GSEB Class 8 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 7 सुभाषितानि

1. Pronounce The Following Words Correctly:

2. Answer The Following Questions:

Question 1. कीदृशी विद्या कार्यकाले उपयुक्ता न भवति?
Answer: पुस्तकेषु स्थिता विद्या कार्यकाले उपयुक्ता न भवति। The knowledge present in books proves ineffective when it's really needed. પુસ્તકોમાં રહેલી વિદ્યા જરૂર ઊભી થાય ત્યારે ઉપયોગી થતી નથી.
In simple words: Knowledge stored only in books is not helpful when you truly require it.

Exam Tip: Always remember that practical knowledge is more valuable than theoretical knowledge in difficult situations.

Question 2. कस्य विभूतयः परोपकाराय सन्ति?
Answer: सत्पुरुषस्य विभूतयः परोपकाराय सन्ति। The prosperity of virtuous people helps others. સત્પુરુષની સંપત્તિ પરોપકાર (બીજાનું ભલું કરવા) માટે હોય છે.
In simple words: Good people's riches are meant to help others, not just themselves.

Exam Tip: When answering about moral principles, always connect the action to the character (e.g., 'good men' with 'benefit of others').

Question 3. वृक्षे के निकूजन्ति?
Answer: वृक्षे खगाः निकूजन्ति। Birds sing on the branches of trees. વૃક્ષ ઉપર પંખીઓ કલરવ કરે છે.
In simple words: Birds make happy sounds while sitting in trees.

Exam Tip: For direct questions, provide a concise and accurate answer, using the key terms from the question.

Question 4. मित्राणि तथा रिपवः केन जायन्ते?
Answer: मित्राणि तथा रिपवः मनुष्यस्य व्यवहारेण जायन्ते। Both friends and foes come into existence because of a person's conduct. મિત્રો તેમજ શત્રુઓ માણસના વ્યવહારથી બને છે.
In simple words: How a person acts determines who becomes their friend and who becomes their enemy.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the cause-and-effect relationship, highlighting that human behavior is the root of friendships and enmities.

Question 5. पञ्चानाम् नदीनाम् नामानि लिखतु।
Answer: पञ्चानां नदीनां नामानि – गङ्गा, यमुना, गोदावरी, नर्मदा, सरस्वती। The five river names are Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Narmada, and Saraswati. પાંચ નદીઓનાં નામ – ગંગા, યમુના, ગોદાવરી, નર્મદા અને સરસ્વતી.
In simple words: The names of the five rivers are Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Narmada, and Saraswati.

Exam Tip: Always ensure you list the correct number of items requested (e.g., 'five' rivers) and spell each name accurately.

Question 6. सज्जनानां किं विकृतं न भवति ?
Answer: सज्जनानां प्रकृतिः कदापि किमपि विकृतं न भवति। The nature of noble individuals never alters or shows flaws. મહાપુરુષોના સ્વભાવમાં કદી પણ કોઈ ફેરફાર થતો નથી.
In simple words: Good people's behavior and nature never change, even in difficult situations.

Exam Tip: When discussing character, use terms like 'nature' or 'disposition' to convey the depth of unchanging goodness.

3. Disjoin The Sandhi/Conjunct:

Question 1. धन्योऽसि
Answer: धन्यः + असि
In simple words: To disjoin Sandhi, break a joined word into its original parts, often by separating vowels or consonants where they combined.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the vowel changes and visarga (ः) rules when disjoining Sanskrit words.

Question 2. कस्यचिन्मित्रम्
Answer: कस्यचित् + मित्रम्
In simple words: To disjoin Sandhi, break a joined word into its original parts, often by separating vowels or consonants where they combined.

Exam Tip: Remember that 'न्' before a consonant often indicates a hidden 'त्' or 'म्' from the original word.

Question 3. स्वयमेव
Answer: स्वयम् + एव
In simple words: To disjoin Sandhi, break a joined word into its original parts, often by separating vowels or consonants where they combined.

Exam Tip: Be aware of Sandhi rules where 'म्' often changes or disappears before certain vowels.

Question 4. पुनरपि
Answer: पुनः + अपि
In simple words: To disjoin Sandhi, break a joined word into its original parts, often by separating vowels or consonants where they combined.

Exam Tip: The 'र्' in Sandhi often comes from a visarga (ः) before a vowel or soft consonant.

4. Join The Words:

Question 1. रिपवः + तथा
Answer: रिपवस्तथा
In simple words: To join words, combine separate parts to form a single, complete word, following Sanskrit grammatical rules.

Exam Tip: Practice common Sandhi patterns where 'visarga' (ः) changes to 'स्' or 'र्' before certain consonants.

Question 2. पुनः + चन्दनम्
Answer: पुनश्चन्दनम्
In simple words: To join words, combine separate parts to form a single, complete word, following Sanskrit grammatical rules.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to how a 'visarga' (ः) before 'च्' often changes to 'श्' in Sandhi.

