GSEB Class 8 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 3 प्रहेलिकाः

1. Pronounce the Following Words Correctly:

(1) काकोऽयम्
(2) पन्नगः
(3) अजस्रम्
(4) स्फुटवक्ता
(5) पर्वताग्रे
(6) भोजनान्ते

 

Question 1. एकचक्षुः कः अस्ति?
Answer: काकः एकचक्षुः अस्ति। The crow has only one eye. કાગડો એક આંખવાળો છે.
In simple words: The answer to the riddle is a crow, which is known for having one eye.

Exam Tip: For riddles, identify key characteristics from the question and match them to common objects or beings. In this case, "one eye" points to a crow.

 

Question 2. कः धान्यभक्षणं करोति?
Answer: हलं धान्यभक्षणं करोति। A plough consumes grains. હળ ધાન્યનું ભક્ષણ કરે છે.
In simple words: The plough, as it works in the fields, takes in and processes grains.

Exam Tip: Remember that riddles often use metaphorical language. "Consumes grains" for a plough refers to its function in farming.

 

Question 3. सारथिः कुत्र तिष्ठति ?
Answer: सारथिः भूमौ तिष्ठति। The charioteer stays on the ground. સારથિ જમીન ઉપર ઊભો છે.
In simple words: The driver of the chariot stands on the earth, operating the vehicle.

Exam Tip: When translating from Sanskrit, ensure correct verb conjugations and spatial prepositions. "On the ground" is a literal translation.

 

Question 4. रथः कुत्र याति?
Answer: रथः पर्वताग्रे (पर्वतस्य अग्रभागे) याति। The chariot goes to the top of the mountain. રથ પર્વતની ટોચ પર જાય છે.
In simple words: The chariot moves towards the mountain peak.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to location-indicating words like "पर्वताग्रे" (on the top of the mountain) to get the correct meaning.

 

Question 5. रामेण का प्रेषिता?
Answer: रामेण सीतायै सुवर्णस्य मुद्रिका प्रेषिता। Lord Rama has sent a golden ring for Seeta. શ્રીરામે સીતાને સોનાની વીંટી મોકલી.
In simple words: Lord Rama sent a golden ring to Sita.

Exam Tip: Identify the sender, receiver, and object of action for such direct questions. "प्रेषिता" means "sent".

 

Question 6. जयन्तः कस्य पुत्रः?
Answer: जयन्तः शक्रस्य (इन्द्रस्य) पुत्रः। Jayanta is Shakra's (Indra's) son. જયંત શક્રનો (ઇન્દ્રનો) પુત્ર છે.
In simple words: Jayanta is the son of Shakra, who is another name for Indra.

Exam Tip: Be aware of different names for the same deity or character in Sanskrit texts, as they are often used interchangeably.

 

3. Fill in the Blanks Selecting Appropriate Word From the Brackets:
(i) चतुर्मुखः .................... अस्ति। (ब्रह्मा, विष्णुः, शङ्करः)
(ii) भोजनान्ते पेयम् .................... । (दुग्धम्, सुपम्, तक्रम्)
(iii) अपदः शब्दस्य अर्थः .................... । (सपादः, पादरहितः, पादः)
(iv) रथः .................... चलति। (वायुवेगेन, जलवेगेन, विद्युत्वेगेन)
(v) विष्णुपदं .................... प्रोक्तम्। (सुलभम्, उन्नतम्, दुर्लभम्)
Answer:
(i) चतुर्मुखः ब्रह्मा अस्ति।
(ii) भोजनान्ते तक्रम् पेयम्।
(iii) अपदः शब्दस्य अर्थः पादरहितः।
(iv) रथः वायुवेगेन चलति।
(v) विष्णुपदं दुर्लभम् प्रोक्तम्।
In simple words: For fill-in-the-blanks, choose the word that best completes the sentence based on the context of the riddle or topic.

Exam Tip: Read the entire sentence carefully and consider the meaning of all bracketed options before choosing the correct word.

