GSEB Class 7 Social Science Solutions Chapter 14 સંસાધનોનું જતન અને સંરક્ષણ

1. નીચે આપેલ પ્રશ્નોના ઉત્તર માટે આપેલ વિકલ્પોમાંથી કે સાચો વિકલ્પ શોધીને લખો:

Question 1. સંસાધનોને મુખ્ય કેટલાં જૂથોમાં વહેંચવામાં આવે છે?
(A) બે
(B) ત્રણ
(C) ચાર
(D) પાંચ
Answer: (A) બે
In simple words: Resources are mainly divided into two main categories, making it simpler to manage them.

Exam Tip: Remember the two main categories of resources: natural and human-made, as this is a fundamental classification.

Question 2. નીચેનામાંથી સિંચાઈનાં માધ્યમો કયાં છે?
(A) કૂવા
(B) નહેર
(C) તળાવ
(D) આપેલ તમામ
Answer: (D) આપેલ તમામ
In simple words: Wells, canals, and ponds are all ways people water their farms. They are all common methods for irrigation.

Exam Tip: When faced with "All of the options", quickly review if each listed option is plausible before confirming the overall choice.

Question 3. ભારતમાં સૌથી વધુ જંગલો ક્યાં જોવા મળે છે?
(A) ગુજરાતમાં
(B) અસમમાં
(C) અંદમાન-નિકોબારમાં
(D) હરિયાણામાં
Answer: (C) અંદમાન-નિકોબારમાં
In simple words: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have the most forests in India, covering a large area.

Exam Tip: Questions about geographical distribution of natural resources often appear; knowing the highest concentration areas is important.

Question 4. નીચેનામાંથી કયું પક્ષી કચ્છના રણમાં જોવા મળે છે?
(A) શાહમૃગ
(B) સુરખાબ
(C) સ્નો પાર્ટરીચ
(D) પંગ્વિન
Answer: (B) સુરખાબ
In simple words: The flamingo bird is commonly seen in the Rann of Kutch, where it comes to breed.

Exam Tip: Specific questions about regional flora and fauna require knowing unique species found in particular geographical areas.

Question 5. લડાખમાં કયું વિશિષ્ટ પ્રાણી જોવા મળે છે?
(A) યાક
(B) ઘુડખર
(C) શિયાળ
(D) ગાય
Answer: (A) યાક
In simple words: The yak is a special animal found in Ladakh, well-suited to its cold mountainous environment.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific regional characteristics and the unique animals adapted to those environments.

2. નીચેના પ્રશ્નોના ઉત્તર એક-એક વાક્યમાં આપો:

Question 1. સહરાના રણમાં લોકો શાની ખેતી કરે છે?
Answer: In the Sahara Desert, people primarily cultivate dates and wheat. They grow these crops in specific areas where water is available.
In simple words: People in the Sahara Desert grow dates and wheat.

Exam Tip: For single-sentence answers, directly state the fact without extra details, ensuring it's concise and accurate.

Question 2. ખડકોના નાના-મોટા ટુકડા, કાંકરા અને માટીની રજથી બનેલું પૃથ્વીનું પડ ક્યા નામે ઓળખાય છે?
Answer: The Earth's layer formed from small and large pieces of rock, gravel, and soil particles is known as 'Regolith'. This layer is found right above the bedrock.
In simple words: The Earth's layer made of rock bits, gravel, and dust is called 'Regolith'.

Exam Tip: Define scientific terms precisely; ensuring the correct term is used is crucial for full marks.

Question 3. પાણીનો મુખ્ય સ્ત્રોત કયો છે?
Answer: The primary source of water is rain (precipitation). Rain fills up rivers, lakes, and groundwater reserves.
In simple words: The main source of water is rain.

Exam Tip: Always identify the most fundamental source when asked about origins of natural elements like water.

Question 4. ગુજરાતની નદીઓમાં જોવા મળતું કર્યું પ્રાણી લુપ્તા થવાને આરે છે?
Answer: The aquatic animal found in Gujarat's rivers that is close to extinction is the otter (Jalbiladi). Its population has greatly reduced over time.
In simple words: The otter, called 'Jalbiladi', is almost extinct in Gujarat's rivers.

Exam Tip: Specific questions about endangered species highlight the importance of conservation and biodiversity knowledge.

Question 5. ભારતનો કયો પ્રદેશ 'નાના તિબેટ' તરીકે ઓળખાય છે?
Answer: The cold desert region of Ladakh in India is known as 'Little Tibet'. This area shares cultural similarities with Tibet.
In simple words: Ladakh's cold desert area is called 'Little Tibet'.

Exam Tip: Geographical nicknames often reflect cultural or physical similarities; knowing them helps understand regional identity.

