GSEB Class 8 Social Science Solutions Chapter 14 Introduction of the Continents: Africa and Asia

Answer the Following Questions in Short:

Question 1. Which oceans lie to the north, south and east of the continent of Asia?
Answer: The Arctic Ocean is to its north, the Indian Ocean is to its south, and the Pacific Ocean is to the east of the Asian continent.
In simple words: Asia has the Arctic Ocean above it, the Indian Ocean below it, and the Pacific Ocean to its right side.

Question 2. Why are the rivers that meet Arctic Ocean not useful as waterways?
Answer: Rivers such as Ob, Yenisey, and Lena, which flow into the Arctic Ocean, stay frozen for the majority of the year. This makes them unsuitable as waterways.
In simple words: Rivers like Ob, Yenisey, and Lena freeze for most of the year because they flow into the Arctic Ocean, so ships cannot use them.

Collect Information With the Help of a Physical Map of Africa and Fill It in the Given Columns A, B and C:
(The information is given here in the form of answer.)

Study the Political Map of the World and Fill in the Blanks Given Below:

Question 1. Write the names of any countries of Asia that have a coastline?
Answer: Many Asian countries have coastlines. Some examples include India, China, Japan, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka.
In simple words: Many countries in Asia touch the sea. For example, India, China, and Japan all have coastlines.

Question 2. In which direction of Asia do these continents lie?
Answer: Europe is located to the north-west of Asia. Africa lies to the south-west, and Australia is found to the south-east.
In simple words: Europe is above and to the left of Asia. Africa is below and to the left, and Australia is below and to the right.

Make a List of the Freshwater Lakes of Asia and Africa:
Answer:
1. Freshwater lakes in Asia include Baikal, Angara, Balkash, Tong Ting Hu, Tonlesap, Wular, Dal, and Dhebar.
2. In Africa, key freshwater lakes are Lake Victoria (the biggest), Lake Malawi (also called Nyasa), and Lake Tanganyika.
In simple words: Asia has several freshwater lakes like Baikal and Dal. Africa has major freshwater lakes like Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika.

Make a List of the Countries of Asia With the Help of the Political Map:
Answer: Some of the countries in Asia include India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Kazakhstan, Cambodia, China, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, UAE, Uzbekistan, etc.
In simple words: Asia has many countries like India, China, Pakistan, and Japan.

State Whether the Following Statements Are True or False:

Question 1. The continent of Asia lies in the southern hemisphere.
Answer: False
In simple words: Asia is mostly located in the northern half of the Earth.

Question 2. The temperature remains high in summer in Central Asia.
Answer: True
In simple words: Central Asia gets very hot during the summer season.

Question 3. The winds blowing over the Arabian Sea bring rainfall in winter.
Answer: False
In simple words: Winds from the Arabian Sea bring rain mostly in summer, not winter.

Question 4. Cherrapunji is located in the state of Assam in India.
Answer: False
In simple words: Cherrapunji, known for high rainfall, is found in Meghalaya, not Assam.

Question 5. The Japanese live in tents made of leather.
Answer: False
In simple words: Japanese people typically live in modern homes, not traditional leather tents.

Question 6. Camel is used for transportation in the Himalayas.
Answer: False
In simple words: Camels are used in deserts, not usually in the snowy Himalayas.

Question 7. The Arabs wear woolen clothes in summer.
Answer: False
In simple words: Arabs commonly wear light clothing in summer to stay cool, not thick woolens.

Identify Me:

Question 1. I live in the forests of Africa and Gir.
Answer: Lion
In simple words: Lions live in African jungles and the Gir forest in India.

Question 2. I am a tree of the coastal region.
Answer: Coconut
In simple words: Coconut trees grow along the coastlines.

Question 3. I am an animal useful for agriculture.
Answer: Ox
In simple words: An ox is a strong animal that helps with farm work.

Question 4. I am the main tree of the equatorial region.
Answer: Mahogany
In simple words: Mahogany is a key tree found in regions close to the equator.

Answer the Following Questions in Short:

Question 1. Name the hot and the cold deserts of Asia.
Answer: Asia has hot deserts like the Arabian and Thar deserts, while its cold desert is named Gobi.
In simple words: Asia has hot deserts such as Arabia and Thar, and a cold desert called Gobi.

Question 2. Make a list of the neighbouring countries of India.
Answer: Countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar share land borders with India. Sri Lanka and Maldives are island nations in India's vicinity within the subcontinent.
In simple words: India shares land borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Sri Lanka and Maldives are nearby island nations.

Question 3. Make a list of the housing styles of Asia which you like the most.
Answer: Asia features different types of homes, including tents, huts, cement structures with flat or sloped tops, leather tents, and wooden houses. Among these, I prefer cement buildings with sloped roofs and also find tents quite exciting. [Note: This answer can change depending on a student's preference.]
In simple words: Asian homes include tents, huts, and cement buildings. I like sloped roof cement houses and adventurous tents. Students might choose different options.

Question 4. Make a list of the animals found in Asia.
Answer: Asia is home to animals like reindeer, polar bears, tigers, wolves, panthers, lions, elephants, rhinoceroses, camels, yaks, muskrats, sables, raccoons, beavers, caribou, camels with two humps, horses, donkeys, mules, cows, oxen, buffaloes, sheep, goats, wild ass, and many types of deer and monkeys. In the surrounding seas, various fish, seals, walruses, and whales can be found.
In simple words: Asia has many animals like tigers, elephants, and camels. Its seas also have fish, seals, and whales.

Activities
Make a list of the big cities of the countries of Africa and Asia on the basis of political maps of these countries.

GSEB Class 8 Social Science Introduction of the Continents: Africa and Asia Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1. From which continent do the three major latitudes pass?
Answer: All three main lines of latitude—the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator, and the Tropic of Capricorn—cross through the African continent.
In simple words: Africa is special because the three most important imaginary lines on Earth—Tropic of Cancer, Equator, and Tropic of Capricorn—all go through it.

Question 2. Which strait separates the continents of Africa and Europe? See the map and write.
Answer: The Strait of Gibraltar marks the boundary between the continents of Africa and Europe.
In simple words: Africa and Europe are separated by a narrow waterway called the Strait of Gibraltar.

Question 3. Which region separates Asia and Africa? See the map and write.
Answer: The Sinai Peninsula, part of Egypt, acts as the land divider between Asia and Africa.
In simple words: Asia and Africa are separated by Egypt's Sinai Peninsula.

Question 4. Which seas and oceans surround the continent of Africa? See the map and write.
Answer: Africa is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to its north, the Red Sea to its north-east, the Indian Ocean to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its west.
In simple words: North of Africa is the Mediterranean Sea. To its northeast is the Red Sea, to its east is the Indian Ocean, and to its west is the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 5. Look at the map and locate the 'Cape of Good Hope'.
Answer: The 'Cape of Good Hope' is situated at the far south-west of South Africa, along the shore of the Atlantic Ocean.
In simple words: The 'Cape of Good Hope' is a point on the very southwestern coast of South Africa, right on the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 6. With the help of the political map of Africa given above prepare a list of countries in it:
Answer: Some countries in Africa include Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, and Madagascar.
In simple words: Africa has many countries. Examples are Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya.

