GSEB Class 8 Gujarati Textbook Solutions Chapter 15 અખંડ ભારતના શિલ્પી

Akhand Bharatna Shilpi Abhyas

1. Choose the correct option for each of the following questions and mark it:

Question 1. Which incident shows Vallabhbhai's generosity?
(a) To send the elder brother to London for education
(b) Receiving a telegram about wife's demise during court proceedings
(c) To brand himself with a hot rod for an armpit boil
(d) Merger of princely states
Answer: (b) Receiving a telegram about the wife's death during court procedures
In simple words: The incident where Vallabhbhai received news of his wife's passing during court proceedings, yet continued his work, highlights his dedication and emotional control, which can be seen as a form of generosity towards his public duty.

Exam Tip: In such questions, look for actions that show a character's selflessness, kindness, or commitment to others, as these often illustrate generosity.

Question 2. What epithet did Harivansh Rai Bachchan give to Vallabhbhai?
(a) Leader of farmers
(b) Iron Man
(c) Brave Vallabhbhai
(d) Fearless voice of India
Answer: (d) Fearless voice of India
In simple words: Harivansh Rai Bachchan called Vallabhbhai the "fearless voice of India" because he always spoke his mind boldly.

Exam Tip: When asked about specific titles or epithets, recall the exact phrase used in the text to avoid misrepresentation.

Question 3. Who is not included in the trinity of our country?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Sardar Vallabhbhai
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Lal Bahadur Shastri
Answer: (d) Lal Bahadur Shastri
In simple words: Among the options given, Lal Bahadur Shastri is not part of the specific "trinity" mentioned in the context of the freedom movement.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to negative questions (e.g., "who is not included") and carefully verify each option against the information provided in the lesson.

Question 4. What was Vallabhbhai's motto in life?
(a) Truth
(b) Non-violence
(c) Simple living and high thinking
(d) Simple living and high thinking
Answer: (c) Simple living and high thinking
In simple words: Vallabhbhai believed in living a simple life while holding elevated thoughts.

Exam Tip: Identify key philosophies or guiding principles associated with historical figures to answer questions about their life mottos accurately.

2. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1. According to Gandhiji, whose life is a true life?
Answer: According to Gandhiji, the lives of farmers who work hard in the fields are genuinely good lives.
In simple words: Gandhiji felt that farmers who toiled in the fields lived truly meaningful lives.

Exam Tip: For single-sentence answers, state the main point clearly and directly, referencing the figure mentioned in the question.

Question 2. Where did Vallabhbhai receive his higher education?
Answer: Vallabhbhai received his advanced studies in Nadiad and Vadodara.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai got his higher education in Nadiad and Vadodara.

Exam Tip: Remember specific geographical locations related to a person's life events when answering such factual questions.

Question 3. How did Vallabhbhai save money to study law?
Answer: To pursue legal studies, Vallabhbhai gathered funds through saving.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai saved money to study law.

Exam Tip: Focus on the method described in the text for achieving a particular goal, such as saving money in this instance.

Question 4. Whose speech contained zeal and a ring of truth?
Answer: Vallabhbhai's words carried a powerful ring of enthusiasm and honesty.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai's speeches were full of passion and truth.

Exam Tip: When asked about characteristics of speech, use descriptive adjectives that accurately reflect the qualities mentioned in the text.

Question 5. To what has Vallabhbhai's nature been compared?
Answer: Vallabhbhai's personality is often likened to a coconut.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai's nature was compared to a coconut.

Exam Tip: Identify direct comparisons or metaphors used in the text to describe a character's attributes.

3. Answer the following questions orally:

Question 1. Who gave Vallabhbhai the title 'Sardar' and when?
Answer: Gandhiji gave Vallabhbhai the respected title "Sardar." During the Bardoli struggle, Gandhiji visited the area. When people asked him to deliver a speech, he declined, simply stating that Vallabhbhai was the "Sardar" (leader) there.
In simple words: Gandhiji gave Vallabhbhai the title "Sardar" during the Bardoli struggle after he refused to give a speech, saying Vallabhbhai was the true leader.

Exam Tip: For questions about titles, always mention both the giver of the title and the specific context or event during which it was conferred.

Question 2. How can we say that Vallabhbhai was fearless from childhood, based on which example?
Answer: When Vallabhbhai was a small child, he developed an armpit boil. The physician intended to treat it by cauterizing it with a burning iron rod, but he hesitated upon seeing the young boy. At that moment, Vallabhbhai himself took the heated rod from the physician's hand and applied it to his own boil. Everyone present was astonished by his brave act. This incident clearly demonstrates Vallabhbhai's childhood courage.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai showed fearlessness as a child by taking a hot rod from a hesitant doctor and branding his own armpit boil.

Exam Tip: When providing examples to support a characteristic, recount the incident clearly, highlighting how it directly illustrates the trait in question.

Question 3. From which incident is Vallabhbhai's love for his brother evident?
Answer: Vallabhbhai wished to travel to England for legal studies. He had saved a significant amount of money for this purpose; however, he chose to use those funds to send his elder brother, Vithalbhai, to London instead. This particular event clearly shows Vallabhbhai's deep affection for his older sibling.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai used his savings, meant for his own law studies in England, to send his elder brother, Vithalbhai, to London instead.

Exam Tip: To illustrate a personal quality like love or sacrifice, refer to a specific, selfless act performed by the individual.

Question 4. What was the news in the telegram Vallabhbhai received during court proceedings? Which aspect of Vallabhbhai's personality does this incident reveal?
Answer: Vallabhbhai was occupied with a legal case. A peon then handed him a telegram. It carried the sad news of his wife's passing. Without showing any emotion, he simply read the message, put it into his pocket, and continued working on the case. This event demonstrates Vallabhbhai's strong commitment to his responsibilities.
In simple words: The telegram informed Vallabhbhai of his wife's death during court. His calm reaction and continued work showed his strong dedication to duty.

