GSEB Class 7 Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 Continents North and South America and Europe

1. Think and Write

 

Question 1. How was America named?
Answer: America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian discoverer.
In simple words: An Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, gave his name to America.

Exam Tip: Remember to link the name "America" directly to "Amerigo Vespucci" for accuracy.

 

Question 2. There are more number of volcanoes in South America than North America. Make a list of Volcanoes of both the continents with the help of Atlas.
Answer: Many volcanoes are found in South America compared to North America. Here is a list of volcanoes for both regions:
North America: Katmai, Mt. Rainier, Illiamna, Mt. St. Helens, Lassen Peak, Mauna Loa, Popocatépetl.
South America: Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Villarica, etc.
In simple words: South America has more volcanoes than North America. Some North American volcanoes are Katmai and Mt. St. Helens, while South America has Chimborazo and Cotopaxi.

Exam Tip: When listing geographical features, make sure to categorize them correctly by continent as asked in the question.

 

Question 3. Make a list of waterfalls of South and North America.
Answer: Below is a list of waterfalls located in South and North America:
North America: Virginia Falls, Sulphide Creek Falls, Shannon Falls, Honokohau Falls, Yosemite Falls, Altered Creek Falls.
South America: Iguazu Falls, Angel Falls, Kaieteur Falls, Yumbilla Falls, Cuquenan Falls.
In simple words: For North America, think of Virginia and Yosemite Falls. For South America, famous waterfalls include Iguazu and Angel Falls.

Exam Tip: When providing lists, ensure clear separation and correct spelling for each item to score full marks.

 

Question 4. Where are the five Great Lakes situated? Make a list of them.
Answer: The five Great Lakes are located in the northern part of North America. They sit on the natural boundary between the United States of America and Canada. These lakes are Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario and Michigan.
In simple words: The five Great Lakes are in northern North America, on the border of the USA and Canada. They are Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario, and Michigan.

Exam Tip: Always specify the exact location and list all five lakes when asked about the Great Lakes.

 

Question 5. In which continent is Alaska situated? Which types of animals are found there?
Answer: Alaska is situated in North America. Various animals are found there, including reindeer, seal, walrus, white bear, whale, cod, and white wolf.
In simple words: Alaska is in North America. Animals like reindeer, seals, and white bears live there.

Exam Tip: When asked about a region, identify the continent first, then list specific details like local wildlife.

 

Question 6. Make a list of the main cities of North America and Europe.
Answer: Here is a list of important cities in North America and Europe:
North America: Mexico City, New York City, Los Angeles, Toronto, Chicago, Houston, Montreal, Ecatepec, Philadelphia.
Europe: London, Berlin, Madrid, Rome, Paris, Bucharest, Vienna, Budapest, Hamburg, Warsaw, Barcelona, Italy, Munich, Prague.
In simple words: Key North American cities are Mexico City and New York. Major European cities include London, Paris, and Rome.

Exam Tip: Ensure you categorize cities correctly under their respective continents and aim to list a diverse range of locations.

 

Question 7. Write a short note on Amazon forest in South America.
Answer:

• Amazon forests are found in Brazil, which is in South America.
• The world's longest river, the Amazon River, flows through these forests. The Amazon River is 4827 km long.
• The famous python called 'Anaconda' lives in the Amazon.
• The Amazon forests and their plant life are considered a marvel.

In simple words: The Amazon forest is in Brazil, South America. The Amazon River, the world's longest, runs through it. Anacondas live there, and its plants are amazing.

Exam Tip: When writing a short note, use bullet points to present key facts clearly and concisely for better understanding.

 

Question 8. Find out name of one place where there is snowfall near the Equator.
Answer: Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Africa, is a place where snowfall occurs near the Equator.
In simple words: Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa gets snow, even though it's close to the Equator.

Exam Tip: Recognize that high altitudes can lead to snowfall even in tropical regions near the Equator.

 

Question 9. What makes Europe different from the other continents of the world?
Answer: Europe is different from other continents because it is the most densely populated continent in the world.
In simple words: Europe has the most people living in a small space compared to other continents.

Exam Tip: Focus on unique characteristics when asked to differentiate geographical entities.

 

2. Match A with B properly. Write no of 'B' in the box given in 'A'.

Answer: 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d
In simple words: The correct matches are: Ural Mountain is a dividing mountain, Finland is the land of lakes, Suleyalma is a volcano, and Mont Blanc is part of the Alps Mountain Ranges.

Exam Tip: For matching questions, carefully read both columns and identify key features or locations to link them accurately.

 

Gseb Class 7 Social Science Continents: North And South America And Europe Additional Important Questions And Answers

 

Question 1. Describe the area, location and extent of the continent of North America.
Answer: The area, location, and extent of the North American continent are as follows:

• The continent of North America includes the U.S.A. (United States of America), Canada, and Mexico.
• It spreads over 2.44 lakh sq. km, which means it covers 16% of the world's total land area.
• The native people of North America are known as Red Indians.

Location and extent:

• The continent is situated in the western hemisphere.
• North America stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Panama Canal in the south.
• The North Pole passes through the northern part of Canada.
• The Tropic of Cancer runs through central Mexico.
• The north-south length of the continent is 9654 km.
• Its width is 6033 km in northern Canada but decreases to 482 km as one moves towards the southern end of North America.
• Because this continent is very wide, it has four different time zones or standard times.

In simple words: North America includes the USA, Canada, and Mexico. It covers 16% of the Earth's land, stretching from the Arctic to Panama. It's in the western hemisphere, is 9654 km long, and has four time zones. The native people are called Red Indians.

Exam Tip: When describing a continent, always include its area, geographical position (hemisphere, boundaries), key countries, and any other notable dimensions or features.

 

Question 2. Explain the physiography of North America.
Answer: The physiography of North America includes:

• The northern part of the North American continent is covered with regions of snow-laden mountains.
• These regions consist of Alaska in the north-west, Greenland in the north-east, and the rest is Canada.
• Alaska is the largest state belonging to the US.
• Because of heavy snow, these regions are not suitable for farming.
• When the last Ice Age finished around 4000 years ago, the glaciers melted, forming five massive lakes in North America.
• These are collectively called the Great Lakes.
• The five Great Lakes are: (1) Superior, (2) Huron, (3) Erie, (4) Ontario and (5) Michigan.
• The Great Lakes hold 1/5th of the total surface water on Earth, making them the world's largest freshwater system.
• North America also has large plains.
• Important rivers like the Mississippi, Missouri, and Mackenzie make these plains fertile.
• These plains are also known as 'Plains of Prairies' and are famous for their wheat production.
• There are also two specific mountain ranges in the east and west of the North American continent.
• These are (1) the Rocky Mountains in the west and (2) the Appalachian Mountains in the east.
• Among all, Mount McKinley is the highest peak, located in the Alaska range.
• Since Alaska stays covered with snow, the Eskimo community in Alaska lives in special types of houses called 'Igloo'.
• Animals such as reindeer, seal, walrus, white bear, etc., are found in these snowy regions.

In simple words: North America has snowy mountains in the north (Alaska, Greenland, Canada) which aren't good for farming. After the Ice Age, five Great Lakes formed, holding a lot of freshwater. There are also wide, fertile plains made by rivers like the Mississippi, known for wheat. Two main mountain ranges are the Rockies (west) and Appalachians (east), with Mount McKinley being the highest. Eskimos live in igloos in Alaska, where animals like reindeer and seals thrive.

Exam Tip: When explaining physiography, structure your answer by geographical regions (e.g., mountains, plains, lakes) and include details about their formation, climate, and significance.

