GSEB Class 7 Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Mughal Empire Golden Age and Downfall

Textbook Questions and Answers

Think Over the Reasons.

Question 1. What kind of arrangements were made in the Mughal era to ensure Justice' to all?
Answer:

• To ensure that every person received justice, Mughal Emperor Jahangir had placed a golden bell in his palace window.
• A golden chain, with one end attached to the bell, also hung outside the palace.
• Anyone could pull this chain to ring the bell and request justice directly from Jahangir.

Exam Tip: When describing historical arrangements, focus on the key elements (the bell, the chain) and the purpose (ensuring justice for everyone).

Question 2. A lot of monuments were constructed during Shah Jahan's reign because
Answer:

• There was a period of calm during Shah Jahan's rule.
• Therefore, farming, buying and selling, and the import and export of products all grew significantly.
• As a result, the Mughal treasury was completely full.
• Shah Jahan utilized this wealth to build many grand structures.
• Hence, the most construction happened during Shah Jahan's time.

Exam Tip: Always connect prosperity and peace with increased construction activities in historical contexts.

Question 3. Why did the decline of the vast Mughal Empire start during the reign of Aurangzeb?
Answer:

• The large Mughal Empire, which was formed in 1526 C.E., began to weaken from 1707 C.E.
• Mughals became exhausted from continuous fighting with the Marathas in the south for 25 long years.
• Eventually, a weary Aurangzeb returned to the north.
• He was quite old then. After his passing, the Mughal Empire started its decline in India.
• After Aurangzeb, the Mughals began battling for the throne. Nobody was truly capable of managing the large empire properly.
• It is also believed that Aurangzeb's strict policies were also a reason for the downfall of Mughals in India.

Exam Tip: When discussing the decline of an empire, mention factors like prolonged wars, weak successors, and unpopular policies.

Let Us Understand.

Question 1. During the Mughal era, most of the foreign trade was routed through the ports of Gujarat.
Answer:

• Khambhat, Bharuch, Surat, and Diu were significant seaports during the Mughal administration.
• Indian products like Lahore shawls, Fatehpur Sikri mats, Gujarat cotton cloth, and Dhaka muslin were in very high demand worldwide.
• Because of these factors, traders from Gujarat frequently used the ports of Gujarat for international trade.
• They often sent out Indian products and brought in foreign goods.

Exam Tip: When asked about trade during a historical period, always name key trade centers and popular products to demonstrate comprehensive knowledge.

Question 2. People became more pleasure-loving during Shah Jahan's reign.
Answer:

• During the Mughal rule, farming, commerce, and the exchange of goods saw a huge increase.
• As a result, the Mughal treasury remained completely full.
• Hence, the royal court and palace atmosphere was full of worldly and luxurious enjoyments.

Exam Tip: Link economic prosperity to the rise of luxurious lifestyles and pleasure-seeking within ruling classes.

Discuss.

Question 1. Shah Jahan and architecture
Answer:
Art:

• Mughals were very fond of grand palaces and large buildings.
• Palaces and domes were constructed with a beautiful mix of Hindu and Muslim architectural styles.
• Shah Jahan built many world-famous buildings. He was known as the 'Architect of Palaces'. He also supported and encouraged many artists.
• Rajputs also made significant contributions to the art and architecture of that time.
• Jahangir enjoyed collecting paintings.

• There was peace during the Mughal period, so literature developed quite well.
• Sanskrit books were translated, and many historical books were composed. Hindu literature also received good support.
• The 'Dohas' of Kabir and 'Saakhi' of Rahim became well-known.
• Rashkan, a follower of Acharya Vitthalnathji from the Vaishnav community, wrote Hindu poetry.
• Furthermore, many foreign visitors came to India during the Mughal period. They also described India's administrative system and social life in their travel diaries.
• French travelers Tavernier and Bernier also visited India.
• Bernier lived in India for 12 years. He mentioned that Mughals spent too much money on their army.
• He also appreciated that Indian textiles were highly regarded in European and Asian markets.

Exam Tip: When discussing contributions of rulers, categorize them into specific fields like 'Art' and 'Literature' for clarity and detail.

Question 2. Aurangzeb's policies
Answer:
Results of the religious policy of Aurangzeb:
Aurangzeb's religious strictness overshadowed his good qualities. His decision to reverse Akbar's policy of religious tolerance weakened the entire structure of the Mughal empire. This resulted in several conflicts and wars in various parts of the country. These conflicts included:
(i) Conflict with the Jats
(ii) Conflict with the Satnamis
(iii) Conflict with the Sikhs
(iv) Conflicts with the Rajputs
(v) Conflict with the Marathas.
All these uprisings disturbed the empire's peace, damaged its economy, and weakened the administrative system, reducing its military strength. This led to Aurangzeb's inability to make a significant impact. Ultimately, all these factors contributed to the decline of the Mughal empire.
In simple words: Aurangzeb's religious intolerance weakened the Mughal Empire. His reversal of Akbar's tolerant policies led to many conflicts with groups like the Jats, Sikhs, Rajputs, and Marathas, which ultimately contributed to the empire's decline.