Exam Tip: When analyzing an event, identify both the factual content (news) and the deeper implication (character trait) it reveals about the person.

Question 5. On which occasions is Vallabhbhai's sense of humor seen?
Answer: Vallabhbhai's sense of humor is evident in this specific incident: Once, Mahadevbhhai came across the phrase "creative blunders." He found this idea rather unusual and wondered how such a thing could exist. Sardar, with his cleverness, promptly responded, "You didn't get it? The overcooked lentil dish you prepared today is precisely a creative blunder!"
In simple words: Vallabhbhai showed his humor when he joked about Mahadevbhhai's "burnt dal" as a "creative blunder."

Exam Tip: Illustrate a sense of humor with a direct example or anecdote where the person made a witty remark or found humor in a situation.

Question 6. Why does the author call the plan for the merger of princely states difficult?
Answer: India contained numerous small and large princely states. The rulers of these states planned to maintain their independence. They were unwilling to relinquish their domains. For these reasons, the author describes the scheme for integrating the princely states as challenging.
In simple words: The author called the merger plan difficult because many princely state rulers wanted to stay independent and refused to give up their territories.

Exam Tip: Explain the reasons for a particular difficulty by detailing the obstacles and resistance faced, as presented in the text.

Akhand Bharatna Shilpi Swadhyay

1. Answer the following questions:

Question 1. Describe Sardar Vallabhbhai's statements during the Dandi March.
Answer: During the Dandi March, Sardar Vallabhbhai's powerful declarations instilled strong willpower in the people of Gujarat. He warned Gujaratis, stating they were about to wage a holy war unlike any the world had ever witnessed, and advised anyone fearful of death to depart on a pilgrimage. He emphasized that if prosperity determined national participation, the country itself would falter. He asserted that no true Gujarati would engage in shameful acts. The Gujarati populace, he proclaimed, would begin a significant conflict by recording the first chapter in the history of independence. He concluded by invoking divine blessings and help for all.
In simple words: During the Dandi March, Sardar Vallabhbhai gave inspiring speeches, calling it a holy war and urging Gujaratis to be fearless, warning that if wealth dictated participation, the nation would fail. He ended by seeking God's help.

Exam Tip: When describing statements, summarize the key messages and the impact they had on the audience, using strong verbs to convey their power.

Question 2. Why was Sardar Vallabhbhai called the Architect of United India?
Answer: Upon India's independence, the goal was to establish a unified nation by consolidating numerous small and large princely states. This undertaking proved exceedingly challenging because certain rulers intended to maintain their individual sovereignty. Sardar Vallabhbhai was assigned this arduous yet vital duty. He successfully persuaded some monarchs, but when others refused to cooperate, he acted with firmness. Consequently, Sardar deftly managed to integrate all Indian states into a democratic government structure and dismantle monarchical rule, thereby achieving a united India. For these accomplishments, Sardar Vallabhbhai earned the title "Architect of United India."
In simple words: Sardar Vallabhbhai was called the Architect of United India because he skillfully merged many princely states into the new democratic nation, overcoming resistance from rulers and successfully abolishing monarchy to unify the country after independence.

Exam Tip: To explain why someone received a title, detail their specific actions and achievements that directly contributed to the outcome described by the title.

2. Answer the following questions in three-four sentences:

Question 1. Why does the author say, 'The Bardoli struggle holds unique and unparalleled importance in Vallabhbhai's life'?
Answer: The British government had levied an unjust tax increase on cultivators, which was a grave injustice to them. Vallabhbhai aimed to secure fairness for the farmers who worked strenuously in their fields. From this viewpoint, the Bardoli struggle held a distinct and exceptional significance in Vallabhbhai's life.
In simple words: The author calls the Bardoli struggle uniquely important because Vallabhbhai fought for justice against the British's unfair tax on farmers, who toiled hard in the fields.

Exam Tip: When explaining the importance of an event, highlight the key issues involved, the role of the central figure, and the impact of the outcome.

Question 2. Describe Vallabhbhai's experience of imprisonment.
Answer: Five days before the Dandi March, British authorities apprehended Vallabhbhai from Ras village. He was then confined in Ahmedabad's Sabarmati Central Jail. Details regarding the harshness of his initial imprisonment are available in Mahadevbhhai's diary. For example, Vallabhbhai was treated akin to criminals and bandits within the jail. He was provided with just one blanket for sleeping. His meals consisted of coarse rotis and dal for lunch, followed by rotis and vegetables in the evening. This sustenance was of such poor quality that it was considered suitable only for animals.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai was arrested before the Dandi March and held in Sabarmati Central Jail. His first imprisonment was very harsh; he was treated like a common criminal, given meager food, and slept with only one blanket.

Exam Tip: When describing an experience, provide vivid details about the conditions and treatment, drawing directly from the provided text.

Question 3. What did Gandhiji state while revealing a very hidden aspect of Sardar's personality?
Answer: Revealing a very concealed facet of Sardar's nature, Gandhiji commented, "I was already aware of Sardar's courage, fervent patriotism, and boundless patience. However, because he enveloped me in such profound maternal affection, I am eternally indebted to him for this quality of love. His sentiments often brought to mind a mother's care. Sardar demonstrated to me virtues typically associated with a mother."
In simple words: Gandhiji revealed Sardar's hidden maternal love, stating that he was deeply grateful for it and that Sardar's affection reminded him of a mother's care.

Exam Tip: When quoting or paraphrasing, ensure the core message and the emotional tone of the original statement are accurately preserved.

3. Answer the following questions in two-three sentences:

Question 1. Tell about Vallabhbhai's father, Javerbhai.
Answer: Vallabhbhai's father, Javerbhai, was a simple farmer. Firmness and national pride ran deep in his spirit. He even participated in the 1857 War of Independence, fighting against the British administration as part of Rani Lakshmibai's forces.
In simple words: Javerbhai, Vallabhbhai's father, was a farmer with great determination and patriotism. He fought against the British in the 1857 War of Independence with Rani Lakshmibai's army.