 

Question 3. Give a brief idea of the climate of North America.
Answer: The climate of North America is diverse:

• The northern parts of Canada, Alaska, and other mountainous areas experience a Tundra type of climate, which is very cold and dry.
• The central part of the continent has an unfavorable climate.
• Regions of Central America and southern Mexico, which are in the southern part of North America, experience warmer temperatures. The coastal areas get moderate climate and heavy rain.
• North America experiences strong cyclones in spring and summer, known as tornadoes.
• One such tornado once caused significant property destruction and took many lives in the USA.

In simple words: Northern North America has a very cold, dry Tundra climate. Central areas have bad weather. Southern areas, like Central America and southern Mexico, are hot with moderate coastal climates and heavy rain. North America also gets strong tornadoes in spring and summer, which cause much damage.

Exam Tip: When describing climate, include variations across different regions, temperature patterns, precipitation, and any significant weather phenomena.

 

Question 4. Write a short note on Canada.
Answer: A brief note on Canada:

• Canada is the largest country on the continent of North America.
• Ottawa serves as its capital city.
• Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Hamilton, etc., are major cities in Canada.
• Half of Canada consists of hard, solid mountains and groups of islands.
• Because Canada's area is very large, it experiences different continental and coastal climates.
• Most parts of Canada have winter in summer and extremely cold winters.
• Coniferous trees are found in areas of Canada that experience a Tundra climate. Additionally, animals such as bear, white wolf, deer, otter, beaver, and reindeer are common.
• Various types of fish are found in Newfoundland, which has greatly boosted the fishing industry.
• Canada's rivers are famous for their Atlantic salmon fish on the east coast and Pacific salmon fish on the west coast.
• Canada is the world's biggest producer of asbestos mineral.
• It is also the leading producer of nickel and platinum globally.
• Ice Hockey is recognized as the national game of Canada.

In simple words: Canada is North America's largest country with Ottawa as its capital. Major cities include Montreal and Toronto. Half of Canada is mountains and islands, leading to varied climates; most areas have cold winters. Coniferous trees grow in Tundra regions, home to animals like bears and reindeer. Its fishing industry is strong, known for salmon. Canada is a top producer of asbestos, nickel, and platinum. Ice Hockey is its national sport.

Exam Tip: For short notes on countries, cover key geographical facts (size, capital, cities), climate, natural resources, wildlife, economy, and national symbols or sports.

 

Question 5. Describe about U.S.A. in detail.
Answer: A detailed description of the United States of America (U.S.A.):

• The U.S.A. is a federal country.
• It is highly developed in farming, trade, and industry.
• Mountain ranges like the Rockies and Appalachians, rivers such as the Mississippi and Missouri, and the five Great Lakes have played an important part in the agricultural revolution of the USA.
• The USA produces large amounts of cotton, corn, and wheat.
• The availability of resources like coal, mineral oil, and iron boosted American industries.
• America has the best transport network in the world.
• 'Super highways' and 'Freeways' are the main supports of America's progress.
• The native people of America are known as Red Indians.

In simple words: The USA is a federal country with advanced farming, trade, and industry. Its mountains (Rockies, Appalachians), rivers (Mississippi, Missouri), and Great Lakes helped its agricultural growth. It produces much cotton, corn, and wheat. Resources like coal and iron boosted its industries. America has a great transport system with 'Super highways' and 'Freeways' that support its development. Its native people are called Red Indians.

Exam Tip: When detailing a country, cover its political structure, economic sectors (agriculture, industry), key natural features, resources, infrastructure, and indigenous populations.

 

Question 6. Give a brief idea of South American continent.
Answer: Here is a brief overview of the South American continent:

• South America is the fourth largest continent, located in the western hemisphere.
• It covers 13% of the world's land area.
• It includes countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, etc.
• Despite its great distance from other continents like Europe, Australia, and Asia, this continent has developed quite well politically, socially, and economically.
• The four main physiographic divisions of South America are: A. Andes Mountains, B. Central plains, C. North-eastern plateaus, D. Coastal plains.
• South America features various landscapes like the Amazon, Parana-Paraguay, the alluvial plain of the Orinoco river, torrid forests, the highlands of Patagonia, and the Atacama Desert.
• Many natural resources are obtained from the mountainous regions, plains, and Amazon forests of South America.

In simple words: South America is the fourth biggest continent, covering 13% of global land, and sits in the western hemisphere. It holds countries like Argentina and Brazil. Even far from other continents, it has grown well. Its main features are the Andes Mountains, central plains, northeastern plateaus, and coastal plains. It has diverse lands like the Amazon, Orinoco plains, and Atacama Desert. Many resources come from its mountains, plains, and Amazon forests.

Exam Tip: For continent overviews, always mention size, location, key countries, main geographical divisions, and significant landscapes.

 

Question 7. Give a brief idea of Andes mountains.
Answer: An overview of the Andes Mountains:

• The Andes is the world's highest mountain range outside of Asia.
• These mountains are located in South America.
• They begin from the land of South America next to Panama in the north and finish at the south of Horn Mountains.
• The mountain range is approximately 8900 km long and is between 160 to 600 km wide.
• The snow-covered mountains reach 6000 m high, with some peaks as tall as 6900 m.
• South America has more than two hundred volcanoes.
• Mount Aconcagua is a volcanic mountain that is 6960 m high.
• A country named Ecuador is considered home to several volcanoes, including Chimborazo (inactive) and Cotopaxi (active) volcanoes.
• Ecuador also has Lake Titicaca, which is located in Bolivia at a height of 3660 m and is 275 m deep.
• The Andes Mountains are also the origin of various rivers.

In simple words: The Andes are the world's second-highest mountains, located in South America. They run from Panama to the Horn Mountains, stretching 8900 km long and 160-600 km wide. These snowy mountains reach 6000-6900 m, with many volcanoes like Aconcagua (6960 m). Ecuador, home to volcanoes like Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, also has Lake Titicaca (3660 m high, 275 m deep). Many rivers begin in the Andes.

Exam Tip: When describing mountain ranges, include their relative height, location, length, width, notable peaks, and associated features like volcanoes or lakes.

 

Question 8. Give an idea of the water sources of South America.
Answer: Water sources of South America:

• Most of the rivers in South America start in the Andes mountains and eastern highlands.
• The Amazon, Negro, Rongue, and Madeira are some of the main rivers of the Amazon basin.
• The Amazon is the world's longest river, stretching 4827 km.

In simple words: South America's rivers mainly start in the Andes Mountains and eastern highlands. Key rivers include the Amazon, Negro, and Madeira. The Amazon River is the longest river globally, at 4827 km.

Exam Tip: When discussing water sources, always mention the origin of rivers and name the most significant ones, including their key characteristics like length.

 

Question 9. Write a short note on climate, vegetation and wildlife of South America.
Answer: A brief note on the climate, vegetation, and wildlife of South America:
Climate of South America:

• The central part of South America is in the Torrid Zone. So, this area experiences high temperatures and frequent rainfall throughout the year.
• Countries like Chile and Peru are close to the Antarctic continent. Therefore, they have a cold and dry climate.
• The high peaks of the Andes Mountains get snowfall.

Vegetation:

• The continent also has 21% of the world's forests and 14% of its grasslands.
• Brazil and Argentina have hot evergreen forests, along with Pampas and Savanna grasslands. The Alfalfa grass of Pampas is well-known.
• High rainfall in Torrid Zone regions makes the laterite land of South America infertile.
• Regions of Chile, Peru, and Colombia have 'terra roxa' soil, which is suitable for coffee plantations.

