GSEB Class 8 Sanskrit पुनरावर्तनम् - 1 Sem 1 Solutions

Gujarat Board Class 8 Sanskrit भाषासज्जता

Gseb Class 8 Sanskrit भाषासज्जता Questions And Answers

It is important that students gain knowledge and skills regarding the practical use of language. For this, it is essential to comprehend some unique characteristics of Sanskrit. Here, we will try to develop our abilities by studying just these aspects.

कृदन्तानि (Participles)

When the suffix 'za' is added to root forms (of verbs), 'कृदन्त's are created – \( (\text{कृत् } + \text{ अन्त}) \). To understand the usage of these words, let us first comprehend the helpful Gir's (gerunds or participles).

सम्बन्धक भूतकृदन्तम् (Gerund)

Read The Following Sentences:

\( (\text{१}) \) सः विद्यालयं गत्वा अभ्यासं करोति । (After going to the school he studies.)
\( (\text{२}) \) माला पुष्पाणि दृष्ट्वा तानि संचिनोति। (After seeing the flowers Mala collects them all.)
\( (\text{३}) \) शिक्षिका पुस्तकं पठित्वा कथां कथयति । (After reading the book, the teacher tells a story.)

In the sentences above, गत्वा, दृष्ट्वा and पठित्वा are gerunds \( (\text{सम्बन्धक भूतकृदन्त}) \). These words indicate an action that has already taken place. They then link it to an action that is currently happening, will happen, or has happened. Therefore, they are known as सम्बन्धक भूतकृदन्त. This कृदन्त is formed by adding the suffixes त्वा, इत्वा, ट्वा, etc., to the root form of the verb. Since these कृदन्त's form participles, they are also known as त्वान्त अव्यय's.

For verbs that have prefixes like प्र, परा, अप, सम्, आ, etc., written in front, the gerunds \( (\text{सम्बन्धक भूतकृदन्त}) \) are formed by adding the suffixes 'य' or 'त्य' instead of 'त्वा'. Such कृदन्त's are known as ल्यबन्त अव्यय; e.g., प्र \( + \) गम् - प्रगम्य, प्रगत्य; परा \( + \) जि – पराजित्य, आ \( + \) गम् - आगम्य, आगत्य, etc.

Translate The Following Sentences Into Sanskrit:

Answer:

• After going to the office Krishna Prasad converses.
  अनुवादः कृष्णप्रसादः कार्यालयं गत्वा वार्तालापं करोति।
• After listening to the song Radhikā experiences happiness.
  अनुवादः राधिका गीतं श्रुत्वा (आकर्ण्य) आनन्दम् अनुभवति।
• After taking a bath I drink milk.
  अनुवादः अहं स्नानं कृत्वा दुग्धं पिबामि।

In simple words: These are translations from English to Sanskrit, showing how sentences about actions and their consequences are structured in Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the correct cases and verb forms when translating, especially for actions happening sequentially.

हेत्वर्थ कृदन्तम् (Infinitive Of Purpose)

In everyday life, sentences like – “I want to do...” are used more frequently; e.g.,

• I want to go. (Wish to go.) – अहं गन्तुम् इच्छामि।
• She wants to play. – सा रन्तुम् (खेलितुम्) इच्छति।

• He is not able to see. (He cannot see.)- सः द्रष्टुम् न शक्नोति।

In the sentences above, the words गन्तुम्, रन्तुम्, खेलितुम् and द्रष्टुम् are known as हेत्वर्थ कृदन्त. When the suffixes तुम्, इतुम्, टुम्, धुम्, etc., are added to the root forms of verbs, this type of 'Grey' is formed. Therefore, this chG7 is known as तुमन्त अव्यय. This कृदन्त is also an अव्यय type of कृदन्त, similar to the सम्बन्धक भूतकृदन्त.

Some हेत्वर्थ कृदन्त's (Infinitives Of Purpose):

पा – पातुम् (to drink), दा – दातुम् (to give), गै- गातुम् (to sing), नी – नेतुम् (to take along), पठ् – पठितुम् (to read), क्रीड्- क्रीडितुम् (to play), चल् – चलितुम् (to walk), खाद् – खादितुम् (to eat), कथ् – कथयितुम् (to say), रच् – रचयितुम् (to create), etc.