 

4. Write the Following Shlokas in Good Handwriting:

1. भोजनान्ते दुर्लभम्॥
2. अपदो दूरगामी पण्डितः॥

 

Question. Write the full shlokas as given in the text.
Answer:
1. भोजनान्ते च किं पेयं जयन्तः कस्य वै सुतः। कथं विष्णुपदं प्रोक्तं तक्रं शक्रस्य दुर्लभम्।।
2. अपदो दूरगामी च साक्षरो न च पण्डितः। अमुखः स्फुटवक्ता च यो जानाति स पण्डितः।।
In simple words: The complete Sanskrit verses (shlokas) are provided as they appear in the original text.

Exam Tip: When asked to write shlokas, ensure accuracy in every word, letter, and diacritical mark for full credit.

 

5. Translate the Following English Words Into Sanskrit:
(i) after dinner
(ii) without mouth
(iii) one step
(iv) ring
(v) one who is going away
(vi) one who rides a bullock
Answer:
(i) after dinner – भोजनान्ते
(ii) without mouth – अमुखः, मुखरहितः
(iii) one step – पदम् एकम्
(iv) ring – मुद्रिका
(v) one who is going away – दूरगामी
(vi) one who rides a bullock – वृषारूढः
In simple words: We translate the given English phrases into their Sanskrit equivalents.

Exam Tip: Memorize common Sanskrit vocabulary related to daily life and descriptions to quickly provide accurate translations.

 

6. Here Are Some Conjuncts/Compounds Used in the Unit. Form Other Words Like Them:
(i) From वृष-वृषारूढः। In the same way - अश्व, गज, वृक्ष
(ii) From पदम्-पदमेकम्। In the same way - शब्दम्, वाक्यम्, गीतम्
(iii) From भोजन-भोजनान्ते। In the same way - दिन, निशा, वर्षा
(iv) From पर्वतः-पर्वताग्रे। In the same way - रथ, वृक्ष, कर
Answer:
(i) From 'वृष' – 'वृषारूढः'। In the same way:
From – अश्व – अश्वारूढः, गज – गजारूढः, वृक्ष – वृक्षारूढः।
(ii) From 'पदम्' – 'पदमेकम्'। In the same way:
From – शब्दम् – शब्दमेकम्, वाक्यम् - वाक्यमेकम्, गीतम् – गीतमेकम्।
(iii) From 'भोजन' – 'भोजनान्ते'। In the same way:
From – दिन – दिनान्ते, निशा – निशान्ते, वर्षा – वर्षान्ते।
(iv) From 'पर्वतः' – 'पर्वताग्रे'। In the same way:
From – रथ – रथाग्रे, वृक्ष – वृक्षाग्रे, कर – कराग्रे।
In simple words: We create new compound words by following the patterns shown in the examples provided, replacing the initial noun while keeping the suffix.

Exam Tip: Understand the grammatical structure of the given compound words (e.g., Tatpurusha compounds) to correctly form new ones.

 

Activity: प्रवृत्िः

• Find out a few prahelikas spoken in your native and write them.
• Get the good slogans/thoughts helping us to be healthy and make a collection.

 

Illustration:

1. अजीर्णे भोजनं विषम्।
મનીનેં બોગને વિમ્
पट न भराए चार खूणाा

 

Sanskrit Digest Std 8 GSEB प्रहेलिकाः Additional Questions and Answers

 

1. Answer the Following Questions in Sanskrit and English:

 

Question 1. पन्नगः किम् इच्छति?
Answer: पन्नगः बिलम् इच्छति। The snake wishes to enter the hole.
In simple words: The snake wants to go into its hole.

Exam Tip: Identify the subject (पन्नगः - snake) and the action (इच्छति - wishes) with its object (बिलम् - hole) for accurate translation.

 

Question 2. कः क्षीयते वर्धत च?
Answer: समुद्रः चन्द्रमाः वा क्षीयते वर्धते च। The sea or the moon wanes and waxes.
In simple words: Both the sea and the moon are observed to decrease and increase.

Exam Tip: Understand that "क्षीयते" means "wanes" or "decreases" and "वर्धते" means "waxes" or "increases" in Sanskrit.

 

Question 3. ब्रह्मदेवस्य कति मुखानि सन्ति?
Answer: ब्रह्मदेवस्य चत्वारि मुखानि सन्ति। Lord Brahma has four faces.
In simple words: Lord Brahma is known to have four faces.

Exam Tip: For numerical questions, recall the specific attributes associated with various deities in Hindu mythology.