Exam Tip: When describing a person, include their profession, key characteristics, and any notable historical involvement mentioned in the text.

Question 2. What was Vallabhbhai's nature like?
Answer: Vallabhbhai was naturally strict and straightforward. His character was comparable to a coconut: tough and rough externally, yet sweet and gentle internally.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai had a strict and frank nature, like a coconut-hard outside, but soft and sweet inside.

Exam Tip: Use metaphors or analogies provided in the text to describe a person's nature, as they often offer a concise and vivid explanation.

Question 3. State Sardar Vallabhbhai's characteristics according to Vinoba.
Answer: Vinoba believed that Sardar Vallabhbhai's key trait was his directness in speech. He never feared anyone when making his point, regardless of how others felt. Furthermore, if he faced a counter-attack, he remained completely unfazed.
In simple words: According to Vinoba, Sardar Vallabhbhai spoke directly, feared no one when expressing his views, and remained steadfast even when challenged.

Exam Tip: When asked about characteristics from a specific perspective (e.g., "according to Vinoba"), ensure your answer reflects only the traits attributed by that source.

Question 4. State Sardar's characteristics according to Gandhiji's personal secretary, Mahadevbhhai Desai.
Answer: According to Mahadevbhhai Desai, Gandhiji's private secretary, a striking characteristic of Sardar was that when he spoke in the farmers' dialect, his eyes would shine like burning coals. His words often unleashed a whirlwind capable of devastating his adversaries.
In simple words: Mahadevbhhai Desai noted that when Sardar spoke in the farmers' dialect, his eyes shone fiercely, and his powerful words could easily overwhelm opponents.

Exam Tip: Describe how a person's characteristics were perceived by others, including specific details that highlight their impact on the audience.

Question 5. Tell about Vallabhbhai Patel's daughter, Maniben.
Answer: Vallabhbhai Patel's daughter, Maniben, dedicatedly served her father with great zeal. She inherited the virtue of humility. Her simple nature was such that she never felt embarrassed, even when wearing a sari that had been mended.
In simple words: Maniben, Vallabhbhai Patel's daughter, served him devotedly and inherited his simplicity, never feeling ashamed to wear mended saris.

Exam Tip: When describing family members, focus on their relationship to the main character and any shared traits or notable contributions.

4. Answer the following questions in one sentence

Question 1. What holds unique and unparalleled importance in Vallabhbhai's life, similar to India's freedom struggle?
Answer: In Vallabhbhai's life, the Bardoli struggle held distinctive and unmatched importance, much like India's freedom movement.
In simple words: The Bardoli struggle was as uniquely important in Vallabhbhai's life as India's freedom fight.

Exam Tip: For comparative questions, ensure your answer directly addresses both parts of the comparison mentioned.

Question 2. From his student age, what qualities were inherent in Vallabhbhai?
Answer: From his student years, Vallabhbhai demonstrated innate qualities such as courage, leadership skills, and firm resolve.
In simple words: Since childhood, Vallabhbhai showed qualities like fearlessness, leadership, and strong willpower.

Exam Tip: Identify and list the core qualities a person exhibited from an early age, as specified in the text.

Question 3. For the treatment of Vallabhbhai's armpit boil in childhood, what remedy did the village doctor consider?
Answer: To treat Vallabhbhai's childhood armpit boil, the local physician considered applying a burning hot iron rod as a cure.
In simple words: The village doctor thought of using a hot iron rod to cauterize Vallabhbhai's armpit boil when he was a child.

Exam Tip: State the specific remedy or solution proposed, ensuring all key details are included in the one-sentence answer.

Question 4. Why did the doctor hesitate to cauterize with a hot iron rod?
Answer: The physician felt hesitant to apply the burning hot iron rod because Vallabhbhai was just a very small and delicate child at that moment.
In simple words: The doctor hesitated to use the hot rod because Vallabhbhai was a very young and tender child.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the reason for hesitation, focusing on the specific detail that caused the doubt.

Question 5. What did child Vallabhbhai do after taking the hot rod from the doctor's hand?
Answer: The young Vallabhbhai took the heated rod from the physician's hand and self-applied it to his own boil.
In simple words: Child Vallabhbhai took the hot rod and branded his own boil.

Exam Tip: Focus on the direct action taken by the character in response to the situation described.

Question 6. What was the specialty of Vallabhbhai's nature?
Answer: A key aspect of Vallabhbhai's character was his ability to speak directly and truthfully to anyone, without any fear.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai's special trait was that he spoke the truth clearly to anyone, without fear.

Exam Tip: Describe the unique quality or distinguishing characteristic that set the individual apart, as highlighted in the text.

Question 7. In which jail in Ahmedabad was Vallabhbhai kept?
Answer: Vallabhbhai was confined in Ahmedabad's Sabarmati Central Jail.
In simple words: Vallabhbhai was kept in Sabarmati Central Jail in Ahmedabad.

Exam Tip: Remember specific institutional names and locations mentioned in biographical accounts.

Question 8. In which line is the adjective 'Brave' given to Vallabhbhai by a poet?
Answer: The adjective 'Brave' assigned to Vallabhbhai by a poet appears in this verse: "He made monarchs give up their crowns, blessed is the brave Vallabh Sardar!"
In simple words: The line "He made monarchs give up their crowns, blessed is the brave Vallabh Sardar!" uses the adjective 'Brave' for Vallabhbhai.

Exam Tip: When asked to identify a specific phrase or line, reproduce it accurately from the text.