Wildlife:

• Animals like Alpaca, vicuña, llama, goats, sheep, etc., are found in South America.
• Whales, seals, various fish, etc., live in its seas.

In simple words: Central South America is hot and rainy, being in the Torrid Zone. Chile and Peru near Antarctica are cold and dry, while Andes peaks get snow. The continent has 21% of global forests and 14% grasslands; Brazil and Argentina have evergreen forests and famous Pampas grass. High rain in the Torrid Zone makes the land infertile, but 'terra roxa' soil in places like Chile is good for coffee. Wildlife includes alpacas, llamas, and various marine animals like whales and seals.

Exam Tip: Break down the answer into distinct sections for climate, vegetation, and wildlife to provide a comprehensive and organized response, detailing specific examples for each.

 

Question 10. Describe in detail the agriculture and minerals of South America.
Answer: Detailed information on the agriculture and minerals of South America:
Agriculture:

• 60% of South America's population works in farming. However, this large population practices agriculture on just 4.2% of the continent's total farming land.
• Due to its varied climate and physical features, many types of farming are done, such as shift farming, plantation farming, horticulture, etc.
• Also, several kinds of fruits, vegetables, flowers, corn, sunflower, cocoa, coffee, etc., are grown.
• Countries like Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador produce 90% of the world's coffee.
• Argentina and Brazil are major producers of wheat and sugarcane, respectively.

Minerals:

• Minerals such as manganese, copper, mineral oil, tin, and coal are found in South America.
• Tin and mineral oil are found in the largest quantities.
• Venezuela produces 4.6% of the world's mineral oil.

In simple words: Most of South America's people (60%) work in farming, though only 4.2% of the land is farmed. Varied climates allow different farming types like shift farming and horticulture. Many fruits, vegetables, and flowers are grown. Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador produce 90% of global coffee, while Argentina and Brazil lead in wheat and sugarcane. The continent is rich in minerals like manganese, copper, tin, and coal, with tin and mineral oil being most abundant. Venezuela alone supplies 4.6% of the world's mineral oil.

Exam Tip: When describing agriculture and minerals, provide statistics or examples of specific crops and minerals, and mention countries known for their production to demonstrate comprehensive knowledge.

 

Question 11. Give a brief introduction of Brazil.
Answer: A brief introduction to Brazil:

• Brazil is a country located on the continent of South America.
• Brasília is the capital city of Brazil.
• In terms of size, Brazil is the largest country in the Southern Hemisphere and the fifth largest in the world.
• It is so large that it shares its border with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador.
• Its length and width are almost similar.
• Portuguese people ruled over Brazil in earlier times, which is why Brazilians speak the Portuguese language.
• The Amazon forests and their vegetation are a wonder.
• The well-known python called 'Anaconda' is found in the Amazon.
• Most people live in eastern Brazil, with 60% residing in rural areas. However, due to industrialization and urbanization, people are moving to urban areas.

In simple words: Brazil is a large South American country, with Brasília as its capital. It's the biggest in the Southern Hemisphere and fifth globally, bordering all South American nations except Chile and Ecuador. Portuguese is spoken because of past rule. The Amazon rainforest, home to anacondas, is a natural wonder. Most people live in eastern Brazil, with many moving from rural to urban areas due to development.

Exam Tip: For country introductions, include its location, capital, size, unique geographical facts, cultural aspects (like language), and demographic trends.

 

Question 12. Give a brief introduction of Argentina.
Answer: A brief introduction to Argentina:

• Argentina is a country found in the South American continent.
• Buenos Aires serves as the capital of Argentina.
• Argentina is situated near the Andes Mountains.
• Argentina has a triangular shape. It stretches southwards all the way to Antarctica.
• Its width is half of its north-south length.
• When hot air blows from north to south, it passes over volcanoes and, upon reaching Argentina, becomes cold. This causes Argentina to experience cold and dry winds.
• Argentina primarily grows wheat and grapes.
• Europeans can be seen in large numbers in Argentina.
• 68% of Argentina's population lives in cities, and they mostly speak Spanish.

In simple words: Argentina, a South American country, has Buenos Aires as its capital. It's near the Andes Mountains, shaped like a triangle, extending to Antarctica. Its width is half its length. Hot air cools over volcanoes, bringing cold, dry winds to Argentina. Wheat and grapes are its main crops. Many Europeans live there, and 68% of people reside in cities, mainly speaking Spanish.

Exam Tip: When describing a country, include its capital, key geographical features (mountains, shape), climate influences, main agricultural products, and demographic characteristics like population distribution and primary language.

 

Question 13. Write a note on Eurasia.
Answer: A note on Eurasia:

• Eurasia is recognized as the biggest peninsula in the world.
• It is a huge landmass where both Europe and Asia are located.
• Hence, this combined landmass is called Eurasia.
• The continent of Europe is separated from Asia by the Ural Mountains.

In simple words: Eurasia is the world's largest peninsula, a huge land area that includes both Europe and Asia, hence its name. The Ural Mountains divide Europe from Asia.

Exam Tip: Define Eurasia by its constituent continents, describe its physical nature (landmass/peninsula), and mention the geographical feature that acts as a boundary between its parts.

 

Question 14. Write a note on agriculture in Europe.
Answer: A note on agriculture in Europe:

• 75% of the people in eastern Europe are involved in farming.
• However, only 25% of the people in western Europe are involved in agriculture because the western region is mountainous.
• The soil in Norway and Sweden is grey.
• The soil in the southern part of Europe is dark brown.
• The coastal region of the Middle Sea grows citrus fruits, wheat, and corn.

In simple words: In Europe, 75% of eastern people farm, but only 25% in the west do, as it's mountainous. Norway and Sweden have grey soil, while southern Europe has dark brown soil. Coastal areas near the Middle Sea grow citrus fruits, wheat, and corn.

Exam Tip: When discussing agriculture, differentiate between regions (e.g., eastern vs. western), mention soil types, and list common crops to provide a complete picture.

 

Question 15. Write a note on the minerals of Europe.
Answer: A note on the minerals of Europe:

• Europe is a continent rich in minerals.
• The western part of the Ural Mountains in Europe produces 56% of the world's minerals.
• This region mainly produces iron, coal, bauxite, and potash.
• Besides this, the Ruhr province of Germany produces coal.
• The Kemerovo province of Russia produces iron.
• Therefore, the iron and steel industry has grown very well in Europe.

In simple words: Europe is full of minerals. The western Ural Mountains alone produce 56% of global minerals, including iron, coal, bauxite, and potash. Germany's Ruhr area has coal, and Russia's Kemerovo region has iron. This abundance led to a strong iron and steel industry in Europe.

Exam Tip: When listing mineral resources, specify the types of minerals found and mention regions or countries known for their production.

 

Question 16. Give reason: The iron and steel industry has developed very well in Europe.
Answer: The iron and steel industry has developed very well in Europe for several reasons:

• Europe is a continent rich in minerals.
• The western part of the Ural Mountains in Europe produces 56% of the world's minerals.
• This region mainly produces iron, coal, bauxite, and potash.
• Besides this, the Ruhr province of Germany produces coal.
• The Kemerovo province of Russia produces iron.
• Therefore, the availability of these essential raw materials has greatly boosted the iron and steel industry in Europe.

In simple words: Europe is very rich in minerals. The western Ural Mountains provide 56% of the world's minerals, including crucial iron, coal, bauxite, and potash. Germany's Ruhr region produces coal, and Russia's Kemerovo area has iron. With so many raw materials, the iron and steel industry in Europe has grown very strong.