Question 7. Fill in the blanks in the following tables by making use of physical map of Asia: (Answers are given in the form of fill ups.)

Question 8. Why can't one drown in the Dead Sea? Think and write.
Answer: The Dead Sea is the saltiest lake globally. Its water contains eight times more salt than average seawater, making it very heavy. Its density surpasses that of a human body, so objects with less density than the water will float instead of sinking. As a result, people cannot drown in the Dead Sea.
In simple words: The Dead Sea is super salty, much heavier than regular water. Because its water is denser than a person, you float easily and can't drown there.

Question 9. Think and say. (1) Find out the places of Asia that receive the maximum and the minimum rainfall. (2) Find out the places of Asia that experience maximum heat and maximum cold.
Answer:
(1) In Asia, the highest rainfall occurs in Mawsynram and Cherrapunji, located in India's Meghalaya state. The driest areas with minimal rainfall are the desert parts of central and western Asia.
(2) Jacobabad city in Pakistan experiences the highest temperatures, while Verkhoyansk city in Siberia endures the coldest conditions.
In simple words: In Asia, Mawsynram and Cherrapunji in India get the most rain, and central/west Asian deserts get the least. Jacobabad in Pakistan is the hottest, and Verkhoyansk in Siberia is the coldest.

Question 10. Fill in the blanks in the following table with the help of map '. (Blanks are filled up as answer,)

Question 11. Pictures and names of some vegetation are given according to the vegetation regions as shown in the map of Asia. Write down the name of the natural vegetation region below that picture: (Names are written below in the form of answer.)
Answer:
- Vegetation of seasonal rain forests
- Thorny vegetation of desert region
- Dry vegetation of desert region
- Vegetation of equatorial region
- Equatorial vegetation
- Vegetation of coniferous type
- Vegetation of cold region (pine)
- Vegetation of south and south-east Asian coastal region (coconut)
In simple words: This activity shows different types of plants and trees that grow in various parts of Asia, like forests, deserts, and coastal areas.

Question 12. On page no. 119 of textbook pictures of people of Asia are given. Write down the names of the country in the box given below the picture, depending on the clothing of the people of the region, on the basis of map of Asia: (Answers are given below each picture.)
Answer: Based on the images of people from different Asian regions and their traditional attire, the countries are identified as:
(i) People of Afghan race: Afghanistan
(ii) People of Mongol race: Mongolia
(iii) People of Russian race: Russia
(iv) People of Cambodia (Khmer) race: Cambodia
In simple words: We can identify the countries like Afghanistan, Mongolia, Russia, and Cambodia by looking at the traditional clothes of their people in the pictures.

Question 13. Find out from the map, in which areas of Asia can we find such dwelling places as shown in the pictures and write the name of that particular area below that picture: (Answers are given below each picture.)
Answer: Looking at the images of various Asian dwellings, these types of homes are found in the following areas:
(i) Tent: Desert Region
(ii) House of heavy rainfall: Equatorial Region
(iii) Leather tent (Yurt): Central Asia
In simple words: This task shows different types of houses found in Asia, like tents for deserts, houses for rainy equatorial areas, and yurts for Central Asia.

GSEB Class 8 Social Science Introduction of the Continents: Africa and Asia Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the Correct Alternative From Those Given Below Each Question:

Question 1. Which latitude divides Africa almost in two equal parts?
(a) The Tropic of Capricorn
(b) The Antarctic Circle
(c) The Tropic of Cancer
(d) The Equator
Answer: (d) The Equator
In simple words: The Equator runs right through the middle of Africa, dividing it into two almost equal halves.

Question 2. In which year did Vasco-da-Gama discover the searoute to India from Europe?
(a) In 1502
(b) In 1493
(c) In 1498
(d) In 1490
Answer: (c) In 1498
In simple words: Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India from Europe in the year 1498.

Question 3. How much of the land portion of the world is covered by the African continent?
(a) 30%
(b) 25%
(c) 20%
Answer: (c) 20%
In simple words: Africa makes up about 20% of all the land on Earth.

Question 4. Africa is the largest continent of the world.
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer: (b) Second
In simple words: Africa is the second largest continent in the world, after Asia.

Question 5. What is the landform of Africa mostly made up of?
(a) Plains
(b) Deserts
(c) Mountains
(d) Highlands
Answer: (d) Highlands
In simple words: Most of Africa's land is made up of high lands and plateaus, rather than flat plains or mountains.

Question 6. Which is the highest mountain in Africa?
(a) Kilimanjaro
(b) Atlas
(c) Drakensberg
(d) Kenya
Answer: (a) Kilimanjaro
In simple words: Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest peak in Africa.

Question 7. Near which latitude is Kilimanjaro located?
(a) Near the Tropic of Cancer
(b) Near the Equator
(c) Near the Tropic of Capricorn
(d) Near the Antarctic Circle
Answer: (b) Near the Equator
In simple words: Mount Kilimanjaro is located close to the Equator, even though its peak is covered in snow.

Question 8. Which continent was known as the 'Dark Continent' till the end of 18th century?
(a) Africa
(b) Antarctica
(c) Australia
(d) South America
Answer: (a) Africa
In simple words: Africa was called the 'Dark Continent' because much of it was unexplored by Europeans until the late 18th century.

Question 9. Which is the longest river of the world?
(a) Congo
(b) Niger
(c) Nile
(d) Zambezi
Answer: (c) Nile
In simple words: The Nile River is the longest river in the entire world.

Question 10. Which is the largest lake of Africa?
(a) Chad
(b) Victoria
(c) Tanganyika
(d) Malawi (Nyasa)
Answer: (b) Victoria
In simple words: Lake Victoria is the largest lake found in Africa.

Question 11. Which sweet water lake is the longest lake of the world?
(a) Superior
(b) Michigan
(c) Baikal
(d) Tanganyika
Answer: (d) Tanganyika
In simple words: Lake Tanganyika is the longest freshwater lake across the globe.

Question 12. When does it rain in areas that enjoy the Mediterranean type of climate?
(a) Round the year
(b) In summer
(c) In winter
(d) In spring
Answer: (c) In winter
In simple words: Areas with a Mediterranean climate usually receive their rainfall during the winter months.

Question 13. On which African river are the world famous Victoria Falls located?
(a) Nile
(b) Zambezi
(c) Niger
(d) Congo
Answer: (b) Zambezi
In simple words: The famous Victoria Falls are found on the Zambezi River. This river is known for its beautiful waterfalls.

Exam Tip: Remember key geographical features and their associated locations or rivers, as these are common knowledge questions.