 

Question 4. कः देवः वृषम् आरूढः (वृषारूढः) अस्ति?
Answer: भगवान् शङ्करः वृषम् आरूढः (वृषारूढः) अस्ति। Lord Shankara is sitting on a bull.
In simple words: Lord Shankara rides on a bull.

Exam Tip: Recognize the specific vehicles (वाहन) associated with different gods in Sanskrit texts.

 

Question 5. साक्षरः पुरुषः कीदृशः भवति?
Answer: साक्षरः पुरुषः पण्डितः भवति। A literate man becomes a scholar.
In simple words: A person who is literate is considered a scholar.

Exam Tip: Understand the meaning of "साक्षरः" (literate) and "पण्डितः" (scholar) in the context of the riddle.

 

Question 6. रथः कथं चलते?
Answer: रथः वायुवेगेन चलते। The chariot moves with the speed of wind.
In simple words: The chariot moves very quickly, like the wind.

Exam Tip: The word "वायुवेगेन" (with the speed of wind) is key to answering this riddle correctly.

 

Question 7. भोजनान्ते किं पेयम्?
Answer: भोजनान्ते तक्रं पेयम्। Buttermilk should be drunk at the end of a meal.
In simple words: After finishing a meal, buttermilk is the recommended drink.

Exam Tip: This riddle refers to traditional dietary practices, where buttermilk (तक्रं) is consumed post-meal for digestion.

 

Question 8. विष्णुपदं कथं प्रोक्तम्?
Answer: विष्णुपदं दुर्लभम् प्रोक्तम्। The name of Vishnu is difficult to obtain.
In simple words: The position or name of Vishnu is described as difficult to reach or get.

Exam Tip: "दुर्लभम्" means "difficult to obtain" or "rare", which is the central idea of this riddle.

 

Question 9. शक्रस्य (इन्द्रस्य) किं दुर्लभम् ?
Answer: शक्रस्य (इन्द्रस्य) अपि तकं दुर्लभम्। It is difficult for even Shakra (Indra) to get buttermilk.
In simple words: Even for Indra, getting buttermilk is said to be rare or hard.

Exam Tip: Riddles often use hyperbole. The difficulty for Indra to get buttermilk emphasizes the "दुर्लभम्" aspect for everyone.

 

2. Answer the Following Questions in One Sentence in English:

 

Question 1. Which bird is famous by the name 'Theat:' ?
Answer: The term 'एकचक्षुः' means the one with one eye. A crow is famously known by this name.
In simple words: A crow is known as 'Theat:' because it is described as having one eye.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the answer and the characteristic that makes the bird famous in the riddle.

 

Question 2. Why does the chariot not go forward even one step, though it moves with the speed of wind?
Answer: The chariot refers to the potter's wheel, which moves with the speed of wind. However, it spins round and round in one place, so it does not progress even one step.
In simple words: The chariot is actually a potter's wheel that spins fast but doesn't move forward because it stays in one spot.

Exam Tip: The key to this riddle is understanding the double meaning of "chariot" and its stationary, rotational movement.

 

Question 3. What is difficult to get even for Indra ?
Answer: Though Indra has all facilities and happiness, it is difficult to get buttermilk even for him.
In simple words: Even for Indra, who has everything, buttermilk is hard to obtain.

Exam Tip: The riddle highlights the paradox that something common can be considered rare even for the powerful, emphasizing the value of buttermilk in this context.

 

Question 4. Who is without feet but goes long distance ?
Answer: A written letter is without feet but goes long distances.
In simple words: A letter travels far without having any feet.

Exam Tip: This riddle plays on the concept of communication. A letter carries messages over long distances without physical movement itself.

 

3. Choose the Correct Option for the Answer of the Questions Given Below:

 

Question 1. एकचक्षुः कः अस्ति?
(a) काकः
(b) सूची
(c) काणः
(d) पन्नगः
Answer: (a) काकः
In simple words: The riddle describes something with one eye, and the crow (काकः) is often associated with this characteristic in riddles.

Exam Tip: For riddles, choose the option that best fits all the descriptive clues provided in the question.