Exam Tip: When explaining industrial development, always link it to the availability of natural resources and favorable geographical conditions.

 

Question 17. Write a short note on Russia.
Answer: A short note on Russia:

• Russia is the biggest country in the world.
• Its capital city is Moscow.
• Russia is a country that experiences heavy cold temperatures.
• Its rivers freeze during the winter.
• Hence, only 10% of Russia's land is suitable for farming.
• On the other hand, 50% of Russia's population relies on agriculture.
• The main crop grown in Russia is wheat.
• Russia produces 25% of the total wheat production globally.

In simple words: Russia is the world's largest country, with Moscow as its capital. It experiences very cold weather, and its rivers freeze in winter. Only 10% of its land is good for farming, yet 50% of its people depend on agriculture. Wheat is the main crop, and Russia produces 25% of the world's total wheat.

Exam Tip: For a short note on a country, remember to include its size, capital, climate, impact on agriculture, and significant contributions to global production.

 

Question 18. Name the major cities of Germany.
Answer: The major cities of Germany include Munich, Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Stuttgart.
In simple words: Key cities in Germany are Munich, Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Stuttgart.

Exam Tip: When asked to list major cities, provide well-known examples that represent the country's important urban centers.

 

Question 19. Write a brief note on France.
Answer: A brief note on France:

• France is the biggest democratic country in Europe.
• It has a hexagonal shape.
• The capital city of France is Paris.
• The highest peak in western Europe, Mont Blanc (4813.2 m), is located in France.
• Also, one of Europe's longest rivers, the Seine, is located in France.
• The Seine river is used as a waterway.
• France produces abundant wheat, coal, iron, mineral oil, salt, and bauxite.

In simple words: France is Europe's largest democratic country, shaped like a hexagon, with Paris as its capital. It holds Mont Blanc (4813.2 m), Western Europe's highest peak, and the Seine River, which is used for transport. France produces much wheat, coal, iron, oil, salt, and bauxite.

Exam Tip: When writing about a country, include its political status, unique geographical features (shape, mountains, rivers), capital, and main natural resources.

 

Question 20. Write a short note on Germany.
Answer: A short note on Germany:
A. Location:

• Germany is situated in the middle of Europe.
• It shares borders with the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Denmark.

B. Cities:

• The capital of Germany is Berlin.
• It is also its main city.
• Other important cities in Germany include Munich, Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Stuttgart.

C. Physiographic divisions:

• Germany can be mainly divided into two physiographic divisions:
• I. Snow-deposited soil and sandy plains
• II. Alps Mountain Ranges
• The main rivers of Germany are the Oder, Elbe, and Rhine. Most of these rivers are used as waterways.

D. Climate:

• There is a significant difference in the climate between the eastern and western parts of Germany.
• As one moves from west to east in Germany, the winters become colder, and summers get hotter.
• In the southern part of Germany, winter is moderate.

E. Vegetation:

• The effect of climate can be observed in the vegetation of Germany.
• Coniferous forests grow in the colder regions.
• In the areas with a moderate climate, oak, birch, ash, and beech trees grow.

F. Minerals and industry:

• Coal and iron are obtained from the Ruhr and Thyssen regions in Germany.
• Germany leads the world in the engineering industry.

In simple words: Germany, in central Europe, borders many countries. Berlin is its capital. It has two main land areas: snowy plains and the Alps, with major rivers like the Oder, Elbe, and Rhine used for transport. The climate varies; winters are colder in the east, and summers are hotter. Coniferous trees grow in cold areas, while oak and birch grow in moderate zones. Germany gets coal and iron from Ruhr and Thyssen and leads globally in engineering.

Exam Tip: For detailed notes on a country, organize your answer with clear sub-headings covering location, cities, physiography, climate, vegetation, and economic aspects like minerals and industries.

 

Answer In One Or Two Sentence

Note: Here, answers are given in short for memorizing easily. Students must write full sentences.

 

Question 1. What is the full form of USA?
Answer: The full form of USA is United States of America.
In simple words: USA means United States of America.

Exam Tip: For acronyms, always provide the complete, unabbreviated form.

 

Question 2. What does North America consist of?
Answer: North America consists of the USA, Canada, and Mexico.
In simple words: North America includes the USA, Canada, and Mexico.

Exam Tip: When listing components of a geographical entity, ensure all main parts are mentioned.

 

Question 3. Who are Red Indians?
Answer: Red Indians are the native people of North America.
In simple words: Red Indians are the original people who lived in North America.

Exam Tip: Accurately identify indigenous groups with their respective continents.

 

Question 4. Where is the vast land of North America, spread?
Answer: The vast land of North America is spread from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Panama Canal in the south.
In simple words: North America stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north down to the Panama Canal in the south.

Exam Tip: When describing geographical extent, use clear northern and southern boundaries.

 

Question 5. Which latitudes pass through North America?
Answer: The North Pole from the north of Canada and the Tropic of Cancer from central Mexico pass through North America.
In simple words: The North Pole passes through northern Canada, and the Tropic of Cancer goes through central Mexico in North America.

Exam Tip: Remember to specify the key latitudinal lines and their approximate locations within the continent.

 

Question 6. How huge is North America? Give the dimensions.
Answer: North America is huge, with a length of 9654 km. Its width is 6033 km in the north, which becomes smaller to 482 km in the south.
In simple words: North America is very large, measuring 9654 km long. It is 6033 km wide in the north, narrowing to 482 km in the south.

Exam Tip: When providing dimensions, specify both length and width, noting any variations across the continent.

 

Question 7. Which provinces fall in the northern part of North America?
Answer: Canada, Alaska, and Greenland are the provinces that fall in the northern part of North America.
In simple words: Northern North America includes Canada, Alaska, and Greenland.

Exam Tip: Identify the major landmasses or regions located in the northernmost areas of the continent.

 

Question 8. Why is the northern part of North America not useful for agriculture?
Answer: The northern part of North America is not useful for agriculture because the region is completely full of snowy mountains.
In simple words: The northern part of North America isn't good for farming because it's covered in snowy mountains.

Exam Tip: Link geographical features (like snowy mountains) directly to their practical implications (like unsuitability for agriculture).

 

Question 9. Which are the main rivers of North America?
Answer: The major rivers of North America include the Colorado, Mississippi, Missouri, and Mackenzie.
In simple words: Remember the most significant rivers to illustrate North America's geography.

Exam Tip: Remember the most significant rivers to illustrate North America's geography.

 

Question 10. What is igloo?
Answer: An igloo is a specific kind of house where the Eskimo people of Alaska make their homes.
In simple words: An igloo is a special house built by Eskimos in Alaska.

Exam Tip: Define the term clearly and mention the community and region associated with it.

 

Question 11. Which animals are found in Alaska?
Answer: In Alaska, you can find animals like reindeer, seals, walruses, white bears, white wolves, whales, and cod.
In simple words: Alaska has animals like reindeer, seals, walruses, white bears, white wolves, whales, and cod.

Exam Tip: When listing, try to recall at least 3-4 distinct animals to show your knowledge of the ecosystem.

 

Question 12. What is Tornado?
Answer: A tornado is a powerful cyclone that brings significant harm to both people and their possessions.
In simple words: A tornado is a very strong storm that can cause a lot of damage to people and things.

Exam Tip: Provide a concise definition and explain its impact clearly.

 

Question 13. Which minerals are found in North America?
Answer: North America is rich in minerals such as iron, coal, mineral oil, copper, gold, and silver.
In simple words: North America has many minerals like iron, coal, oil, copper, gold, and silver.