Question 9. Which poet of our national language Hindi has composed a wonderful poem for Sardar?
Answer: Harivansh Rai Bachchan, a poet of our national language Hindi, created a splendid poem for Sardar.
In simple words: Harivansh Rai Bachchan, a Hindi poet, wrote a wonderful poem for Sardar.

Exam Tip: Recall the names of authors or poets associated with specific works mentioned in the lesson.

5. Choose the correct option for each of the following questions:

Question 1. What is the Bardoli struggle considered to be among the achievements of Vallabhbhai's dedicated life?
(a) Crown
(b) Turban
(c) Crowning achievement
(d) Memento
Answer: (c) Crowning achievement
In simple words: The Bardoli struggle is regarded as a crowning achievement in Vallabhbhai's dedicated life.

Exam Tip: Identify the most fitting metaphor or description used in the text to describe a significant accomplishment.

Question 2. During the Bardoli struggle, as whose Sardar was Vallabhbhai known?
(a) Of Gandhiji
(b) Of farmers
(c) Of India's freedom struggle
(d) Of Azad Hind Fauj
Answer: (b) Of farmers
In simple words: During the Bardoli struggle, Vallabhbhai became known as the Sardar of farmers.

Exam Tip: Associate titles with the specific group or context for which they were earned, as detailed in the lesson.

Question 3. What title had Gandhiji given to Vallabhbhai?
(a) Of leader
(b) Of 'Sawaai Gujarati' - a super Gujarati
(c) Of Sardar
(d) Of Mahadevbhhai
Answer: (c) Of Sardar
In simple words: Gandhiji had given Vallabhbhai the title of Sardar.

Exam Tip: Directly recall the title or epithet conferred by a specific historical figure as mentioned in the text.

Question 4. Who was in charge of the entire Bardoli struggle?
(a) Of Mahadevbhhai Desai
(b) Of Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) Of Gandhiji
(d) Of Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: (b) Of Vallabhbhai Patel
In simple words: Vallabhbhai Patel was responsible for leading the entire Bardoli struggle.

Exam Tip: Identify the primary leader or central figure responsible for a specific event or movement.

Question 5. Where was Vallabhbhai born?
(a) In Nadiad
(b) In Vadodara
(c) In Karamsad
(d) In Anand
Answer: (a) In Nadiad
In simple words: Vallabhbhai was born in Nadiad.

Exam Tip: Factual questions about birthplaces require direct recall of information from the biographical details.

Question 6. What was Vallabhbhai's native place?
(a) Sojitra
(b) Petlad
(c) Karamsad
(d) Vallabh Vidyanagar
Answer: (c) Karamsad
In simple words: Vallabhbhai's native village was Karamsad.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between a birthplace and a native place if both are mentioned, providing the specific answer requested.

Question 7. Who all went to meet Vallabhbhai in jail?
(a) Gandhiji and Mahadevbhhai Desai
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru and Acharya Kripalani
(c) Acharya Kripalani and Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Mahadevbhhai Desai and Acharya Kripalani
Answer: (d) Mahadevbhhai Desai and Acharya Kripalani
In simple words: Mahadevbhhai Desai and Acharya Kripalani visited Vallabhbhai in jail.

Exam Tip: When identifying multiple individuals, ensure all names mentioned in the correct option are included.

Question 8. From which village did the British government arrest Vallabhbhai?
(a) Karamsad
(b) Dabhoi
(c) Ras
(d) Bardoli
Answer: (c) Ras
In simple words: The British government arrested Vallabhbhai from Ras village.

Exam Tip: Remember specific locations associated with significant events, such as arrests or major movements.

Question 9. By what name is the section of Sabarmati Jail where Sardar was imprisoned known?
(a) Vallabhbhai Patel Section
(b) Sardar Patel Memorial Block
(c) Sardar Memorial
(d) Sardar Memorial Section
Answer: (d) Sardar Memorial Section
In simple words: The part of Sabarmati Jail where Sardar was held is known as the Sardar Memorial Section.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the exact names or designations given to specific places or sections mentioned in the text.

Question 10. By what name is Vallabhbhai especially known?
(a) Brave Sardar
(b) True Patriot
(c) Iron Man
(d) Savior of Farmers
Answer: (c) Iron Man
In simple words: Vallabhbhai is particularly famous by the title 'Iron Man'.

Exam Tip: Identify the most prominent or widely recognized title by which a historical figure is remembered.

Question 11. Know the name of Gandhiji's personal secretary.
(a) Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Acharya Kripalani
(d) Mahadevbhhai Desai
Answer: (d) Mahadevbhhai Desai
In simple words: Gandhiji's personal secretary was Mahadevbhhai Desai.

Exam Tip: Remember key supporting figures and their roles, such as personal secretaries, for important historical personalities.

Question 12. What was Vallabhbhai's daughter's name?
(a) Sarojini
(b) Maniben
(c) Manjulaben
(d) Manuben
Answer: (b) Maniben
In simple words: Vallabhbhai's daughter's name was Maniben.

Exam Tip: Simple recall of names of family members associated with historical figures is often tested.

Question 13. What did Vallabhbhai's daughter inherit from her father?
(a) Wealth
(b) Land and estate
(c) Simplicity
(d) Poverty
Answer: (c) Simplicity
In simple words: Vallabhbhai's daughter inherited the quality of simplicity from her father.

Exam Tip: Identify the core values or personal traits passed down within a family, as described in the narrative.

Question 13. વલ્લભભાઈની દીકરીને પિતા તરફથી વારસામાં શું મળ્યું હતું?
A. ધનદોલત
B. જમીનજાગીર
C. સાદગી
D. ગરીબાઈ
Answer: (C) સાદગી
In simple words: Vallabhbhai's daughter inherited the quality of simplicity from her father.

Exam Tip: When answering questions about personal traits, focus on the core characteristic that is directly inherited or displayed.