Exam Tip: When analyzing the impact of a ruler's policies, identify specific policies, list the resulting conflicts, and explain how these factors collectively led to decline.

Let Us Learn.

Question 1. During the Mughal era, the members of the royal family and courtiers were pleasure-loving and led a life of luxury.
Answer:
During the Mughal rule, farming, buying and selling, and the import-export of products all grew significantly. As a result, the Mughal treasury remained completely full. Hence, the royal court and palace atmosphere was full of worldly and luxurious enjoyments.
In simple words: The Mughal era saw great economic growth and a full treasury, leading the royal family and courtiers to enjoy luxurious and pleasure-filled lives.

Exam Tip: Connect economic prosperity directly to the lifestyle of the ruling class in your answer.

Question 2. Foreign travellers and representatives visited India and stayed here in the Mughal period.
Answer:

• India was widely recognized for its many products.
• India conducted trade for these products with various nations.
• This drew many foreigners to India.
• British officers like Hawking and Thomas Roe obtained permission to conduct trade in India.
• Similarly, French traveler Bernier visited India and was so impressed that he stayed there for 12 years.
• Thus, for these reasons, many foreigners settled in India during the Mughal period.

Exam Tip: Always list specific reasons (trade, famous products, specific visitors) when explaining why foreigners visited a historical region.

Question 3. Shivaji laid the foundation and established the vast Maratha kingdom.
Answer:

• Shivaji began capturing forts at the young age of 16.
• He won several forts such as Torana, Chakan, Sinhgadh, and Purandar.
• After many battles with the rulers of Bijapur and the Mughals, he was crowned in 1674.
• He was a significant Maratha ruler who worked hard to create and maintain peace in his state.
• He established a cabinet of ministers for effective administration of the state.
• Hence, it is accurately stated that Shivaji established a strong foundation for the Maratha Empire.

Exam Tip: When describing the establishment of a kingdom, highlight key actions like early conquests, major battles, coronation, and administrative setup.

Think

Question. In the present time, what percentage of the budget is allotted for the army in our country?
Answer: In the present time, the percentage of the budget allotted for the army in our country, India, is around 13-15% of the total central government expenditure. This amount primarily covers defense needs, personnel salaries, and equipment upgrades.
In simple words: Our country usually spends about 13-15% of its total budget on the army for defense and equipment.

Exam Tip: For current affairs questions, provide an approximate range rather than a precise figure, as budgets can change annually.

Question. Why are short verses like 'Doha' and 'Sakhi' popular among people?
Answer: Short verses like 'Doha' and 'Sakhi' are well-liked by people because they use simple language, are easy to understand, and often convey deep philosophical or moral messages in a concise form. Their musicality and ability to be easily memorized also contribute to their popularity.
In simple words: Dohas and Sakhis are popular because they are short, easy to remember, have simple words, and share important life lessons.

Exam Tip: When explaining the popularity of literary forms, focus on accessibility (language, length), content (moral messages), and memorability.

Activity

Get information about the way in which the festivals were celebrated in your village/city 30 years ago. Find out about the products made in your village/city that do not have to be imported.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1. Write a short note on Jahangir.
Answer:
Jahangir:

• After Akbar's passing, his son Salim governed the Mughal Dynasty from 1605 to 1627 C.E.
• Salim took the name Jahangir, which means 'conqueror of the world'.
• Prince Khusrau rebelled against Jahangir, leading to his imprisonment.
• Jahangir accused Sikh Guru Arjun Singh of assisting Prince Khusrau in his revolt, and as a result, Jahangir executed Guru Arjun Singh.
• Hawking and Thomas Roe, two British representatives, visited India during Jahangir's reign. They obtained permission to carry out trade in India.
• Jahangir's wife, Noorjahan, was very beautiful and ambitious. She managed most of the state's administration.

Exam Tip: When writing a short note on a ruler, include their reign period, key family events, significant policies (e.g., trade permissions), and influential figures in their court.

Question 2. Write a short note on Shah Jahan.
Answer:
Shah Jahan:

• After Jahangir, Shah Jahan ruled the Mughal Dynasty from 1627 to 1658 C.E.
• Shah Jahan considered farming a crucial pillar of wealth, so he gave it much importance.
• He continued the taxation system created by Akbar.
• He appointed honest and diligent officers.
• He also developed a new city called Shahjahanabad near Delhi.
• The Mughal Dynasty earned higher income during Shah Jahan's period compared to the time of other rulers.
• Shah Jahan was well-known for building grand structures.
• He built world-famous structures like the Taj Mahal, Diwan-e-Aam, and Diwan-e-Khas in Red Fort, Rang Mahal, and Jama Masjid in Delhi, among others.
• Under Shah Jahan, the Mughals experienced a Golden Age.

Exam Tip: For a short note on a ruler, focus on their reign, key administrative decisions (agriculture, revenue), and major architectural achievements that define their legacy.