Exam Tip: List the primary minerals to demonstrate an understanding of the continent's resources.

 

Question 14. Which animals are found in Canada?
Answer: Canada is home to various animals, including bears, white wolves, deer, otters, beavers, reindeer, and many fish.
In simple words: Animals in Canada include bears, white wolves, deer, otters, beavers, reindeer, and different kinds of fish.

Exam Tip: When describing wildlife, include a range of animals to show diverse species.

 

Question 15. Which minerals are found in Canada?
Answer: Canada possesses minerals like asbestos, nickel, and platinum.
In simple words: Canada has important minerals such as asbestos, nickel, and platinum.

Exam Tip: List the key minerals associated with the country's natural resources.

 

Question 16. Which are the main cities of Canada?
Answer: The principal cities of Canada include Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, and Hamilton.
In simple words: Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, and Hamilton are the major cities in Canada.

Exam Tip: Mention at least three major cities to show a good grasp of Canada's urban centers.

 

Question 17. Which are the main occupations of USA?
Answer: The chief occupations in the USA are agriculture, trade, and industry.
In simple words: In the USA, most people work in farming, trading, and manufacturing.

Exam Tip: Focus on the primary sectors that drive the country's economy.

 

Question 18. What have contributed to the Green revolution in USA?
Answer: The Green Revolution in the USA was helped by the Rocky Mountains, the Appalachian Mountain Range, important rivers like the Mississippi and Missouri, and the five Great Lakes: Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario, and Michigan.
In simple words: The Rocky and Appalachian mountains, along with the Mississippi, Missouri, and the five Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario, Michigan), all helped the Green Revolution in the USA.

Exam Tip: When explaining contributions, list both geographical features and key water bodies.

 

Question 19. Which are the main crops of USA?
Answer: The primary crops grown in the USA are cotton, corn, and wheat.
In simple words: Cotton, corn, and wheat are the main crops grown in the USA.

Exam Tip: State the major agricultural products to answer directly.

 

Question 20. Why have industries developed on a large scale in USA?
Answer: Industries in the USA have grown extensively because of two main reasons. Firstly, there is easy access to resources like coal, mineral oil, and iron. Secondly, a rapid and effective transport system also helps.
In simple words: Industries in the USA grew quickly due to easily available coal, oil, and iron, plus a fast transport system.

Exam Tip: When giving reasons, try to categorize them (e.g., resources, infrastructure) for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 21. What are freeways?
Answer: A freeway is a type of express highway that has no cross-sections or traffic lights, allowing continuous flow.
In simple words: Freeways are fast roads with no intersections, so traffic keeps moving smoothly.

Exam Tip: Clearly define the term and highlight its key characteristic (no intersections).

 

Question 22. Where is South America located?
Answer: South America is situated in the Western Hemisphere, being the fourth largest continent in the world.
In simple words: South America is on the western side of the Earth, and it's the fourth biggest continent.

Exam Tip: Mention the hemisphere and its relative size among continents for a complete answer.

 

Question 23. Into how many physiographic divisions can South America be categorized? Which are they?
Answer: South America can be divided into four main physiographic areas: the Andes Mountains, Central Plains, North Eastern plateaus, and Coastal Plains.
In simple words: South America has four main land divisions: the Andes Mountains, Central Plains, North Eastern plateaus, and Coastal Plains.

Exam Tip: List both the number and the names of each division.

 

Question 24. Give the dimensions of the Andes Mountains.
Answer: The Andes Mountains have a length of 8900 km, a width ranging from 160 to 600 km, and a height of up to 6900 meters.
In simple words: The Andes Mountains are 8900 km long, 160 to 600 km wide, and can reach 6900 meters tall.

Exam Tip: Include all three dimensions (length, width, height) with their respective units for accuracy.

 

Question 25. How deep is Lake Titicaca?
Answer: Lake Titicaca has a depth of 275 meters.
In simple words: Lake Titicaca goes down 275 meters.

Exam Tip: State the exact depth and unit.

 

Question 26. Which different physiographic regions are located in South America?
Answer: Various physiographic regions found in South America include the Amazon River and its forests, the Parana-Paraguay area, the fertile plains of the Orinoco River, hot forests, the Patagonian highlands, and the Atacama desert.
In simple words: South America has regions like the Amazon River and its forests, Parana-Paraguay, Orinoco plains, hot forests, Patagonian highlands, and the Atacama desert.

Exam Tip: List a diverse range of geographical features to cover the continent's varied landscape.

 

Question 27. From where do most of the rivers of South America originate?
Answer: Most rivers in South America begin in either the Andes Mountains or the Eastern Highlands.
In simple words: South American rivers mostly start in the Andes Mountains or the Eastern Highlands.

Exam Tip: Provide both primary source regions for the rivers.

 

Question 28. Which are the main rivers of South America?
Answer: The major rivers of South America include the Amazon, Negro, Rongue, and Modera.
In simple words: The Amazon, Negro, Rongue, and Modera are the main rivers in South America.

Exam Tip: Name at least three significant rivers to show familiarity with the continent's hydrology.

 

Question 29. What kind of climate do Chile and Peru experience?
Answer: Chile and Peru experience a climate that is cold and dry.
In simple words: The climate in Chile and Peru is cold and dry.

Exam Tip: Provide a concise description of the climate type.

 

Question 30. Which grasslands are found in South America? In which region?
Answer: In South America, the Pampas and Savanna grasslands are located primarily in Brazil and Argentina.
In simple words: Pampas and Savanna grasslands are found mainly in Brazil and Argentina in South America.

Exam Tip: Name both types of grasslands and the countries where they are found.

 

Question 31. Which animals are found in South America?
Answer: South America is home to animals such as alpacas, vicuñas (bikuna), llamas, different types of goats and sheep, whales, seals, and various fish species.
In simple words: Animals like alpacas, vicuñas, llamas, goats, sheep, whales, seals, and fish live in South America.

Exam Tip: List several distinct animal types to illustrate the region's biodiversity.

 

Question 32. Which regions of South America are suitable for the plantation of coffee?
Answer: Regions in South America suitable for coffee cultivation include North Chile, Peru, Colombia, and areas with "Terra Roxa" soil.
In simple words: North Chile, Peru, Colombia, and "Terra Roxa" soil regions in South America are good for growing coffee.

Exam Tip: Identify the key countries and soil types that support coffee growth.

 

Question 33. What kind of farming is practised in South America?
Answer: South America employs various farming methods, including shift farming, plantation farming, and horticulture.
In simple words: Shift farming, plantation farming, and horticulture are common types of farming in South America.

Exam Tip: Mention different agricultural practices prevalent in the region.

 

Question 34. Which are the main crops of South America?
Answer: The principal crops grown in South America include cocoa, coffee, corn, sunflower, linseed, and various fruits.
In simple words: Cocoa, coffee, corn, sunflower, linseed, and fruits are the main crops of South America.

Exam Tip: List the primary agricultural products to show knowledge of the continent's agriculture.

 

Question 35. Which are the main countries of South America that produce coffee? How much coffee do they produce?
Answer: The main coffee-producing countries in South America are Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador, which collectively supply 90% of the world's coffee.
In simple words: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador are the main coffee producers in South America, growing 90% of the world's coffee.

Exam Tip: Name the key producing nations and state the significant percentage they contribute globally.

 

Question 36. Which are the main crops of Argentina and Brazil?
Answer: The main crops of Argentina are wheat and sugarcane, while Brazil also produces these in significant amounts.
In simple words: Argentina's main crops are wheat and sugarcane, which Brazil also grows a lot of.