Question 3. न + अम्भः
Answer: नाम्भः
In simple words: To join words, combine separate parts to form a single, complete word, following Sanskrit grammatical rules.

Exam Tip: Remember basic Sandhi rules like 'अ' + 'अ' combining into 'आ'.

Question 4. च + एव + इक्षुदण्डम्
Answer: चैवेक्षुदण्डम्
In simple words: To join words, combine separate parts to form a single, complete word, following Sanskrit grammatical rules.

Exam Tip: Be careful with multiple Sandhi operations in one phrase; combine step by step.

Question 5. न + अदन्ति
Answer: नादन्ति
In simple words: To join words, combine separate parts to form a single, complete word, following Sanskrit grammatical rules.

Exam Tip: Basic vowel Sandhi often involves merging two similar vowels into a single, longer one.

5. Write The Following Root Verbs As Shown In Example:

Question 1. पा (पिब्)
Answer: पा - पिब् - पिबन्ति (They drink.) (તેઓ પીઓ છે)
In simple words: For each given root verb, show its present tense, third person plural form, and its meaning in English and Gujarati.

Exam Tip: Remember that the root verb and its conjugations can sometimes appear different, like 'पा' becoming 'पिब्' in present tense.

Question 2. खाद्
Answer: खाद् - खादन्ति (They eat.) (તેઓ ખાય છે)
In simple words: For each given root verb, show its present tense, third person plural form, and its meaning in English and Gujarati.

Exam Tip: Many root verbs directly add 'अन्ति' for third person plural present tense, making it simpler to conjugate.

Question 3. गर्छ
Answer: गर्जु - गर्जन्ति (They roar.) (તેઓ ગર્જના કરે છે, ગાજે છે)
In simple words: For each given root verb, show its present tense, third person plural form, and its meaning in English and Gujarati.

Exam Tip: Note that 'गर्छ' is the common form, but the root is 'गर्जु' for roaring, which then conjugates to 'गर्जन्ति'.

Question 4. वद्
Answer: वद् - वदन्ति (They speak.) (તેઓ બોલે છે)
In simple words: For each given root verb, show its present tense, third person plural form, and its meaning in English and Gujarati.

Exam Tip: This is a straightforward conjugation; the root 'वद्' directly takes the 'अन्ति' suffix.

Question 5. लिख्
Answer: लिख - लिखन्ति (They write.) (તેઓ લખે છે)
In simple words: For each given root verb, show its present tense, third person plural form, and its meaning in English and Gujarati.

Exam Tip: Similar to 'वद्', 'लिख्' is a common root that conjugates predictably with 'अन्ति'.

Question 6. दृश् (पश्य्)
Answer: दृश् - पश्य् - पश्यन्ति (They see.) (તેઓ જુએ છે)
In simple words: For each given root verb, show its present tense, third person plural form, and its meaning in English and Gujarati.

Exam Tip: Roots like 'दृश्' change to a different stem, 'पश्य्', for present tense conjugations.

Question 7. पठ्
Answer: पठ् - पठन्ति (They read.) (તેઓ વાંચે છે)
In simple words: For each given root verb, show its present tense, third person plural form, and its meaning in English and Gujarati.

Exam Tip: 'पठ्' is another regular root that readily accepts the 'अन्ति' suffix.

Question 8. नम्
Answer: नम् - नमन्ति (They bow down.) (તેઓ નમે છે)
In simple words: For each given root verb, show its present tense, third person plural form, and its meaning in English and Gujarati.

Exam Tip: 'नम्' is a simple root that follows typical present tense conjugation rules.

6. Fill In The Blanks Using The Correct Words From The Brackets:

Question 1. वारिवाहा: स्वयं ......... न खादन्ति।
Answer: वारिवाहाः स्वयम् अन्नम् न खादन्ति।
In simple words: Fill in each empty space with the right word from the list provided, making the sentence complete and correct.

Exam Tip: Understand the context of the Subhashita to select the appropriate word that makes logical sense for clouds not eating something.

Question 2. नद्यः स्वयं ......... 'न पिबन्ति ।
Answer: नद्यः स्वयं जलम् न पिबन्ति।
In simple words: Fill in each empty space with the right word from the list provided, making the sentence complete and correct.

Exam Tip: The verb 'पिबन्ति' (drink) strongly suggests that 'जलम्' (water) is the missing word for rivers.

Question 3. वृक्षाः स्वयं ......... न खादन्ति।
Answer: वृक्षाः स्वयं फलानि न खादन्ति।
In simple words: Fill in each empty space with the right word from the list provided, making the sentence complete and correct.

Exam Tip: Connect the noun 'वृक्षाः' (trees) with 'फलानि' (fruits) as something trees produce but do not eat themselves.

Question 4. पादपाः स्वयं ......... न जिघ्रन्ति।
Answer: पादपाः स्वयं पुष्पम् न जिघ्रन्ति।
In simple words: Fill in each empty space with the right word from the list provided, making the sentence complete and correct.