Question 14. Which African island is called the 'Island of Cloves'?
(a) Zanzibar
(b) Madagascar
(c) Mauritius
(d) Canary
Answer: (a) Zanzibar
In simple words: Zanzibar island is famously called the 'Island of Cloves'. It gets this name because a lot of cloves are grown there.

Exam Tip: Associate unique products or characteristics with specific regions or islands to help recall answers for such questions.

Question 15. Which is the main crop of Egypt?
(a) Jute
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Cotton
Answer: (c) Cotton
In simple words: Cotton is Egypt's most important crop. It is widely grown there.

Exam Tip: Knowing the primary agricultural products of different countries or regions is often tested in geography exams.

Question 16. Which is the capital of South Africa?
(a) Cape Town
(b) Pretoria
(c) Johannesburg
(d) Durban
Answer: (b) Pretoria
In simple words: Pretoria is the administrative capital city of South Africa. It is an important center for government.

Exam Tip: It is crucial to learn the capitals of major countries. Note that South Africa has three capital cities (Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein).

Question 17. Which is the largest continent of the world from population and area point of view?
(a) Asia
(b) Africa
(c) North America
(d) Europe
Answer: (a) Asia
In simple words: Asia is the biggest continent on Earth. It has both the largest land area and the highest number of people living there.

Exam Tip: Understand the difference between area and population when comparing continents, as some may be larger in one aspect but not another.

Question 18. How many percent of the population of the world lives approximately in Asia?
(a) 30%
(b) 40%
(c) 45%
(d) 50%
Answer: (d) 50%
In simple words: About half of all the people in the world live in Asia. This shows how densely populated the continent is.

Exam Tip: Knowing approximate population distributions by continent helps in understanding global demographics.

Question 19. How many percent of land portion of Asia is approximately that of the world?
(a) 20%
(b) 25%
(c) 30%
Answer: (c) 30%
In simple words: Asia makes up about 30% of the Earth's total land area. It is a very large continent.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between land area percentage and population percentage as both are significant for continental facts.

Question 20. Which mountain of Asia is the highest mountain of the world?
(a) Himalayas
(b) Kunlun Shan
(c) Altai
(d) Hindukush
Answer: (a) Himalayas
In simple words: The Himalayas are the tallest mountain range in the world, located in Asia. Mount Everest, its highest peak, is the world's highest point.

Exam Tip: Always remember the name of the highest mountain range and its highest peak when studying world geography.

Question 21. Which highland of Asia is the highest and the largest highland of the world?
(a) Mongolia
(b) Siberia
(c) Iran
(d) Tibet
Answer: (d) Tibet
In simple words: The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and largest highland globally. It is often called the "Roof of the World".

Exam Tip: Recognize specific terms like "Roof of the World" as clues for identifying key geographical features.

Question 22. Which city experiences the highest cold in the world?
(a) Moscow
(b) Chicago
(c) Verkhoyansk
(d) Stockholm
Answer: (c) Verkhoyansk
In simple words: Verkhoyansk city in Siberia is known for experiencing the coldest temperatures on Earth. It is an extremely cold place.

Exam Tip: Be aware of record-holding locations for extreme weather conditions, as these are frequently asked facts.

Question 23. Which is the longest river of Asia?
(a) Yangtze
(b) Hwang Ho
(c) Lena
(d) Sindhu
Answer: (a) Yangtze
In simple words: The Yangtze River is Asia's longest river. It flows through China.

Exam Tip: Focus on distinguishing between the longest rivers of different continents to avoid confusion.

Question 24. Which of the following is the largest lake of the world?
(a) Caspian Sea
(b) Aral Sea
(c) Victoria lake
(d) Baikal lake
Answer: (a) Caspian Sea
In simple words: The Caspian Sea is the world's largest lake. It is so big that it is sometimes called a sea.

Exam Tip: Learn the difference between freshwater and saltwater lakes, and their respective size records.

Question 25. Which is the deepest lake of the world in Asia?
(a) Aral
(b) Balkash
(c) Baikal
(d) Tonlesap
Answer: (c) Baikal
In simple words: Lake Baikal in Asia is the deepest lake in the entire world. It holds a huge amount of freshwater.

Exam Tip: Remember both the largest and deepest lakes as common geographical facts.

Question 26. Which of the following lakes has the highest salinity?
(a) Caspian Sea
(b) Dead Sea
(c) Sambhar
(d) Aral Sea
Answer: (b) Dead Sea
In simple words: The Dead Sea has the highest amount of salt among these lakes. Its water is so salty that people can easily float in it.

Exam Tip: Understand what salinity means and recall examples of bodies of water with exceptionally high salt content.

Question 27. In which country is Khyber Pass situated?
(a) Pakistan
(b) India
(d) Afghanistan
Answer: (a) Pakistan
In simple words: The Khyber Pass is a significant mountain pass located in Pakistan. It is historically important for trade and invasions.

Exam Tip: Geographical passes often hold historical and strategic importance, making them relevant for exam questions.

Question 28. In which country are the internal waterways found in large numbers?
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Nepal
(c) Bhutan
(d) Bangladesh
Answer: (d) Bangladesh
In simple words: Bangladesh has many internal waterways. Its rivers and canals are widely used for transport and travel.

Exam Tip: Countries with extensive river systems or delta regions often rely heavily on internal waterways for transportation and commerce.

Question 29. From which of the following neighbouring countries does India import mineral oil?
(a) Pakistan
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Myanmar
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer: (c) Myanmar
In simple words: India gets mineral oil from its neighboring country, Myanmar. This helps meet India's energy needs.

Exam Tip: Economic relationships and resource trade between neighboring countries are important aspects of regional geography.

Question 30. Of which country is yak the special animal?
(a) Pakistan
(b) Bhutan
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer: (b) Bhutan
In simple words: The yak is considered a special animal in Bhutan. It is highly valued for its role in the mountain ecosystem and local culture.

Exam Tip: Specific animals or plants often symbolize a country or are unique to a region, making them good questions for identifying places.

Question 1. The Mediterranean Strait separates Africa and Europe.
Answer: The Strait of Gibraltar separates Africa and Europe.
In simple words: The Strait of Gibraltar is the narrow waterway that divides the continents of Africa and Europe.

Exam Tip: Remember major straits and their geographical significance in separating landmasses or connecting seas.

Question 2. The Red Sea located to the North-east of Africa separates Africa and Asia.
Answer: The Red Sea located to the North-east of Africa separates Africa and Asia.
In simple words: The Red Sea is positioned to the northeast of Africa and works as a natural boundary between Africa and Asia.

Exam Tip: Understand the geographical positions of major seas and oceans relative to continents.

Question 3. The Indian Ocean is to the east of Africa.
Answer: The Indian Ocean is to the east of Africa.
In simple words: The Indian Ocean is located on the eastern side of the African continent.

Exam Tip: Map knowledge of oceans surrounding continents is fundamental for geographical questions.

