GSEB Class 7 Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 વાતાવરણની સજીવો પર અસરો

1. Answer the Following Questions in One Sentence:

Question 1. How many kilometers does the troposphere extend over the equator?
Answer: The troposphere covers about 16 kilometers above the equator.

Exam Tip: When providing numerical facts, ensure the unit of measurement (e.g., kilometers) is always included for full clarity.

Question 2. Which trees are found in evergreen tropical forests?
Answer: Rosewood, ebony, mahogany, rubber, and many other trees can be seen in tropical evergreen forests.

Exam Tip: Remember to list specific examples of flora or fauna mentioned in the context of different forest types to show detailed knowledge.

Question 3. Which animals are commonly found in coniferous forests?
Answer: Monkeys, polar (white) bears, musk deer, yaks, wolves, and various other animals are frequently seen in coniferous forests.

Exam Tip: When asked about specific habitats, always try to recall and list several characteristic animal species found there.

Question 4. What kind of attire do desert people wear to protect themselves from constantly blowing sand?
Answer: People in desert areas tie a headscarf or turban to cover their heads and put on loose clothes to guard against constant flying sand.

Exam Tip: When describing adaptations, focus on practical solutions like clothing choices that directly address environmental challenges.

Question 5. What are monsoon winds called?
Answer: Seasonal winds that move from the southwest direction during summer are known as southwest monsoons.

Exam Tip: When defining geographical terms, explain the origin or characteristic that gives them their name.

2. Write Short Notes:

Question 1. Temperate Grasslands
Answer: Temperate grasslands are situated in the Earth's central areas. These plains feature short and healthy grass. In Gujarat, especially in Bhavnagar's Velavadar region and Kutch's Banni area, this kind of grass grows. Wild buffalo, bison, and blackbuck are some animals found in these places.

Exam Tip: When writing short notes, include key characteristics like location, vegetation, and notable wildlife to provide a comprehensive overview.

Question 2. Mediterranean Forests
Answer: Mediterranean forests are located in areas surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, including large portions of Europe and certain parts of Africa and Asia. The Mediterranean climate is quite special. Summers here are extended, dry, and hot, while winters are brief, gentle, and moist. Consequently, the plants here possess a unique ability to hold moisture for long periods. This area produces many juicy and tart fruits such as grapes, lemons, oranges, sweet lime, mulberries, figs, olives, apples, pears, peaches, plums, and apricots. For this reason, this region is known as 'the land of fruit orchards'.

Exam Tip: When describing a specific climate type, detail its key characteristics for all seasons and explain how local vegetation adapts to these conditions.

Question 3. Stratosphere
Answer: This atmospheric layer reaches an approximate height of 50 kilometers from the tropopause. The temperature within this layer stays consistently stable, hence it is known as the 'stratosphere'. Within it, air movement, wind storms, clouds, rain, seasons, or snow do not happen. The air here is very thin and clear, making this zone very suitable for air travel. Jet planes can fly with less drag and at high speeds. In this layer, around 50 kilometers up, the temperature stops rising. The point where the temperature ceases to increase is termed the 'stratopause'. Between 15 and 35 kilometers of the stratosphere lies the 'ozone layer'. This layer contains a high level of ozone gas, which takes in the Sun's extremely hot ultraviolet (UV) rays. Ozone gas cleans the air and is helpful for human well-being. Meteors burn up and get destroyed as they pass through this layer.

Exam Tip: For layers of the atmosphere, focus on their key characteristics: altitude range, temperature behavior, air conditions, and any significant phenomena or components (like the ozone layer).

Question 4. Atmospheric Pressure
Answer: Because of gravity's pull, the air layer possesses weight. The large layer of air presses down on the Earth's surface due to its mass, and this is termed 'atmospheric pressure'. Atmospheric pressure is greatest at sea level. Moving higher from the Earth's surface, atmospheric pressure goes down. In warmer areas, gases get warm and move upwards, leading to the formation of low atmospheric pressure. Low pressure is linked with cloudy and moist weather. In colder areas, the atmosphere is cool, so there is high atmospheric pressure.

Exam Tip: When explaining atmospheric pressure, define it clearly and describe how it varies with altitude and temperature, connecting it to weather patterns.

3. Answer the Following Questions:

Question 1. What is climate? Explain the effects of climate on human life.
Answer: The climate of any area describes the seasonal weather conditions experienced there for 35 or more years. Factors like atmospheric temperature, moisture, precipitation, air pressure, fog, and wind define an area's climate. The impact of climate on human existence:
• The direct impact of a region's climate greatly affects the local people's food, clothing, and homes.
• Homes in areas with more rain have steep, slanted roofs, whereas houses in drier regions have flatter or less sloped roofs.
• Locals in a specific area consume crops grown there for their meals. For instance, people in flat lands eat wheat, while those in hilly areas primarily eat corn.
• In very cold regions, residents wear warm woollen clothing that covers their whole body. People in Ladakh are an example.
• Individuals in warm climate zones wear cotton and loose garments. For example, people from South India.
• Residents of hot desert areas tie a scarf or cloth around their heads to guard against constant flying sand. People in Saudi Arabia are one such instance.
• People in extremely hot and moist climate areas tend to be less active naturally, whereas in pleasant temperate regions, inhabitants are generally hardworking.
• Most people celebrate festivals based on the climate. In countries with monsoon climates, like India, various social events are celebrated more often outside the rainy period.

Exam Tip: When discussing the impact of climate, structure your answer by categorizing effects (e.g., food, clothing, housing, lifestyle) and providing specific geographical examples.

Question 2. Describe tropical evergreen forests.
Answer: Tropical evergreen forests are also known as 'tropical rainforests'. These forests are very thick. They are found in equatorial and tropical zones. These areas get a lot of heat and heavy rain all year. As a result, the weather there is wet. Thanks to this good geographical fit, the trees' leaves never drop all at once. New leaves constantly appear, which helps these forests stay green year-round. Therefore, they are called evergreen or ever-green forests. Rosewood, ebony, mahogany, and rubber are some of the main trees found here. In India, you can find tropical evergreen forests in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Exam Tip: When describing forest types, include their alternative names, density, geographical distribution, climate, unique characteristics (like leaf-shedding patterns), and examples of prominent trees and locations.

4. Fill in the Blanks with Appropriate Words:

Question 1. The reflection of radio waves is attributed to the ______ layer.
Answer: Ionosphere

Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blank questions, ensure you recall the precise scientific or geographical term that completes the sentence accurately.

Question 2. Pashmina goat is found in ______.
Answer: Kashmir

Exam Tip: Remember the specific locations associated with unique animal breeds or geographical features.

Question 3. Polar winds blowing from the poles towards the polar circles are ______.
Answer: extremely cold

Exam Tip: Understand the characteristics of different wind types and their impact on temperature based on their origin.