GSEB Class 8 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 6 विनोदपद्यानि

1. Pronounce the following words properly :

નીચેના શબ્દોનું મોટેથી ઉચ્ચારણ કરો :

कन्याराशिस्थितो, पूजामपेक्षते, टकटकायते, भिन्द्यात्, कुर्याद्रासभरोहणम्, उष्ट्राणाम्, प्रशंसन्ति, कुलमिच्छन्ति, मिष्टान्नमितरे, नमस्तुभ्यम्।

Answer: Under the direction of your Sanskrit teacher, say the given words out loud and clearly three times.

Exam Tip: Practice pronouncing Sanskrit words carefully, paying attention to each syllable and its intonation, as correct pronunciation is key to understanding and reciting shlokas.

 

2. Split Sandhi of the following words:

નીચેના શબ્દોની સંધિ છૂટી પાડો :

1. पूजामपेक्षते,
2. कुलमिच्छन्ति,
3. मिष्टान्नमितरे

Answer:
1. पूजामपेक्षते - पूजाम् + अपेक्षते
2. कुलमिच्छन्ति - कुलम् + इच्छन्ति
3. मिष्टान्नमितरे - मिष्टान्नम् + इतरे
In simple words: To split Sandhi, break the combined word into its original two parts, showing how they join together.

Exam Tip: Remember that Sandhi involves systematic changes to letters when words join. Understanding the core rules of Sandhi will help you correctly split or join words, even unfamiliar ones.

 

3. Join the following words:

નીચેના શબ્દોની સંધિ કરો :

1. कः + अपि
2. यमः + तु
3. नमः + तुभ्यम

Answer:
1. कः + अपि - कोऽपि
2. यमः + तु - यमस्तु
3. नमः + तुभ्यम् - नमस्तुभ्यम्
In simple words: To join Sandhi, combine the separate words into one, changing letters as needed to follow Sanskrit grammar rules.

Exam Tip: When joining words, pay close attention to the last letter of the first word and the first letter of the second word, as these are where most Sandhi changes happen.

 

4. Complete the following shlokas :

શ્લોકપૂર્તિ કરો :

Question 1. सदा वक्री दशमो ग्रहः।।
Answer: सदा वक्री सदा क्रूरः कन्याराशिस्थितः सदा।
सदा पूजामपेक्षते जामाता दशमो ग्रहः।।
In simple words: The son-in-law is always crooked, always cruel, and constantly in the 'Kanya Rashi'. He always expects respect, thus making him the tenth planet.

Exam Tip: When completing shlokas, try to recall the entire verse, focusing on the meaning and meter. The context often provides clues for missing words.

 

Question 2. कन्या वरयते जनाः।।
Answer: कन्या वरयते रूपं माता वित्तं पिता श्रुतम्।
बान्धवाः कुलमिच्छन्ति मिष्टान्नमितरे जनाः।।
In simple words: A girl chooses good looks, a mother likes money, and a father prefers education. Relatives want a good family status, while other people just want sweets.

Exam Tip: Ensure you accurately complete both lines of the shloka, as they usually form a complete thought or idea.

 

Question 3. टका धर्मः टकटकायते ॥
Answer: टका धर्मः टका कर्म टका हि परमं तपः।
यस्य हस्ते टका नास्ति हाटके टकटकायते।।
In simple words: Money is religion, money is work, and money is the greatest penance. Anyone who doesn't have money just wanders around the market aimlessly.

Exam Tip: Focus on the philosophical or moral message of the shloka. The missing parts often emphasize the central theme.

 

Question 4. घटं भिन्द्यात्........... पुरुषो भवेत्।।
Answer: घटं भिन्द्यात् पटं छिन्द्यात् कुर्याद्रासभरोहणम्।
येन केन प्रकारेण प्रसिद्धः पुरुषो भवेत्।।
In simple words: One should smash a pot, tear cloth, or ride on a donkey. A person must become famous by any means possible.

Exam Tip: These shlokas often use exaggerated examples to make a point, so understand the underlying message even if the literal actions seem strange.

 

Question 5. वैद्यराज ......... धनानि च।
Answer: वैद्यराज नमस्तुभ्यं यमराजसहोदर।
यमस्तु हरति प्राणान् वैद्यः प्राणान् धनानि च।।
In simple words: O King of doctors, brother of Yama, I bow to you. Yama only takes away life, but a doctor takes away both life and money.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the personifications and comparisons used in the shloka, as they highlight the poet's message.