Question 6. કૌંસમાં આપેલા શબ્દોમાંથી યોગ્ય શબ્દ પસંદ કરી ખાલી જગ્યા પૂરોઃ (દમડી, સાદગીપ્રિય, શિલ્પી, નાડ, તાજ)
Answer:
(1) રાજાઓના તાજ મુકાવ્યા, ધન્ય વીર વલ્લભ સરદાર!
(2) સરદાર જનસમુદાયની નાડ ના ભારે પારખું હતા.
(3) વલ્લભભાઈ સાદગીપ્રિય હતા.
(4) આપણા હાથેથી એક દમડી સરકારને આપવી નથી.
(5) તા. 15 – 12 – 1950 ના રોજ અખંડ ભારતના શિલ્પી નું અવસાન થયું.
In simple words: Fill in the empty space in each sentence by choosing the correct word from the list provided in the bracket.

Exam Tip: Carefully read each sentence and the given options. The context of the sentence will help you pick the most appropriate word.

Question 7. નીચેના વિધાનો ખરાં છે કે ખોટાં તે જણાવો?
Answer:
(1) વલ્લભભાઈ પટેલ સમગ્ર દેશના લોકહૈયામાં “સરદાર'નું માનભર્યું સ્થાન પામ્યા હતા. — ખરું
(2) વૈધરાજે ઇલાજ માટે લોખંડના ધગધગતા સળિયા વડે ડામ દઈ દીધો. — ખોટું
(3) વલ્લભભાઈ તો નાળિયેર જેવા ઉપરથી કઠણ અને અંદરથી કોમળ હતા. — ખરું
(4) છાવણી જેવી જિંદગી ગાળવી ન પોસાય. — ખોટું
(5) આજે તમે દાળ બનાવી હતી, તેવી ખાટી ખાટી દાળ. — ખોટું
(6) આપણા દેશની ત્રિમૂર્તિ – ગાંધી, સરદાર અને આચાર્ય કૃપલાણી. — ખોટું
(7) આપણી રાષ્ટ્રભાષાના કવિ હરિવંશરાય બચ્ચને સરદાર માટે અદ્ભુત કવિતા રચી છે. — ખરું
In simple words: Determine if each statement is true or false based on the information provided in the lesson.

Exam Tip: For true/false questions, recall specific details and facts from the text. Even a small factual error makes the whole statement false.

Akhand Bharatna Shilpi Vyakaran

Question 1. નીચે આપેલા શબ્દોના સમાનાર્થી શબ્દો લખોઃ
Answer:
• નામના = કીર્તિ, પ્રતિષ્ઠા
• છાવણી = પડાવ
• ચેતવણી = સૂચના, તાકીદ
• ગફલત = ભૂલ
• ખોળિયું = દેહ
• ધરપકડ = ગિરફતારી
• આંદોલન = ચળવળ
• યાતના = કષ્ટ, દુઃખ
• મનસૂબો = ઇચ્છા, ઇરાદો
• ધૈર્ય = ધીરજ
In simple words: Provide a word or phrase that has the same meaning as each given word.

Exam Tip: When writing synonyms, try to recall multiple options if possible, as some words may have slightly different nuances depending on the context.

Question 2. નીચે આપેલા શબ્દોના વિરુદ્ધાર્થી શબ્દો લખોઃ
Answer:
• વેળા X કવેળા
• ઈલાજ X નાઇલાજ
• શરમ X બેશરમ
• તવંગર X ગરીબ, રક
• નાનપ X મોટપ
• સ્મૃતિ X વિસ્મૃતિ
• નૈતિકતા X અનૈતિકતા
• સર્જન X વિસર્જન
• શૂરવીર X કાયર
• અખંડ X ખંડિત
In simple words: Write a word that means the opposite of each given word.

Exam Tip: Focus on finding direct opposites. Sometimes, adding a prefix can create an antonym, but ensure it's a recognized word.

Question 3. નીચે આપેલા શબ્દોની જોડણી સુધારીને લખો:
Answer:
1. શિરછોગું
2. બિરુદ
3. ભ્રાતૃભાવ
4. રાષ્ટ્રભાષા
5. બુદ્ધિચાતુર્ય
6. પવિત્ર
7. વિલીનીકરણ
8. કુનેહપૂર્વક
9. દાંડીયાત્રા
10. સચિવ
11. હરિવંશરાય બચ્ચન
12. ત્રિમૂર્તિ
In simple words: Correct the spelling of each word given, ensuring all letters are in their proper place and form.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to vowels, consonants, and specific Gujarati phonetic rules to correctly spell words. Practice common words to improve accuracy.

Question 4. નીચે આપેલા શબ્દોના સમાસ ઓળખાવોઃ
Answer:
• સ્વતંત્રતા સંગ્રામ – સ્વતંત્રતા મેળવવા માટેનો સંગ્રામ – મધ્યમપદલોપી
• દેશભક્તિ – દેશ માટેની ભક્તિ – તત્પુરુષ
• ભ્રાતૃભાવ – ભ્રાતા (ભાઈ) માટેનો ભાવ (પ્રેમ) – તત્પુરુષ
• બુદ્ધિચાતુર્ય – બુદ્ધિનું ચાતુર્ય – તત્પુરુષ
• રાષ્ટ્રભાષા – રાષ્ટ્રની ભાષા – તત્પુરુષ
રાષ્ટ્ર(રાજ્યો)ના વ્યવહાર માટેની ભાષા – મધ્યમપદલોપી
• ધર્મયુદ્ધ – ધર્મ માટે ખેલાતું યુદ્ધ - મધ્યમપદલોપી
• જીવનમંત્ર – જીવનનો મંત્ર- તત્પુરુષ
In simple words: Identify the type of compound word (Samas) for each given term, which describes how the words combine to form a new meaning.

Exam Tip: To correctly identify Samas, understand the relationship between the words in the compound (e.g., is it descriptive, relational, or implying an omitted middle term?).