Translate The Following Sentences Into Sanskrit:

Answer:

• He wants to take the examination.
  अनुवाद : सः (सा) परीक्षां दातुम् इच्छति।
• He wants to drink water.
  अनुवाद : सः (सा) पानीयं पातुम् इच्छति।
• I want to read a book.
  अनुवाद : अहं पुस्तकं पठितुम् इच्छामि।

In simple words: These translations demonstrate the use of infinitives of purpose in Sanskrit, showing how to express wanting to perform an action.

Exam Tip: Remember to use the correct infinitive form of the verb (ending in 'तुम्' or similar suffixes) when expressing purpose or desire in Sanskrit.

Activity

• Find and discuss the forms of infinitives \( (\text{हेत्वर्थ कृदन्त}) \) which are there in the textbook of Semester II in the class.

विध्यर्थ कृदन्तम् Or विध्यर्थ कर्मणि कृदन्तम् (Potential Participle)

Read And Understand The Following Sentences:

\( (\text{1}) \) Mother should always be respected. – माता सदा वन्दनीया।
\( (\text{2}) \) Truth should always be practised. – सत्यं सदा नाचरणीयम्।

\( (\text{3}) \) We should remember by heart. – मनसा सततं स्मरणीयम्। In the sentences above, the words वन्दनीया, आचरणीयम् and स्मरणीयम् are Potential passive participles. They are called विध्यर्थ कृदन्त's or विध्यर्थ कर्मणि कृदन्त's. This form changes its gender according to the noun it qualifies, i.e., according to the noun it is used for; e.g., वन्दनीयः worth-respecting पिता, वन्दनीया worth-respecting जननी, वन्दनीयम् worth-respecting तीर्थम्।

ह्यस्तन भूतकालः (प्रथम भूतकालः - The Simple Past Tense)

In Sanskrit, there are three types of Past Tenses: ह्यस्तन भूतकाल, परोक्ष भूतकाल and अद्यतन भूतकाल. Here, we have introduced only the front since it is more commonly used in everyday conversations.

Read The Following Sentences And Understand The Underlined Forms Of Verbs:

• एकदा सः द्रोणाचार्यस्य समीपम् अगच्छत् अवदत् च।
• शनैः शनैः सः कुशलः धनुर्धरः अभवत्।

The above sentences are taken from the lesson आत्म: श्रद्धायाः बलम्। The words अगच्छत्, अवदत् and अभवत्, which have been used in the above sentences, are forms of simple (or imperfect) past tense. Remember the following facts about these forms:

\( (\text{i}) \) The simple (or imperfect) past tense is used to talk about an action which has finished in the recent past.
\( (\text{ii}) \) The sign of ह्यस्तन भूतकाल is the prefix 'अ'. It is always written before the root of the verb.

\( (\text{iii}) \) Thus - \( \text{अ } + \text{ Root form of verb } + \text{ विकरण प्रत्यय } + \text{ Parasmaipadi / Atmanepadi inflection } = \text{ ह्यस्तन भूतकाल क्रिया} \)
e.g.,
\( \text{अ } + \text{ गच्छ् } + \text{ अ } + \text{ त् } = \text{ अगच्छत् } \) (he went / she went)
\( \text{अ } + \text{ भव् } + \text{ अ } + \text{ त् } = \text{ अभवत् } \) (it happened)
\( \text{अ } + \text{ वद् } + \text{ अ } + \text{ त् } = \text{ अवदत् } \) (he/she said)

अव्ययम् (Indeclinable)

The words which do not change \( (\text{अव्यय}) \) according to the gender of the noun or pronoun, the number of the noun / pronoun, tense of the verb or form of the adjective are called अव्यय (indeclinables). Generally, an अव्यय is used to present a point emphatically, ask a question or describe something vividly (in detail).