Exam Tip: The verb 'जिघ्रन्ति' (smell) is a key clue, indicating that 'पुष्पम्' (flower) is the correct option for plants.

Question 5. मधुमक्षिकाः स्वयं ......... न पिबन्ति ।
Answer: मधुमक्षिकाः स्वयं मधु न पिबन्ति।
In simple words: Fill in each empty space with the right word from the list provided, making the sentence complete and correct.

Exam Tip: This blank requires the product that honeybees create but do not consume for themselves, which is 'मधु' (honey).

7. Complete The Following:

Question 1. पुस्तकेषु हि .................................. । न तद् धनम्।
Answer: पुस्तकेषु हि या विद्या परहस्तेषु यद् धनम्। कार्यकाले समुत्पन्ने न सा विद्या न तद् धनम्।।
In simple words: Complete the given Sanskrit verse with the missing lines, ensuring the full meaning is conveyed.

Exam Tip: Memorizing popular Subhashitas helps in completing such verses accurately and quickly.

Question 2. पिबन्ति नद्यः ................................. विभूतयः।
Answer: पिबन्ति नद्यः स्वयमेव नाम्भः। स्वयं न खादन्ति फलानि वृक्षाः। नादन्ति सस्यं खलु वारिवाहाः। परोपकाराय सतां विभूतयः।।
In simple words: Finish the Sanskrit poem by adding the correct lines, so it makes a complete and meaningful verse.

Exam Tip: Focus on the theme of altruism and selflessness, which is central to this Subhashita, to recall the remaining lines.

Sanskrit Digest Std 8 GSEB Subhashitani Additional Questions And Answers

1. Answer The Following Questions In Sanskrit And English:

Question 1. कीदृशं धनं कार्यकाले उपयुक्तं न भवति?
Answer: परहस्तेषु गतं यत् धनम् तत् कार्यकाले उपयुक्तं न भवति। Wealth held by other people becomes unhelpful when needed during an important time.
In simple words: Money that someone else holds won't help you when you truly need it yourself.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the type of wealth that is not useful, linking it directly to the phrase 'in others' hands'.

Question 2. कपिः वृक्षं किं करोति? or कः वृक्षं धूनयते?
Answer: कपिः वृक्षं धूनयते। Monkeys shake the branches of the trees.
In simple words: Monkeys make trees sway.

Exam Tip: Use the verb from the question ('धुनयते' - shakes) directly in your Sanskrit answer for accuracy.

Question 3. तापः केन वार्यते?
Answer: तापः वृक्षेण वार्यते। Trees help to reduce or stop the heat.
In simple words: Trees provide shade and block the sun's heat.

Exam Tip: The instrumental case ending '-एन' on 'वृक्षेण' indicates 'by means of' or 'by' trees.

Question 4. वृक्षाय किं दीयते?
Answer: वृक्षाय जलं दीयते। Water is provided to the trees.
In simple words: Trees are given water to grow.

Exam Tip: The dative case ending '-ाय' on 'वृक्षाय' shows 'to the tree' or 'for the tree'.

Question 5. पर्णानि कुतः पतन्ति?
Answer: वृक्षात् पर्णानि पतन्ति। Leaves drop down from the trees.
In simple words: Leaves fall from the tree branches.

Exam Tip: The ablative case ending '-ात्' on 'वृक्षात्' signifies 'from the tree', indicating the source of falling.

Question 6. कस्य प्रसरः महान् वर्तते?
Answer: वृक्षस्य प्रसरः महान् वर्तते। The area covered by the trees is very large.
In simple words: Trees have a big, wide coverage.

Exam Tip: The genitive case ending '-स्य' on 'वृक्षस्य' denotes 'of the tree', showing possession or relation.

Question 7. भूतले वृक्षः कीदृशः अस्ति?
Answer: भूतले वृक्षः धन्यः अस्ति। Trees are considered fortunate on this Earth.
In simple words: Trees on Earth are very lucky or special.

Exam Tip: Focus on adjectives that describe the beneficial nature of trees, such as 'धन्यः' (blessed/fortunate).

Question 8. नद्यः स्वयमेव किं न पिबन्ति?
Answer: नद्यः स्वयमेव (स्वम्) अम्भः न पिबन्ति। Rivers do not consume their own water.
In simple words: Rivers don't drink their own water.

Exam Tip: This question highlights the selfless nature of rivers; ensure your answer reflects this core idea.

Question 9. वृक्षाः स्वयं किं न खादन्ति?
Answer: वृक्षाः स्वयं फलानि न खादन्ति। Trees do not consume their own fruits.
In simple words: Trees don't eat their own fruit.

Exam Tip: Similar to rivers, this emphasizes the selfless aspect of trees providing for others.

Question 10. वारिवाहाः किं न अदन्ति?
Answer: वारिवाहाः सस्यं न अदन्ति। Clouds do not consume crops or grains.
In simple words: Clouds don't eat the crops they water.