Question 5. નીચે આપેલા શબ્દોને શબ્દકોશના ક્રમમાં ગોઠવો
Answer:
કરમસદ, જીવનમંત્ર, દેશભક્તિ, ધર્મયુદ્ધ, નીડર, બારડોલી
In simple words: Arrange the given words in alphabetical order, as they would appear in a dictionary.

Exam Tip: When arranging words alphabetically, check the first letter first. If they are the same, move to the second letter, and so on.

Question 6. નીચે આપેલા શબ્દોમાંથી દ્વિરુક્ત શબ્દો શોધીને લખો:
Answer:
દ્વિરુક્ત શબ્દો :
1. નસેનસ
2. ધગધગતા
3. ડગમગ
In simple words: Find words that are repeated or reduplicated for emphasis or to show continuity within the given list.

Exam Tip: Reduplicated words often consist of a word repeated twice, sometimes with slight phonetic changes, to convey a specific meaning like intensity or continuity.

Question 7. નીચેના રૂઢિપ્રયોગોનો અર્થ આપી તેમના વાક્યમાં પ્રયોગ કરો:
Answer:
(1) પરસેવો પાડવો – સખત મજૂરી કરવી
વાક્ય : જે પરસેવો પાડીને કામ કરે છે તેને મહેનતનું ફળ મળે છે.
(2) આત્મસાત્ થઈ જવું- એકરૂપ થઈ જવું
વાક્ય : સેજલ નવલકથા વાંચવામાં એટલી આત્મસાત્ થઈ જાય છે કે એને બીજું કાંઈ સૂઝતું નથી.
(3) એકરાગ થવું – સંપીને રહેવું
વાક્યઃ શાળાના સો વિધાર્થીઓએ એકરાગ થઈને નવરાત્રિનો કાર્યક્રમ કર્યો.
(4) એક ખોળિયે પ્રાણ હોય તેમ વર્તવું – સંપીને રહેવું
વાક્ય: આઝાદીની લડત વખતે ગાંધીજીના એક શબ્દ સો એક ખોળિયે પ્રાણ હોય તેમ વર્યા હતા.
(5) તાજ મુકાવવા – (અહીં) સત્તા છોડાવવી
વાક્યઃ સત્તાધારી પક્ષનો તાજ મુકાવવા વિરોધ પક્ષો પુષ્કળ પ્રયત્નો કરે છે.
(6) પકડ હોવી – વશમાં હોવું, કાબૂમાં હોવું
વાક્ય: જો શિક્ષકની વિદ્યાર્થીઓ પર મજબૂત પકડ હોય તો જ તેઓ શિક્ષકને શાંતિથી સાંભળે.
(7) ટકોરા મારીને કહેવું – આગ્રહપૂર્વક ચેતવણી આપવી
વાક્યઃ પિતાએ મનોજને ટકોરા મારીને કહ્યું હતું કે સ્કૂટર ઝડપથી ચલાવતો નહિ.
(8) પાર પાડવું – સફળતાપૂર્વક પૂરું કરવું
વાક્યઃ શાળામાં વિધાર્થીઓએ સાથે મળીને સંગીતસ્પર્ધાનો કાર્યક્રમ સારી રીતે પાર પાડ્યો.
(9) છતું થવું – ઉઘાડું કરવું, જાહેર કરવું
વાક્ય: ચેતને પરીક્ષામાં કરેલી ચોરી છતી થઈ.
(10) પ્રેમથી તરબોળ કરવું – ખૂબ પ્રેમ આપવો
વાક્ય : મા હંમેશાં પોતાના બાળકને પ્રેમથી તરબોળ કરી દે છે.
In simple words: For each idiom, first write its meaning, then use it correctly in a sentence to show your understanding.

Exam Tip: Ensure your sentences clearly demonstrate the idiom's meaning without explicitly stating it again. The sentence should flow naturally.

Question 8. નીચે આપેલા શબ્દો માટે એક શબ્દ લખો
Answer:
• માથા પરની કલગી – શિરછોગું
• બગલમાં થતું ગૂમડું – કાખબલાઈ
• ખરાબ કે સારું લાગશે એની પરવા કર્યા વગર સાચું કહી દેનારું - આખાબોલું
• નાનું છાપું કે ચોપાનિયું - પત્રિકા
• આકાશ સુધી પહોંચનાર (અવાજ) – ગગનભેદી
• લોખંડના જેવું દઢ મનોબળ ધરાવતો પુરુષ – લોખંડી પુરુષ
• જીવનનો મુખ્ય આદર્શ – જીવનમંત્ર
In simple words: Provide a single word that accurately describes each given phrase or description.

Exam Tip: Read the phrase carefully to grasp its full meaning, then think of the most concise word that encapsulates that idea.

Question 9. નીચે આપેલાં વાક્યોમાંથી સાદાં, સંયુક્ત અને સંકુલ વાક્ય અલગ તારવોઃ
Answer:
1. ગાંધીજીએ વલ્લભભાઈને રીતસરનું "સરદાર'નું બિરુદ આપ્યું હતું. — સાદું વાક્ય
2. નાળિયેર ઉપરથી કઠણ અને બરછટ લાગે પણ અંદરથી મીઠું અને કોમળ હોય છે. — સંયુક્ત વાક્ય
3. લડાઈ લડવી હોય તો લગ્નમાં મહાલવાનું ન પોસાય. — સંકુલ વાક્ય
4. ખૂબ જ મુશ્કેલ આ કાર્ય હતું છતાં પણ તેમણે કુનેહપૂર્વક પાર પાડ્યું હતું. — સંયુક્ત વાક્ય
5. જ્યાં સમજાવટથી કામ ચાલ્યું ત્યાં તેમ કર્યું પણ જ્યાં કડક હાથે લેવાનું બન્યું ત્યાં કડપ પણ દાખવ્યો. — સંકુલ વાક્ય, સંયુક્ત વાક્ય
6. વળતો પ્રહાર જો પોતાના ઉપર આવે તો તેથી જરાય ડગમગતા નહિ. — સંકુલ વાક્ય
7. ‘સાદું જીવન અને ઉચ્ચ વિચાર' તેમનો જીવનમંત્ર હતો. — સાદું વાક્ય
8. મણિબહેનની સાદગી પણ એવી કે થીગડું મારેલી સાડી પહેરવામાં પણ તેઓ નાનમ અનુભવતાં નહોતાં. — સંયુક્ત વાક્ય
In simple words: Categorize each sentence as simple, compound, or complex based on its structure and the number of independent and dependent clauses it contains.

