GSEB Class 8 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 2 चित्रपदानि 2

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given in the brackets :
(i) __________ गजाः। (एषः, एषा, एते)
(ii) __________ शशकाः। (सः, ते, एतत्)
(iii) एताः __________। (शाला, गजाः, अजाः)
(iv) ताः __________। (पुस्तकानि, बाला, चटकाः)
(v) तानि __________। (पात्रम्, पात्राणि, महिलाः)
(vi) __________ शिक्षिकाः। (अहम्, आवाम्, वयम्)
(vii) __________ सर्वे सैनिकाः स्थ। (यूयम्, वयम्, ते)
(viii) एते __________। (छात्रः, छात्रौ, छात्राः)
(ix) एतानि __________। (पुष्पम्, पुष्पाणि, पुष्पे)
(x) __________ बालकाः। (सः, एते, यूयम्)
Answer:
(i) एते गजाः।
(ii) ते शशकाः।
(iii) एताः अजाः।
(iv) ताः चटकाः।
(v) तानि पात्राणि।
(vi) वयम् शिक्षिकाः।
(vii) यूयम् सर्वे सैनिकाः स्थ।
(viii) एते छात्राः।
(ix) एतानि पुष्पाणि।
(x) यूयम् बालकाः।
In simple words: To fill in the blanks, you must choose the correct pronoun or noun that matches the gender and number of the words around it. For instance, 'एते' is for masculine plural things like 'गजाः' (elephants), and 'अजाः' (goats) goes with 'एताः' because it is feminine plural.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and number (singular, dual, plural) of the nouns to select the correct corresponding pronoun or noun form.

2. Translate the following sentences in Sanskrit :
(i) Those are elephants.
(ii) That is a peacock.
(iii) I am a man.
(iv) Those are women.
(v) We are teachers.
(vi) This is lion.
(vii) These are goats.
(viii) Those are vessels.
(ix) These are books.
(x) Those are sparrows.
(xi) You (all) are children.
Answer:
(i) ते गजाः।
(ii) सः मयूरः (अस्ति)।
(iii) अहं युवकः (अस्मि)।
(iv) ताः महिलाः (सन्ति)।
(v) वयं शिक्षिकाः (स्मः)।
(vi) एषः सिंहः (अस्ति)।
(vii) एताः अजाः (सन्ति)।
(viii) तानि पात्राणि (सन्ति)।
(ix) एतानि पुस्तकानि (सन्ति)।
(x) ताः चटकाः (सन्ति)।
(xi) यूयं बालकाः (स्थ)।
In simple words: When translating sentences into Sanskrit, it's important to use the proper pronouns and verb forms that agree with the subject's number and gender. For example, 'ते' is for 'those' (masculine plural) and 'तानि' is for 'those' (neuter plural).

Exam Tip: Ensure that the demonstrative pronouns (like 'एषः', 'सः', 'एते', 'ते', 'एताः', 'ताः', 'एतानि', 'तानि') match the gender and number of the noun they are referring to.

3. Choose the correct option for the answer of each of the questions given below:

Question 1. एते –
(a) all of these
(b) all of them
(c) all of those
(d) all that
Answer: (a) all of these
In simple words: 'एते' is a Sanskrit pronoun that means 'these' or 'all of these', typically used for masculine plural subjects.

Exam Tip: Remember that 'एते' is a masculine plural demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these'.

Question 2. शशकः
(a) the moon
(b) a rabbit
(c) father in law
(d) a lake
Answer: (b) a rabbit
In simple words: The Sanskrit word 'शशकः' directly translates to 'a rabbit' in English.

Exam Tip: Learn key vocabulary words for animals to quickly identify their meanings in Sanskrit.

Question 3. हंसाः
(a) he laughed
(b) they laughed
(c) aquatic animals
(d) swans
Answer: (d) swans
In simple words: 'हंसाः' is the plural form of 'हंस', which means 'swan'. Thus, 'हंसाः' means 'swans'.

