cloud to shower.”
In simple words: The mother again tells the young bird that drinking pond water is not their tradition. She emphasizes preserving family customs and tells him to be patient, bearing his thirst while waiting for the rain.

Exam Tip: Highlight the mother's repeated advice and her emphasis on the importance of preserving family traditions, even in difficult circumstances.

Question 3. सः चिन्तयति- 'पशवः पक्षिण श्चैव मानवाश्च सदाशयाः। रक्षन्ति सवकुलाचारं रक्षामि कुलमात्मनः॥ एवं विचिन्त्य सः मातरं प्रत्यागच्छति सर्वं वृत्तान्तं च कथयति। माता सन्तोषमनुभवति, शिशवे च आशीर्वादं ददाति। अल्पे एवं काले मेघवृष्टिः भवति। मेघजलं पीत्वा चातकशिशोः तृषा शाम्यति।
Answer: He thinks, "Beasts, birds, and also well-meaning human beings maintain their own family traditions. I will also take care of my own family's tradition." Thinking thus, he returns to his mother and narrates the whole account to her. The mother experiences satisfaction and blesses him. In a short time, the clouds shower rain. Drinking the cloud water, the thirst of the baby Chataka bird is satisfied.
In simple words: The bird realizes that all creatures follow their traditions and decides to uphold its own. It then returns to its mother, tells her everything, and she blesses him. Soon after, it rains, and the bird quenches its thirst.

Exam Tip: Ensure a clear flow in the translation, connecting the bird's internal reflection with its actions and the happy resolution of the story.

कुलस्य आचारः Introduction:

This modern fable is based on the poetic belief that चातक lives only on raindrops. The baby चातक does not want to follow the family tradition. It is too thirsty to care for the tradition. In spite of its mother's pleading, the baby चातक proceeds to go to the pond. On the way, the dialogue between the old farmer on the death bed and his young son is heard by the baby चातक, and this convinces the young bird the importance of preserving tradition.
In simple words: This story is about a baby bird that only drinks rainwater. At first, it's too thirsty to follow this family rule and heads to a pond. But after hearing a conversation between a dying farmer and his son, the bird realizes how important it is to keep traditions alive.

Exam Tip: This introduction provides the background to the story. Understand the core conflict (thirst vs. tradition) and the turning point (overhearing the conversation).

In Sanskrit literature, चातक and चकारे are the two birds that represent undivided loyalty. acht is said to feed on moon-beams. While reading such stories, students should learn to visualise the incidents in the story taking place using their own imagination. This habit will help you in making your own composition lively and colourful.
In simple words: In Sanskrit writings, the Chataka birds symbolize loyalty. Reading these tales helps students picture the story events and makes their own writing more vivid.

Exam Tip: Note the symbolic meaning of the Chataka bird (unwavering loyalty) as it enriches the understanding of the fable.

कुलस्य आचारः Prose, Translation And Glossary

एक: चातकशिशुः आसीत्। स एकदा तृषया पीडित: जनन्याः समीपं व्रजति वदति च, “अम्ब! तृषा मां पीडयति। अहं जलं पातुम् इच्छामि। सम्प्रति मेघजलं न मिलति, अत: तडागजलमेव पातुम इच्छामि।” जननी वदति, “बाल! वयं तु मेघजलम् एव पिबाम्ः, तडागजलं न पिबामः। एषः अस्माकं कुलस्य आचारः। अतः त्वं तडागजलं पातुम् न शक्नोषि" इति।
There was a young Chataka bird. Once, suffering from thirst, he went to his mother and said, “Mother, thirst troubles me. I wish to drink water. Presently, cloud water is not available, so I want to drink only pond water.” The mother says, “Child, we drink only cloud water, we do not drink pond water. This is our family tradition. Therefore, you cannot drink pond water.”

Exam Tip: Practice translating simple Sanskrit sentences into English, focusing on correct subject-verb agreement and vocabulary.

चातकशिशु : कथयति, “अम्ब! महती मे तृषा। अधुना आकाशे मेघान् न पश्यामि। कदा मेघः वर्षिष्यति कदा च अहं मेघजलं पातुं शक्नोमि, इति न जानामि। अतः तृषया पीडितोऽहं तडागजलं पातुं गच्छामि।”
The young Chataka bird says, “Mother, I am very thirsty. Now I do not see the clouds in the sky. I do not know when the cloud will shower and when I will be able to drink the water of the cloud. So, being afflicted by thirst, I am going to the lake to drink water.”

Exam Tip: Observe how the bird's desperation leads it to consider breaking its tradition, setting up the central conflict.

जननी पुनरपि चातकशिशु बोधयति, “बाल! न अयम् अस्माकं कुलाचारः। कुलाचारः सदैव रक्षितव्यः एव। अतः त्वं तडागजलं पातुं न अर्हसि। तृषाया सहनं कृत्वा मेघस्य प्रतीक्षा कर्तुम् अर्हसि त्वम्।”
Mother again advises the young Chataka, “Child, this is not our family tradition. The family tradition must always be preserved. Therefore, you should not drink the water of the lake. You should endure your thirst and wait for the cloud to shower.”