 

5. Copy out the following words:

નીચેના શબ્દોનું અનુલેખન કરો :

भिन्द्यात्, प्रशंसन्ति, नमस्तुभ्यम्, उष्ट्राणाम्

Answer: (Note : Write the words given above in your notebook in legible handwriting.)
In simple words: Simply write down the words shown above, making sure your writing is neat and easy to read.

Exam Tip: Practice writing Sanskrit words clearly, paying attention to the correct formation of each character. Neat handwriting is crucial for presentations and exams.

 

6. Frame the new sentences replacing the underlined words given in the brackets:

રેખાંકિત પદોના સ્થાને કૌંસમાં આપેલ પદોનો ઉપયોગ કરી નવાં વાક્યો લખો :

Question 1. सदा पूजाम् अपेक्षते । (धनम्, सुखम्, सम्मानम्)
Answer: New sentences : सदा धनम् अपेक्षते। सदा सुखम् अपेक्षते। सदा सम्मानम् अपेक्षते।
In simple words: Replace the underlined word 'poojam' with 'dhanam', 'sukham', and 'sammanam' one by one to form new sentences.

Exam Tip: Ensure that when you substitute words, the new sentence remains grammatically correct and makes sense in the context of the original phrase.

 

Question 2. कुर्यात् रासभे आरोहणम् । (अश्वे, गजे, बलिवर्दे)
Answer: New sentences : कुर्यात् अश्वरोहणम्। कुर्यात् गजारोहणम्। कुर्यात् बलीवारोहणम्।
In simple words: Change 'rasabhe' to 'ashve', 'gaje', and 'balivarde' to create new sentences, keeping the rest of the sentence the same.

Exam Tip: When forming new sentences, confirm that the case endings (like the locative case for "on a horse") are appropriate for the new words being used.

 

Question 3. बान्धवाः कुलम् इच्छन्ति (धनम्, वस्त्रम्, विद्याम्)
Answer: New sentences : बान्धवाः धनम् इच्छन्ति। बान्धवाः वस्त्रम् इच्छन्ति। बान्धवाः विद्याम् इच्छन्ति।
In simple words: Substitute 'kulam' with 'dhanam', 'vastram', and 'vidyam' in turn to make three different sentences.

Exam Tip: Always check if the substituted word fits semantically and grammatically. For example, 'desire wealth' makes sense, just as 'desire family'.

Activity

• Present the shlokas given here in the school programme.
• Discuss the fun reflecting from the given shlokas.
• Collect such type of shlokas and present them in the class-room.

Sanskrit Digest Std 8 GSEB विनोदपद्यानि Additional Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions in Sanskrit :

 

Question 1. कन्याराशिस्थितः जामाता सदा कीदृशः?
Answer: कन्याराशिस्थितः जामाता सदा वक्री, सदा क्रूरः च अस्ति।
In simple words: The son-in-law who is in the 'Kanya Rashi' is always crooked and always cruel.

Exam Tip: When answering in Sanskrit, ensure your response directly addresses the question using appropriate vocabulary and grammatical structures from the lesson.

 

Question 2. कः दशमः ग्रहः अस्ति?
Answer: जामाता दशमः ग्रहः अस्ति।
In simple words: The son-in-law is the tenth planet.

Exam Tip: Be precise in your Sanskrit answers, using the correct forms of nouns and verbs as required by the question.

 

Question 3. जामाता सदा किम् अपेक्षते?
Answer: जामाता सदा पूजाम् अपेक्षते।
In simple words: The son-in-law always expects respect and worship.

Exam Tip: The answer should directly reflect the cultural or social observation presented in the original shloka.

 

Question 4. यस्य हस्ते टका नास्ति, सः हाटके किं करोति?
Answer: यस्य हस्ते टका नास्ति, सः हाटके टकटकायते।
In simple words: A person who has no money in their hand roams around aimlessly in the market.

Exam Tip: Link the action directly to the condition given in the question (lack of money) when forming your Sanskrit response.

 

Question 5. पुरुषः केन प्रकारेण प्रसिद्धः भवेत्?
Answer: पुरुषः येन केन प्रकारेण प्रसिद्धः भवेत्।
In simple words: A man should become famous by any means necessary.