Question 3. Write a short note on Aurangzeb.
Answer:
Aurangzeb:

• After Shah Jahan, his son Aurangzeb ruled the Mughal Dynasty from 1658 to 1707.
• Aurangzeb had a very sharp memory.
• He was highly skilled in Arabic and Persian languages.
• He also conducted an in-depth study of Quran-e-Sharif, the holy book of Islam.
• However, he disliked artistic expressions, music, and painting.
• The Mughal Dynasty grew even larger during his rule. However, later it also began to fall during his reign.

• Brave Rajput leader Durgadas battled Aurangzeb for 25 long years to liberate Marwar.
• Similarly, Aurangzeb fought for 25 years with the Shia states of Bijapur and Golconda in the South.
• Shivaji of Maharashtra established Maratha power in South India and continuously fought against Aurangzeb.
• Jats and Sikhs also rebelled against Aurangzeb.

Exam Tip: A comprehensive note on Aurangzeb should cover his administrative abilities, personal preferences, and the numerous conflicts that marked his reign and contributed to the empire's eventual decline.

Question 4. Describe social life during the Mughal period.
Answer:
Social life during the Mughal period:

• During the Mughal period, a feudal system existed in society.
• The kings were involved in worldly and sensual pleasures.
• The kings and nobles enjoyed wearing elaborate clothes with many ornaments.
• According to Abul Fazal, a history writer, 1,000 expensive garments were tailored each year for the king.
• During the Mughal period, Gujarati traders had very large businesses. Many goods were
• imported and exported through the ports of Gujarat.
• Festivals were celebrated with great splendor.
• During Jahangir's rule, Dusshera was celebrated in a grand manner.
• None of the British traders had permission to take wealth out of India.

Exam Tip: When describing social life, include aspects like social structure (feudalism), lifestyle of the elite, economic activities, cultural practices (festivals), and foreign interactions.

Question 5. Explain the economic condition during the Mughal period.
Answer:
Economic condition during the Mughal period:

• The economic situation during the Mughal period is well described in Abul Fazal's book.
• At that time, 'Ratal' was the unit used to measure weight.
• One Ratal was equivalent to one score. (Today, 1 score = 20 kg)
• Villages were self-sufficient, so villagers produced almost all the necessities they needed.
• Lahore shawls, Fatehpur Sikri mats, Gujarat cotton clothes, and Dhaka muslin fabric were famous worldwide.
• Goods were imported and exported from important ports like Khambhat, Surat, Bharuch, Malabar, and Bengal.

Exam Tip: When explaining economic conditions, include details about measurement units, self-sufficiency, prominent industries, and key trade routes or ports.

Question 6. Give a brief introduction of Veer Durgadas.
Answer:
Veer Durgadas:

• When the King of Jodhpur passed away, his wife and son faced threats from the Mughals.
• It was Veer Durgadas who brought them to a safe location and gave them refuge.
• After that, with the help of devoted soldiers, he protected Marwar from Aurangzeb for 25 years.
• Aurangzeb was unable to conquer Marwar and eventually had to negotiate with the Rajputs.

Exam Tip: In an introduction of a historical figure, highlight their key actions, their role in major conflicts, and their impact on specific regions or events.

Question 7. Write a detailed note on Chhatrapati Shivaji.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji:

• Shivaji was born in 1603 C.E. in the Shahji Bhonsle family, at Shivneri palace.
• His mother Jijabai and mentor Dadoji Kondev provided him with training.
• Shivaji envisioned an independent state within the small Pune estate.
• He inherited traits of self-respect, bravery, and intelligence from his mother.
• His mentor taught him lessons on politics.
• He also had close friends like Tanaji.
• Shivaji gradually expanded his army.
• He began capturing forts at the early age of 16.
• He won forts such as Torana, Chakan, Sinhgadh, and Purandar.
• After many battles with the rulers of Bijapur and the Mughals, he was crowned in 1674.
• He was a great Maratha ruler who worked hard to establish and maintain peace in the state.
• He formed a cabinet of eight ministers for efficient administration of the state.

Exam Tip: A detailed note on a figure like Shivaji should cover their birth, early influences, key achievements (forts, battles), coronation, and administrative contributions.

Question 8. How did Mughal rule end in India?
Answer:

• The great Mughal Empire, which was formed in 1526 C.E., began to decline from 1707 C.E.
• Mughals became exhausted from continuous fighting with the Marathas in the south for 25 long years.
• Eventually, a weary Aurangzeb returned to the north.
• He was quite old then. After his passing, the Mughal Empire started its decline in India.
• After Aurangzeb, the Mughals began battling for the throne. Nobody was truly capable of managing the large empire properly.
• It is also believed that Aurangzeb's strict policies were also a reason for the downfall of Mughals in India.

Exam Tip: When explaining the end of a major empire, focus on a combination of factors such as prolonged conflicts, weak leadership after a strong ruler, and internal power struggles.