Exam Tip: Recognize plural forms of nouns, especially for common animals, to understand their collective meaning.

Question 4. ताः
(a) that
(b) all of those
(c) all these
(d) it
Answer: (b) all of those
In simple words: 'ताः' is a Sanskrit pronoun used for feminine plural subjects, meaning 'those' or 'all of those'.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between singular and plural forms of demonstrative pronouns for feminine nouns (e.g., 'सा' for singular, 'ताः' for plural).

Question 5. यूयम् -
(a) I
(b) He
(c) You are
(d) We are
Answer: (c) You are
In simple words: 'यूयम्' is a second-person plural pronoun in Sanskrit, meaning 'you all' or simply 'you are' in this context.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with personal pronouns like 'अहम्' (I), 'वयम्' (we), 'त्वम्' (you singular), and 'यूयम्' (you plural).

Question 6. We –
(a) एतानि
(b) वयं (वयम्)
(c) यूयं (यूयम्)
(d) तानि
Answer: (b) वयं (वयम्)
In simple words: The Sanskrit word for 'We' is 'वयं' (or वयम्). This is the first-person plural pronoun.

Exam Tip: Know the Sanskrit equivalents for common English pronouns like 'I', 'we', 'you', and 'they'.

Question 7. __________ बालिकाः।
(a) एतत
(b) एषा
(c) ते
(d) ताः
Answer: (d) ताः
In simple words: Since 'बालिकाः' means 'girls' (feminine plural), the correct demonstrative pronoun to use is 'ताः', which means 'those' and is also feminine plural.

Exam Tip: Always ensure the demonstrative pronoun agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. 'बालिकाः' is feminine plural, so 'ताः' is the appropriate choice.

Question 8. Which case (Vibhakti) is ablative (apadan) case (Vibhakti)?
(a) तृतीया
(b) चतुर्थी
(c) पञ्चमी
(d) सप्तमी
Answer: (c) पञ्चमी
In simple words: In Sanskrit grammar, the ablative case, which shows separation or 'from where', is recognized as the fifth case or 'पञ्चमी Vibhakti'.

Exam Tip: Memorize the names and functions of the seven Sanskrit cases (Vibhaktis) and their corresponding numbers.

Question 9. Write Sanskrit word of Vessel'.
(a) चटका
(b) मेष:
(c) चषक:
(d) पात्रम्
Answer: (d) पात्रम्
In simple words: The accurate Sanskrit word for 'vessel' is 'पात्रम्'. The other options refer to different objects.

Exam Tip: Build a strong vocabulary of common nouns and their Sanskrit equivalents to answer direct translation questions correctly.

Question 10. एताः __________।
(a) चित्राणि
(b) हंसाः
(c) महिला:
(d) गजाः
Answer: (c) महिला:
In simple words: The pronoun 'एताः' means 'these' and is used with feminine plural nouns. Among the given choices, 'महिलाः' (women) is the only feminine plural noun that correctly fits.

Exam Tip: Always match the gender and number of the pronoun with the noun it refers to. 'एताः' is feminine plural, so it requires a feminine plural noun.

4. Find the odd words from the given words and write:

Question 1. बालिका, अजा, महिला, शिक्षिका
Answer: अजा
In simple words: 'अजा' means 'goat', which is an animal. The other words—'बालिका' (girl), 'महिला' (woman), and 'शिक्षिका' (teacher)—all refer to human females.

Exam Tip: To find the odd word, categorize the items based on shared characteristics like living vs. non-living, human vs. animal, or gender.

Question 2. अश्वः, गजः, स्थालिका, श्वानः
Answer: स्थालिका
In simple words: 'स्थालिका' means 'plate', which is an inanimate object. 'अश्वः' (horse), 'गजः' (elephant), and 'श्वानः' (dog) are all animals.

Exam Tip: Consider if the words are animate (living) or inanimate (non-living) to determine the outlier.