Exam Tip: Capture the essence of the shloka's advice or observation directly in your Sanskrit sentence.

 

Question 6. उष्ट्राणां विवाहेषु के गीतं गायन्ति?
Answer: उष्ट्राणां विवाहेषु गर्दभाः गीतं गायन्ति।
In simple words: Donkeys sing songs at the weddings of camels.

Exam Tip: This question highlights an ironic situation from the shloka, so ensure your answer reflects that specific detail.

 

Question 7. कन्या किं वरयते?
Answer: कन्या रूपं वरयते।
In simple words: A girl chooses beauty.

Exam Tip: Keep the answer concise and to the point, directly stating what the girl desires according to the shloka.

 

Question 8. वैद्यः कस्य सहोदरः अस्ति?
Answer: वैद्यः यमराजस्य सहोदरः अस्ति।
In simple words: The doctor is the brother of Yamaraja.

Exam Tip: This question uses a metaphorical comparison; ensure your Sanskrit answer accurately states the relationship as presented in the verse.

 

Question 9. de: foto for a fa?
Answer: वैद्यः प्राणान् धनानि च हरति ।
In simple words: A doctor takes away both life and money.

Exam Tip: Even if the question seems unclear due to OCR issues, provide the most relevant answer from the chapter that addresses a similar theme or character.

 

2. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence in English:

 

Question 1. Who always expects to be served and felicitated ?
Answer: A son-in-law always expects to be served and honored.
In simple words: The son-in-law always wants to be treated with great respect.

Exam Tip: For single-sentence answers, identify the main subject and action directly from the question and express it clearly and simply.

 

Question 2. What is the status in society of a person who has no money ?
Answer: A person who has no money is not respected by anyone in society.
In simple words: Someone without money gets no respect from others.

Exam Tip: Ensure your answer reflects the core social observation made in the shloka regarding wealth and respect.

 

Question 3. How should man become famous ?
Answer: Man should become famous by breaking an earthen pot, by tearing cloth, or by riding on a donkey.
In simple words: A man should get famous by doing unusual things like breaking pots or riding donkeys.

Exam Tip: This answer is based on the satirical advice in the shloka, so include all the humorous examples mentioned.

 

Question 4. Who sing in the marriage ceremonies of camels ?
Answer: Donkeys sing in the marriage ceremonies of camels.
In simple words: When camels get married, donkeys are the ones singing.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific animals mentioned for each role to provide an accurate answer from the shloka.

 

Question 5. While deciding a girl's marriage, what do the girl, her father and mother like?
Answer: While deciding a girl's marriage, a girl likes looks, a mother wishes for wealth, and a father prefers education (knowledge).
In simple words: In marriage, the girl likes looks, the mother wants money, and the father wants education.

Exam Tip: List each person's preference clearly and separately to cover all parts of the question accurately.

 

Question 6. What is the difference between a vaidya – doctor and Lord Yama?
Answer: The difference between a vaidya – doctor and Lord Yama is that Lord Yama only takes away life; while a doctor takes away both life and money too.
In simple words: Lord Yama just takes life, but a doctor takes both life and your money.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the unique action of each character (Yama and Vaidya) to highlight the distinction mentioned in the shloka.

 

3. Choose the correct option for the answer of each of the questions given below :

 

Question 1. किं परमं तपः विद्यते?
(a) धर्म:
(b) टका
(c) कर्म
(d) उद्यमः
Answer: (b) टका
In simple words: The question asks what is the highest penance. The answer, according to the shloka, is money.

Exam Tip: For MCQs based on shlokas, make sure you choose the option that directly reflects the specific teaching or statement from the text.

 

Question 2. हाटके कः टकटकायते?
(a) अधार्मिकः
(b) निरुद्यमः
(c) निर्धनः
(d) धनिकः
Answer: (c) निर्धनः
In simple words: The question asks who roams aimlessly in the market. The shloka says it is the moneyless person.

Exam Tip: Always relate the MCQ options back to the exact phrases or situations described in the original shloka to pick the correct answer.