Question 4. The Atlantic Ocean is to the west of Africa.
Answer: The Atlantic Ocean is to the west of Africa.
In simple words: The Atlantic Ocean borders Africa on its western side.

Exam Tip: Visualizing a world map helps in remembering which oceans lie next to which continents.

Question 5. Africa possesses approximately thirty thousand kilometres long coastline.
Answer: Africa possesses approximately thirty thousand kilometres long coastline.
In simple words: The coastline of Africa is about thirty thousand kilometers long. This extensive coastline shapes its geography.

Exam Tip: Numerical facts like continent size or coastline length are often asked in fill-in-the-blanks format.

Question 6. The highest mountain Toubkal is situated to the northwest of Africa and it has a height of 4165 metres.
Answer: The highest mountain Toubkal is situated to the northwest of Africa and it has a height of 4165 metres.
In simple words: Mount Toubkal, which is the tallest mountain in Africa's northwest, stands at an elevation of 4165 meters.

Exam Tip: Remember both the name and height of significant mountain peaks for complete answers.

Question 7. The highland of Ethiopia with altitude between 1500 and 4550 metres is the highest highland in Africa.
Answer: The highland of Ethiopia with altitude between 1500 and 4550 metres is the highest highland in Africa.
In simple words: The Ethiopian highland, with its elevations ranging from 1500 to 4550 meters, is the highest elevated land in Africa.

Exam Tip: Knowing the highest points or regions on each continent is important for comparative geography.

Question 8. The River Nile is 6436 kilometres long.
Answer: The River Nile is 6436 kilometres long.
In simple words: The Nile River spans a distance of 6436 kilometers, making it a very long river.

Exam Tip: Exact figures for lengths of major rivers can be tricky, so focus on memorizing the most prominent ones.

Question 9. Egypt country is known for its ancient pyramid and sphinx.
Answer: Egypt country is known for its ancient pyramid and sphinx.
In simple words: Egypt is widely recognized for its very old pyramids and the Sphinx. These ancient structures are famous worldwide.

Exam Tip: Link famous historical landmarks to their respective countries for quick recall.

Question 10. Europe and Asia have come closer due to the Suez Canal of Egypt.
Answer: Europe and Asia have come closer due to the Suez Canal of Egypt.
In simple words: The Suez Canal in Egypt has made the distance between Europe and Asia much shorter for ships.

Exam Tip: Understand the impact of man-made waterways like canals on global trade and geographical connectivity.

Question 11. Cairo (Kahira) is the capital and an industrial city of Egypt.
Answer: Cairo (Kahira) is the capital and an industrial city of Egypt.
In simple words: Cairo, also known as Kahira, is the main city and a big manufacturing hub in Egypt.

Exam Tip: Know the capitals and major industrial centers of important countries for general knowledge questions.

Question 12. Rich mines of gold and diamond are found in the Vaal river region of South Africa.
Answer: Rich mines of gold and diamond are found in the Vaal river region of South Africa.
In simple words: Many valuable gold and diamond mines are located near the Vaal River in South Africa.

Exam Tip: Associate specific regions with their renowned mineral resources, like South Africa with gold and diamonds.

Question 13. The most developed country of the African continent is South Africa
Answer: The most developed country of the African continent is South Africa
In simple words: Among the countries in Africa, South Africa is considered the most developed.

Exam Tip: Keep up-to-date with general knowledge regarding economic development and prominent nations in different continents.

Question 14. Tibet highland is known as the 'Roof of the World'.
Answer: Tibet highland is known as the 'Roof of the World'.
In simple words: The high land of Tibet is famous for being called the 'Roof of the World' because of its very high elevation.

Exam Tip: Identifying specific regions by their popular nicknames or unique geographical descriptors is a common test item.

Question 15. Maximum rainfall occurs in Mawsynram and Cherrapunji of India in Asia.
Answer: Maximum rainfall occurs in Mawsynram and Cherrapunji of India in Asia.
In simple words: Mawsynram and Cherrapunji in India get the most rain in Asia. They are known for extremely heavy rainfall.

Exam Tip: Remember locations holding world records for weather phenomena, such as highest rainfall.

Question 16. Maximum heat falls in Jacobabad city of Pakistan of Asia in summer.
Answer: Maximum heat falls in Jacobabad city of Pakistan of Asia in summer.
In simple words: Jacobabad city in Pakistan experiences the highest temperatures in Asia during the summer season.

Exam Tip: Be aware of locations known for extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, as they are often tested.

Question 17. Bhutan country was called as the 'The Land of Thunder Dragon' by the British.
Answer: Bhutan country was called as the 'The Land of Thunder Dragon' by the British.
In simple words: The British used to call Bhutan 'The Land of Thunder Dragon'. This name comes from the strong storms common there.

Exam Tip: Knowing historical names or epithets for countries can be useful for trivia and geography questions.

Question 18. The most important crop of Pakistan is Cotton
Answer: The most important crop of Pakistan is Cotton
In simple words: Cotton is the main agricultural crop grown in Pakistan. It is vital for their economy.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the primary agricultural products of different countries, especially neighboring ones.

Question 19. Agricultural revolution has taken place in Pakistan due to water of river Sindhu
Answer: Agricultural revolution has taken place in Pakistan due to water of river Sindhu
In simple words: Pakistan's farming industry has greatly improved thanks to the water from the Sindhu River.

Exam Tip: Understand how major rivers support agriculture and economic development in the regions they flow through.

Question 20. 40 % of area of Nepal is covered with forest.
Answer: 40 % of area of Nepal is covered with forest.
In simple words: Forests cover about 40% of Nepal's total land area. This makes forests a significant part of its environment.

Exam Tip: Percentage data related to geographical features like forest cover can appear in quantitative questions.

Question 21. Only 16 % of land of Nepal is worth farming.
Answer: Only 16 % of land of Nepal is worth farming.
In simple words: Only 16 percent of Nepal's land is suitable for agriculture. This indicates limited farming opportunities.

Exam Tip: Consider geographical factors like mountainous terrain that limit arable land in certain countries.

Question 22. People of Bhutan mainly practice Buddhism
Answer: People of Bhutan mainly practice Buddhism
In simple words: Most people in Bhutan follow the religion of Buddhism. It is a central part of their culture.

Exam Tip: Cultural aspects like predominant religions are important for understanding the social geography of a country.

Question 23. Strait of Palk and Gulf of Mannar are separate India and Sri Lanka.
Answer: Strait of Palk and Gulf of Mannar are separate India and Sri Lanka.
In simple words: The Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar are two bodies of water that separate India from Sri Lanka.

Exam Tip: Be precise with the names of geographical features that form boundaries between countries.

Question 24. The name of the largest river of Sri Lanka is Mahaweli Ganga
Answer: The name of the largest river of Sri Lanka is Mahaweli Ganga
In simple words: The Mahaweli Ganga is the longest river in Sri Lanka. It plays a key role in the country's water supply.