Exam Tip: Understand that 'सस्यं' refers to agricultural produce like grains, not just general food.

Question 11. पुनरपि पुनः घृष्टं चन्दनं कीदृशं भवति?
Answer: पुनरपि पुनः घृष्टं चन्दनं चारुगन्धं भवति। Sandalwood, even when rubbed multiple times, continues to yield a pleasant smell.
In simple words: No matter how much you rub sandalwood, it always stays sweet-smelling.

Exam Tip: Focus on the unchanging positive quality ('चारुगन्धं' - pleasant fragrance) despite repeated action.

Question 12. पुनरपि पुनः छिन्नम् इक्षुदण्डं कीदृशं भवति?
Answer: पुनरपि पुनः छिन्नम् इक्षुदण्डं स्वादु भवति। Even after cutting repeatedly, the sugarcane stick always tastes sweet.
In simple words: Sugarcane remains sweet even if you cut it many times.

Exam Tip: Highlight the consistent property ('स्वादु' - sweet) of the sugarcane despite continuous cutting.

Question 13. पुनरपि पुनः दग्धं काञ्चनं कीदृशं भवति?
Answer: पुनरपि पुनः दग्धं काञ्चनं कान्तवर्णं भवति। When gold is heated multiple times, it becomes even more beautiful in its color.
In simple words: Gold gets a lovely color even if you burn it again and again.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the enhancement of quality ('कान्तवर्णं' - beautiful color) that gold exhibits after repeated heating.

Question 14. प्राणान्तेऽपि सज्जनानां किं न जायते?
Answer: प्राणान्तेऽपि सज्जनानां प्रकृतौ (स्वभावे) विकृतिः न जायते। Good people's true nature does not change, even when they are facing death.
In simple words: Even when dying, good people's character never changes.

Exam Tip: The phrase 'प्राणान्तेऽपि' (even at the end of life) is crucial, indicating the ultimate test of an unchanging character.

2. Choose The Correct Option For The Answer Of The Questions Given Below:

Question 1. केषां विभूतयः परोपकाराय सन्ति?
(a) सर्वेषाम्
(b) सत्पुरुषाणाम्
(c) धनिकानाम्
(d) मित्राणाम्
Answer: (b) सत्पुरुषाणाम्
In simple words: This question asks whose wealth is for the benefit of others, and 'Satsurushanam' means good people, whose wealth helps others.

Exam Tip: Recall the teachings that the prosperity of virtuous individuals is always intended for the welfare of society.

Question 2. वृक्षे के निकूजन्ति?
(a) शाखामृगाः
(b) कीटकाः
(c) विहगा:
(d) प्राणिनः
Answer: (c) विहगा:
In simple words: The question asks what chirps in trees, and 'Vihaga' directly means birds.

Exam Tip: Relate the verb 'निकूजन्ति' (to chirp/sing) to the most common creature associated with such an action in trees.

Question 3. मित्राणि रिपवः च केन कारणेन जायन्ते?
(a) सत्येन
(b) असत्येन
(c) व्यवहारेण
(d) चमत्कारेण
Answer: (c) व्यवहारेण
In simple words: This asks what causes friends and enemies to appear, and 'Vyavaharena' signifies through one's behavior.

Exam Tip: Remember the central theme that human interactions and conduct determine relationships.

Question 4. सज्जनानां प्राणान्ते अपि किं न भवति?
(a) वित्तसंग्रहः
(b) चित्तभ्रमः
(c) वचनभंगः
(d) प्रकृतिविकृतिः
Answer: (d) प्रकृतिविकृतिः
In simple words: The question asks what doesn't happen to good people even at death, and 'Prakritivikriti' means a change in their fundamental nature.

Exam Tip: The Subhashita emphasizes the steadfastness of good people's character, even in extreme circumstances.

Question 5. तापः केन वार्यते?
(a) शीतेन
(b) शिशिरेण
(c) सन्तापेन
(d) वृक्षण
Answer: (d) वृक्षण
In simple words: This asks what prevents heat, and 'Vrukshana' means by trees, which provide shade.

Exam Tip: Recall the benefits of trees, including their ability to offer shade and reduce heat.

Question 6. वृक्षस्य किं महान् वर्तते?
(a) विटपः
(b) पर्णम्
(c) प्रसरः
(d) फलम्
Answer: (c) प्रसरः
In simple words: The question asks what aspect of a tree is great, and 'Prasaraha' refers to its wide spread or area.

Exam Tip: Consider the extensive reach of a tree's branches and roots as its 'great spread'.

Question 7. नद्यः स्वयमेव किं न पिबन्ति?
(a) नीरम्
(b) दुग्धम्
(c) क्षीरम्
(d) तक्रम्
Answer: (a) नीरम्
In simple words: This asks what rivers themselves do not drink, and 'Neeram' is the Sanskrit word for water.

Exam Tip: Match the verb 'पिबन्ति' (drink) with the object 'नीरम्' (water), which rivers supply but don't consume themselves.