Exam Tip: Identify conjunctions and dependent clauses to correctly classify sentences. Simple sentences have one independent clause; compound have two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions; complex have one independent and at least one dependent clause.

Akhand Bharatna Shilpi Summary In Gujarati

Akhand Bharatna Shilpi Pathparichay

ડૉ. રાઘવજી માધડ [જન્મ: 01 / 06 / 1961]

આ પાઠમાં લેખકે “અખંડ ભારતના શિલ્પી” સરદાર વલ્લભભાઈ પટેલનો પરિચય આપ્યો છે. સરદાર વલ્લભભાઈ પટેલે આઝાદી પછી જે કુનેહથી દેશી રાજ્યોનું ભારતમાં વિલીનીકરણનું કાર્ય પાર પાડ્યું, એનાથી પ્રભાવિત થઈને સરદાર વિશે એક કવિએ કહ્યું: “રાજાઓના તાજ મુકાવ્યા, ધન્ય વીર વલ્લભ સરદાર!' રાષ્ટ્રભાષા હિંદીના કવિ હરિવંશરાય બચ્ચને પણ કહ્યું હરેક પક્ષ કો પટેલ તૌલતા ... કઠોર નગ્ન સત્ય બોલતા! પટેલ હિંદ કી નીડર જબાન હૈ.'

સરદાર તેમનાં કોઠાસૂઝ, વીરતા, વિનોદ, હાજરજવાબ, બહારથી રુક્ષ, પણ અંદરથી કોમળ, સચ્ચાઈનો આગ્રહ, લોખંડી મનોબળ, સાદગી, સરળતા જેવા ગુણોને લીધે મહાન બન્યા છે.

Bhashasajava

Sadun, Samyukta, Mishra Ke Sankul Vakya

(1) સાદું વાક્ય આજે સૌ મંદિરે ગયા છે. સાદા વાક્યમાં એક કર્તા અને એક ક્રિયાપદ હોય છે. સાદાં વાક્યો ત્રણ પ્રકારનાં હોય છે?

• વિધાનવાક્ય : આજે નવરાત્રિ છે.
• આજ્ઞાર્થવાક્ય : નીશા, બજારમાં જઈને શાક લઈ આવજે.
• પ્રશ્નાર્થવાક્ય મયૂર આવ્યો? તારી સાથે બીજું કોણ આવ્યું છે?

(2) સંયુક્ત વાક્યઃ મારે મત આપવા જવું હતું, પણ મારી ઉંમર 18 વર્ષની નથી. અને, પણ, તથા, અથવા, કે જેવા સંયોજકોથી જોડાયેલાં વાક્યોને સંયુક્ત વાક્ય કહે છે.

(3) મિશ્ર કે સંકુલ વાક્ય: ‘ભણવા બેસ' એમ કહીને પિતાએ દીકરાને રમવા જતા રોક્યો, પણ માએ એને “ભણીને રમવા જજે' એમ કહ્યું.

એક વાક્ય મુખ્ય હોય છે અને અન્ય વાક્યો એના વિસ્તરણ રૂપે જોડાયેલાં હોય ત્યારે મિશ્ર કે સંકુલ વાક્ય બને છે. આવાં વાક્યો વચ્ચે મુખ્ય વાક્ય અને ગૌણ વાક્યનો સંબંધ હોય છે. આ વાક્યોમાં અમુક સંયોજકોનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

“કે, “જે. તે’, “જેવું.... તેવું, ‘જ્યારે ત્યારે, “જેમ.. તેમ, “જ્યાં સુધી..…. ત્યાં સુધી’, “જો ... તો, ‘જ્યાં ... ત્યાં જેવા સંયોજકોથી મુખ્ય અને ગૌણ વાક્યો જોડાય છે. જોકે, ઘણી વાર “જો ... તો કે “જે … તે’માં

“જો કે જે અધ્યાહાર હોય છે. સંકુલ વાક્યમાં ગૌણ વાક્ય મુખ્ય વાક્યનો વિસ્તાર કરવા માટે ક્રિયાવિશેષણ તરીકે અથવા કર્મ કે શરતરૂપે આવે છે.

Samasik Shabdo

સ્વતંત્ર અર્થ ધરાવતા બે શબ્દો ભેગા મળીને ત્રીજો શબ્દ બને છે. આવા શબ્દને સામાસિક શબ્દ કહે છે. દા. ત., આગગાડી, છાત્રાલય, નરસિંહ, હરિણાક્ષી વગેરે.