Exam Tip: Identify and memorize the largest or most important geographical features of island nations.

Question 25. The capital city of Myanmar is Naypyidaw
Answer: The capital city of Myanmar is Naypyidaw
In simple words: Naypyidaw serves as the capital city of Myanmar. It is where the government functions.

Exam Tip: Regular review of world capitals, especially for countries in Asia, can ensure accuracy.

Question 1. 1/3rd part of the African continent lies in northern hemisphere.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is correct that about one-third of the African continent is located in the northern half of the Earth.

Exam Tip: Understand the concept of hemispheres and the approximate continental distribution across them.

Question 2. The Equator divides the African continent into almost two equal parts.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is not true; the Equator does not split Africa into two nearly identical parts.

Exam Tip: Visualize the position of the Equator on a map to accurately determine its passage through continents.

Question 3. Most of Africa lies in the Torrid zone.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that a large portion of Africa is situated within the Torrid Zone. This means it experiences hot climates.

Exam Tip: Relate the geographical location of continents to climate zones (Torrid, Temperate, Frigid) for such questions.

Question 4. There are 53 countries in the African continent.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, it is correct that Africa has 53 countries within its continent.

Exam Tip: While the exact number can fluctuate with political changes, knowing the approximate count of countries per continent is good for general knowledge.

Question 5. The Congo River is the longest river of Africa.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is incorrect; the Congo River is not the longest river in Africa. The Nile River holds that title.

Exam Tip: Always be clear about which river holds the record for "longest" on a given continent.

Question 6. The magnificent culture of Egypt has developed on the banks of the river Nile.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, the impressive Egyptian culture grew and flourished along the banks of the Nile River. The river was essential for its development.

Exam Tip: Recognize the historical significance of major rivers as cradles of ancient civilizations.

Question 7. Strait of Bering separates Asia and North America.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that the Bering Strait is the body of water that separates Asia from North America.

Exam Tip: Learn the key straits that act as boundaries between continents.

Question 8. There is very dense population in Bangladesh.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Bangladesh is a country with a very high number of people living per square kilometer.

Exam Tip: Understand factors that contribute to high population density in certain regions, such as fertile plains or delta areas.

Question 9. Baikal is a sweet water lake.
Answer: True
In simple words: Lake Baikal is indeed a freshwater lake. It contains a significant portion of the world's fresh surface water.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between freshwater and saltwater lakes when learning about bodies of water.

Question 1. Match the pairs correctly:
Section 'A'
(1) Victoria
(2) Atlas
(3) Ethiopia
(4) Niger
Section 'B'
(1) Highland
(2) River
(3) Falls
(4) City
(5) Mountain
Answer:
(1) Victoria - (3) Falls
(2) Atlas - (5) Mountain
(3) Ethiopia - (1) Highland
(4) Niger - (2) River
In simple words: This match connects geographical features or locations with their correct descriptions. Victoria refers to Victoria Falls, Atlas is a mountain range, Ethiopia is known for its highlands, and Niger is a river.

Exam Tip: When matching pairs, carefully consider all options before making a final decision, as some terms may have multiple associations.

Question 2. Match the pairs correctly:
Section 'A' (Community of people)
(1) Banks of river Congo
(2) Kalahari desert
(3) Kenya
(4) Egypt
Section 'B'
(1) Bushmen
(2) Bedouins
(3) Hausa
(4) Pygmy
(5) Bantu
Answer:
(1) Banks of river Congo - (4) Pygmy
(2) Kalahari desert - (1) Bushmen
(3) Kenya - (5) Bantu
(4) Egypt - (2) Bedouins
In simple words: This matching exercise connects specific African regions or countries with their associated indigenous communities or ethnic groups. Pygmy people live near the Congo River, Bushmen are found in the Kalahari, Bantu-speaking groups are common in Kenya, and Bedouins live in Egypt.

Exam Tip: Learning about the indigenous populations and their geographical distribution helps understand the human geography of continents.

Question 3. Match the pairs correctly:
Section 'A' (Country)
(1) Pakistan
(2) Sri Lanka
(3) Bhutan
(4) Bangladesh
Section 'B' (Capital)
(1) Thimphu
(2) Islamabad
(3) Dhaka
(4) Colombo
(5) Yangon
Answer:
(1) Pakistan - (2) Islamabad
(2) Sri Lanka - (4) Colombo
(3) Bhutan - (1) Thimphu
(4) Bangladesh - (3) Dhaka
In simple words: This match links each country with its correct capital city. Islamabad is Pakistan's capital, Colombo for Sri Lanka, Thimphu for Bhutan, and Dhaka for Bangladesh.

Exam Tip: Memorizing the capitals of all countries, especially those in Asia, is a crucial part of general knowledge and geography exams.

Question 1. I am the country in central Himalayas.
Answer: Nepal
In simple words: The country located in the middle of the Himalayan mountains is Nepal.

Exam Tip: Connect countries with their prominent geographical features, like Nepal with the central Himalayas, to aid recall.

Question 2. I am known as 'Ratnadweep'.
Answer: Sri Lanka
In simple words: The island nation known as 'Ratnadweep' is Sri Lanka. This name means 'Island of Gems'.

Exam Tip: Historical or poetic names often reveal characteristics of a place and can be useful in identification questions.

Question 3. I am the main river of Pakistan.
Answer: Sindhu
In simple words: The primary river of Pakistan is the Sindhu, also known as the Indus. It is vital for the country's agriculture.

Exam Tip: Key rivers are often linked to specific countries, especially if they are a major water source or cultural icon.

Question 4. I am the large and cold desert of Asia.
Answer: Gobi
In simple words: The large, cold desert located in Asia is called the Gobi Desert.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between hot and cold deserts and their locations globally.

Question 1. Which mountain ranges are situated to the north west of Africa?
Answer: The Atlas mountain ranges are situated to the north-west of Africa.
In simple words: The Atlas Mountains are located in the northwestern part of Africa.

Exam Tip: Knowing the primary mountain ranges and their general location on each continent is important.

Question 2. Why do the peaks of Kilimanjaro always remain covered with snow though it is situated near the equator?
Answer: The height of Kilimanjaro is 5895 metres. Owing to its great altitude its peaks always remain covered with snow even though it is situated near the equator.
In simple words: Mount Kilimanjaro is 5895 meters tall. Because it is so high, its peaks stay covered in snow all the time, even though it's close to the equator where it's usually warm.

Exam Tip: Remember the principle that temperature decreases with increasing altitude, explaining snow on high mountains even in tropical zones.

Question 3. Through which countries does the river Nile flow and which sea does it meet?
Answer: The River Nile flows through Uganda, Sudan and Egypt countries. Blue Nile, which is its main tributary flows from Ethiopia and meets it near Khartoum in Sudan. The joint flow of both the rivers flows through Sudan and Egypt to meet the Mediterranean Sea.
In simple words: The Nile River travels through Uganda, Sudan, and Egypt. Its major branch, the Blue Nile, starts in Ethiopia and joins the main river in Sudan. Together, these rivers flow across Sudan and Egypt before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea.