Answer in One or Two Sentence(s)

Question 1. Write the names of Mughal kings in chronological order.
Answer: Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb were the Mughal kings in chronological order.
In simple words: The Mughal kings, in order, were Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb.

Exam Tip: For chronological questions, ensure you list all names in the correct sequence, double-checking the order.

Question 2. What does the word 'Jahangir' means?
Answer: 'Jahan' means world, and 'gir' means win, so 'Jahangir' means 'winner of the world'.
In simple words: 'Jahangir' means 'winner of the world'.

Exam Tip: When defining a term, provide both parts of the word if it's a compound, and then state its full meaning clearly.

Question 3. Which English visited India during the reign of Jahangir? Why?
Answer: Hawking and Thomas Roe visited India during Jahangir's reign to seek permission to trade in India.
In simple words: Hawking and Thomas Roe came to India when Jahangir ruled, wanting permission to trade.

Exam Tip: Always mention both the individuals and their specific purpose when asked about historical visitors and their reasons.

Question 4. Who handled the administrative work of the kingdom of Jahangir?
Answer: Jahangir's wife, Nurjahan, handled most of the administrative work of the kingdom.
In simple words: Jahangir's wife, Nurjahan, managed most of the kingdom's official duties.

Exam Tip: For questions about who managed administration, clearly state the person's name and their relationship to the ruler.

Question 5. Which famous monuments were constructed by Shah Jahan?
Answer: Shah Jahan constructed famous monuments such as the Taj Mahal, Diwan-e-Aam, and Diwan-e-Khas in Red Fort, Rang Mahal, and Jama Masjid in Delhi.
In simple words: Shah Jahan built the famous Taj Mahal, Diwan-e-Aam, Diwan-e-Khas, Rang Mahal, and Jama Masjid.

Exam Tip: When listing famous monuments, include at least three key examples to show your knowledge comprehensively.

Question 6. Which states were against Aurangzeb?
Answer: Marwar, Bijapur, Golkonda, Maharashtra, and other southern Indian states were against Aurangzeb.
In simple words: Marwar, Bijapur, Golkonda, Maharashtra, and other southern states opposed Aurangzeb.

Exam Tip: When listing opposing states, ensure to include a mix of regions or major groups to demonstrate broad resistance.

Question 7. What type of clothes did Mughal Kings were?
Answer: Mughal Kings wore gaudy clothes with many ornaments, often very expensive.
In simple words: Mughal Kings wore fancy, decorated clothes with lots of jewelry.

Exam Tip: Describe clothing by mentioning both its style (gaudy, expensive) and accessories (ornaments) to provide a complete picture.

Question 8. List a few items of India that were world-famous during the Mughal Era.
Answer: Shawls of Lahore, dhurries (mats) of Fatehpur Sikri, cotton clothes of Gujarat, and muslin of Dhaka were world-famous items during the Mughal Era.
In simple words: Lahore shawls, Fatehpur Sikri mats, Gujarat cotton, and Dhaka muslin were world-famous Indian goods during the Mughal Era.

Exam Tip: When listing famous items, specify their region of origin where possible, as this adds detail and accuracy.

Question 9. Why is Shah Jahan known as the 'Architect of Palaces'?
Answer: Shah Jahan is known as the 'Architect of Palaces' because he built many world-famous architectural wonders and grand palaces.
In simple words: Shah Jahan built many famous palaces and grand buildings, so he is called the 'Architect of Palaces'.

Exam Tip: For titles related to a ruler, directly link the title to their major achievements in a concise manner.

Question 10. Who wrote Dohas?
Answer: Kabir wrote many famous Dohas.
In simple words: Kabir was the writer of Dohas.

Exam Tip: For specific authorship questions, state the name of the author clearly and directly.

Question 11. Who composed Hindi poetry during the Mughal Era?
Answer: Raskhan, a follower of Vaishnav Acharya Viththalnathji, composed Hindi poetry during the Mughal Era.
In simple words: Raskhan, a follower of Viththalnathji, wrote Hindi poetry during the Mughal Era.

Exam Tip: When mentioning poets, it's good to include any significant affiliations or influences if known.

Question 12. What attracted foreign travellers to India during the Mughal Era?
Answer: The administrative system and the social life of the Mughal Era attracted foreign travelers to India.
In simple words: Foreign visitors were drawn to India during the Mughal Era by its governing style and everyday social life.

Exam Tip: Focus on unique cultural and structural aspects that would draw external observers when explaining attraction points for travelers.

Question 13. Which foreign travellers visited India during the Mughal Era?
Answer: Tavernier and Bernier from France were foreign travelers who visited India during the Mughal Era.
In simple words: French travelers Tavernier and Bernier came to India in the Mughal period.

Exam Tip: Provide specific names and their country of origin for questions about foreign visitors.

Question 14. What had Bernier mentioned in his travelogue about India?
Answer:
A. Mughal rulers spent too much money on their army.
B. Indian textiles were very famous in the markets of Europe and Asia.
In simple words: Bernier wrote that Mughal rulers spent excessively on their army and that Indian textiles were highly popular in European and Asian markets.