 

Question 3. पिता किं वरयते?
(a) रूपम्
(b) श्रुतम्
(c) वित्तम्
(d) कुलम्
Answer: (b) श्रुतम्
In simple words: The question asks what a father prefers. The shloka clearly states that a father likes education or knowledge.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to who is desiring what in the shloka, as preferences vary between the girl, mother, father, and relatives.

 

Question 4. बान्धवाः किं वरयन्ते?
(a) मिष्टान्नम्
(b) वित्तम्
(c) श्रुतम्
(d) कुलम्
Answer: (d) कुलम्
In simple words: The question asks what relatives prefer. The shloka specifies that relatives desire a good family or lineage.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between the desires of 'relatives' and 'other people' as described in the shloka, as they are different.

 

Question 5. यमः किं हरति?
(a) प्राणान्
(b) धनानि
(c) श्रुतम्
(d) सर्वस्वम्
Answer: (a) प्राणान्
In simple words: The question asks what Yama takes. The shloka says Yama only takes life.

Exam Tip: Remember the distinction: Yama takes only life, while a doctor takes both life and money.

 

Question 6. वैद्यः कस्य भ्राता अस्ति?
(a) यमराजस्य
(b) जीवस्य
(c) प्राणानाम्
(d) धनानाम्
Answer: (a) यमराजस्य
In simple words: The question asks whose brother the doctor is. The shloka refers to the doctor as the brother of Yamaraja.

Exam Tip: This is a direct recall from the shloka that uses a specific metaphor to describe doctors.

 

Question 7. 'मिष्टान्नमितरे' Disjoin the Sandhi.
(a) मिष्टान्न + मितरे
(b) मिष्टान्नम् + इतरे
(c) मिष्टान्न + अन्तरे
(d) मिष्टान्न + अमितरे
Answer: (b) मिष्टान्नम् + इतरे
In simple words: The word 'miṣṭānnamitare' breaks down into 'miṣṭānnam' (sweets) and 'itare' (others).

Exam Tip: Practice identifying common Sandhi rules, like 'm' becoming 'ṃ' before a vowel, to correctly disjoin words.

 

Question 8. ................. सदा पूजाम् अपेक्षते।
(a) वैद्यराज
(b) भ्राता
(c) जामाता
(d) श्वसुरः
Answer: (c) जामाता
In simple words: The phrase asks who always expects worship. According to the shloka, it is the son-in-law.

Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blank type MCQs, insert each option mentally into the blank and see which one creates a statement consistent with the shloka.

 

Question 9. यस्य ................. टका नास्ति (सः) हाटके टकटकायते।
(a) हस्तम्
(b) हस्ते
(c) हस्तस्य
(d) हस्ताभ्याम्
Answer: (b) हस्ते
In simple words: The sentence means "the one in whose hand there is no money, roams aimlessly in the market." The correct word for 'in whose hand' is 'hastē'.

Exam Tip: Understand the case endings; 'hastē' (locative singular) means 'in the hand', which fits the context of 'yasyā' (whose).

 

Question 10. प्राणान् धनानि च कः हरति?
(a) यमः
(b) वृद्धः
(c) वैद्यः
(d) जनः
Answer: (c) वैद्यः
In simple words: The question asks who takes away both life and money. The shloka clarifies that it is the doctor.

Exam Tip: This question directly tests your knowledge of the doctor's specific role in the satirical shloka.

 

4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the bracket : (स्थितः, हस्ते, प्रशंसन्ति, छिन्द्यात्, मिष्टान्नम्, गर्दभाः, गीतम्)

Answer:
1. यस्य हस्ते टका नास्ति, स हाटके किं करोति?
2. पुरुषः घटं भिन्द्यात् पटं च छिन्द्यात्।
3. उष्ट्राणां विवाहेषु गर्दभाः गीतं गायन्ति।
4. इतरे जनाः मिष्टान्नम् इच्छन्ति।
5. परस्परं प्रशंसन्ति 'अहो रूपम् ! अहो ध्वनिः!'
6. जामाता सदा कन्याराशि स्थितः वर्तते।
In simple words: Fill in each blank with the most suitable word from the given list, making sure the completed sentence reflects the teachings of the shlokas.

Exam Tip: Read each sentence carefully and identify the context. The bracketed words are specific to different shlokas, so recalling the verses will help you choose correctly.