Exam Tip: For major rivers, know the countries they traverse and their ultimate destination (sea or ocean).

Question 4. What type of climate is found in the equatorial forest region?
Answer: The climate of the equatorial forest region is extremely hot and humid. It rains here round the year.
In simple words: The equatorial forest areas have a very hot and wet climate. Rain falls there throughout the entire year.

Exam Tip: Understand the characteristics of equatorial climates, including high temperatures and consistent rainfall.

Question 5. Which kind of vegetation is seen in the Sahara desert region?
Answer: Scattered thorny vegetation like cactus, jujube tree, date palm, etc. is seen in the Sahara desert region.
In simple words: In the Sahara Desert, you find plants that are spread out and have thorns, such as cacti, jujube trees, and date palms.

Exam Tip: Learn about typical desert adaptations of plants, such as thorns and ability to store water, which helps identify vegetation types.

Question 6. By what name are the grasslands of Africa known?
Answer: The grasslands of Africa are known as 'Savannah'.
In simple words: The wide-open grassy areas in Africa are called 'Savannah'.

Exam Tip: Associate specific terms like 'Savannah' with the grasslands of Africa, as this is a key geographical term.

Question 7. Which crops are grown in Africa along with other regular crops like cereals and pulses?
Answer: Various crops like tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, tobacco, sugarcane, clove, a variety of tuberous roots and vegetables, fruits, oilseeds, etc. are grown in Africa along with regular crops like cereals and pulses.
In simple words: Besides everyday crops like grains and legumes, Africa also produces many other crops. These include tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, tobacco, sugarcane, cloves, different root vegetables, fruits, and oilseeds.

Exam Tip: Broad knowledge of agricultural products across different continents is valuable, especially for major cash crops.

Question 8. Name the following with reference to Africa: (Names are given as answers.)
(1) Main lakes formed in the large Rift Valley: Tanganyika, Malawi (Nyasa), Turkana (Rudolph).
(2) Four main rivers : Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi.
(3) Main lakes: Victoria, Tanganyika, Malawi (Nyasa), Chad, Turkana (Rudolph).
Answer:
(1) Main lakes formed in the large Rift Valley: Tanganyika, Malawi (Nyasa), Turkana (Rudolph).
(2) Four main rivers : Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi.
(3) Main lakes: Victoria, Tanganyika, Malawi (Nyasa), Chad, Turkana (Rudolph).
In simple words: This lists important geographical features of Africa. The large Rift Valley has lakes like Tanganyika, Malawi, and Turkana. The four major rivers are Nile, Congo, Niger, and Zambezi. Other key lakes include Victoria, Chad, and Turkana.

Exam Tip: Categorize and memorize major lakes and rivers by their continent and distinguishing features (e.g., Rift Valley lakes, longest rivers).

Question 1. Give brief information about the location and area of the African continent.
Answer:
1. Africa is the second largest continent of the world.
2. The length and breadth of the African continent is almost the same.
3. Most of the continent i.e. 2/3rd lies north to the Equator.
4. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the north and the Tropic of Capricorn passes through the south, so most of Africa is in the Torrid Zone.
5. Most of Africa lies in the Eastern hemisphere.
6. It covers 20 % of the total land mass of Earth and has a 30,000-km long running coastline.
In simple words: Africa ranks as the second-largest continent globally. Its width and length are nearly equal. A significant part, around two-thirds, is north of the Equator. Both the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn cross it, placing most of Africa in the hot Torrid Zone. The continent mostly lies in the Eastern Hemisphere. It accounts for 20% of Earth's land and boasts a 30,000-kilometer coastline.

Exam Tip: When describing a continent, always include its size ranking, major latitudinal/longitudinal extents, and notable geographical divisions like climate zones.

Question 2. Give some information about on the landform of Africa.
Answer:

• Plateaus and Highlands: The main landform of Africa consists of plateaus and highlands. The Ethiopian highlands have an elevation between 1500 and 4500 metres. There are highlands and plateaus that have an average elevation of 915 metres in South Africa.
• Mountain Ranges: The Atlas Mountain Ranges are located in the north-west of Africa. Mount Toubkal (4165 metres) is the tallest peak. Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest volcanic mountain in the mountain range of East Africa. Its elevation is 5895 metres.
• Desert: The huge Sahara Desert, the largest and hottest desert globally, lies in northern Africa. It covers an area of 9,400,000 sq km and features many rocky highlands.
• Rift Valley: The Great Rift Valley of East Africa, which is the world's longest, formed due to tectonic plate movements. It stretches north to south for about 6000 km. Lakes like Tanganyika and Malawi (Nyasa) have formed here where water collects.

Exam Tip: Break down information about landforms into distinct categories like mountains, deserts, plateaus, and unique geological features to provide a comprehensive answer.

Question 3. Write short note on the main rivers and lakes of Africa.
Answer:
Rivers: The main rivers of Africa are the Nile, Congo, Niger, and Zambezi. Most of Africa's rivers start in the central high regions and flow into the sea. They are not very useful as waterways due to many waterfalls, which are caused by the rugged land. However, these waterfalls help to produce electricity. The Nile is the longest river globally, with a length of 6436 km. It begins in the high lands of Ethiopia and flows through Sudan and Egypt, meeting the Mediterranean Sea. The Victoria Falls, found on the Zambezi River, are famous worldwide.
Lakes: Victoria, Malawi (Nyasa), Tanganyika, Chad, and Turkana (Rudolph) are some of the main lakes. Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, is the biggest tropical lake and the second largest freshwater lake worldwide. Lake Tanganyika is the longest freshwater lake globally.
In simple words: Africa's main rivers are the Nile, Congo, Niger, and Zambezi. Most rivers start in high areas and flow to the sea, but waterfalls limit their use for boats. These falls are good for making power. The Nile is the world's longest river, flowing 6436 km and ending in the Mediterranean Sea. Famous Victoria Falls are on the Zambezi. Key lakes include Victoria (Africa's biggest and the world's second-largest freshwater lake) and Tanganyika (the world's longest freshwater lake).

Exam Tip: For short notes on rivers and lakes, include their names, origins, destinations, key features (like waterfalls or size records), and their economic significance (e.g., hydroelectricity, transportation).

Question 4. Give brief information about climate and vegetation of Africa.
Answer:

• The climate of Africa is diverse. Changing temperatures and rainfall lead to a wide range of plants. The very hot and wet climate suits the Equatorial rainforests, where trees like mahogany, ebony, logwood, rosewood, ironwood, rubber, cinchona, and bamboo grow well.
• Rainfall decreases as one moves north. As a result, vegetation also changes from Savannah grasslands to thorny plants, like cactus, jujube trees, and date palms, in the Sahara Desert.
• The Mediterranean region of Africa also receives rain in winters. Sweet fruits like grapes, peaches, and citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons are grown here.