Exam Tip: When citing a traveler's observations, provide distinct points covering different aspects like governance and economy.

Question 15. Who were against the Mughal rule? OR With whom did Aurangzeb have constant conflicts?
Answer:
A. Durgadas of Marwar.
B. Shivaji Maharaj of Maharashtra.
C. Shia states of Bijapur and Golkonda.
D. Jat and Sikhs.
In simple words: Aurangzeb faced continuous conflicts with Durgadas of Marwar, Shivaji Maharaj, the Shia states of Bijapur and Golkonda, and the Jats and Sikhs.

Exam Tip: List all significant groups or individuals who actively opposed the ruler or empire to provide a complete answer.

Question 16. With what title was Shivaji coronated?
Answer: Shivaji was coronated with the title Chhatrapati.
In simple words: Shivaji received the title Chhatrapati when he was crowned.

Exam Tip: For specific titles, state the title clearly and accurately, ensuring correct spelling.

Question 17. Which qualities did Shivaji inherit from his mother?
Answer: Shivaji inherited qualities such as self-respect, fearlessness, and brilliance from his mother.
In simple words: From his mother, Shivaji gained self-respect, courage, and intelligence.

Exam Tip: When listing inherited qualities, provide at least three distinct positive traits to show a good understanding.

Question 18. Which forts did Shivaji win?
Answer: Shivaji won forts like Torana, Chakan, Sinhgadh, and Purandar.
In simple words: Shivaji captured forts such as Torana, Chakan, Sinhgadh, and Purandar.

Exam Tip: Name specific forts to make your answer more concrete and demonstrate detailed knowledge of Shivaji's conquests.

Question 19. How did Shivaji administer his kingdom?
Answer: Shivaji administered his kingdom with the help of his cabinet of ministers.
In simple words: Shivaji managed his kingdom using a group of ministers.

Exam Tip: For administrative questions, always mention the key governing body or system used by the ruler.

Question 20. When did the Mughal empire's downfall begin?
Answer: The Mughal empire's downfall began in 1707 C.E., during the reign of Aurangzeb.
In simple words: The Mughal empire started to decline in 1707 C.E., during Aurangzeb's rule.

Exam Tip: State the specific year and the ruler's name for clarity when asked about the beginning of an empire's decline.

Question 21. What did Kabir and Rahim write?
Answer: Kabir wrote Dohas, and Rahim wrote Sakhi.
In simple words: Kabir composed Dohas, and Rahim wrote Sakhi.

Exam Tip: Clearly attribute each literary work to its respective author when asked about multiple writers.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Who was the most inspiring ruler of the Mughal dynasty?
(A) Akbar
(B) Jahangir
(C) Aurangzeb
(D) Shah Jahan
Answer: (B) Jahangir
In simple words: Among the options, Jahangir is considered the most inspiring ruler of the Mughal dynasty.

Exam Tip: For MCQs about subjective qualities like "inspiring," recall general perceptions or key achievements associated with each ruler.

Question 2. The downfall of the Mughal Empire began during the reign of ..........................
(A) Akbar
(B) Jahangir
(C) Aurangzeb
(D) Shah Jahan
Answer: (C) Aurangzeb
In simple words: The decline of the Mughal Empire began during Aurangzeb's rule.

Exam Tip: Remember the historical period when the Mughal Empire started facing significant challenges and choose the ruler associated with that time.

Question 3. Jahangir killed Sikh Guru ..........................
(A) Govind Singh
(B) Gurunanakji
(C) Arjun Singh
(D) Teg Bahadur
Answer: (C) Arjun Singh
In simple words: Jahangir ordered the execution of Sikh Guru Arjun Singh.

Exam Tip: Accurately recall specific historical events and the individuals involved, especially when dealing with names.

Question 4. Jahangir allowed the .......................... to trade In India.
(A) English
(B) Dutch
(C) French
(D) Portuguese
Answer: (A) English
In simple words: Jahangir gave permission to the English to conduct trade in India.

Exam Tip: Remember which European power gained early trade concessions from Mughal rulers, as this is a key historical detail.

Question 5. The reign of .......................... earned maximum revenue during the Mughal dynasty.
(A) Akbar
(B) Jahangir
(C) Shah Jahan
(D) Aurangzeb
Answer: (C) Shah Jahan
In simple words: Shah Jahan's rule generated the highest income for the Mughal dynasty.

Exam Tip: Associate periods of great construction and economic prosperity with high revenue generation, which often occurred during Shah Jahan's reign.

Question 6. Aurangzeb did not like ..........................
(A) Art
(B) Music
(C) Painting
(D) All of these
Answer: (D) All of these
In simple words: Aurangzeb disliked all forms of art, music, and painting.

Exam Tip: Understand a ruler's personal preferences, especially those that affected cultural development, to answer such questions accurately.