 

5. write 'आम्' against the true statement and 'न' against the false statement given below :

Question 1. जामाता सदा तिरस्कारम् अपेक्षते।
Answer: (न)
In simple words: The statement says the son-in-law always expects disrespect, which is false; he expects honor.

Exam Tip: Always compare the statement with the actual content of the shlokas. Here, the son-in-law expects respect, not disrespect.

 

Question 2. टका हि परमं कर्म वर्तते।
Answer: (आम्)
In simple words: The statement says money is the highest duty, which is true according to the shloka.

Exam Tip: This statement aligns with the shloka's emphasis on money as the ultimate religious duty or action.

 

Question 3. पुरुषः सदैव प्रसिद्धः भवति।
Answer: (न)
In simple words: The statement says a man is always famous, which is false; the shloka suggests one must strive to become famous.

Exam Tip: The shloka indicates that fame is something to be achieved, not something automatically present for everyone.

 

Question 4. उष्ट्राणां विवाहे वानराः गीतं गायन्ति।
Answer: (न)
In simple words: The statement says monkeys sing at camel weddings, which is false; donkeys sing there.

Exam Tip: Ensure you remember the specific animals involved in the humorous scenario from the shloka.

 

Question 5. उष्ट्राः गर्दभाः च परस्परं प्रशंसन्ति।
Answer: (आम्)
In simple words: The statement says camels and donkeys praise each other, which is true in the shloka's context.

Exam Tip: This statement correctly describes the reciprocal praise between camels and donkeys, as depicted in the humorous verse.

 

Question 6. कन्या रूपं वरयते।
Answer: (आम्)
In simple words: The statement says a girl chooses beauty, which is true according to the shloka.

Exam Tip: This is a direct recall of what the girl desires when choosing a match, as stated in the verse.

 

Question 7. विवाहे बान्धवाः मिष्टान्नम् इच्छन्ति।
Answer: (न)
In simple words: The statement says relatives want sweets at a wedding, which is false; 'other people' want sweets, but relatives want a good family name.

Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between the desires of 'relatives' (kulām - family status) and 'other people' (miṣṭānnam - sweets).

 

Question 8. वैद्यः यमराजस्य सहोदरः वर्तते।
Answer: (आम्)
In simple words: The statement says the doctor is Yamaraja's brother, which is true according to the shloka.

Exam Tip: This statement accurately reflects the satirical comparison made in the verse between a doctor and the god of death.

 

6. Join 'A' Section with 'B' Section properly:

Answer:

In simple words: Match the phrases from Section 'A' with their appropriate continuations or descriptions from Section 'B' based on the shlokas.

Exam Tip: For matching questions, read both columns thoroughly. Often, specific keywords or themes in one column will directly lead you to its correct counterpart in the other.

 

7. Write similar words of following Sanskrit words :

• बान्धवः - स्वजनः, परिजनः
  In simple words: 'Bāndhavaḥ' means a relative, so similar words are 'svajanaḥ' and 'parijanaḥ'.
• कुलम् - वंशम्, गोत्रम्
  In simple words: 'Kulam' means family or lineage, similar to 'vaṁśam' and 'gotram'.
• वित्तम् - धनम्, टका
  In simple words: 'Vittam' means wealth or money, like 'dhanam' and 'ṭakā'.
• गर्दभः- रासभः, खरः
  In simple words: 'Gardabhaḥ' refers to a donkey, similar to 'rāsabhaḥ' and 'kharaḥ'.
• पिता - जनकः, तात:
  In simple words: 'Pitā' means father, and 'janakaḥ' and 'tātaḥ' are its synonyms.
• पटम् - वस्त्रम्, अम्बरम्
  In simple words: 'Paṭam' means cloth, like 'vastram' and 'ambaram'.

Exam Tip: Learn common synonyms for key Sanskrit terms. This improves your vocabulary and helps in understanding various texts.

 

8. write English meaning of given words :

• जामाता - Son-in-law
  In simple words: 'Jāmātā' means a son-in-law.
• रासभः - Donkey
  In simple words: 'Rāsabhaḥ' means a donkey.
• हाटके - In the market
  In simple words: 'Hāṭake' means in the market.
• सहोदरः - Brother
  In simple words: 'Sahodaraḥ' means a brother.
• उष्ट्रः - Camel
  In simple words: 'Uṣṭraḥ' means a camel.
• पटम् - Cloth
  In simple words: 'Paṭam' means cloth.
• वित्तम् - Money, Wealth
  In simple words: 'Vittam' means money or wealth.
• श्रुतम् - Knowledge
  In simple words: 'Śrutam' means knowledge.