Question 8. चारुगन्धं किं भवति?
(a) इक्षुदण्डम्
(b) चन्दनम्
(c) सुवर्णम्
(d) दण्डकाष्ठम्
Answer: (b) चन्दनम्
In simple words: The question asks what has a pleasant fragrance, and 'Chandanum' refers to sandalwood, known for its scent.

Exam Tip: 'चारुगन्धं' directly means 'pleasant fragrance', making sandalwood the clear answer.

Question 9. 'काञ्चनम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः अस्ति?
(a) चन्दनम्
(b) कान्तवर्णम्
(c) रजतम्
(d) सुवर्णम्
Answer: (d) सुवर्णम्
In simple words: This asks for a synonym of 'Kanchana' (gold), and 'Suvarnam' also means gold.

Exam Tip: Expand your vocabulary by learning multiple synonyms for common Sanskrit words.

Question 10. 'मित्रम्' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः अस्ति?
(a) रिपुः
(b) सखा
(c) सुहदः
(d) वयस्यः
Answer: (a) रिपुः
In simple words: The question asks for the opposite of 'Mitram' (friend), and 'Ripuhu' means enemy.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between synonyms (like 'सखा' and 'सुहदः') and antonyms ('रिपुः').

Question 11. अधोदत्तेभ्यः नामरूपेभ्यः चतुर्थीविभक्ति एकवचनस्य रूपं किम् अस्ति?
(a) वृक्षम्
(b) वृक्षाय
(c) वृक्षण
(d) वृक्षस्य
Answer: (b) वृक्षाय
In simple words: This question asks for the dative singular form among the given noun forms, and 'Vrukshaya' is the correct one, meaning 'to the tree'.

Exam Tip: Practice noun declensions for common masculine nouns like 'वृक्ष' to identify various case endings.

Question 12. अधोदत्तेभ्यः धातुरूपेभ्यः वर्तमानकाल अन्यपुरुष एकवचनस्य रूपं किम् अस्ति?
(a) पतन्ति
(b) निकूजन्ति
(c) जायते
(d) जायन्ते
Answer: (c) जायते
In simple words: The question asks for the present tense, third person singular verb form, and 'Jayate' fits this grammatical structure.

Exam Tip: Understand the difference between 'आत्मनेपद' (like 'जायते') and 'परस्मैपद' (like 'पतन्ति') conjugations.

Question 13. Which is the disjoined word of 'धन्योऽसि'?
(a) धन्यो + असि
(b) धन्यो + ऽसि
(c) धन्याः + असि
(d) धन्यः + असि
Answer: (d) धन्यः + असि
In simple words: To break down 'Dhanyo'si', we separate it into 'Dhanyah' meaning blessed, and 'Asi' meaning you are.

Exam Tip: Recognize the 'ओ' form that often results from a 'visarga' ('ः') followed by a soft consonant or certain vowels.

Question 14. वारिवाहाः स्वयम् ............... न खादन्ति।
(a) फलानि
(b) जलम्
(c) अन्नम्
(d) पुष्पम्
Answer: (c) अन्नम्
In simple words: This question asks what clouds themselves do not eat, and 'Annam' refers to grain or food.

Exam Tip: Relate the 'खादन्ति' (eat) verb to 'अन्नम्' (grain), which clouds provide but do not consume.

Question 15. ............... स्वयं मधु न पिबन्ति ।
(a) वृक्षाः
(b) वारिवाहाः
(c) नद्यः
(d) मधुमक्षिकाः
Answer: (d) मधुमक्षिकाः
In simple words: This blank needs a subject that doesn't drink its own honey, and 'Madhumakshikaha' (honeybees) fits this.

Exam Tip: Understand the self-sacrificing nature of honeybees, who produce honey for others.

Question 16. Write a Sanskrit word of 'cloud'.
(a) अम्भः
(b) सस्यम्
(c) वारिवाहः
(d) मधु
Answer: (c) वारिवाहः
In simple words: The question asks for the Sanskrit word for 'cloud', and 'Varivahaha' is the correct term.

Exam Tip: Learn common Sanskrit vocabulary, especially for nature elements mentioned in Subhashitas.

Question 17. Write after joining a word of ‘न + अम्भः '
(a) नाम्भः
(b) नम्भः
(c) नोम्भः
(d) नाम्भाः
Answer: (a) नाम्भः
In simple words: When 'Na' (not) and 'Ambha' (water) are joined, they correctly form 'Nambhaha' according to Sanskrit grammar.

Exam Tip: Practice vowel Sandhi rules, particularly when 'अ' combines with another vowel to form a longer vowel.

3. Put A V Against The True Statement And A Against The False Statement Given Below:

Question 1. पुस्तकेषु हि या विद्या सा कार्यकाले समुत्पन्ने साहाय्यं करोति । [ X ]
Answer: False
In simple words: For each statement, determine if it is true or false based on the lesson's teachings.