Question 7. Durgadas fought to free ..........................
(A) Malwa
(B) Bijapur
(C) Marwad
(D) Golkonda
Answer: (C) Marwad
In simple words: Durgadas fought bravely to free Marwad from Mughal control.

Exam Tip: Recall the specific region that Durgadas Rathore was associated with and aimed to protect.

Question 8. Aurangzeb had constant conflicts with ..........................
(A) Bijapur
(B) Golkonda
(C) Maharashtra
(D) All of these
Answer: (D) All of these
In simple words: Aurangzeb was in constant conflict with Bijapur, Golkonda, and Maharashtra (Marathas).

Exam Tip: When listing conflicts, remember that Aurangzeb faced widespread resistance across various regions, often making "All of these" a likely answer if multiple regions are listed.

Question 9. Aurangzeb had conflicts with
(A) Sikhs
(B) Mongolians
(C) Buddhists
(D) All of these
Answer: (A) Sikhs
In simple words: Aurangzeb had disagreements and battles with the Sikhs during his rule.

Exam Tip: Remember specific groups Aurangzeb clashed with, as this is a key part of his reign's history.

Question 10. Which festival was celebrated in a grand manner during Jahangir's reign?
(A) Ganesh Chaturthi
(B) Deepavali
(C) Rakshabandhan
(D) Dusshera
Answer: (D) Dusshera
In simple words: During Jahangir's time, the festival of Dusshera was celebrated with great pomp and show.

Exam Tip: Note which specific cultural or religious events were highlighted during different Mughal emperors' reigns.

Question 11. A lot can be known about the Mughal period from the book written by
(A) Mulla Dopiya
(B) Abul Fazal
(C) Maheshdas Birbal
(D) Abdul Rahim
Answer: (B) Abul Fazal
In simple words: Abul Fazal wrote an important book that tells us a lot about the Mughal period.

Exam Tip: Identifying key historians and their works is crucial for understanding historical periods.

Question 12. The shawls of __________ were very famous during the Mughal Era.
(A) Lahore
(B) Rawalpindi
(C) Jaipur
(D) Coimbatore
Answer: (A) Lahore
In simple words: Shawls made in Lahore were widely recognized and desired during the time of the Mughals.

Exam Tip: Remember important trade goods and their places of origin during specific historical eras.

Question 13. The reign of __________ is considered the Golden Age of Mughal Era.
(A) Akbar
(B) Shah Jahan
(C) Humayun
(D) Jahangir
Answer: (B) Shah Jahan
In simple words: The time when Shah Jahan ruled is often called the Golden Age of the Mughal period.

Exam Tip: Associate specific emperors with key historical descriptions, like 'Golden Age' for Shah Jahan.

Question 14. Veer Durgadas gave refuge to the Queen of __________.
(A) Jaisalmer
(B) Jaipur
(C) Jodhpur
(D) Jamshedpur
Answer: (C) Jodhpur
In simple words: Veer Durgadas offered protection and shelter to the Queen of Jodhpur.

Exam Tip: Knowing which rulers or figures were protected by historical heroes demonstrates a good grasp of the facts.

Question 15. Shivaji was born in __________ C.E.
(A) 1601
(B) 1603
(C) 1605
(D) 1607
Answer: (B) 1603
In simple words: Shivaji, the Maratha ruler, was born in the year 1603 CE.

Exam Tip: Precise dates for key historical figures' births and important events are often tested.

Question 16. Shivaji was coronated in __________.
(A) 1662
(B) 1668
(C) 1672
(D) 1674
Answer: (D) 1674
In simple words: Shivaji officially became king in 1674, during his coronation ceremony.

Exam Tip: Learn the significant dates of coronations or accessions to power for important historical rulers.

Question 17. Mughal empire started declining in __________ C.E.
(A) 1772
(B) 1753
(C) 1729
(D) 1707
Answer: (D) 1707
In simple words: The decline of the Mughal Empire began in the year 1707 CE.

Exam Tip: Knowing the start of a decline period is as important as knowing the peak for historical empires.

Question 18. Shivaji started capturing forts at the age of __________.
(A) 12
(B) 14
(C) 16
(D) 18
Answer: (C) 16
In simple words: Shivaji began taking over forts when he was 16 years old.

Exam Tip: Focus on early significant achievements or turning points in the lives of historical leaders.

Question 19. The Maratha ruled over __________ India.
(A) East
(B) North
(C) South
(D) Allover
Answer: (C) South
In simple words: The Maratha kingdom primarily extended its rule over parts of South India.

Exam Tip: Understand the geographical spread and influence of different empires and kingdoms.

Question 20. Shah Jahan was Imprisoned in the by Aurangzeb.
(A) Taj Mahal
(B) Moti Masjid
(C) Red Fort
(D) Fort of Agra
Answer: (D) Fort of Agra
In simple words: Shah Jahan was kept as a prisoner in the Fort of Agra by his son, Aurangzeb.

Exam Tip: Remember significant places associated with major historical events, such as imprisonment of emperors.