Given Below Are Some Indeclinables (अव्ययs) And Their Uses. Study Them:

\( (\text{1}) \) यदा ... तदा (when ... then ...)
यदा काकः आहारार्थं गच्छति तदा सर्पः एकं शावकं खादति।
\( (\text{2}) \) यदि ... तर्हि (if ... then ...)
यदि धनम् इच्छसि तर्हि परिश्रमं कुरु।
\( (\text{3}) \) यथा ... तथा (as ... so ...)
यथा राजा तथा प्रजा। यथा करिष्यसि तथा प्राप्स्यसि। (करिष्यसि – you will do, प्राप्स्यसि – you will get)
\( (\text{4}) \) अत्र ... तत्र (here ... there ...)
अत्र पुण्यं कुरु तत्र लभस्व।
\( (\text{5}) \) अपि (but, at the beginning of a sentence 'What ?')

• गुरुदेव, अहम् अपि (also) तव शिष्यः भवतुम् इच्छामि
  
• अपि भवान् सुखम् इच्छति?

\( (\text{6}) \) अन्यथा (otherwise, if not)
नय माम्, अन्यथा अहं त्वां खादिष्यामि।
\( (\text{7}) \) अधुना (now)
अधुना वयं सुखेन वसामः।
\( (\text{8}) \) अद्य (today)
अद्य सोमवासरः अस्ति।
\( (\text{9}) \) वा (or)
नदीजलेन कूपजलेन वा वृक्षस्य सेचनं भवति।
\( (\text{10}) \) सर्वदा (always)
अहं सर्वदा सत्यं वदामि।
\( (\text{11}) \) अन्यत्र (elsewhere)
जलस्य अभावे जनाः अन्यत्र गच्छन्ति।
\( (\text{12}) \) एव (the same, itself)
सन्तोषः एव पुरुषस्य परं निधानम्।
\( (\text{13}) \) उच्चैः (loudly)
विप्राः उच्चैः वेदपाठं कुर्वन्ति।
\( (\text{14}) \) नीचैः (softly, slowly)
मम भगिनी नीचैः भाषते।

\( (\text{15}) \) प्रति (towards; the noun towards which motion happens is written in accusative form.)
बालकाः विद्यालयं प्रति गच्छन्ति।

Sanskrit Digest Std 8 GSEB भाषासज्जता Additional Questions And Answers

1. Choose The Correct Option For The Answer Of The Questions Given Below:

Question 1. Which is the suffix of relative past participle?
(A) तुम्
(B) त्वा
(C) तम्
(D) अनीय
Answer: (B) त्वा
In simple words: The suffix 'त्वा' is used to form the relative past participle in Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: Remember common suffixes for different participle types to quickly identify them in a given word.

Question 2. Which is the suffix of infinitives of purpose?
(A) त्वा
(B) तुम्
(C) त
(D) अनीयम्
Answer: (B) तुम्
In simple words: The suffix 'तुम्' is used to create infinitives that show purpose, indicating 'to do something'.

Exam Tip: Infinitives of purpose answer the 'why' question and usually end in 'तुम्', so keep an eye out for this common ending.

Question 3. सा पुस्तकालयं गत्वा पुस्तकम् आनयति।- रेखाङ्कितः कृदन्तस्य प्रकार कः अस्ति?
(A) Relative past participle
(B) Potential participle
(C) Infinitive of purpose
(D) Passive past participle
Answer: (A) Relative past participle
In simple words: In the sentence, the underlined word is a relative past participle because it shows an action that happened before the main action, linking the two.

Exam Tip: Relative past participles often connect two actions performed by the same subject, with the participle's action happening first. Look for suffixes like 'त्वा'.

Question 4. 'आगम्य' शब्दस्य कृदन्तप्रकारः कः अस्ति?
(A) Passive past participle
(B) Infinitive of purpose
(C) Relative past participle
(D) Potential participle
Answer: (C) Relative past participle
In simple words: The word 'आगम्य' is a relative past participle, which is used to indicate an action that has been completed before another action occurs.

Exam Tip: Words like 'आगम्य' that end with 'य' often indicate a relative past participle, particularly when they derive from verbs with prefixes.