Exam Tip: Remember that knowledge merely in books, if not applied, is not helpful when needed.

Question 2. वृक्षेण तापः वार्यते। [√]
Answer: True
In simple words: For each statement, determine if it is true or false based on the lesson's teachings.

Exam Tip: Trees indeed provide shade and help in mitigating heat.

Question 3. सर्वे अस्माकं मित्राणि सन्ति, अतः चिन्ता मास्तु। [ X ]
Answer: False
In simple words: For each statement, determine if it is true or false based on the lesson's teachings.

Exam Tip: The Subhashita states that friends and enemies are made by behavior, not that everyone is always a friend.

Question 4. मित्राणि रिपवः च व्यवहारात् जायन्ते। [√]
Answer: True
In simple words: For each statement, determine if it is true or false based on the lesson's teachings.

Exam Tip: This statement accurately reflects the Subhashita's teaching that one's actions create friends and foes.

Question 5. सतां विभूतयः परोपकाराय सन्ति। [ ✔ ]
Answer: True
In simple words: For each statement, determine if it is true or false based on the lesson's teachings.

Exam Tip: This is a core message of the Subhashitas, emphasizing the altruistic nature of good people.

Question 6. Clouds drink only that water which they give as rain. [X]
Answer: False
In simple words: For each statement, determine if it is true or false based on the lesson's teachings.

Exam Tip: Clouds provide rain and do not consume the crops grown with it, which is the selfless act referred to.

Question 7. Only the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Sindhu, the Godavari and the Narmada are the main rivers. [X]
Answer: False
In simple words: For each statement, determine if it is true or false based on the lesson's teachings.

Exam Tip: The Subhashita mentions fifteen holy rivers, not just these five as the exclusive main ones.

Question 8. Gold that is heated repeatedly gains a beautiful colour. [ ✔ ]
Answer: True
In simple words: For each statement, determine if it is true or false based on the lesson's teachings.

Exam Tip: This statement reflects the analogy used to describe the unchanging good character of सज्जन (good people).

4. Disjoin The Following Words:

Question 1. चोत्तमानाम्
Answer: च + उत्तमानाम्
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: Look for the 'ओ' sound transforming into 'अ' + 'उ' during Sandhi separation.

Question 2. यद्घनम्
Answer: यत् + धनम्
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: The change from 'त्' to 'द्' before a voiced consonant ('ध्') is a common Sandhi rule.

Question 3. प्रसरोमहान्
Answer: प्रसरः + महान्
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: Identify the 'ओ' before a voiced consonant, indicating a 'visarga' (ः) in the original word.

Question 4. कस्यचिद्रिपुः
Answer: कस्यचित् + रिपुः
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: Remember the rule where 'त्' changes to 'द्' before a soft consonant ('र्'), and the 'र्' comes from the preceding visarga (ः).

Question 5. रिपवस्तथा
Answer: रिपवः + तथा
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: The 'स्' between two words often comes from a 'visarga' (ः) in the first word.

Question 6. नादन्ति
Answer: न + अदन्ति
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: This is a simple long vowel Sandhi where 'न' and 'अदन्ति' combine to form 'नादन्ति'.

Question 7. पुनश्चन्दनम्
Answer: पुनः + चन्दनम्
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: Note how 'visarga' (ः) transforms into 'श्' before 'च्' in Sandhi.

Question 8. चैवेक्षुदण्डम्
Answer: च + एव + इक्षुदण्डम्
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: For longer combined words, break them down systematically, one Sandhi rule at a time.

Question 9. पुनस्स्वादु
Answer: पुनः + स्वादु
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: The 'स्' between 'पुनः' and 'स्वादु' comes from the 'visarga' (ः) changing before 'स्'.

Question 10. प्रकृतिविकृतिर्जायते
Answer: प्रकृतिविकृतिः + जायते
In simple words: Break down each combined Sanskrit word into its individual components, showing the separation for Sandhi.

Exam Tip: The 'र्' before a soft consonant 'ज्' often indicates a 'visarga' (ः) in the preceding word.

5. Join The Following Words:

Question 1. फल + अन्वितः
Answer: फलान्वितः
In simple words: Combine the separate Sanskrit words according to Sandhi rules to form single, joined words.

Exam Tip: When 'अ' meets 'अ', it typically forms 'आ' in Sanskrit Sandhi.

Question 2. खगाः + निकूजन्ति
Answer: खगा निकूजन्ति
In simple words: Combine the separate Sanskrit words according to Sandhi rules to form single, joined words.

Exam Tip: In some cases, a 'visarga' might drop without other changes, especially before soft consonants.

Question 3. सताम् + विभूतयः
Answer: सतां विभूतयः
In simple words: Combine the separate Sanskrit words according to Sandhi rules to form single, joined words.

Exam Tip: 'म्' followed by a consonant often becomes 'ं' (anusvara) or 'न्' (nasal sound depending on the following letter).