3. (અ) ટૂંક નોંધ લખો:

Question 1. કચ્છનું રણ
Answer: The Rann of Kutch is situated in the Kutch district of Gujarat. It lies in the north-western part of the state. To its west is Pakistan, and to its north-east is the state of Rajasthan. The Rann of Kutch has two main sections: the Great Rann and the Little Rann. The Great Rann is located in the north of Kutch, while the Little Rann is found in central Kutch and continental Gujarat. Its total area is roughly 27,200 square kilometers. These desert regions are thought to have formed due to the upliftment of the continental shelf. The Rann of Kutch is also a part of Rajasthan's Thar Desert. Since the Kutch desert region is low-lying, it often fills with water during the monsoon season. The Little Rann dries up faster than the Great Rann. As the water evaporates, a crust of salt forms on the ground, creating the appearance of a "White Desert". The climate of the Rann of Kutch is hot and dry, and rainfall here is very scarce.
In simple words: The Rann of Kutch is in Gujarat, near Pakistan and Rajasthan. It has a Great Rann and a Little Rann. It covers about 27,200 square kilometers and fills with water in monsoon, leaving a white salt layer when dry. The weather is hot and dry with very little rain.

Exam Tip: For geographical features like deserts, include location, distinguishing characteristics, climate, and any unique formations (like the White Desert).

Question 2. જળ-સંસાધનની જાળવણી અથવા જળ-સંસાધનની જાળવણી માટેના ઉપાયો જણાવો.
Answer: The following are the ways to conserve water resources:

• The first essential step for water resource conservation is its judicious use.
• Another necessity is water harvesting. Building as many reservoirs as possible helps in water storage and conservation.
• Efforts should be made to raise the groundwater level.
• Water harvesting can be done by stopping river water. For this, dams should be built on rivers.
• Rainwater should be collected by stopping it. This involves constructing soak pits and farm ponds. Bandharas should be built on small rivers.
• Public participation should be increased for water resource conservation.
• Water used in agriculture and other activities should be used sparingly.
• Reservoirs and river waters should be kept clean and protected from pollution.
• There should be monitoring of water usage by units that utilize groundwater.

Exam Tip: When listing conservation methods, provide a range of solutions including structural, policy-based, and individual actions.

Question 3. ભૂમિ-સંસાધન
Answer: Generally, the thin upper layer of the Earth's crust, where vegetation grows, is called soil. Soil consists of various types of particles. The Earth's surface layer contains small and large pieces of rock, gravel, soil, and other materials, which is referred to as 'Regolith'. When air and water, along with organic matter, mix with regolith, it forms 'soil'. In the context of agriculture, the economic development of any country depends on the quality and type of its soil. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has categorized Indian soil into eight types based on their characteristics:

• Alluvial soil,
• Red or Laterite soil,
• Black soil,
• Laterite soil,
• Desert soil,
• Mountain soil,
• Forest soil, and
• Marshy or Peaty soil.

Exam Tip: When describing a resource like soil, include its definition, formation, importance, and classification to cover all aspects.

Question 4. લડાખનું રણ
Answer: Ladakh, a Union Territory, is located in the northern part of India, next to Jammu and Kashmir. Ladakh is a cold desert region of India. Ladakh is also known as 'Khapa-chan', meaning 'snow land'. To the north of Ladakh lies the Karakoram mountain range, and to the south is Kargil. The Indus River is the main river in this region. Due to its high altitude, the air in Ladakh is very thin. The climate here is cold and dry. In summer, daytime temperatures remain above 0°C, while at night, temperatures can drop to -3 to -30°C. The amount of rainfall here is very low. Because Ladakh's cold desert has a dry climate, there is very little vegetation. Only short grass is found here.
In simple words: Ladakh is a cold desert in northern India, near Jammu and Kashmir. It's also called 'snow land'. It has the Karakoram mountains and the Indus river. The air is thin, and the weather is very cold and dry, with little rain. There's not much plant life there, mostly short grass.

Exam Tip: When describing a desert, detail its geographical location, climate (temperature, rainfall), major features (rivers, mountains), and typical vegetation.

Question 5. વન્ય જીવ-સંરક્ષણ
Answer: In ancient times, during the Mauryan period under Emperor Ashoka, laws were made for the protection of wildlife. Today, 'State Wildlife Boards' have been set up in most states of the country for wildlife conservation. Voluntary organizations also work for this cause. The following measures should be taken for wildlife conservation:

• The government should enact strict laws to stop cruelty and hunting of wild animals, and these laws should be strictly enforced.
• Wildlife census should be conducted from time to time to track population numbers.
• Forests are the natural habitat of wild animals. They provide natural protection to wild animals. Therefore, the destruction of forests should be prevented.
• People should be made aware of the importance of wild animals. They should be educated about wildlife conservation.
• Sufficient precautions should be taken to prevent forest fires (forest fires). If a fire breaks out in the forest, the system should be ready to extinguish it quickly.
• Efforts should be made to provide medical care to wild animals.
• Protected areas for wild animals should be developed.
• Public awareness should be raised through publicity and media.
• Arrangements should be made in forests to ensure wild animals get enough water, food, and shelter to meet their needs.
• Illegal tree felling activities in forests should be stopped. Birds live in tree hollows, and they also build nests on tree branches.

Exam Tip: For conservation topics, provide historical context if available, list specific government initiatives, and detail a variety of actionable steps for protection.