Exam Tip: Memorize the English meanings of Sanskrit words, especially those frequently appearing in your textbook, to improve comprehension and translation skills.

 

9. Recognize the following action verbs and write :

Question 1. गायन्ति
Answer: Present tense, third person plural of the root गै (१ प.).
In simple words: 'Gāyanti' means 'they sing'. It's a present tense verb for multiple subjects.

Exam Tip: When recognizing verbs, identify the root, the tense, the person (first, second, third), and the number (singular, dual, plural).

 

Question 2. वरयते
Answer: Parasmaipadi present tense, third person singular of the root वृ (१० उ.).
In simple words: 'Varayate' means 'he/she chooses'. It's a present tense verb for one subject.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between Parasmaipada and Atmanepada forms, as they indicate different voices and often have different endings.

 

Question 3. अपेक्षते
Answer: Present tense, third person singular of the root अप + ईक्ष (१ आ.).
In simple words: 'Apekṣate' means 'he/she expects'. It is a present tense verb for a single subject.

Exam Tip: Verbs with prefixes (like 'apa' in 'apekṣate') often have distinct meanings from their root verbs. Recognize the combined form.

 

Question 4. इच्छन्ति
Answer: Present tense, third person plural of the root इष्-इच्छ (१ प.).
In simple words: 'Ichchhanti' means 'they desire'. It is a present tense verb for multiple subjects.

Exam Tip: Note the change in the root from 'iṣ' to 'ichchh' in the present tense forms for this specific verb.

 

10. Recognize the cases of following words :

Question 1. पूजाम्
Answer: पूजा Accusative singular of आ-कारान्त feminine.
In simple words: 'Pūjām' is the singular form of 'pūjā' in the accusative case, which shows it as the direct object.

Exam Tip: Accusative case endings often include '-m' for singular feminine nouns, indicating the object of an action.

 

Question 2. प्रकारेण
Answer: प्रकार: Instrumental singular of अ-कारान्त masculine.
In simple words: 'Prakāreṇa' is the singular form of 'prakāra' in the instrumental case, showing 'by means of' or 'in this manner'.

Exam Tip: The instrumental case (often with '-eṇa' or '-ā') shows the means or instrument by which an action is performed.

 

Question 3. धर्मः
Answer: धर्मः Nominative singular of अ-कारान्त masculine.
In simple words: 'Dharmaḥ' is the singular form of 'dharma' in the nominative case, which means it acts as the subject of the sentence.

Exam Tip: Nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence, and its singular ending for masculine 'a-kārānta' nouns is typically '-ḥ'.

 

Question 4. विवाहेषु
Answer: विवाहः Locative plural of अ-कारान्त masculine.
In simple words: 'Vivāheṣu' is the plural form of 'vivāha' in the locative case, meaning 'in marriages' or 'among marriages'.

Exam Tip: The locative plural ending '-eṣu' (or '-su') indicates 'in', 'on', or 'among' multiple items.

 

Question 5. हस्ते
Answer: हस्तः Locative singular of अ-कारान्त masculine.
In simple words: 'Haste' is the singular form of 'hasta' in the locative case, meaning 'in the hand'.

Exam Tip: The locative singular ending '-e' for masculine 'a-kārānta' nouns signifies 'in' or 'on' a single item.

 

Question 6. गर्दभाः
Answer: गर्दभः Nominative plural of अ-कारान्त masculine.
In simple words: 'Gardabhāḥ' is the plural form of 'gardabha' in the nominative case, indicating multiple donkeys acting as the subject.

Exam Tip: The nominative plural ending '-āḥ' for masculine 'a-kārānta' nouns is used when multiple subjects are performing an action.

 

11. Disjoin the Sandhi of given words :

Question 1. दशमो ग्रहः-
Answer: दशमः + ग्रहः
In simple words: 'Daśamo grahaḥ' separates into 'daśamaḥ' (tenth) and 'grahaḥ' (planet).

Exam Tip: Vowel Sandhi often involves a final 'o' changing back to 'aḥ' when combined with a following 'g' in certain contexts.