Question 4. घृष्टम् + घृष्टम्
Answer: घृष्टं घृष्टम्
In simple words: Combine the separate Sanskrit words according to Sandhi rules to form single, joined words.

Exam Tip: A final 'म्' followed by a consonant typically changes to 'ं' (anusvara).

6. Write The Following English Words In Sanskrit:

Question 1. Looks beautiful
Answer: भाति
In simple words: Give the Sanskrit equivalent for each of the provided English words.

Exam Tip: 'भाति' is a verb meaning 'shines' or 'looks beautiful'.

Question 2. Water
Answer: अम्भः
In simple words: Give the Sanskrit equivalent for each of the provided English words.

Exam Tip: 'अम्भः' is a common and poetic word for water in Sanskrit.

Question 3. Cloud
Answer: वारिवाहः, मेघः
In simple words: Give the Sanskrit equivalent for each of the provided English words.

Exam Tip: Both 'वारिवाहः' and 'मेघः' are valid Sanskrit terms for cloud, with 'वारिवाहः' literally meaning 'water-bearer'.

Question 4. Rubbed
Answer: घृष्टम्
In simple words: Give the Sanskrit equivalent for each of the provided English words.

Exam Tip: 'घृष्टम्' is a past participle form, meaning 'that which has been rubbed'.

Question 5. Piece of sugarcane
Answer: इक्षुदण्डम्
In simple words: Give the Sanskrit equivalent for each of the provided English words.

Exam Tip: 'इक्षु' means sugarcane, and 'दण्डम्' refers to a stick or stalk.

Question 6. Earth
Answer: भूतलः
In simple words: Give the Sanskrit equivalent for each of the provided English words.

Exam Tip: 'भूतलः' translates directly to 'earth's surface' or 'ground'.

Question 7. Prosperity
Answer: विभूतिः
In simple words: Give the Sanskrit equivalent for each of the provided English words.

Exam Tip: 'विभूतिः' signifies prosperity, wealth, or glory, often with a spiritual connotation.

7. Write Synonyms Of Following Sanskrit Words:

Question 1. काञ्चनम्
Answer: सुवर्णम्, हेम
In simple words: For each Sanskrit word, list other Sanskrit words that have a similar meaning.

Exam Tip: 'काञ्चनम्', 'सुवर्णम्', and 'हेम' are all widely used synonyms for gold.

Question 2. वारिवाहः
Answer: अम्भोदः, मेघः, जलदः
In simple words: For each Sanskrit word, list other Sanskrit words that have a similar meaning.

Exam Tip: All these words ('अम्भोदः', 'मेघः', 'जलदः') literally mean 'giver of water' or 'cloud'.

Question 3. कपिः
Answer: वानरः शाखामृगः
In simple words: For each Sanskrit word, list other Sanskrit words that have a similar meaning.

Exam Tip: 'वानरः' is a common term for monkey, and 'शाखामृगः' poetically means 'branch-animal'.

Question 4. तापः
Answer: निदाघः
In simple words: For each Sanskrit word, list other Sanskrit words that have a similar meaning.

Exam Tip: 'तापः' and 'निदाघः' both refer to heat or summer heat.

Question 5. वृक्षः
Answer: पादपः, तरुः
In simple words: For each Sanskrit word, list other Sanskrit words that have a similar meaning.

Exam Tip: 'पादपः' means 'foot-drinker' (referring to roots) and 'तरुः' are common synonyms for tree.

8. Write Opposites Of Following Sanskrit Words:

Question 1. मित्रम्
Answer: रिपुः, अरिः
In simple words: For each Sanskrit word, provide words that have the opposite meaning.

Exam Tip: 'रिपुः' and 'अरिः' are direct antonyms for 'मित्रम्' (friend), both meaning enemy.

Question 2. परः
Answer: अन्यः
In simple words: For each Sanskrit word, provide words that have the opposite meaning.

Exam Tip: While 'परः' means 'other' or 'distant', 'अन्यः' also means 'other', indicating a nuance where the source presents a similar word as an opposite in context.

Question 3. परहस्तेषु
Answer: स्वहस्तेषु
In simple words: For each Sanskrit word, provide words that have the opposite meaning.

Exam Tip: 'परहस्तेषु' means 'in others' hands', so its opposite 'स्वहस्तेषु' means 'in one's own hands'.

Question 4. महान्
Answer: लघुः
In simple words: For each Sanskrit word, provide words that have the opposite meaning.

Exam Tip: 'महान्' means great or large, and 'लघुः' means small or light, making them clear opposites.

9. Recognize The Following Nouns:

Question 1. वृक्षेण
Answer: वृक्ष – अ-कारान्त Masculine Instrumental Singular. વૃક્ષ - અ-કારાન્ત પું. નામનું તૃતીયા એકવચન
In simple words: Identify the gender, ending, case, and number for each given noun form.

Exam Tip: The '-एन' ending is a strong indicator of the instrumental singular case for masculine 'अ-कारान्त' nouns.