3. (બ) નીચેના પ્રશ્નોના મદાસર ઉત્તર આપો:

Question 1. સંસાધન એટલે શું?
Answer: Resources refer to the natural elements or substances found on Earth, such as air, water, land, vegetation, and minerals, that are useful to humans. Resources possess specific characteristics and utilities. Resources are limited in supply. Therefore, we should employ various technologies for their optimal utilization. Resources are considered the backbone of a country's economy. They form the foundation of people's power and prosperity.
In simple words: Resources are natural things from Earth like air, water, land, plants, and minerals that people use. They have special uses but are limited, so we need smart ways to use them. Resources are key to a country's wealth and people's strength.

Exam Tip: When defining a concept, ensure to include its meaning, characteristics, importance, and any relevant limitations.

Question 2. જંગલોનું આર્થિક મહત્ત્વ શું છે?
Answer: The economic importance of forests is as follows:

• The main product from forests is timber. Strong and durable wood like teak, sal, and rosewood is obtained from forests. This wood is also used for making household furniture.
• Softwoods from trees like deodar and pine are used to make sports equipment, tea and medicine packaging boxes, matchsticks, paper, and artificial fibers.
• Paper and rayon are made from bamboo, as well as baskets, toys, mats, and home decor items.
• Forests provide medicinal herbs and other valuable products.
• Turpentine oil is extracted from pine resin, and medicinal oil is obtained from eucalyptus leaves.
• Sandalwood and sandalwood oil are sourced from sandalwood trees.
• Boats are crafted from the wood of Sundari trees.

Exam Tip: When discussing economic importance, categorize the products (timber, paper, medicinal, other by-products) and give specific examples for each.

Question 3. સહરાના રણનાં વનસ્પતિ અને પ્રાણીજગત વિશે લખો.
Answer: The vegetation of the Sahara Desert is very sparse due to its desert climate. Along the edges of the desert, where rainfall is very low, short grass grows. Mainly cacti (a type of thorn bush), thorny plants, and other desert vegetation are found in the region. Date palm trees grow abundantly in the oases of this desert. The wildlife of the Sahara Desert: The primary animal of the Sahara Desert is the camel. It is often called the 'ship of the desert'. In the oases, animals like sheep, goats, horses, mules, and donkeys are raised. Additionally, the desert region is home to foxes, hyenas, scorpions, chameleons, snakes, lizards, and various other creatures.
In simple words: The Sahara Desert has very few plants because it's so dry. You'll find short grass, cacti, and thorny bushes, especially date palms in green areas called oases. The main animal is the camel, known as the 'ship of the desert'. Other animals raised in oases include sheep, goats, horses, mules, and donkeys. Wild animals like foxes, hyenas, scorpions, snakes, and lizards also live there.

Exam Tip: For describing flora and fauna of a region, divide the answer into separate sections for vegetation and animal life, detailing typical species and their adaptations.

Question 4. જળતંગી એટલે શું?
Answer: Water scarcity means a shortage of water. In India, there has been a population boom over the last six decades. The increasing demand for food grains and cash crops due to a continuously growing population, rising urbanization, and improving living standards has led to a rapid increase in water consumption. Water is also increasingly used to clean all kinds of waste. Furthermore, in the current era, groundwater levels have fallen due to extraction through tube wells. Consequently, many parts of the country currently face a severe water scarcity crisis. Today, approximately 8% of cities and about 50% of villages in India experience a shortage of potable water. Currently, the country is grappling with serious problems like decreasing water availability and growing scarcity.
In simple words: Water scarcity is when there isn't enough water. India's population grew a lot, so people need more water for food, cities, and cleaning. Also, tube wells lower groundwater levels. Because of this, many cities and villages in India don't have enough drinking water, facing a big water problem.

Exam Tip: When explaining a problem like water scarcity, include its definition, causes (population, urbanization, agriculture), consequences (groundwater depletion, potable water shortage), and current statistics if available.

Question 5. જમીન-ધોવાણ અટકાવવાના ઉપાયો કયા કયા છે?
Answer: The main measures to prevent soil erosion are as follows:

1. Contour farming should be practiced in sloping lands using contour steps.
2. Trees should be planted in barren lands (afforestation).
3. Check dams should be built where water channels have formed gulleys.
4. Deep plowing should be done in sloping fields to slow down the water flow.
5. To prevent soil erosion in fields, bunds should be built around them, and trees should be planted. These bunds prevent soil from being washed away by flowing water.

Exam Tip: When listing solutions, categorize them logically (e.g., farming techniques, afforestation, structural measures) and ensure each point is distinct and actionable.

4. નીચે આપેલા ભારતના રેખાંકિત નકશામાં નીચેનાં સ્થળો દર્શાવોઃ

(1) લડાખ
(2) કચ્છનું રણ
(3) નર્મદા નદી, સાબરમતી નદી
(4) અંદમાન અને નિકોબાર દ્વીપસમૂહો

Exam Tip: For map-based questions, accurately locating each feature on a blank outline map is essential. Practice identifying major geographical features and political boundaries.