 

Question 2. परमं तपः-
Answer: परमम् + तपः
In simple words: 'Paramaṁ tapaḥ' splits into 'paramam' (supreme) and 'tapaḥ' (penance).

Exam Tip: Remember that final 'ṃ' (anusvāra) often reverts to 'm' when disjoining Sandhi, especially before a consonant.

 

Question 3. नास्ति -
Answer: न + अस्ति
In simple words: 'Nāsti' separates into 'na' (not) and 'asti' (is).

Exam Tip: This is a common simple Sandhi where 'a' + 'a' results in a long 'ā' (dīrgha Sandhi).

 

Question 4. कुर्याद्रासभरोहणम् –
Answer: कुर्यात् + रासभरोहणम्
In simple words: 'Kuryādrāsabharohaṇam' splits into 'kuryāt' (should do) and 'rāsabharohaṇam' (riding on a donkey).

Exam Tip: Final 't' often undergoes changes (like becoming 'd' or 'r') before certain letters. Recognize these common consonant Sandhi rules.

 

Question 5. पुरुषो भवेत् –
Answer: पुरुषः + भवेत्
In simple words: 'Puruṣo bhavet' separates into 'puruṣaḥ' (man) and 'bhavet' (should be/become).

Exam Tip: The 'o' in 'puruṣo' is a result of visarga Sandhi, where 'aḥ' changes to 'o' before a soft consonant like 'bh'.

 

Question 6. उष्ट्राणां हि –
Answer: उष्ट्राणाम् + हि
In simple words: 'Uṣṭrāṇām hi' separates into 'uṣṭrāṇām' (of camels) and 'hi' (indeed/really).

Exam Tip: This involves a minor Sandhi where 'm' becomes 'ṃ' (anusvāra) if followed by a consonant or remains 'm' if the following word starts with a vowel.

 

Question 7. परस्परं प्रशंसन्ति –
Answer: परस्परम् + प्रशंसन्ति
In simple words: 'Parasparaṁ praśaṁsanti' splits into 'parasparam' (each other) and 'praśaṁsanti' (they praise).

Exam Tip: Similar to Question 6, observe the handling of 'm' before a consonant when disjoining the Sandhi.

 

ज्ञातव्यम् (Fit to be Known)

षोडश संस्काराः (Sixteen Rituals)

Right from conception until death, the following sixteen rituals are done on every human being:

• 1. गर्भाधानम्
• 2. पुंसवनम्
• 3. सीमन्तः
• 4. जातकर्म
• 5. नामकरणम्
• 6. कर्णवेधः
• 7. निष्क्रमणम्
• 8. अन्नप्राशनम्
• 9. चूडाकर्म
• 10. विद्यारम्भः
• 11. उपनयनम्
• 12. वेदारम्भः
• 13. केशान्तः
• 14. समावर्तनम्
• 15. विवाहः
• 16. अन्त्येष्टिः

ज्ञातव्यम्

The names of the seven great sages are as follows :

• 1. कश्यपः
• 2. गौतमः
• 3. अत्रिः
• 4. जमदग्निः
• 5. भरद्वाजः
• 6. वसिष्ठः and
• 7. विश्वामित्रः

विनोदपद्यानि Summary in Hindi

'Sarcasm' means 'ironically scornful remark(s)' or words that mock / ridicule.

In this chapter, six characters have been discussed. They have been presented in six verses that make 'ironically scornful remarks about each :

• 1. The son-in-law is called the tenth planet (UE).
• 2. The person who does not have money is not respected in this society.
• 3. Man should gain fame by any possible means.
• 4. Donkeys singing at the marriage ceremony of camels ! Each praises the other!
• 5. A girl likes looks, a mother prefers wealth, a father desires education, relatives wish for a good family, and others like only sweet dishes!
• 6. A doctor is called the brother of Lord Yama (Yamraj – Lord of death), because Yama takes away life, but a doctor takes away life as well as wealth !