 

Question 2. 'पन्नगः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः?
(a) सर्पः
(b) काकः
(c) समुद्रः
(d) चन्द्रमाः
Answer: (a) सर्पः
In simple words: The word 'पन्नगः' means 'snake'.

Exam Tip: Expand your Sanskrit vocabulary by learning synonyms for common words, which is useful for such questions.

 

Question 3. कः चतुर्मुखः अस्ति?
(a) ब्रह्मा
(b) महादेवः शङ्करः
(c) वृषः
(d) शिवः
Answer: (a) ब्रह्मा
In simple words: Brahma is the deity known for having four faces.

Exam Tip: Recall the specific attributes of various Hindu deities, such as the number of faces, to answer correctly.

 

Question 4. कः निर्जीवी निराहारी च अस्ति?
(a) शिलाखण्डः
(b) वृषः
(c) हलम्
(d) धान्यम्
Answer: (c) हलम्
In simple words: The plough (हलम्) is not alive and does not eat, matching the description.

Exam Tip: This riddle highlights the characteristics of inanimate objects. "निर्जीवी" means non-living, and "निराहारी" means one who doesn't eat.

 

Question 5. कः अपदः अस्ति?
(a) ग्रन्थः
(b) लिखितं पत्रम्
(c) लेखः
(d) सूर्यस्य सारथिः
Answer: (b) लिखितं पत्रम्
In simple words: A written letter (लिखितं पत्रम्) has no feet but can travel far.

Exam Tip: "अपदः" means "without feet". Identify which option fits this description while still having the ability to "travel" or convey information.

 

Question 6. अमुखः स्फुटवक्ता च कः वर्तते?
(a) लिखितं पत्रम्
(b) ग्रन्थः
(c) लेखः
(d) ईश्वरः
Answer: (a) लिखितं पत्रम्
In simple words: A written letter (लिखितं पत्रम्) does not have a mouth but can speak clearly through its message.

Exam Tip: "अमुखः" means "without mouth" and "स्फुटवक्ता" means "one who speaks clearly". A letter fulfills both conditions by conveying clear messages without a physical mouth.

 

Question 7. रथस्य चक्रं कीदृशम् अस्ति?
(a) यान्त्रिकं यानम्
(b) कुम्भकारस्य चक्रम्
(c) रेलयानम्
(d) हेलिकॉप्टरम्
Answer: (b) कुम्भकारस्य चक्रम्
In simple words: The riddle refers to the potter's wheel (कुम्भकारस्य चक्रम्), which is like a chariot's wheel.

Exam Tip: In riddles, a common object can be described using terms for something grander, such as calling a potter's wheel a "chariot's wheel."

 

Question 8. रथस्य सारथिः कुत्र तिष्ठति?
(a) पर्वते
(b) पर्वताग्रे
(c) भूमौ
(d) मार्गमध्ये
Answer: (c) भूमौ
In simple words: The charioteer (सारथिः) stands on the ground (भूमौ).

Exam Tip: This question tests knowledge about the position of the charioteer, a detail often found in classical Sanskrit texts.

 

Question 9. रामेण किं प्रेषितम् ?
(a) रजतमुद्रिका
(b) सुवर्णमुद्रिका
(c) कर्णिका
(d) सुवर्णकलिका
Answer: (b) सुवर्णमुद्रिका
In simple words: Lord Rama sent a golden ring (सुवर्णमुद्रिका).

Exam Tip: Recall the specific details from the epic Ramayana that are referenced in the riddles, such as the golden ring sent by Rama.

 

Question 10. जयन्तः .................... सुतः अस्ति।
(a) शक्रः
(b) शक्रे
(c) शुक्रस्य
(d) शक्रस्य
Answer: (d) शक्रस्य
In simple words: Jayanta is the son of Shakra.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the grammatical case required. "शक्रस्य" is in the genitive case, indicating possession ("of Shakra").

 

Question 11. 'साक्षरः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः अस्ति?
(a) सअक्षर
(b) साक्षरः
(c) सक्षरः
(d) सोक्षरः
Answer: (c) सक्षरः
In simple words: 'साक्षरः' means 'literate' or 'one with letters', which is equivalent to 'सक्षरः'.

Exam Tip: Be careful with subtle differences in Sanskrit spelling. "सक्षरः" is the precise term for being literate.