Question 3. वातायनम्, चित्रम्, द्वारम्, सैनिकाः
Answer: सैनिकाः
In simple words: 'सैनिकाः' means 'soldiers', which are people. 'वातायनम्' (window), 'चित्रम्' (picture), and 'द्वारम्' (door) are all objects or parts of a building.

Exam Tip: Identify if the words represent people, places, or things to easily spot the one that does not belong.

Question 4. पात्रम्, विमानम्, बालिका, व्यजनम्
Answer: बालिका
In simple words: 'बालिका' means 'girl', which is a person. 'पात्रम्' (vessel), 'विमानम्' (aeroplane), and 'व्यजनम्' (fan) are all inanimate objects.

Exam Tip: A quick way to find the odd one out is to group words by their category, such as 'human beings', 'animals', or 'objects'.

Question 5. मुद्रा, धनम्, सेवफलम्, रुप्यकम्
Answer: सेवफलम्
In simple words: 'सेवफलम्' means 'apple', which is a fruit. 'मुद्रा' (currency), 'धनम्' (wealth), and 'रूप्यकम्' (rupee) are all related to money or value.

Exam Tip: Look for a common theme among most words, and the one that deviates from this theme is likely the odd one out.

Question 6. षट्सप्ततिः, दशवादनम्, पञ्चाशत्, षष्टिः
Answer: दशवादनम्
In simple words: 'दशवादनम्' means 'ten o'clock', indicating a time. 'षट्सप्ततिः' (seventy-six), 'पञ्चाशत्' (fifty), and 'षष्टिः' (sixty) are all numbers.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between numbers and expressions of time or other concepts when classifying Sanskrit terms.

Question 7. प्रार्थना, अभ्यासः, शयनम्, कथाश्रवणम्
Answer: शयनम्
In simple words: 'शयनम्' means 'sleeping', which is a physical state. 'प्रार्थना' (prayer), 'अभ्यासः' (practice), and 'कथाश्रवणम्' (listening to stories) are all activities or actions.

Exam Tip: Consider if the words denote an action, a state, or a type of activity to find the dissimilar term.

5. Write English Meaning of Following Words

• गजः- Elephant
• शशकाः – Rabbit
• एते – These (all)
• तानि – Those
• वयम् - we
• चटका – Sparrow
• ता:- That
• ते – They (all)

6. Translate the following sentences in English:

Question 1. त्वं छात्रः।
Answer: You are student.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'त्वं छात्रः' translates to 'You are a student'. 'त्वं' means 'you' and 'छात्रः' means 'student'.

Exam Tip: Remember that 'त्वं' is the singular informal 'you' in Sanskrit.

Question 2. अहम् अध्यापिका।
Answer: I am teacher.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'अहम् अध्यापिका' means 'I am a teacher'. 'अहम्' translates to 'I' and 'अध्यापिका' means 'teacher' (feminine).

Exam Tip: Note the ending '-आ' in 'अध्यापिका', which indicates a feminine noun for 'teacher'.

Question 3. तानि चित्राणि।
Answer: Those are pictures.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'तानि चित्राणि' translates to 'Those are pictures'. 'तानि' refers to 'those' (neuter plural), and 'चित्राणि' means 'pictures'.

Exam Tip: For neuter plural nouns, 'तानि' is used for 'those', while 'एतानि' is used for 'these'.

Question 4. एते गजाः।
Answer: These are elephants.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'एते गजाः' translates to 'These are elephants'. 'एते' means 'these' (masculine plural), and 'गजाः' means 'elephants'.

Exam Tip: 'एते' is the masculine plural demonstrative pronoun for 'these'.

Question 5. ते शशकाः।
Answer: Those are rabbits.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'ते शशकाः' translates to 'Those are rabbits'. 'ते' means 'those' (masculine plural), and 'शशकाः' means 'rabbits'.

Exam Tip: 'ते' can be masculine plural for 'those' or neuter plural for 'those'; context helps clarify.