Question 5. 'अहं गन्तुम् इच्छामि।' – रेखाङ्कितस्य कृदन्तस्य प्रकारः कः अस्ति?
(A) Relative past participle
(B) Infinitive of purpose
(C) Potential participle
(D) Passive past participle
Answer: (B) Infinitive of purpose
In simple words: The underlined word in 'अहं गन्तुम् इच्छामि' is an infinitive of purpose, showing the reason or goal of the action.

Exam Tip: Infinitives of purpose in Sanskrit commonly end with 'तुम्' and express a desire or intention, similar to "to do" in English.

Question 6. 'सत्यं सदा आचरणीयम्।' – रेखाङ्कितस्य कृदन्तस्य प्रकारः कः अस्ति?
(A) Relative past participle
(B) Infinitive of purpose
(C) Potential participle
(D) Passive past participle
Answer: (C) Potential participle
In simple words: The word 'आचरणीयम्' in the given sentence is a potential participle, indicating something that should or ought to be done.

Exam Tip: Potential participles express obligation or suitability, often translating as 'should be' or 'fit to be' and typically end in 'अनीय' or 'तव्य'.

Question 7. ________ राजा तथा प्रजा। – रिक्तस्थाने उचितम् अव्ययपदं किम्?
(A) यदि
(B) अपि
(C) अत्र
(D) यथा
Answer: (D) यथा
In simple words: The correct indeclinable word to fill the blank is 'यथा', which means "as" or "just as," completing the phrase "As the king, so the subjects."

Exam Tip: When filling blanks with indeclinables, consider the context and the common pairs or relationships they form, such as 'यथा...तथा' (as...so).

Question 8. ________ वयं सुखेन वसामः। – रिक्तस्थाने उचितम् अव्ययपदं किम्?
(A) अद्य
(B) अन्यथा
(C) सर्वदा
(D) अधुना
Answer: (D) अधुना
In simple words: The appropriate indeclinable to complete the sentence is 'अधुना', which means "now," so the sentence means "Now we live happily."

Exam Tip: Indeclinables often denote time, place, or manner. Choose the one that best fits the sentence's intended meaning, such as 'अधुना' for the present moment.

Question 9. अधोदत्तेभ्यः धातुरूपेभ्यः ह्यस्तनभूतकाल अन्यपुरुष एकवचनस्य रूपं किम् अस्ति ?
(A) अवदत्
(B) अवदः
(C) अवदतम्
(D) अवदन्
Answer: (A) अवदत्
In simple words: From the given verb forms, 'अवदत्' is the correct singular form for the third person in the simple past tense (ह्यस्तनभूतकाल).

Exam Tip: For simple past tense forms, pay close attention to the prefixes (like 'अ') and the specific endings for each person and number to ensure accuracy.

Question 10. अधोदत्तेभ्यः धातुरूपेभ्यः ह्यस्तनभूतकाल अन्यपुरुष बहुवचनस्य रूपं किम् अस्ति ?
(A) अभवत्
(B) अभवाम
(C) अभवन्
(D) अभवत
Answer: (C) अभवन्
In simple words: Among the provided verb forms, 'अभवन्' is the correct plural form for the third person in the simple past tense (ह्यस्तनभूतकाल).

Exam Tip: Knowing the specific conjugations for different persons and numbers in each tense is crucial for selecting the correct verb form.

2. Write Relative Past Participle Of Following Roots:
Answer:
1. नम् – नत्वा (to bow – having bowed)
2. मन् – मत्वा (to think – having thought)
3. जि - जित्वा (to conquer – having conquered)
4. नी. – नीत्वा (to lead – having led)
5. रच् – रचायत्वा (to create – having created)
6. आ \( + \) गम् – आगम्य (to come – having come)
7. आ \( + \) नय् – आनीय (to bring – having brought)
8. प्र \( + \) नम् – प्रणम्य (to salute – having saluted)
In simple words: To form the relative past participle from these verb roots, you generally add suffixes like 'त्वा' or 'य' (for prefixed verbs), meaning "having done" the action.

Exam Tip: Remember to use 'त्वा' for simple roots and 'य' (or 'त्य') for roots that have a prefix, as this is a key rule for forming relative past participles.