 

Question 12. 'बिलमिच्छन्न' – सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत।
(a) बिलो + इच्छन्न
(b) बिलः + इच्छन् + न
(c) बिलम् + इच्छन् + न
(d) बिलम् + इच्छेत् + न
Answer: (c) बिलम् + इच्छन् + न
In simple words: The correct way to break down the compound word 'बिलमिच्छन्न' is into 'बिलम्', 'इच्छन्', and 'न'.

Exam Tip: Practice Sanskrit Sandhi rules to correctly disjoin compound words into their constituent parts.

 

Question 13. 'सुतः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः अस्ति?
(a) Son
(b) Charioteer
(c) Cotton
(d) Pure
Answer: (a) Son
In simple words: The Sanskrit word 'सुतः' means 'son'.

Exam Tip: Learn basic Sanskrit vocabulary, especially kinship terms, to easily answer such direct meaning questions.

 

Question 14. 'साक्षरः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्द कः अस्ति?
(a) पण्डितः
(b) प्राज्ञः
(c) निरक्षरः
(d) सुज्ञः
Answer: (c) निरक्षरः
In simple words: The opposite of 'literate' (साक्षरः) is 'illiterate' (निरक्षरः).

Exam Tip: Understand prefixes like 'निर-' which often denote negation or absence, helping identify antonyms.

 

Question 15. 'शङ्करः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः अस्ति?
(a) ब्रह्मा
(b) विष्णुः
(c) वृषारूढः
(d) चतुर्मुखः
Answer: (c) वृषारूढः
In simple words: 'वृषारूढः', meaning 'one who rides a bull', is a synonym for Shankara, who is often depicted riding his bull Nandi.

Exam Tip: Synonyms often describe attributes or actions associated with a person or deity rather than just alternative names.

 

4. Fill in the Blanks by Selecting Proper Words From the Brackets:
(i) .................... निर्जीवी च निराहारी अस्ति। (सूचिः, हलम्, चक्रम्)
(ii) अमुखः शब्दस्य अर्थः .................... । (समुखः, सुमुखः, मुखरहितः)
(iii) .................... रथः याति। (समुद्राग्रे, पर्वताग्रे, भूम्याग्रे)
(iv) कुम्भकारस्य चक्रं .................... वेगेन चलति। (जल, मनो, वायु)
(v) जानकी .................... अस्ति। (ताम्रवर्णस्य, रजतवर्णस्य, सुवर्णस्य)
(vi) शक्रस्य .................... दुर्लभम् अस्ति। (अन्नम्, तक्रम्, जलम्)
Answer:
(i) हलम् निर्जीवी च निराहारी अस्ति।
(ii) अमुखः शब्दस्य अर्थः मुखरहितः अस्ति।
(iii) पर्वताग्रे रथः याति।
(iv) कुम्भकारस्य चक्रं वायुवेगेन चलति।
(v) जानकी सुवर्णस्य अस्ति।
(vi) शक्रस्य तक्रम् दुर्लभम् अस्ति।
In simple words: The blanks are filled with the correct words that complete each statement, based on the context of the riddles and Sanskrit vocabulary.

Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks, always consider both the meaning of the words and the grammatical correctness within the sentence structure.

 

5. Put a [✓] Against the True Statement and [ X ] a Against the False Statement Given Below:
(i) समुद्रः च चन्द्रमाः च क्षीयते वर्धते नैव।
(ii) शङ्करः कदापि वृषारूढः नैव वर्तते।
(iii) काकस्य द्वे चक्षुषी विद्यते।
(iv) ब्रह्मदेवस्य चत्वारि मुखानि सन्ति।
(v) पत्रं न साक्षरः न च पण्डितः वर्तते।
(vi) रथः जलवेगेन चलति।
(vii) जानकी सुवर्णस्य अस्ति।
Answer:
(i) समुद्रः च चन्द्रमाः च क्षीयते वर्धते नैव। [X]
(ii) शङ्करः कदापि वृषारूढः नैव वर्तते। [X]
(iii) काकस्य द्वे चक्षुषी विद्यते। [X]
(iv) ब्रह्मदेवस्य चत्वारि मुखानि सन्ति। [✓]
(v) पत्रं न साक्षरः न च पण्डितः वर्तते। [✓]
(vi) रथः जलवेगेन चलति। [X]
(vii) जानकी सुवर्णस्य अस्ति। [X]
In simple words: We mark statements as true or false based on their accuracy in relation to the Sanskrit text and general knowledge.