Akhand Bharatna Shilpi Shabdarth

• શિરછોગું – શિર ઉપર શોભતું છોગું.
• દોર – સૂત્ર.
• વેળા – સમય.
• બિરુદ – ઉપાધિ, ઉપનામ.
• ઓછપ – ખામી.
• અધૂરપ – અધૂરાપણું, ઊણપ.
• કાખબલાઈ – બગલમાં થતું ગૂમડું.
• ઈલાજ – ઉપચાર.
• ધગધગતો – ખૂબ તપાવેલો.
• અવઢવ – ઢચુપચું, મૂંઝવણ.
• દેશદાઝ – દેશ માટે પ્રેમ, ભક્તિ.
• પ્રેમ – લાગણી.
• અનન્ય – અદ્વિતીય, અજોડ.
• પરિશ્રમ – મહેનત.
• બુદ્ધિચાતુર્ય – બુદ્ધિની ચતુરાઈ.
• નામના – કીર્તિ, પ્રતિષ્ઠા.
• રુક્ષ – બરડ, કઠોર.
• બોલી – વાણી, ભાષા.
• આખાબોલાપણું – ખરાબ કે સારું લાગશે એની પરવા કર્યા વિના સાચું કહી નાખવું.
• બરછટ – ખરબચડું.
• ખાસિયત – વિશેષતા.
• શેહ – શરમ – આમન્યા, મર્યાદા.
• જોમ – જુસ્સો – પ્રબળ આવેગ.
• જાગ્રત – સજાગ, સાવધાન.
• પત્રિકા – નાનું છાપું કે ચોપાનિયું.
• ચેતવણી – સૂચના, તાકીદ.
• મહાલવું – ખાવુંપીવું અને મોજ માણવી, લીલાલહેર કરવી.
• છાવણી – લશ્કરને રહેવા માટેનો પડાવ.
• તવંગર – શ્રીમંત, પૈસાદાર.
• કોમ – નાતજાત.
• ખોળિયું – દેહ, શરીર.
• દમડી – પૈસો, દામ.
• વિનોદી – રમૂજી.
• ગફલત – ભૂલ.
• છટાથી – અદાથી.
• દાઝેલી દાળ – બળી ગયેલી દાળ.
• વેઠવું – સહન કરવું.
• દાંડીયાત્રા – ઈ. સ. 1930માં અંગ્રેજોએ મીઠા પર કર નાખ્યો એટલે ગાંધીજીએ મીઠાના કાયદાનો ભંગ કરવા માટે દાંડી નામના ગામ સુધી કરેલી યાત્રા.
• ધરપકડ – ગિરફતારી.
• જંગ – લડત.
• આંદોલન – ચળવળ.
• ગગનભેદી – આકાશ સુધી પહોંચે એટલો મોટો અવાજ.
• નારા – સૂત્રો.
• ગજવવું – ગર્જના કરવી.
• ખપે એવું – (અહીં) માફક આવે એવું.
• કાજે – માટે, ખાતર.
• યાતના – કષ્ટ, દુઃખ.
• અખંડ – આખું.
• લોખંડી પુરુષ – લોખંડના જેવું દઢ મનોબળ ધરાવનાર પુરુષ.
• તૌલતા – ચકાસણી કરતા.
• ભેદ – રહસ્ય.
• દુરાવ – અંતર.
• ગરજ – નિસબત, જરૂર.
• કઠોર – આકરું.
• નગ્ન – ઉઘાડું.
• જબાન – જીભ, (અહીં) વાણી.
• જબરદસ્ત – મજબૂત.
• પકડ – કાબૂ.
• દમન – કેર, જોરજુલમ.
• અગ્રેસર – આગેવાન.
• ધર્મયુદ્ધ – ધર્મ માટે ધર્મ દ્વારા થતું યુદ્ધ.
• મંડાણ – શરૂઆત.
• પ્રખર – જાજરમાન, (અહીં) પ્રભાવશાળી.
• આરાધવું – ઉપાસના કરવી, (અહીં) સ્વીકારવું.
• પાવિત્ર્ય – પવિત્રતા.
• મનસૂબો – ઇચ્છા, ઈરાદો.
• વિલીનીકરણ – વિલીન કરવું, સમાવી દેવું.
• કપરી – મુશ્કેલ.
• કુનેહપૂર્વક – યુક્તિથી, ચતુરાઈથી.
• કડપ – કડકાઈ, સખતાઈ.
• માળખું – ખોખું, ઢાંચો, (અહીં) બંધારણ સામેલ – સમાવેશ.
• નાબૂદ – સમૂળગું નાશ કરવું.
• વિકલ્પ – પર્યાય. બક્ષવું – આપવું.
• સચિવ – સહાયક કાર્યકર, સેક્રેટરી.
• અંગારો – સળગતો કોલસો.
• આંધી – ધૂળનું તોફાન, વાવાઝોડું.
• વૈર્ય – ધીરજ.
• કણી – (અહીં) કૃતજ્ઞ.
• જીવનમંત્ર – જીવનનો આદર્શ.
• ઊલટથી – ઉત્સાહથી.
• નાનપ – લઘુતા.

Akhand Bharatna Shilpi Rudhiprayogo

• પરસેવો પાડવો – સખત મજૂરી કરવી.
• આત્મસાત્ થઈ જવું – એકરૂપ થઈ જવું.
• દંગ રહી જવું – ચોંકી જવું,
• ચકિત થઈ જવું. એકરાગ થવું – સંપીને રહેવું.
• એક ખોળિયે પ્રાણ હોય તેમ વર્તવું- સાથે મળીને સંપીને રહેવું.
• કાયમ રહેવું – મક્કમ રહેવું.
• જીવ્યું ન જીવ્યું થઈ જવું – (નિષ્ફળતાને લીધે) જીવન જીવવાલાયક ન રહેવું.
• બોજામાં પડવું – ભારરૂપ થવું.
• તાજ મુકાવવા – (અહીં) સત્તા છોડાવવી.
• નાડ પારખવી – મન જાણવું, વલણ ઓળખી જવું.
• પકડ હોવી – વશમાં હોવી, કાબૂમાં હોવી.
• ટકોરા મારીને કહેવું – આગ્રહ રાખીને ચેતવણી આપવી.
• મનસૂબા ઘડવા – વિચાર કરવા.
• પાર પાડવું – સફળતાપૂર્વક પૂરું કરવું.
• છતું કરવું – ઉઘાડું કરવું, જાહેર કરવું.
• પ્રેમથી તરબોળ કરવું – ખૂબ પ્રેમ આપવો.