Question 6. ताः अजाः।
Answer: Those are goats.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'ताः अजाः' translates to 'Those are goats'. 'ताः' means 'those' (feminine plural), and 'अजाः' means 'goats'.

Exam Tip: 'ताः' is specifically used for feminine plural nouns when referring to 'those'.

Question 7. एतानि पुस्तकानि।
Answer: These are books.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'एतानि पुस्तकानि' translates to 'These are books'. 'एतानि' means 'these' (neuter plural), and 'पुस्तकानि' means 'books'.

Exam Tip: Remember to use 'एतानि' for 'these' when referring to neuter plural nouns.

Question 8. यूयं सैनिकाः।
Answer: You (all) are soldiers.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'यूयं सैनिकाः' translates to 'You all are soldiers'. 'यूयं' means 'you all' (plural), and 'सैनिकाः' means 'soldiers'.

Exam Tip: Distinguish 'यूयं' (you all) from 'वयं' (we all) when translating pronouns.

Question 9. वयं महिलाः।
Answer: We (all) are women.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'वयं महिलाः' translates to 'We all are women'. 'वयं' means 'we', and 'महिलाः' means 'women'.

Exam Tip: 'वयं' is the first-person plural pronoun for 'we'.

Question 10. वयं बालकाः।
Answer: We are boys.
In simple words: The Sanskrit phrase 'वयं बालकाः' translates to 'We are boys'. 'वयं' means 'we', and 'बालकाः' means 'boys'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the plural form 'बालकाः' which means 'boys'.

7. Watch the given pictures and write the correct Sanskrit words under each :

Question (1)
Answer: मयूराः
In simple words: The picture shows multiple peacocks, and the Sanskrit word for 'peacocks' (plural) is 'मयूराः'.

Exam Tip: Observe the number of subjects in the picture to determine if a singular or plural Sanskrit word is needed.

Question (2)
Answer: हंसाः
In simple words: The picture displays several swans, and the Sanskrit word for 'swans' (plural) is 'हंसाः'.

Exam Tip: Ensure you know the plural forms of common animal names in Sanskrit.

Question (3)
Answer: एतानि पुस्तकानि।
In simple words: The image shows a girl pointing at books. 'एतानि पुस्तकानि' means 'these books' (neuter plural).

Exam Tip: Combine the demonstrative pronoun with the noun, making sure they agree in gender and number.

Question (4)
Answer: तानि पात्राणि।
In simple words: The image shows a boy pointing at vessels. 'तानि पात्राणि' means 'those vessels' (neuter plural).

Exam Tip: Distinguish between 'एतानि' (these) and 'तानि' (those) for neuter plural nouns based on proximity shown in the picture.

Question (5)
Answer: चटकाः
In simple words: The picture shows two sparrows, and the Sanskrit word for 'sparrows' (feminine plural) is 'चटकाः'.

Exam Tip: Focus on the plural form of feminine nouns, often ending with 'आः'.

Question (6)
Answer: बालिकाः
In simple words: The image displays three girls, and the Sanskrit word for 'girls' (feminine plural) is 'बालिकाः'.

Exam Tip: Practice recognizing plural forms of feminine human nouns, which typically end in 'आः'.

Question (7)
Answer: सैनिकाः
In simple words: The picture shows three soldiers, and the Sanskrit word for 'soldiers' (masculine plural) is 'सैनिकाः'.

Exam Tip: Be aware of the plural endings for masculine nouns, such as '-आः' or '-औ' in some cases.

Question (8)
Answer: वयं बालकाः।
In simple words: The image displays a group of boys. If the speaker is part of the group, they would say 'वयं बालकाः', meaning 'we are boys'.

Exam Tip: When a group includes the speaker, use 'वयं' (we) with the plural noun for the group members.

Question (9)
Answer: एताः बालिकाः।
In simple words: The image shows a group of girls. 'एताः बालिकाः' means 'these girls' (feminine plural).

Exam Tip: Combine the appropriate feminine plural demonstrative pronoun 'एताः' with the feminine plural noun 'बालिकाः'.