Exam Tip: When describing climate and vegetation, always link the type of climate (temperature, rainfall) to the specific types of plants found in that region.

Question 5. State in brief the location and area of the Asian continent.
Answer:

• Location is between 10° 16' S. latitude to 77° 43′ N. latitude and 26° 04' E. longitude to 169° 40′ W. longitude.
• Boundaries: The Indian Ocean lies to the south of Asia, the Pacific Ocean to its east, the Arctic Ocean to its north, Europe to its north-west, Africa to its south-west, and Australia to its south-east.
• The Strait of Bering separates Asia and North America. At the border between Asia and Europe lie the Ural Mountains, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountain, and the Black Sea.
• Area: Asia spans 4,45,79,000 sq km. It is the world's largest continent.

Exam Tip: When describing a continent's location, always mention its latitude and longitude, major surrounding water bodies, and neighboring continents or geographical features.

Question 6. Give brief information of landform of Asia.
Answer: On the Asian continent, we find mountains, highlands, plains, and deserts.

(1) Mountains: Altai, Pamir Knot, Tien Shan, Kunlun Shan, Nan Shan, Karakoram, Himalaya, Hindukush, Elburz, Zagros, etc. are Asia's main mountains. The Himalaya is the highest mountain range of all. Its peak Mount Everest is the world's highest peak (8848 metres).

(2) Highlands: Central Siberia, Mongolia, Tarim, Turan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Tibet, Yunan, Anatolia (Turkey), and Southern India's highlands are the main highlands of Asia. Among these, the Tibet highland is the largest and highest. So, it is often called the 'Roof of the World'.

(3) Plains: Plains of West Siberia, Manchuria, Hwang Ho and Yangtse of East China, Mekong, Irrawaddy, Brahmaputra, Ganga, Sindhu and Euphrates-Tigris are Asia's main plains. The plains of East China and Sindhu-Ganga have a dense population.

Exam Tip: Remember to categorize landforms (mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts) and provide key examples for each type when describing a continent's physical geography.

Question 7. Write a short note on climate of Asia.
Answer: As Asia is a very large continent, it shows a wide variety of climate in different regions:

• The Equatorial regions of south-east Asia have a hot and humid climate. It rains here throughout the year.
• To its north, in the seasonal climate region, the overall climate is hot and dry. Here, summer's seasonal winds primarily bring rain. Mawsynram and Cherrapunji in India, found in this region, get the highest rainfall globally.
• To the west of this region and in Central Asia, there is mainly a desert climate. Rainfall is very scarce here. Jacobabad city in Pakistan, Asia, experiences the maximum heat.
• The climate of Siberia, located in Asia's extreme north, is extremely cold. Verkhoyansk city in this region is the world's coldest city.
• Rainfall occurs in summer in East and South Asia, while winter rainfall is seen in the regions along the Mediterranean Sea coast in West Asia.

Exam Tip: When discussing climate, always consider temperature, humidity, rainfall patterns (seasonal or year-round), and any extreme conditions like heat or cold.

Question 8. Write in brief about the Rivers of Asia.
Answer:

• The main rivers of North Asia, like Ob, Yenisey, and Lena of Siberia, meet the Arctic Ocean. These rivers stay frozen for most of the year, so they cannot be used as water routes.
• Big rivers such as Amur, Hwang Ho, Yangtze Si Kiang, and Mekong flow into the Pacific Ocean. The Yangtze river is Asia's longest river.
• Large rivers like Irrawaddy, Salvin, Ganga, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada, Sindhu, and Euphrates-Tigris meet the Indian Ocean.
• The inland rivers Amudariya and Sirdariya flow into the Aral Sea.

Exam Tip: For geographical features like rivers, remember to name the key rivers, their origin (if notable), and the major bodies of water they flow into, as this demonstrates a complete understanding.

Question 9. Give brief information about the lakes of Asia.
Answer:

• The Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, Dead Sea, and Sambhar, Chilka, Pulicat, and Vembanad lakes in India are Asia's main salt water lakes.
• Baikal and Angara of Russia, Balkash of Kazakhstan, Tong Ting Hu (Tung Ting Hu) of China, Tonlesap of Cambodia, and Wular, Dal, and Dhebar lakes in India are fresh water lakes.
• The Caspian Sea is the world's biggest lake.
• Lake Baikal is the world's deepest lake.
• The Dead Sea, located between Israel and Jordan, is the world's saltiest lake. Its water's salinity is eight times the average salinity of sea-water. Therefore, its water is very heavy. Its density is greater than a human body's density. Materials with less density than water do not sink but float upon it. As a result, one cannot drown in the Dead Sea.

Exam Tip: When describing lakes, mention their type (saltwater/freshwater), notable characteristics (deepest, largest, saltiest), and any unique features, such as the Dead Sea's buoyancy.

Question 10. State in brief. Which types of vegetation are found in Asia ?
Answer:

1. In Asia's Equatorial forests, trees like mahogany, ebony, logwood, rosewood, ironwood, rubber, cinchona, and bamboo are typically found.
2. In humid deciduous forest regions, seasonal rain trees such as teak, saal, sandalwood, mahudo, and mango trees are commonly found.
3. In dry scrub forests (semi-arid regions), thorny vegetation like grass, aloevera, acacia, cactus, jujube, and date palm are generally found.
4. The main vegetation in the steppes region consists of soft, low-height grass.
5. In coniferous forests to the north of the steppe region, trees like pine, fir, and spruce are present.
6. To the extreme north, vegetation of the Tundra region is observed.
7. The olive is the primary tree of the Mediterranean Sea climate.
8. The coconut tree is the principal tree of the coastal region, which receives high rainfall in the Torrid zone.

Exam Tip: When listing vegetation types, connect each type to a specific climate or geographical region, and provide examples of plants found there.

Question 11. Write short note on the animals found in different regions of Asia.
Answer:

• Reindeer and dogs are animals found and tamed in Siberia's very cold regions. Furthermore, polar bears, wolves, muskrats, sables, raccoons, beavers, and caribou are major wild animals.
• Horses, camels with two humps, sheep, and goats are raised in Asia's central region. The camel is extremely useful in desert areas.
• Camels, horses, donkeys, and mules are the main domesticated animals of West Asia.
• In the forests of east, south, and south-east Asia, one can see tigers, panthers, wolves, elephants, rhinoceroses, and various monkeys. Lions live exclusively in the Gir forest. Wildasses are found in the Kachchh desert, and yaks are present in the Himalayan region. Cows, oxen, buffaloes, camels, horses, donkeys, sheep, goats, and yaks are domestic animals of this region.
• In the cold sea regions, different types of fish, seals, walruses, and whales are observed.

Exam Tip: When discussing animal life, group animals by their habitat or region, and note any unique characteristics or uses (e.g., domesticated, useful in deserts).