विनोदपद्यानि अन्वयः, शब्दार्थाः अनुवादश्च

 

1. अन्वयः – सदा वक्री, सदा क्रूरः, सदा कन्याराशिस्थितः। (सः) सदा पूजाम् अपेक्षते। (एतादृशः) जामाता दशमः ग्रहः (अस्ति)।

Answer:

शब्दार्थाः - वक्री - crooked. क्रूर: - cruel, harsh, hard-hearted. कन्याराशिस्थितः - residing in the 'Kanya Rashi' (daughter's life) (Virgo zodiac sign). According to Astrology, there are 12 zodiac signs (rāśis): Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. The poet has taken the Virgo zodiac sign 'कन्याराशि' from this group and said that the son-in-law who is residing in this sign (married to the daughter) is like the 'tenth planet' i.e., totally apart from the existing nine planets (ग्रह). पूजाम् अपेक्षते - expects to be served and felicitated. If there is some slight lapse or lessening in the service or respect given (shown) to a son-in-law he becomes unhappy! For this reason he has been called 'वक्र' (crooked) and 'क्रूर' (cruel). जामाता - son-in-law; (masculine ऋ-कारान्त root जामातृ) nominative singular. दशमः ग्रह: - tenth planet. The nine planets - Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Rahu and Ketu. In this verse, the poet has created humor by calling a son-in-law the tenth planet that is residing in the कन्याराशि.
In simple words: This section explains the first verse. It defines words like 'crooked' and 'cruel'. It says a son-in-law, who lives in the 'Kanya Rashi' (Virgo sign), always expects to be honored. If he doesn't get enough respect, he becomes upset. The poet humorously calls him the "tenth planet" because of these qualities, distinguishing him from the usual nine planets.

Exam Tip: When analyzing such detailed explanations, focus on understanding the etymology of words (like 'Kanya Rashi' and 'Jamata') and the cultural or astrological references that provide context to the humor or satire in the shloka.

 

અનુવાદઃ હંમેશાં વાંકો, હંમેશાં ક્રૂર (અને) હંમેશાં કન્યા રાશિમાં રહેલો (તે) હંમેશાં આદર-સત્કારની અપેક્ષા રાખે છે! (આવો) જમાઈ દસમો ગ્રહ છે!

Answer:

શબ્દાર્થ: - વક્રી-વાંકો, વાંક્લુથી યુક્ત, કઠોર. ક્રૂર: - કઠોર. કન્યારાશિસ્થિતઃ - કન્યા રાશિમાં રહેલો; જ્યોતિષશાસ્ત્ર અનુસાર રાશિઓ બાર છે : મેષ, વૃષભ, મિથુન, કર્ક, સિંહ, કન્યા, તુલા, વૃશ્ચિક, ધન, મકર, કુંભ અને મીન. કવિએ જ્યોતિષશાસ્ત્રના આ રાશિચક્રની “કન્યા રાશિ'માં રહેલા (કન્યાને પરણેલા) જમાઈને નવ ગ્રહો ઉપરાંતનો “દસમો ગ્રહ' કહ્યો છે. પૂજાપેક્ષતે - આદર-સત્કારની અપેક્ષા રાખે છે; જો જમાઈના સ્વાગત, સત્કારમાં કંઈ ભૂલ રહી જાય, તો તે નારાજ થઈ જાય છે! આ કારણે તેને 'વક્ર' અને 'ક્રૂર' કહ્યો છે. જામાતા - જમાઈ, દીકરીનો પતિ; જામાતૃ - ઋ-કારાન્ત પું. નામનું પ્રથમા એકવચન. દશમઃ ગ્રહ: - દસમો ગ્રહ-સૂર્ય, ચંદ્ર, મંગળ, બુધ, બૃહસ્પતિ, શુક્ર, શનિ, રાહુ અને કેતુ વગેરે નવ ગ્રહો છે. આ શ્લોકમાં કવિએ જમાઈને કન્યા રાશિમાં રહેલો દસમો ગ્રહ કહીને વિનોદપૂર્ણ વ્યંગ્ય (કટાક્ષ) કર્યો છે.
In simple words: This Gujarati explanation covers the meaning of the first verse. It describes the son-in-law as always crooked and cruel, residing in the 'Kanya Rashi'. He consistently expects respect and honor. If there's any small mistake in his welcome, he becomes angry. The poet calls him the "tenth planet" to make a funny, sarcastic comment, comparing him to the existing nine planets.

Exam Tip: Understanding the Gujarati explanation is important for students from the Gujarat Board. It helps in grasping the specific cultural nuances and the poet's satirical intent behind the shloka, especially regarding the 'tenth planet' analogy.

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