Exam Tip: Note the mother's repeated emphasis on the importance of 'Kulachara' and enduring hardships for its sake.

जनन्या कथनम् अश्रुत्वा चातकशिशुः तडागजलं पातुं तडागं गन्तुं निर्गच्छति। मार्गे परिश्रान्तः स यदा एकस्य कृषकस्य गृहस्य समीपे तिष्ठति तदा तातपुत्रयोः वार्तालापं शृणोति।
Not paying heed to mother's advice, the young Chataka bird exits to go to the lake to drink its water. On the way, when feeling tired, he stops near a farmer's house, and there he hears the conversation of the father and son.

Exam Tip: This passage describes the pivotal moment where the bird disobeys, leading to the encounter that changes its perspective.

कृषक: वृद्धः मरणासन्नः च आसीत्। तस्य समीपे स्थितः तस्य पुत्रः तस्मै कृषकाय कथयति, “तात! अद्य मार्गे मया धनस्यूतः प्राप्तः। तस्य दर्शनात् आनन्दः जातः। तेन मदीयं दारिद्र्यं नष्टं भविष्यति इति विचार्य धनस्यूतग्रहणाय अहं हस्तं प्रासारयम्। किन्तु तदैव मया भवदीयः उपदेशः स्मृतः – 'अन्यस्य धनस्य ग्रहणम् अस्माकं कुलाचारः न' इति। अतः तं धनस्यूतं तत्रैव अत्यजम्।।”
The farmer was old and was about to die. His son, who was standing near him, tells the farmer, "Father, today I found a money bag on the way. Its sight filled me with joy. Thinking that my poverty would end because of it, I extended my hand to take the money bag. But immediately, I remembered your advice – 'Taking others' money is not our family tradition.' Therefore, I left that money bag right there."

Exam Tip: This is a crucial dialogue. Understand the son's initial temptation, his recall of his father's advice, and his ultimate decision to uphold honesty.

चातकशिशुः सर्वं शृणोति। सः विचारयति- 'अहो! मरणासन्नस्य वृद्धस्य तत्पुत्रस्य च स्वकीयं कुलाचारं पालयितुं कीदृशी श्रद्धा। अहं तु कुलाचारं न पालयामि। वयं मेघजलमेव पिबामः इति अस्माकं कुलाचारः। तमहं त्यक्तुं प्रवर्ते। एतत् अनुचितमस्ति।'
The young Chataka bird hears it all. He thinks, "Oh! How great is the faith of this old man on his deathbed and his son to maintain their family tradition! But I am not observing our family tradition. It is our family tradition that we drink only the water of the cloud. I was about to give it up. This is not proper."

Exam Tip: The bird's internal monologue reveals its transformation. Identify the contrast it draws between its own actions and the farmer's son's devotion to tradition.

सः चिन्तयति पशवः पक्षिणश्चैव मानवाश्च सदाशयाः। रक्षन्ति सवकुलाचारं रक्षामि कुलमात्मनः॥
He thinks, "Beasts, birds, and also well-meaning human beings maintain their own family traditions. I will also take care of my own family's tradition."

Exam Tip: This verse encapsulates the universal principle of upholding tradition, which the bird decides to follow.

एवं विचिन्त्य सः मातरं प्रत्यागच्छति सर्वं वृत्तान्तं च कथयति। माता सन्तोषमनुभवति, शिशवे च आशीर्वादं ददाति। अल्पे एवं काले मेघवृष्टिः भवति। मेघजलं पीत्वा चातकशिशोः तृषा शाम्यति।
Thus thinking, he returns to his mother and narrates the whole account to her. The mother experiences satisfaction and blesses him. In a short time, the clouds shower rain. Drinking the cloud water, the thirst of the baby Chataka bird is satisfied.

Exam Tip: This is the resolution of the story, showing the positive outcomes of adhering to tradition.

मरणासन्नः – मरणम् आसन्नः – द्वितीया तत्पुरुष who has reached death adjective of the noun, 'कृषकः' तस्य समीपं स्थितः – who was (स्थितः) near him, तस्मै कृषकाय कथयति – tells the farmer, Note: When the root, 4 is used, the person to whom something is told (the personal objects) is in the dative case, compare, तम् कृषकम् वदति, तस्मै कृषकाय कथयति, धनस्यूतः bag containing money, प्राप्तः – लब्धः got, तस्य (स्यूतस्य, धनस्य) दर्शनात् – by the sight of that, on seeing it, मदीयम् दारिद्रयम् – my poverty,
In simple words: Glossary terms related to the farmer's condition, the money bag, and the concept of poverty. It explains how 'maranasannah' means 'dying', 'dhanasyutah' means 'money bag', and 'madīyam dāridryam' means 'my poverty'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the parts of speech and grammatical cases explained in the glossary, as they are essential for Sanskrit comprehension.