Question 2. वृक्षात्
Answer: वृक्ष – अ-कारान्त Masculine Ablative Singular. વૃક્ષ - અ-કારાન્ત પું. નામનું પંચમી એકવચન
In simple words: Identify the gender, ending, case, and number for each given noun form.

Exam Tip: The '-ात्' ending is characteristic of the ablative singular for masculine 'अ-कारान्त' nouns, meaning 'from'.

Question 3. वृक्षे
Answer: वृक्ष – अ-कारान्त Neuter Locative Singular. વૃક્ષ - અ-કારાન્ત નપું. નામનું સપ્તમી એકવચન
In simple words: Identify the gender, ending, case, and number for each given noun form.

Exam Tip: The '-ए' ending is common for the locative singular in both masculine and neuter 'अ-कारान्त' nouns, meaning 'in' or 'on'.

Question 4. पुस्तकेषु
Answer: पुस्तक – अ-कारान्त Neuter Locative plural. પુસ્તક - અ-કારાન્ત નપું. નામનું સપ્તમી બહુવચન
In simple words: Identify the gender, ending, case, and number for each given noun form.

Exam Tip: The '-एसु' or '-ेषु' ending clearly marks the locative plural case for nouns.

Question 5. विद्या
Answer: विद्या – आ-कारान्त feminine, Nominative Singular. વિદ્યા - આ-કારાન્ત સ્ત્રી. નામનું પ્રથમા એકવચન
In simple words: Identify the gender, ending, case, and number for each given noun form.

Exam Tip: For 'आ-कारान्त' feminine nouns, the root form itself often serves as the nominative singular.

10. Translate The Following Sentences In Sanskrit:

Question 11. Translate the following verses in English and expand them :
(or explain in five or seven sentences.)
Answer:
(1) Verse: न कश्चित् कस्यचिन्मित्रं न कश्चित् कस्यचिद् रिपुः। व्यवहारेण जायन्ते मित्राणि रिपवस्तथा।।
Translation: No one is anyone's friend; no one is anyone's foe. Friends and enemies are formed because of a person's behavior or actions.
Explanation: This verse explains how friends are made, what they can do for us, and how they are formed. No one is naturally an enemy or a friend. So, what truly makes people become friends or foes? Therefore, we learn from this verse that our actions are the cause of becoming friends and enemies. If a person is treated kindly, they become a friend, but if treated poorly, they become an enemy. Thus, everyone should try to make others their friends through their own good conduct.
(2) Verse: पिबन्ति नद्य : स्वयमेव नाम्भ : स्वयं न खादन्ति फलानि वृक्षाः। नादन्ति सस्यं खलु वारिवाहाः परोपकाराय सतां विभूतयः।।
Translation: Rivers do not consume their own water; trees do not eat their own fruits; clouds truly do not consume the grain they produce. The riches of good people are for the advantage of others, meaning for charity.
Explanation: This verse displays the importance of giving to others. Rivers never drink their own water. Instead, their water is used for people, animals, and birds. Similarly, trees do not consume their own fruit; they offer it to others. Clouds also do not eat the crops that grow from their rain; these are meant only for humans and animals. So, like rivers, trees, and clouds, the resources of virtuous individuals in society are solely for charitable purposes. Good people invest their earnings in public welfare and use their wealth only to help the poor and needy, offering aid to many.
(3) Verse: घृष्टं घृष्टं पुनरपि पुनः चन्दनं चारुगन्धम् छिन्नं छिन्नं पुनरपि पुनः स्वादु चैवेक्षुदण्डम् दग्धं दग्धं पुनरपि पुनः काञ्चनं कान्तवर्णं। न प्राणान्ते प्रकृतिविकृतिर्जायते सज्जनानाम्।।
Translation: Even when rubbed many times, sandalwood stays sweet-smelling and fragrant. Even after being cut repeatedly, a sugarcane stick remains sweet. Even when heated many times, gold becomes lovely in its color.
Even near death, the good nature of great individuals never alters.
Explanation: This verse shows the true character of noble individuals. No matter the life challenges, their nature does not change. They continue to be kind and charitable, even as their life ends. The poet uses examples of sandalwood, sugarcane, and gold to prove this idea. Sandalwood keeps its lovely scent even when rubbed over and over. Sugarcane remains sweet even if cut many times. In the same way, gold looks beautiful even after a goldsmith heats it in a furnace many times. For instance, a saint was stung many times by a scorpion while trying to save it from drowning. Despite the severe pain, the saint rescued the scorpion and placed it safely on the ground. What an amazing spirit to help others! Therefore, noble people hold onto their kindness even in the hardest situations.
In simple words: This question asks you to translate and then explain three important Sanskrit verses. For each verse, first, give a clear English translation. After that, elaborate on its meaning, using examples or further details to make the message easy to understand.

Exam Tip: For comprehensive translation and explanation tasks, ensure each part (translation, elaboration, examples) is clearly presented and addresses the full scope of the question.