Exam Tip: Specify the primary crop for each country mentioned.

 

Question 37. Which are the chief minerals of South America?
Answer: South America's main minerals include manganese, copper, mineral oil, tin, and coal.
In simple words: Manganese, copper, mineral oil, tin, and coal are the chief minerals found in South America.

Exam Tip: List several important minerals found in the continent.

 

Question 38. Which are the main transport routes of South America?
Answer: The primary transport routes in South America involve the extensive roadways and the Trans-Andean railways, connecting cities like Buenos Aires and Lima.
In simple words: Major transport routes in South America include wide roads and the Trans-Andean railways that link Buenos Aires and Lima.

Exam Tip: Mention key transport modes and give examples of significant connections.

 

Question 39. Why does Brazil have an important strategic geographical location?
Answer: Brazil holds a crucial strategic geographic position because it borders almost every other country in South America, with the exceptions of Chile and Ecuador.
In simple words: Brazil's location is important because it shares borders with almost all South American countries, except Chile and Ecuador.

Exam Tip: Explain the reason clearly by highlighting Brazil's extensive border sharing.

 

Question 40. Which forests of South America is well known? For what?
Answer: The Amazon forest is a famous forest in South America, known for its rich plant life and diverse animal species.
In simple words: The Amazon forest in South America is famous for its many plants and animals.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific forest and its defining characteristics.

 

Question 41. Which are the main crops of Argentina?
Answer: The principal crops cultivated in Argentina are wheat and grapes.
In simple words: Wheat and grapes are the main crops grown in Argentina.

Exam Tip: List the key agricultural products specific to Argentina.

 

Question 42. What is the main language of Brazil? Why?
Answer: The main language spoken in Brazil is Portuguese because Portuguese people ruled the country in past times.
In simple words: Portuguese is the main language in Brazil because people from Portugal ruled there long ago.

Exam Tip: State the language and provide the historical reason for its prevalence.

 

Question 43. Which people are seen more in Argentina?
Answer: Europeans are more commonly observed in Argentina.
In simple words: Most people you see in Argentina are of European descent.

Exam Tip: Identify the demographic group that is most prevalent.

 

Question 44. Which are the main rivers of Europe?
Answer: The major rivers of Europe include the Rhine, Volga, and Danube.
In simple words: The Rhine, Volga, and Danube are important rivers in Europe.

Exam Tip: List at least three significant rivers to show knowledge of European geography.

 

Question 45. What kind of soil is found in South Europe?
Answer: The soil in Southern Europe is typically dark brown and has a coarse texture.
In simple words: South Europe has soil that is dark brown and feels rough.

Exam Tip: Describe the color and texture of the soil.

 

Question 46. Where is grey coloured soil found in Europe?
Answer: Grey-colored soil is found in European countries like Norway and Sweden.
In simple words: Norway and Sweden in Europe have grey soil.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific countries where this soil type is present.

 

Question 47. Which crops are grown on the shore of Middle Sea in Europe?
Answer: Along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, crops such as citrus fruits, wheat, and corn are cultivated.
In simple words: Citrus fruits, wheat, and corn grow along the European coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

Exam Tip: Name the main crops grown in that specific coastal region.

 

Question 48. How many people of Europe are involved in agriculture?
Answer: In Europe, 75% of the population in Eastern Europe is engaged in agriculture, compared to 25% in Western Europe.
In simple words: In Eastern Europe, 75% of people work in farming, while in Western Europe, only 25% do.

Exam Tip: Specify the percentages for both eastern and western parts of Europe.

 

Question 49. Which minerals does Europe produce?
Answer: Europe produces minerals such as iron, coal, bauxite, and potash.
In simple words: Europe extracts minerals like iron, coal, bauxite, and potash.

Exam Tip: List the major minerals found across the European continent.

 

Question 50. What does France produce in abundance?
Answer: France produces large quantities of wheat, coal, iron, mineral oil, salt, and bauxite.
In simple words: France produces a lot of wheat, coal, iron, mineral oil, salt, and bauxite.

Exam Tip: Enumerate several key products that France produces in large amounts.

 

Question 51. With which countries does Germany share its border?
Answer: Germany shares its borders with several countries, including the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Denmark.
In simple words: Germany is next to the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Denmark.

Exam Tip: List as many neighboring countries as you can remember for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 52. Which are the main physiographic divisions of Germany?
Answer: The primary physiographic divisions of Germany are the snow-covered soil and sandy plains, and the Alps Mountain Range.
In simple words: Germany's main land areas are snowy and sandy plains, plus the Alps Mountain Range.

Exam Tip: Identify the two main geographical divisions of Germany.

 

Question 53. Which are the main rivers of Germany?
Answer: The main rivers flowing through Germany are the Oder, Elbe, and Rhine.
In simple words: Germany's major rivers include the Oder, Elbe, and Rhine.

Exam Tip: Name the most important rivers in Germany.

 

Question 54. Which trees grow in regions with moderate climate?
Answer: In areas with a moderate climate, trees like oak, birch, ash, and beech commonly grow.
In simple words: Oak, birch, ash, and beech trees typically grow in regions with average weather.

Exam Tip: List several types of trees typically found in temperate regions.

 

Question 55. From where are coal and iron found in Germany?
Answer: In Germany, coal is found in the Ruhr region, and iron is found in the Thyssen region.
In simple words: Coal comes from the Ruhr, and iron comes from Thyssen in Germany.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific regions associated with the production of each mineral.

 

Question 56. Name some major cities of Germany.
Answer: Important cities in Germany include Munich, Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Stuttgart.
In simple words: Munich, Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Stuttgart are key cities in Germany.

Exam Tip: When asked for major cities, aim to list at least three prominent ones.

 

Question 57. Which are the main tourist attractions of Italy? Name any two.
Answer: The main tourist attractions in Italy include Rome and Venice.
In simple words: Rome and Venice are popular tourist spots in Italy.

Exam Tip: When asked for specific examples, name at least two well-known sites.

 

Question 58. Which wonder of the world is in France?
Answer: The Eiffel Tower, a world wonder, is located in France.
In simple words: The Eiffel Tower, a famous global landmark, is found in France.

Exam Tip: Identify the landmark and its country.

 

Question 59. By what other name is Norway known?
Answer: Norway is also recognized as the "Country of the Midnight Sun."
In simple words: Norway is also called the "Country of the Midnight Sun."

Exam Tip: State the alternative name clearly.

Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 1. U.S.A. covers ................... % of the land area of the world.
(A) 12
(B) 18
(C) 16
(D) 22
Answer: (C) 16
In simple words: The United States of America takes up about 16 percent of all the land on Earth.

Exam Tip: Know the key geographical statistics for major countries.

 

Question 2. The ................... part of America is narrow.
(A) Eastern
(B) Western
(C) Northern
(D) Southern
Answer: (D) Southern
In simple words: The southern part of America is notably narrower in its shape.

Exam Tip: Visualize the map of the continent to recall its general shape and width variations.

 

Question 3. There are ................... time zones in North America.
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 6
Answer: (C) 4
In simple words: North America has four distinct time zones to cover its wide area.

Exam Tip: Remember the number of standard time zones for large continents like North America.

 

Question 4. The Plains of Prairies are famous for growing ...................
(A) Wheat
(B) Paddy
(C) Fruits
(D) Pineapples
Answer: (A) Wheat
In simple words: The Prairies plains are well-known for their abundant wheat cultivation.

Exam Tip: Associate specific geographical features with their primary agricultural products.