Exam Tip: Carefully read each statement and refer back to the context of the chapter's riddles or factual information to determine its truth value.

 

6. Find Out the True Meaning of the Given Sanskrit Words From the Given Options and Write:
(i) काकः – Krishna/crow
(ii) पन्नगः – snake/piece
(iii) बिलम् – one fruit/hole
(iv) अजस्रम् – constantly/momentary
(v) स्फुटवक्ता – who speaks in limit/who speaks frankly
(vi) शक्रः - doubt/ Indra
(vii) दूरगामी – one going a long distance / one going at day time
(viii) मुद्रिका – position/ring
Answer:
(i) काकः – crow
(ii) पन्नगः - snake
(iii) बिलम् – hole
(iv) अजस्रम् – constantly
(v) स्फुटवक्ता – who speaks frankly
(vi) शक्रः – Indra
(vii) दूरगामी – one going a long distance
(viii) मुद्रिका – ring
In simple words: The correct meanings for each Sanskrit word are selected from the given options.

Exam Tip: Focus on distinguishing between close meanings or common misconceptions to choose the most accurate definition.

 

7. Write Synonyms of Following Sanskrit Words:
(i) पन्नगः
(ii) चन्द्रमाः
(iii) शङ्करः
(iv) सुवर्णम्
(v) बिलम्
(vi) सारथिः
Answer:
(i) पन्नगः = सर्पः, अहिः, भुजङ्गः
(ii) चन्द्रमाः = शशी, सोमः, निशाकरः
(iii) शङ्करः = शिवः, वृषारूढः, आशुतोषः
(iv) सुवर्णम् = काञ्चनम्, हेमः, कनकम्
(v) बिलम् = दरः
(vi) सारथिः = सूतः, रथिन्
In simple words: We provide alternative words that have similar meanings for each Sanskrit term.

Exam Tip: Building a strong vocabulary of Sanskrit synonyms helps in understanding nuances and performing well in language-based questions.

 

8. Write Opposites of Following Sanskrit Words:
(i) साक्षरः
(ii) दूरगामी
(iii) निराहारी
(iv) पण्डितः
(v) अग्रः
(vi) दुर्लभम्
Answer:
(i) साक्षरः x निरक्षरः
(ii) दूरगामी x सन्निकर्षी
(iii) निराहारी x अत्याहारी
(iv) पण्डितः x मूर्खः, अज्ञः
(v) अग्रः x पश्चात्
(vi) दुर्लभम् x सुलभम्
In simple words: We list words that have opposite meanings to the given Sanskrit terms.

Exam Tip: Understanding common prefixes and suffixes that indicate negation or opposition can assist in finding antonyms.

 

9. Recognize the Following Nouns and Roots:
(i) शङ्करः
(ii) पदम्
(iii) सुवर्णस्य
(iv) रामेणः
(v) वर्धते
(vi) गच्छति
Answer:
(i) शङ्करः – शङ्कर – अ-कारान्त Masculine, Nominative Singular.
(ii) पदम् – पद – अ-कारान्त Neutor, Nominative, Accusative Singular.
(iii) सुवर्णस्य- सुवर्ण – अ-कारान्त Masculine; Genetive Singular.
(iv) रामेणः – राम – अ-कारान्त Masculine Instrumental Singular.
(v) वर्धते – वृध्-व: root, (१ आ.) Aatmanepadi Present Tense Third Person Singular.
(vi) गच्छति – गम्-गच्छ root, (१ प.) Parasmaipadi Present Tense Third Person Singular.
In simple words: We identify the base form, ending, gender, case, and number for nouns, and the root, conjugation, tense, person, and number for verbs.

Exam Tip: Thoroughly learn the declensions of nouns and conjugations of verbs in Sanskrit grammar to correctly analyze their forms.