मदीयम् is an adjective formed from the pronoun, भवदीय, त्वदीय, तदीय, अस्मदीय are other examples, नष्टम् भविष्यति – will be destroyed, will end, भविष्यति – भू-भव् (1P) लृट् लकार second future tense third person singular, verb of the subject, 'दारिद्यम्', इति विचार्य – thus thinking, धनस्यूतग्रहणाय – for taking the bag of money.
In simple words: This section defines 'madīyam' as an adjective and lists similar examples. It also explains 'nashṭam bhavishyati' (will be destroyed) and 'dhanasyutagrahaṇāya' (for taking the bag of money), noting their grammatical forms.

Exam Tip: Understand how adjectives are formed from pronouns and the use of the future tense in Sanskrit verbs.

Note: That the dative case is used to show the purpose of action, ग्रहणाय – ग्रहणार्थम् – ग्रहीतुम् – express almost the similar meaning, प्रासारयम् – I spread/put forth प्र + सृ (1P) प्रेरक लङ् लकार – causal imperfect past tense, first person singlar, verb of the causal subject, अहम्, तदैव – तदा + एव then only, immediately, भवदीय – your, भवदीय is used here to show respect otherwise त्वदीय would also have served the purpose, मया स्मृतः – was remembered by me, तत्रैव – तत्र + एव – these only, अत्यजम् – I left, त्यज् (1P) लङ लकार – imperfect past tense, first person singular.
In simple words: This note explains the dative case for purpose and the meaning of words like 'prāsārayam' (I spread) and 'mayā smritah' (was remembered by me). It also clarifies the respectful use of 'bhavadīya' (your) and the imperfect past tense of 'atyajam' (I left).

Exam Tip: Focus on the grammatical explanations, especially the dative case for purpose and different verb tenses, as they are key to constructing accurate Sanskrit sentences.

विचारयति – चिन्तयति – he thinks, कीदृशी श्रद्धा – what faith, कीदृशी is the adjective of the feminine noun 'श्रद्धा' compare; कीदृशः विश्वासः (M), कीदृशम् ज्ञानम् (N), कीदृशी वृत्तिः (F), त्यक्तुम् – to give up, प्रवर्ते – । I have become ready, प्र + वृत् – प्रवृष (1A) लट् लकार – present tense, first person singular, अनुचितम् – न उचितम् – नञ् तत्पुरुष – not proper
In simple words: This section defines 'vichārayati' (he thinks) and explains 'kīdṛśī śraddhā' (what faith), showing how 'kīdṛśī' functions as a feminine adjective. It also covers 'tyaktum' (to give up) and 'pravartate' (I have become ready), along with 'anuchitam' (not proper).

Exam Tip: Understand the use of interrogative adjectives like 'kīdṛśī' and the concept of Nanj Tatpurusha for negative compounds.

Prose order of the verse – सदाशयाः पशवः पक्षिणः च एव मानवाः च स्वकुलाचारम् रक्षन्ति। (अहम् अपि) रक्षामि।
In simple words: This explains the prose order of a verse: "Well-meaning beasts, birds, and also humans protect their own family tradition. (I too) protect."

Exam Tip: Understanding prose order helps in interpreting Sanskrit poetry by rearranging words into a more straightforward sentence structure.

सदाशयाः – शोभनः आशयः येषाम् ते – बहुव्रीहि समास; well meaning, adjective of पशवः, पक्षिणः, मानवाः, रक्षन्ति – (they) preserve, maintain.
In simple words: 'Sadāśayāḥ' means 'well-meaning', a Bahuvrīhi compound. It describes animals, birds, and humans who 'rakṣanti' (preserve) their traditions.

Exam Tip: Learn about Bahuvrihi compounds, which describe a person or thing by referring to another thing that they possess or are associated with.

विचिन्त्य – having thought, वि + चिन्त् (10U) भूतकृदन्त ल्यबन्त gerund, मातरम् प्रत्यागच्छति – returns to (his) mother, सर्व वृत्तान्तम् – the whole account object of the verb, कथयति Note: सः सर्वं वृत्तान्त तस्यै (मात्रे) कथयति, सन्तोषमनुभवति – सन्तोषमनुभवति – सन्तोषम् + अनुभवति (she) experiences satisfaction, शिशवे – to the child. The root दा (1P, 3U) requires the dative case of the recipient so, शिशवे another example: राजा ब्राह्मणाय धनं यच्छति/ददाति, अल्पे एव काले – in a short time only, पीत्वा – having drunk, पा – पिब (1P), भूतकृदन्त त्वान्त gerund, तुषा शाम्यति - (his) thirst is satisfied.
In simple words: This section defines 'vichintya' (having thought) as a gerund and 'mātaram pratyāgacchati' (returns to mother). It covers 'sarvam vruttāntam' (the whole account) and 'santoṣamanubhavati' (she experiences satisfaction). It also explains that verbs like 'dā' (to give) require the dative case for the recipient, as in 'śiśave' (to the child), and defines 'pītvā' (having drunk) and 'tṛṣā śāmyati' (thirst is satisfied).

Exam Tip: Understand the concept of gerunds (absolutives) in Sanskrit and how they connect actions. Also, remember verbs that govern the dative case for their objects.