Fill in the blanks

Question 1. Jahangir was the son of __________.
Answer: Akbar
In simple words: Jahangir was the son of Emperor Akbar.

Exam Tip: Knowing the succession of Mughal emperors is fundamental to understanding the dynasty.

Question 2. Many architectural monuments were constructed during the reign of __________.
Answer: Shah Jahan
In simple words: A lot of famous buildings were built when Shah Jahan was ruling.

Exam Tip: Connect major architectural achievements with the specific ruler under whose reign they occurred.

Question 3. __________ adopted the name Jahangir.
Answer: Salim
In simple words: Prince Salim took on the name Jahangir when he became emperor.

Exam Tip: Remember the birth names of emperors who adopted new names upon ascending the throne.

Question 4. __________ revolted against Jahangir.
Answer: Prince Khusrau
In simple words: Prince Khusrau led a rebellion against his father, Jahangir.

Exam Tip: Identify key rebellions and the individuals who led them during different Mughal reigns.

Question 5. Jahangir's wife was __________.
Answer: Nurjahan
In simple words: Nurjahan was the wife of Emperor Jahangir.

Exam Tip: Know the prominent royal figures and their relationships within the Mughal dynasty.

Question 6. Shah Jahan believed that __________ is the pillar of prosperity.
Answer: agriculture
In simple words: Shah Jahan felt that farming was the main foundation for a country to be wealthy.

Exam Tip: Understand the economic philosophies or priorities of different Mughal rulers.

Question 7. Shah Jahan established a new city called __________.
Answer: Shahjahanabad
In simple words: Shah Jahan founded a new city known as Shahjahanabad.

Exam Tip: Remember the names of cities founded or significantly developed by various emperors.

Question 8. Aurangzeb was well-versed with __________ and __________ languages.
Answer: Arabic, Persian
In simple words: Aurangzeb was highly skilled in both the Arabic and Persian languages.

Exam Tip: Note the academic or linguistic talents attributed to Mughal emperors.

Question 9. Aurangzeb had studied __________ in depth.
Answer: Quran-e-Sharif
In simple words: Aurangzeb had deeply studied the Quran-e-Sharif, which is the holy book of Islam.

Exam Tip: Understand the religious and scholarly inclinations of different Mughal rulers.

Question 10. Aurangzeb had conflicts with Shia states namely __________ and __________.
Answer: Bijapur, Golkonda
In simple words: Aurangzeb had military clashes with the Shia kingdoms of Bijapur and Golkonda.

Exam Tip: Remember the specific states or groups that were in conflict with different Mughal emperors.

Question 11. Shivaji ruled over __________.
Answer: Maharashtra
In simple words: Shivaji established and governed a kingdom primarily in the region of Maharashtra.

Exam Tip: Clearly associate regional rulers with the specific territories they governed.

Question 12. Abul Fazal wrote that every year __________ expensive clothes were stitched for the king.
Answer: 1000
In simple words: Abul Fazal recorded that a thousand costly garments were made for the king each year.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific details or figures mentioned by historical chroniclers.

Question 13. __________ Ratal was equal to one score.
Answer: 1
In simple words: One Ratal was equivalent to one score in the traditional system of measurement.

Exam Tip: Understand historical units of measurement and their modern equivalents.

Question 14. The muslin of __________ was very famous.
Answer: Dhaka
In simple words: Fine muslin cloth produced in Dhaka was widely celebrated for its quality.

Exam Tip: Note famous products and their regions of origin during the Mughal period.

Question 15. Mughal palaces were decorated in __________ and __________ styles.
Answer: Hindu, Muslim
In simple words: Mughal palaces featured a beautiful mix of both Hindu and Muslim artistic styles.

Exam Tip: Recognize the syncretic nature of Mughal art and architecture, blending different cultural influences.

Question 16. Shah Jahan is widely remembered as the __________.
Answer: Architect of Palaces
In simple words: Shah Jahan is well-known for being a great builder of grand palaces.

Exam Tip: Associate specific titles or epithets with the emperors they describe.

Question 17. Bernier stayed in India for __________ years.
Answer: 12
In simple words: The French traveler Bernier resided in India for a period of 12 years.

Exam Tip: Remember details about foreign travelers and their duration of stay, as they provide valuable historical accounts.

Question 18. Indian textile was very famous in the markets of __________ and __________ during the Mughal Era.
Answer: Europe, Asia
In simple words: Indian fabrics were highly sought after in the markets of both Europe and Asia during the Mughal period.

Exam Tip: Understand the global reach and economic significance of Indian goods during historical periods.

Question 19. Durgadas protected Marwar from the Mughals for __________ years.
Answer: 25
In simple words: Durgadas defended the kingdom of Marwar against the Mughals for 25 years.

Exam Tip: Specific durations of conflicts or resistance are important historical facts to remember.

Question 20. Shivaji's father's name was __________.
Answer: Shahji Bhonsle
In simple words: Shahji Bhonsle was the name of Shivaji's father.