 

Question 5. ................... live in igloos.
(A) Red Indians
(B) Eskimos
(C) Pygmies
(D) Habsis
Answer: (B) Eskimos
In simple words: Eskimos are the people who live in igloos, which are dome-shaped shelters made of snow.

Exam Tip: Connect indigenous communities with their traditional housing types.

 

Question 6. In the ................... part of the continent of North America, the climate is unfavorable.
(A) Northern
(B) Eastern
(C) Southern
(D) Central
Answer: (D) Central
In simple words: The central part of North America experiences a climate that is not very suitable or pleasant.

Exam Tip: Understand how climate varies across different regions of a continent.

 

Question 7. ................... experiences severe cyclones.
(A) Canada
(B) Illinois
(C) Alaska
(D) Texas
Answer: (D) Texas
In simple words: Texas frequently experiences very strong cyclones, often called tornadoes.

Exam Tip: Identify regions known for specific severe weather phenomena.

 

Question 8. There are ................... Great Lakes which make a natural boundary between America and Canada.
(A) 5
(B) 9
(C) 12
(D) Several
Answer: (A) 5
In simple words: Five Great Lakes form a natural border between America and Canada.

Exam Tip: Remember the specific number of the Great Lakes and their geographical significance.

 

Question 9. The Grand Canyon is located over River ...................
(A) Colorado
(B) Amazon
(C) Orinoco
(D) Rongue
Answer: (A) Colorado
In simple words: The Grand Canyon is found above the Colorado River, carved out by its flow.

Exam Tip: Associate major landforms with the rivers that created them.

 

Question 10. The Popocatepetl Volcano is located in ...................
(A) Mexico
(B) Alaska
Answer: (A) Mexico
In simple words: The Popocatepetl Volcano is situated in Mexico.

Exam Tip: Link prominent geographical features, like volcanoes, to their respective countries.

 

Question 11. ................... stands first in terms of industries in the world.
(A) Canada
(B) USA
(C) Mexico
(D) Japan
Answer: (B) USA
In simple words: The USA is considered the top country globally for industries.

Exam Tip: Identify leading countries in major economic sectors like industry.

 

Question 12. ................... trees grow in Tundra region.
(A) Evergreen
(B) Deciduous
(C) Thorny
(D) Coniferous
Answer: (D) Coniferous
In simple words: Coniferous trees are the type of trees that grow in the Tundra region.

Exam Tip: Understand the types of vegetation found in different climate zones.

 

Question 13. Canada is the biggest producer of ................... in the world.
(A) Nickel
(B) Platinum
(C) Asbestos
(D) Mica
Answer: (C) Asbestos
In simple words: Canada is the world's largest producer of asbestos.

Exam Tip: Recall specific resources for which certain countries are the biggest producers.

 

Question 14. ................... is the capital of Canada.
(A) Montreal
(B) Toronto
(C) Ottawa
Answer: (C) Ottawa
In simple words: Ottawa serves as the capital city of Canada.

Exam Tip: Know the capitals of major countries.

 

Question 15. ................... is the National Game of Canada.
(A) American football
(B) Ice hockey
(C) Rugby
(D) Hand ball
Answer: (B) Ice hockey
In simple words: Ice hockey is recognized as the national sport of Canada.

Exam Tip: Identify the national sports associated with different countries.

 

Question 16. The White House is located in ...................
(A) New York
(B) Los Angeles
(C) San Francisco
(D) Washington
Answer: (D) Washington
In simple words: The White House is found in Washington, D.C.

Exam Tip: Associate famous landmarks with their correct cities.

 

Question 17. South America is ................... in shape.
(A) Rectangular
(B) Oblongular
(C) Circular
(D) Triangular
Answer: (D) Triangular
In simple words: South America generally has a triangular form or shape.

Exam Tip: Remember the approximate shape of continents.

 

Question 18. South America covers ................... % of the total land area of the world.
(A) 12
(B) 16
(C) 18
Answer: (D) 13
In simple words: South America occupies about 13% of the world's entire land surface.

Exam Tip: Know the percentage of global land area covered by major continents.

 

Question 19. Aconcagua Volcano is ................... m high.
(A) 8900
(B) 6960
(C) 4250
(D) 3110
Answer: (B) 6960
In simple words: The Aconcagua Volcano reaches a height of 6960 meters.

Exam Tip: Remember the specific heights or measurements for significant geographical features.

 

Question 20. The desert of ................... is located in South America.
(A) Patagonia
(B) Atakamana
(C) Parana-Paraguay
(D) Orinoco
Answer: (B) Atakamana
In simple words: The Atacama desert is found within South America.

Exam Tip: Associate major deserts with their correct continents.

 

Question 21. The world's longest river is ...................
(A) Nile
(B) Amazon
(C) Colorado
(D) Orinoco
Answer: (B) Amazon
In simple words: The Amazon River is considered the longest river in the world.

Exam Tip: Identify the world's longest river.

 

Question 22. Amazon River covers a distance of ................... km.
(A) 3120
(B) 4827
Answer: (B) 4827
In simple words: The Amazon River stretches over a distance of 4827 kilometers.

Exam Tip: Remember the length of significant geographical features like major rivers.

 

Question 23. The central part of the continent of America falls in the ................... zone.
(A) Torrid
(B) Temperate
(C) Frigid
(D) Equatorial
Answer: (A) Torrid
In simple words: The middle section of the American continent lies within the Torrid zone.

Exam Tip: Understand the major climate zones and which parts of continents fall into them.

 

Question 24. ................... is the neighbor of South America.
(A) Australia
(B) Europe
(C) Asia
(D) Antarctica
Answer: (D) Antarctica
In simple words: Antarctica is the continent situated next to South America.

Exam Tip: Identify the continental neighbors based on global geography.

 

Question 25. The Alfalfa grass of ................... is well known.
(A) Patagonia
(B) Savanna
(C) Pampas
(D) Parana-Paraguay
Answer: (C) Pampas
In simple words: The Alfalfa grass from the Pampas region is widely recognized.

Exam Tip: Link specific types of vegetation to their famous geographical regions.

 

Question 26. ................... % of the population of South America is involved in agriculture.
(A) 50
(B) 60
(C) 70
(D) 80
Answer: (B) 60
In simple words: Roughly 60% of South America's population participates in agricultural activities.

Exam Tip: Remember the proportion of the population engaged in major economic sectors.

 

Question 27. % land of South America is occupied by farming.
(a) 3.1
(b) 8.6
(c) 4.2
(d) 5.7
Answer: (c) 4.2
In simple words: Only a small part of South America's land, about 4.2 percent, is used for farming activities.

Exam Tip: Remember to distinguish between the total land area and the portion actively used for specific purposes like agriculture.

 

Question 28. South America makes % coffee of the world.
(a) 80
(b) 70
(c) 90
(d) 60
Answer: (c) 90
In simple words: South America produces a very large share, specifically 90 percent, of all the coffee grown worldwide.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to statistics related to agricultural production, especially for key commodities like coffee from South America.

 

Question 29. 4.6% of the mineral oil of the world is obtained from .
(a) Brazil
(b) Columbia
(c) Venezuela
(d) Ecuador
Answer: (c) Venezuela
In simple words: Venezuela supplies 4.6 percent of the world's total mineral oil production.

Exam Tip: Learn the major natural resource producers for different continents, as these are common factual questions.

 

Question 30. Waterways are a boon for country like .
(a) England
(b) Scotland
Answer: (a) England
In simple words: Having many waterways is a big benefit for a country like England, helping with transportation and trade.

Exam Tip: Consider how geographical features like rivers and canals impact a country's development and transportation infrastructure.