 

10. Disjoin the Following Words:
(i) पर्वताग्रे
(ii) चैव
(iii) बिलमिच्छन्न
(iv) समुद्रो न
Answer:
(i) पर्वताग्रे – पर्वत + अग्रे
(ii) चैव – च + एव
(iii) बिलमिच्छन्न – बिलम् + इच्छन् + न
(iv) समुद्रो न – समुद्रः + न
(v) वृषारूढः – वृष + आरूढः
(vi) चतुर्मुखः – चतुः + मुखः
In simple words: Each compound word is broken down into its original constituent words according to Sandhi rules.

Exam Tip: Practice different types of Sandhi (vowel, consonant, visarga) to correctly separate joined words.

 

11. Join the Following Words:
(i) अपदः + दूरगामी
(ii) सः + पण्डितः
(iii) पदम् + एकम्
(iv) सः + अक्षरः
(v) काकः + अयम्
Answer:
(i) अपदः + दूरगामी – अपदो दूरगामी
(ii) सः + पण्डितः – स पण्डितः
(iii) पदम् + एकम् – पदमेकम्
(iv) सः + अक्षरः – साक्षरः
(v) काकः + अयम् – काकोऽयम्
In simple words: The individual words are combined to form single compound words following Sanskrit Sandhi rules.

Exam Tip: Be familiar with common Sandhi rules, such as those involving visarga, to accurately join words.

 

12. Translate the Following Verses in English and Write in Your Notebook Neatly:
(i) चतुर्मुखो न च ब्रह्मा वृषारूढो न शङ्करः। निर्जीवी च निराहारी अजस्रं धान्यभक्षणम्।।
(ii) प्राषता तव रामण सुवणस्य च मुद्रिका ।।
Answer:
(i) He has four faces, but is not (Lord) Brahma. He sits on a bull but is not (Lord) Shankara. He is non-living and eats nothing, but still regularly consumes grains.
(ii) O! (You) of the noble family, Janaka's daughter, Seetā! Lord Rāma of the greatest family has sent this ring made of gold with lustrous colour for you. (This appears to be a fragment of a verse.)
In simple words: The Sanskrit verses are translated into English, conveying their meaning directly.

Exam Tip: Break down the verses into smaller phrases, translate each part, and then combine them for a coherent and accurate translation.

 

Pralehika: Summary in English

Besides subhashitas which give us knowledge about ethical behavior, riddles, puzzles, and problem-provoking verses hold an important place in Sanskrit literature. To keep the secret of the scholars hidden in humorous words or to confuse others, intelligent learned men often use riddles.

In this chapter, shloka number 6 contains an answer within the shloka itself. Such shlokas are known as अन्तरालाप. Shlokas where there is no internal answer are called बहिरालाप.

अन्वयः, शब्दार्थाः, अनुवादः उत्तरं च

 

1. एकचक्षुर्न काकोऽयं न चन्द्रमाः ।।
Answer: This riddle describes something that possesses one eye but is not a crow. It wishes to enter a hole but is not a snake. It also appears to decrease and increase (wane and wax) but is neither the sea nor the moon. The answer is a needle (सूचिः). A needle has a single 'eye' (hole), wants to enter a 'hole' (torn fabric), and its visible length seems to diminish when it enters the cloth and expand when it comes out during stitching.
In simple words: This riddle is about a needle. It has a hole (eye), goes into cloth (hole), and its length appears to change as it stitches.

Exam Tip: When solving riddles, carefully examine both positive and negative clues to pinpoint the correct object or concept. Look for unusual characteristics or metaphors.

 

2. चतुर्मुखो न ............ धान्यभक्षणम्।।
Answer: This riddle refers to something that has four faces but is not Lord Brahma. It sits on a bull but is not Lord Shankara. It is non-living and does not consume food, yet it regularly consumes grains. The answer is a plough (हलम्). A plough often appears to have four sides or faces. It is pulled by an ox (bull), is an inanimate tool, and helps consume grains by preparing the field for their growth.
In simple words: This riddle describes a plough. It has four sides, is pulled by a bull, does not eat, but helps to process grain.

Exam Tip: Consider the literal and metaphorical meanings of words in riddles. "Consumes grains" might mean 'facilitates the consumption' rather than 'eats directly'.