3. Write Potential Participle Of Following Roots:
Answer:
1. वन्द् – वन्दनीयः, वन्दनीयम्, वन्दनीया (to salute – worthy of salutation, to be saluted)
2. आ \( + \) चर् – आचरणीयम्, आचरणीयः, आचरणीया (to practice – to be practised, worthy of practice)
3. पठ् – पठनीयः, पठनीयम्, पठनीया (to read – to be read, worthy of reading)
4. गम् (गच्छ) – गमनीयः, गमनीयम्, गमनीया (to go – to be gone to, accessible)
5. कथ् -कथनीयः, कथनीयम्, कथनीया (to tell – to be told, worthy of narration)
6. कृ – करणीयम्, करणीयः, करणीया (to do – to be done, obligatory)
In simple words: To create potential participles from these roots, you add suffixes like 'अनीय', which means the action "should be done" or "is worthy of being done", adjusting for gender.

Exam Tip: Potential participles often imply a sense of obligation, suitability, or possibility. Ensure the participle agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes.

4. Translate The Following Sentences In English:
Answer:
Question 1. सः पत्रं लिखित्वा बहिः अगच्छत्।
Answer: After writing letter he went out.
Question 2. अहं गन्तुम् इच्छामि।
Answer: I want to go.
Question 3. माता सदा वन्दनीया।
Answer: Mother is always admirable.
Question 4. अत्र अनेकानि चित्राणि सन्ति।
Answer: There are many pictures here.
Question 5. सन्तोषः एव पुरुषस्य परं निधानम्।
Answer: Satisfaction is the best treasure of a man.
In simple words: These translations help you understand the meaning of Sanskrit sentences in English, focusing on verbs, participles, and general sentence structure.

Exam Tip: Break down each Sanskrit sentence into subject, verb, and object, then look for any participles or indeclinables to translate accurately.

5. Translate The Following Sentences In Sanskrit:
Answer:
Question 1. He wants to give the examination.
उत्तर: सः (सा) परीक्षां दातुम् इच्छति।
Question 2. Today is Monday.
उत्तर: अद्य सोमवासरः (अस्ति)।
Question 3. My sister speaks slowly.
उत्तर: मम भगिनी नीचैः भाषते (वदति)।
Question 4. I want to read the book.
उत्तर: अहं पुस्तकं पठितुम् इच्छामि।
Question 5. After listening to the song, Radhika feels happiness.
उत्तर: राधिका गीतं श्रुत्वा (आकर्ण्य) आनन्दम् अनुभवति।
In simple words: These translations from English to Sanskrit show how to construct sentences correctly, using appropriate vocabulary and grammar for various situations.

Exam Tip: When translating into Sanskrit, first identify the tense and mood, then select the correct verb forms and indeclinables, ensuring agreement with the subject.

भाषाक्रीडा (The Game Of Language 1)

Note: Choosing a noun from the inner small the outer bigger circle match it with a verb from circle and frame sentences.

Example : त्वं पठसि।

Sentences:

• बालकाः लिखन्ति ।
• त्वं हससि ।
• यूयम् हसथ।
• सः लिखति।
• अहं पश्यामि।
• छात्राः खादन्ति।
• सः पश्यति।
• पर्णम् पतति।
• वयं वदामः।
• वयम् गच्छामः।
• छात्राः लिखन्ति।
• बालकाः पश्यन्ति।

भाषाक्रीडा (The Game Of Language 2)

Note: In the small square in the centre : श्यामः is given as the subject (doer). Join it with verbs and objects appropriately to frame new sentences.

Example : श्यामः धनं ददाति।

Sentences:

• श्यामः चित्रं पश्यति।
• श्यामः श्लोकं पठति।
• श्यामः प्रश्नं पृच्छति।
• श्यामः उद्यानं गच्छति।
• श्यामः वस्त्रम् आनयति।
• श्यामः दुग्धं पिबति।
• श्यामः काव्यं पठति।
• श्यामः धनं पश्यति।
• श्यामः वस्त्रं पश्यति।
• श्यामः श्लोकं ददाति।
• श्यामः धनम् आनयति।

Note: Other sentences of this type can be framed in Language Game 1 and 2.