GSEB Class 7 Social Science Solutions Chapter 17 જાતિગત ભિન્નતા

1. યોગ્ય શબ્દ કે અંક વડે નીચેના વિધાનોની ખાલી જગ્યા પૂરોઃ

Question 1. જાતિગત ભિન્નતાની અસર મોટે ભાગે ................................... માં જોવા મળે છે.
Answer: ગામડાં
In simple words: The effects of gender differences are mostly seen in villages.

Exam Tip: Remember where the impact of gender inequality is most prevalent to answer such fill-in-the-blank questions accurately.

Question 2. ઈ. સ. 2011માં પ્રતિ હજાર પુરુષ સામે સ્ત્રીઓનું પ્રમાણ.......... હતું.
Answer: 940
In simple words: In 2011, there were 940 women for every thousand men.

Exam Tip: It is important to recall the specific demographic statistics, especially ratios like the sex ratio, for historical survey questions.

2. નીચેના પ્રશ્નોના ટૂંકમાં ઉત્તર આપો:

Question 1. બાળઉછેર અંગે કઈ કઈ બાબતોમાં ભેદભાવ જોવા મળે છે?
Answer:

• Indian society often shows bias and inequality between sons and daughters regarding clothing choices, games, driving vehicles, food preferences, travel, behavior, and getting higher education.
• In some regions of the country, girls are not even allowed to finish their primary education.
• Parents sometimes show indifference towards educating their daughters.
• Guardians often do not like sending their daughters to cities outside their village or area for studying or working.
• Even today, many arguments and debates exist in some communities about giving education to girls.

Exam Tip: When listing points about social issues, ensure you cover various aspects like education, freedom, and societal attitudes to provide a comprehensive answer.

Question 2. ધરકામમાં કઈ કઈ બાબતોમાં ભેદભાવ જોવા મળે છે?
Answer: There is a common belief in society that girls are physically less capable than boys. As a result, girls are often asked to do more household chores compared to boys. For example, girls help with cooking in the house, play with their younger siblings, clean the house, fill water in utensils, and wash clothes. Boys can ride bicycles or other vehicles for household tasks and learn to drive; however, girls are not typically considered capable of these tasks.
In simple words: Girls are often made to do more house chores like cooking, cleaning, and washing clothes, because people think they are not as strong as boys. Boys, on the other hand, are allowed to do outdoor tasks and learn to drive, which girls are not usually encouraged to do.

Exam Tip: When discussing gender bias in household chores, specify examples of tasks typically assigned to girls and those considered more appropriate for boys, along with the underlying societal beliefs.

Question 3. રૂઢિગત રીતે પ્રાથમિક શિક્ષણ પૂર્ણ થાય તેમાં કોની સંખ્યા વધારે હોય છે?
Answer: Traditionally, the number of boys who complete primary education is higher than that of girls.
In simple words: More boys usually finish primary school than girls, because of old ways of thinking.

Exam Tip: Focus on the traditional trend and clearly state which gender has a higher completion rate for primary education.

3. નીચેના પ્રશ્નોના ઉત્તર એક-બે વાક્યોમાં આપો:

Question 1. મહિલા સશક્તીકરણ માટે સરકાર કેવા પ્રયત્નો કરે છે?
Answer: The government offers special help for girls to get higher education to empower women. The government has made a law against female foeticide before birth, making prenatal sex determination a legal offense. The government is also trying hard to ensure girls finish primary education as much as possible. Additionally, many schemes like 'Startup India' and 'Make in India' are run by the government for women's empowerment. The government keeps trying to protect and secure girls.
In simple words: The government gives special aid for girls' higher education. It also made a law against killing unborn girls and works to ensure girls complete primary school. Programs like 'Startup India' and 'Make in India' also help empower women.

Exam Tip: When describing government efforts, mention specific initiatives, laws, or schemes along with their objectives to show a clear understanding.

Question 2. કયાં કયાં કામમાં મહિલાઓ આજે પણ ઓછી જોવા મળે છે?
Answer: Today, women are still found in smaller numbers in the country's armed forces and police department. Moreover, their representation is also less in senior official positions working in state legislative assemblies, parliament, and local self-governing bodies; and among managers and professional/technical staff working in private and public sectors.
In simple words: Women are still less common in the army, police, and high-level government jobs. They are also fewer in number as managers and technical workers in both private and public companies.

Exam Tip: List specific sectors (e.g., defense, police, high-level management, political bodies) where female representation remains low to fully answer this question.

Question 3. આઝાદી સમયે મહિલાઓ કઈ રીતે આંદોલનમાં જોડાઈ હતી?
Answer: To gain independence, many types of movements happened under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership against the British. Women from all over the country, including Gujarat, with Kasturba Gandhi, participated in these movements.
In simple words: During the freedom fight, many women, led by people like Kasturba Gandhi, joined movements against the British across the country.

Exam Tip: When discussing historical participation, mention key figures and the nature of the movement to provide context.

4. ટૂંક નોંધ લખોઃ

Question 1. નારી સશક્તીકરણ
Answer: Over the past two decades, the government has launched many plans and programs for women's empowerment. Currently, several schemes like 'Startup India' and 'Make in India' are in effect for women's empowerment. In 2001, the central government implemented a National Policy for Women's Empowerment. According to this policy, financial aid is given to women for animal husbandry, industries, and other ventures to help them become self-reliant. Additionally, government schemes and public institutions also assist women in becoming independent. The formation of women's welfare centers has occurred to solve social, legal, and employment-related issues for women. Women's courts have been established across the country so that poor women can easily get justice. The government has also made laws to protect women from sexual harassment and to enable them to work or do business independently and safely.
In simple words: For the last twenty years, the government has started many programs to empower women, like 'Startup India' and 'Make in India'. A policy was also started in 2001 to help women with money for businesses and farms, making them self-sufficient. There are also women's welfare centers and courts to help women with legal and social issues, and laws to keep them safe at work.

Exam Tip: For a short note on women's empowerment, include government policies, specific schemes, and measures taken to ensure social, legal, and economic support.

Question 2. ભારતમાં શિક્ષણ અને રૂઢિગત માન્યતા
Answer: The Indian Constitution decided to give free and compulsory education to every child in the country aged 6 to 14. Moreover, in today's time, both boys and girls have an equal right to get an education. Despite this, due to traditional beliefs, girls in some areas of the country face many difficulties in enjoying their right to education. Parents do not even allow them to complete primary education. The existing discrimination in society encourages harmful customs like child marriage. Child marriages primarily prevent girls from progressing in education. The government is offering free education and special facilities for girls at every level. Despite this, parents show indifference towards educating their daughters. For the past two decades, the government has made strong efforts to ensure girls complete primary education. Yet, today, many questions arise in some communities about educating girls. Parents are not willing to send their daughters to study outside their village, and instead of sending them to cities for jobs, they prefer them to work in their local area.
In simple words: India's constitution guarantees free education for all children aged 6-14, giving boys and girls equal schooling rights. However, old customs still stop many girls from getting a full education, with some parents not letting them finish primary school. Child marriage also harms girls' education. While the government provides free education and special help, many parents are still hesitant to send girls away for study or work, preferring them to stay local.

Exam Tip: When discussing education and traditional beliefs, outline the constitutional provisions, the prevailing challenges faced by girls, government efforts, and persistent societal attitudes.