Exam Tip: Knowing the family lineage of important historical figures is crucial.

Question 21. Shivaji's mother's name was __________.
Answer: Jijabai
In simple words: Jijabai was the name of Shivaji's mother.

Exam Tip: Recognize the role and names of influential family members of historical leaders.

Question 22. Shivaji's mentor's name was __________.
Answer: Dadoji Kondev
In simple words: Dadoji Kondev was the mentor who guided Shivaji.

Exam Tip: Identify key mentors or teachers who shaped the development of historical leaders.

Question 23. Shivaji dreamt of an independent state in the small estate of __________.
Answer: Pune
In simple words: Shivaji envisioned creating a self-governing state, starting from the small region of Pune.

Exam Tip: Understand the early ambitions and starting points of major historical movements.

Question 24. Shivaji's best friend's name was __________.
Answer: Tanaji
In simple words: Tanaji was Shivaji's closest friend and loyal companion.

Exam Tip: Recognizing key allies and friends of historical figures helps paint a fuller picture of their lives.

Question 25. The Mughal empire was established in __________ C.E.
Answer: 1526
In simple words: The Mughal Empire began its rule in the year 1526 CE.

Exam Tip: The establishment date of major empires is a foundational fact for historical understanding.

True or False

Question 1. Jahangir killed Guru Arjun Singh on the pretext that the Guru had helped Kusharu for the revolt.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is correct that Jahangir executed Guru Arjun Singh, claiming the Guru had supported Prince Khusrau's rebellion.

Exam Tip: Key events involving religious figures and political conflicts are often significant and should be noted carefully.

Question 2. Akbar considered agriculture as the pillar of prosperity.
Answer: False
In simple words: It was Shah Jahan, not Akbar, who mainly viewed agriculture as the foundation of wealth.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between the specific policies and priorities of different emperors to avoid common misconceptions.

Question 3. Aurangzeb has a very sharp memory.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that Aurangzeb was known for having a very strong memory.

Exam Tip: Personal attributes of rulers, if notable, can be used to distinguish them in historical accounts.

Question 4. Akbar did an in-depth study of Quran-e-Sharif, the holy book of Islam.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false; it was Aurangzeb, not Akbar, who undertook a deep study of the Quran-e-Sharif.

Exam Tip: Accurately attribute religious studies or scholarly pursuits to the correct Mughal emperor.

Question 5. Rajput leader Shivaji fought with Aurangzeb for 25 years.
Answer: False
In simple words: This is false; it was Durgadas, a Rajput leader, who fought Aurangzeb for 25 years, not Shivaji.

Exam Tip: Ensure you attribute specific events and durations of conflicts to the correct historical figures.

Question 6. Abul Fazal was a famous history writer.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is correct that Abul Fazal was a well-known historian.

Exam Tip: Identify prominent historians and their contributions to the knowledge of specific periods.

Question 7. Gujarat had a booming trade during the Mughal period.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Gujarat experienced flourishing trade during the Mughal rule.

Exam Tip: Understand regional economic activities and their prosperity during different historical eras.

Question 8. 1 ratal = 20 kg.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is accurate that one ratal was equal to 20 kilograms.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with historical units of measurement and their modern equivalents.

Question 9. As per Bernier, the Mughals kept a large army and used to spend huge amounts on it.
Answer: True
In simple words: Bernier's accounts confirm that the Mughals maintained a large military and allocated significant funds to it.

Exam Tip: Use foreign travelers' accounts as primary sources for understanding historical observations.

Question 10. Marathas made Mughals tired and frustrated of wars.
Answer: True
In simple words: The prolonged conflicts with the Marathas did indeed exhaust and wear down the Mughal forces.

Exam Tip: Recognize the impact of continuous warfare on empires, including factors like fatigue and frustration.

Question 11. The Mughals could not find an able king after Aurangzeb.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that after Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire struggled to find capable rulers, which contributed to its decline.

Exam Tip: The absence of strong leadership is a common factor in the decline of empires; be aware of such turning points.

Question 12. During the Mughal rule, maximum construction took place in the rule of Sahajahan.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is correct that most of the grand buildings were erected during Shah Jahan's reign.

Exam Tip: Associate periods of extensive construction or artistic flourishing with the relevant emperor.

Activity

Question 1. Against the name of each King, write the years during which he ruled: Babur, Humayun, Shershah, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb.
Answer:
1. Babur: 1526-1530 C.E.
2. Humayun: 1530-1540 C.E. and 1555-1556 C.E.
3. Shershah: 1540-1545 C.E.
4. Akbar: 1556-1605 C.E.
5. Jahangir: 1605-1627 C.E.
6. Shah Jahan: 1627-1658 C.E.
7. Aurangzeb: 1658-1707 C.E.
In simple words: This list shows the ruling periods for each of the Mughal emperors mentioned, from Babur to Aurangzeb.

Exam Tip: Memorize the chronological order and reign dates of the major Mughal emperors for a strong historical timeline.