 

3. अपदो दूरगामी ............ स पण्डितः ॥
Answer: The riddle speaks of something without feet that travels long distances, is literate but not a scholar, and speaks clearly without a mouth. Whoever correctly identifies this is considered wise. The answer is a written letter (लिखितम् पत्रम्). A letter does not have feet but can travel far. It contains letters (is literate) but is not a learned person, and it conveys clear messages without speaking aloud.
In simple words: This riddle describes a written letter. It travels far without feet, contains writing, and communicates clearly without a mouth.

Exam Tip: For riddles involving descriptions of actions, think about common objects or concepts that fit those actions metaphorically rather than literally.

 

4. पर्वताग्रे रथो ............ न गच्छति।।
Answer: This riddle explains that a chariot moves on a mountain peak, its charioteer remains on the ground, and it travels with the speed of wind but does not advance even one step. The answer is the potter's wheel (कुम्भकारस्य चक्रम्). A potter's wheel is positioned on a raised platform (like a mountain peak). The potter, who is the charioteer, sits on the ground and spins the wheel very quickly like the wind. However, the wheel itself stays in one place and does not move forward.
In simple words: This riddle is about a potter's wheel. It sits high, is operated by someone on the ground, spins fast like wind, but stays in one spot.

Exam Tip: When a riddle describes fast movement without forward progress, consider circular motion or objects that spin in place, such as a wheel or top.

 

5. सुवर्णस्य ............ मुद्रिका।।
Answer: This riddle presents a message from Hanuman to Sita, who is held captive by Ravana in Ashoka Vatika. Hanuman conveys that Lord Rama has sent a golden ring of lustrous color for her. The word "सुवर्णस्य" is cleverly used in this verse, possessing four different meanings: 'of noble family', 'of a great family', 'of lustrous color', and 'of gold'. This skillful use of a single word with multiple interpretations showcases a poetic device called 'pun' (श्लेषालंकार), adding beauty to the composition.
In simple words: This riddle uses the word "सुवर्णस्य" in a clever way. It has four different meanings like noble, great, lustrous, and gold, all within Hanuman's message about Sita's golden ring.

Exam Tip: In literary riddles, be aware of wordplay and figures of speech like 'pun'. Often, the solution relies on understanding how a single word can have multiple meanings depending on context.

 

6. भोजनान्ते च ............ दुर्लभम्।।
Answer: This riddle is an example of an 'antaralapa' (internal answer type) where the solutions to the first three questions are ingeniously found within the fourth line (चरण) of the shloka itself. The riddle asks:
1. What should be consumed after a meal? Buttermilk.
2. Whose son is Jayanta? Indra's son.
3. How is Vishnu's name (or position) described? Difficult to attain.
The solution indicates that buttermilk (तक्रम्) is what should be consumed, Jayanta is Indra's (शक्रस्य) son, and Vishnu's position (विष्णुपदम्) is difficult to get (दुर्लभम्).
In simple words: This riddle has its answers hidden within itself. It asks what to drink after a meal (buttermilk), whose son Jayanta is (Indra's), and how Vishnu's position is described (difficult to reach).

Exam Tip: For 'antaralapa' riddles, remember that the answer is literally hidden within the text of the riddle. Carefully dissect each part of the riddle to find the corresponding hidden answers.

 

Pralehika: Summary in Gujarati

સંસ્કૃત સાહિત્યમાં વ્યાવહારિક જ્ઞાન આપનાર સુભાષિતો ઉપરાંત પ્રહેલિકાઓ - ઉખાણાં (સમસ્યાશ્વોકો) પણ અગત્યનું સ્થાન ધરાવે છે. તે બહુ જ લોકપ્રિય કાવ્યપ્રકાર છે. વિદ્વાનોની વિનોદગોષ્ઠીઓમાં રહસ્યને ગુપ્ત રાખવા કે લોકોને ભ્રમમાં નાખવા પ્રહેલિકાઓનો પ્રયોગ થાય છે.

આ પાઠનો શ્વોક ક્ર. 6 અંતરાલાપ પ્રકારની પ્રહેલિકા છે. આવી પ્રહેલિકામાં ઉત્તર શ્વોકની અંદર જ સમાયેલો હોય છે. ઉત્તર શ્વોકમાં સમાયેલો ન હોય તેવી પ્રહેલિકા બહિરાલાપ પ્રહેલિકા કહેવાય છે.