Question 12. State in brief the specialities of food of people of different regions of Asia.
Answer:

• People in North Asia's very cold regions mainly rely on non-vegetarian food, as farming is difficult there.
• People of West Asia primarily use wheat, meat, fish, and date palms as their food.
• In agricultural regions with heavy rainfall and a seasonal climate, people consume rice, wheat, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and milk. The main food of people in coastal areas of this region is rice and fish.
• Rice is the main food in East and South-East Asian countries, India, and Sri Lanka.

Exam Tip: To describe food specialities, link the diet to the geographical conditions or climate of the region, explaining why certain foods are prevalent.

Question 13. Give brief information about the various housing of the people of Asia.
Answer:

• Wood is primarily used for building homes in Asia's cold regions.
• Nomadic tribes in Central Asia who raise animals use tents for shelter.
• People with permanent homes live in huts, buildings made of clay, bricks, and stones, or in multi-storied buildings, depending on their financial situation.
• In hot regions with scarce rainfall, buildings have terraces or clay tiles on rooftops. In areas with heavy rainfall, buildings with slanting rooftops are common. In snowy regions, rooftops are designed with extreme slopes so that snow can quickly slide off without accumulating.
• In countries like Japan, which frequently experience earthquakes, houses are built from hardboard, plywood, bamboo, and cardboard.

Exam Tip: When describing housing styles, consider how climate, available materials, and cultural practices influence the construction and design of homes in different regions.

Question 14. Make a list of (only names): (Answers are given.)
Answer:
1. Three large rivers of Asia meeting the Arctic Ocean: Ob, Yenisey, Lena.
2. Five large rivers of Asia meeting the Pacific Ocean: Amur, Hwang Ho, Yangtze, Si Kiang, Mekong.
3. Large rivers of Asia meeting the Indian Ocean: Irrawaddy, Ganga, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada, Sindhu, Euphrates-Tigris.
4. Two large inland rivers meeting the Aral Sea: Sirdariya, Amudariya.
5. Salt water lakes of Asia: Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, Dead Sea, Chilka, Pulicat, Vembanad, Sambhar.
6. Three wonders of the world that are in Asia: Taj Mahal, Great wall of China, Burz Khalifa.

Exam Tip: When asked for lists of names, ensure you include the specified number of items and check for correct spelling. For rivers, also mention their destination (ocean/sea).

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1. Why do people of North Asia take only nonvegetarian food ?
Answer: North Asia's winter is very long and extremely cold. In the extreme northern part, the land remains covered with snow for eight to ten months of the year. Summer is also very short and generally cold. In these conditions, farming is impossible. Therefore, the people of North Asia must consume only non-vegetarian food.

Exam Tip: When explaining lifestyle choices, always link them to environmental factors, such as climate and resource availability, to show a complete understanding.

Question 2. State the main food of people of West Asia.
Answer: The people of West Asia primarily consume wheat, meat, fish, and date palms as their food.

Exam Tip: For basic food questions, list the key dietary staples mentioned in the context, ensuring accuracy and conciseness.

Question 3. Which items are mainly included in the food of people of coastal regions of East and South Asia?
Answer: Rice, fish, and coconut are the primary food items that people in the coastal regions of East and South Asia consume.

Exam Tip: Focus on the specific items listed in the source for direct questions about food preferences in a region.

Question 4. State special features of the residences of cold regions of Asia.
Answer: Wood is largely used for building homes in Asia's cold regions. Wood is readily available in sufficient amounts in the coniferous forests there. Glass windows are placed in the buildings' south direction, ensuring sufficient sunlight enters the residences.

Exam Tip: When describing housing features, connect them to local resources and climatic adaptations (e.g., wood from forests, south-facing windows for sunlight).

Question 5. Why do the Japanese stay in houses built of plywood, hardboard, bamboo and cardboard?
Answer: Buildings often collapse during severe earthquakes. People can get buried under debris from heavy materials like bricks and stones. Japan is a country prone to frequent earthquakes. If heavy building materials were used, there would certainly be many casualties. To avoid this, people in Japan build houses from plywood, hardboard, bamboo, and cardboard, which are very light.

Exam Tip: When explaining reasons for construction choices, emphasize the environmental risks (like earthquakes) and how local building practices provide safety or resilience against them.

Give brief introduction of the following countries:

Question 1. (1) Egypt (2) South Africa
Answer:
(1) Egypt: Egypt is one of the oldest countries, operating as an Arab Republic. This great civilization grew along the Nile River. The country is famous for its pyramids and Sphinx. The Tropic of Cancer runs through southern Egypt. Dates and cotton are grown abundantly here. Cairo (Kahira) serves as both the capital city and industrial hub. The Suez Canal has brought Europe and Asia closer together. The Bedouin tribe lives in Egypt. The Nile, the world's longest river, starts in Ethiopia's highlands and flows through Sudan and Egypt to meet the Mediterranean Sea. Mineral oil is found in Libya and Egypt.

(2) South Africa: Situated at Africa's southernmost tip, South Africa lies in the temperate zone and enjoys a mild climate. It was primarily an agricultural country, but the discovery of diamond and gold mines near the Vaal river in 1867 drastically altered its economy. Pretoria is the capital, but Parliament meets in Cape Town. Johannesburg and Durban are other major cities. South Africa has highlands and plateaus with an average altitude of 915 metres. Minerals like gold, copper, uranium, and manganese are found in mines in Johannesburg and the Transvaal regions of South Africa.

Exam Tip: When introducing countries, cover key aspects like location, climate, historical significance, major natural resources, capital, and important cities to provide a comprehensive overview.

Question 2. (1) Pakistan (2) Bangladesh (3) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(1) Pakistan: Pakistan declared itself an 'Islamic Nation' after gaining independence alongside India. Its capital is Islamabad. The Khyber Pass, located in the Hindukush Range, is in Pakistan. The Green Revolution was made possible due to the perennial River Sindhu. Its main crop is cotton.

(2) Bangladesh: Bangladesh is a densely populated country with a large delta formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers. Its main rivers include Padma (Ganga), Jamuna (Brahmaputra), and Meghna. Paddy and jute are grown in large quantities. There is excellent development of waterways. Its capital, Dhaka, is known for its jute industry.

(3) Sri Lanka: This island nation was formerly known as Ceylon or Sinhaldweep. It is also called 'Ratnadweep' or 'Pearl of the Indian Ocean'. The Palk Strait in the north and the Gulf of Mannar in the west separate it from mainland India. Its capital is Colombo. This small island country has over 104 rivers. Its biggest river is Mahaweli. The climate is hot and humid due to its proximity to the Equator. Main crops include paddy, tea, coconut, spices, and rubber. Its main languages are Sinhalese and Tamil.

Exam Tip: For country introductions, include historical context, geographical features like rivers, main crops, economic highlights, and cultural details like languages to present a well-rounded description.