 

Question 31. is the biggest country of the southern hemisphere.
(a) USA
(b) Mexico
(c) Brazil
(d) West Indies
Answer: (c) Brazil
In simple words: Brazil is the largest country located in the southern half of the Earth.

Exam Tip: Know the largest countries by area in different hemispheres and continents.

 

Question 32. Brazil is the largest country of the world.
(a) 3rd
(b) 5th
(c) 9th
(d) 7th
Answer: (b) 5th
In simple words: Brazil holds the position of the fifth biggest country in the entire world by size.

Exam Tip: Memorize the ranks of major countries by their land area globally.

 

Question 33. The once ruled over Brazil.
(a) British
(b) French
(c) Dutch
(d) Portuguese
Answer: (d) Portuguese
In simple words: The Portuguese historically controlled Brazil as a colony.

Exam Tip: Be familiar with the colonial history of major nations and the languages spoken as a result.

 

Question 34. Brazil shares its border with .
(a) Chile
(b) Ecuador
Answer: (d) None of these
In simple words: Brazil shares its border with nearly every country in South America, but not with Chile or Ecuador.

Exam Tip: Study the geographical boundaries of large countries, paying attention to which neighbors they do and do not share borders with.

 

Question 35. Maximum number of people of Brazil live in the part of the country.
(a) Eastern
(b) Western
(c) Northern
(d) Southern
Answer: (a) Eastern
In simple words: Most of Brazil's population resides in the eastern region of the country.

Exam Tip: Understand population distribution patterns within large countries, often influenced by historical settlement, access to resources, and climate.

 

Question 36. % of the population of Brazil lives in rural areas.
(a) 30
(b) 50
(c) 60
(d) 70
Answer: (c) 60
In simple words: Sixty percent of Brazil's population lives in rural areas, showing a significant number of people in the countryside.

Exam Tip: Be aware of the demographic characteristics of countries, including the percentage of rural vs. urban population.

 

Question 37. Argentina is in shape.
(a) Circular
(b) Semi-circular
(c) Triangular
(d) Triangular
Answer: (d) Triangular
In simple words: Argentina's shape is generally triangular, widening towards the north and narrowing towards the south.

Exam Tip: Visualizing the map or knowing basic geographical shapes of countries can help answer such questions.

 

Question 38. Most people of Argentina speak .
(a) Dutch
(b) French
(c) Spanish
Answer: (c) Spanish
In simple words: The majority of people in Argentina communicate using the Spanish language.

Exam Tip: Link the colonial history of a country to the main language spoken by its population.

 

Question 39. is the largest fresh water lake in the world.
(a) Ladoga
(b) Titicaca
(c) Chimborazo
(d) Cotopaxi
Answer: (a) Ladoga
In simple words: Lake Ladoga is considered the largest freshwater lake on Earth.

Exam Tip: Know the largest geographical features globally, such as lakes, mountains, and rivers.

 

Question 40. What is the population of Europe?
(a) 64 cr
(b) 79 cr
(c) 96 cr
(d) 110 cr
Answer: (a) 64 cr
In simple words: Europe has a population of about 64 crore people.

Exam Tip: Keep updated on population figures for major continents, even if approximate, to answer general knowledge questions.

 

Question 41. What is the colour of the soil of Norway and Sweden?
(a) Red
(b) Grey
(c) Dark Brown
(d) Black
Answer: (b) Grey
In simple words: The soil in Norway and Sweden is typically grey in color.

Exam Tip: Note specific geographical details, like soil types and their colors in different regions, as these can be asked in exams.

 

Question 42. The western part of Europe is region.
(a) Desert
(b) Plateau
(c) Mountainous
Answer: (c) Mountainous
In simple words: The western part of Europe is characterized by many mountains.

Exam Tip: Understand the physiographic divisions of continents, identifying key features like mountain ranges, plains, and plateaus.

 

Question 43. % people of western Europe is involved in agriculture.
(a) 25
(b) 35
(c) 40
(d) 50
Answer: (a) 25
In simple words: Only 25 percent of the people in western Europe work in agriculture.

Exam Tip: Compare the agricultural involvement in different regions of a continent and understand the reasons behind these differences.

 

Question 44. The western part of Ural Mountains of Europe produces % minerals of the world.
(a) 65
(b) 56
(c) 54
(d) 45
Answer: (b) 56
In simple words: The western area of Europe's Ural Mountains generates 56 percent of the world's minerals.

Exam Tip: Focus on significant mineral-producing regions and their contribution to global output.

 

Question 45. Among all the continents is the most densely populated.
(a) North America
(b) Africa
(c) Europe
(d) Asia
Answer: (c) Europe
In simple words: Europe has the highest population density compared to all other continents.

Exam Tip: Remember key demographic facts about continents, such as population density and total population.

 

Question 46. is the largest country of the world.
(a) Russia
Answer: (a) Russia
In simple words: Russia is known as the biggest country on Earth by land area.

Exam Tip: Be able to identify the largest countries globally by area and population.

 

Question 47. What is the main crop of Russia?
(a) Paddy
(b) Wheat
(c) Maize
(d) Millet
Answer: (b) Wheat
In simple words: The primary crop grown in Russia is wheat.

Exam Tip: Know the staple crops and major agricultural products of key countries and regions.

 

Question 48. % of the total production of wheat of the world is produced in Russia.
(a) 25
(b) 35
(c) 40
(d) 55
Answer: (a) 25
In simple words: Russia accounts for 25 percent of the world's total wheat output.

Exam Tip: Learn specific percentages of global production for important agricultural products from different countries.

 

Question 49. The main mineral of England is .
(a) Iron
(b) Coal
(c) Bauxite
(d) Potash
Answer: (b) Coal
In simple words: Coal is the primary mineral resource found in England.

Exam Tip: Identify the most significant mineral resources of different countries.

 

Question 50. % of the land of England is covered by forest.
(a) 44
(b) 12
(c) 36
(d) 4
Answer: (d) 4
In simple words: Only 4 percent of England's land area is covered by forests.

Exam Tip: Understand land use patterns and forest cover percentages for different regions and countries.

 

Question 51. England is located near .
(a) Pacific Ocean
(b) Indian Ocean
(c) Atlantic Ocean
(d) Arctic Ocean
Answer: (c) Atlantic Ocean
In simple words: England is situated close to the Atlantic Ocean.

Exam Tip: Know the major oceans and seas that border different countries and continents.

 

Question 52. France is in shape.
(a) Rectangle
(b) Triangle
(c) Flexagonal
(d) Round
Answer: (c) Flexagonal
In simple words: France has a distinctive hexagonal shape.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the common or notable shapes of countries as seen on a map.

 

Question 53. is the biggest democratic country of Europe.
(a) Russia
(b) England
(c) France
(d) Germany
Answer: (c) France
In simple words: France is considered the largest democratic nation in Europe.

Exam Tip: Understand the political systems and relative sizes of key European countries.

 

Question 54. Mont Blanc is m high.
(a) 4813.2
(b) 4460.8
Answer: (a) 4813.2
In simple words: Mont Blanc reaches a height of 4813.2 meters.

Exam Tip: Learn the heights of prominent mountains, especially the highest peaks in different regions or continents.

 

Question 55. The longest river of France is .
(a) Rhine
(b) Volga
(c) Danube
(d) Seine
Answer: (d) Seine
In simple words: The Seine is the longest river flowing through France.

Exam Tip: Identify the major rivers of important countries and their characteristics, such as length or importance for navigation.

 

Question 56. What is the capital of Germany?
(a) Paris
(b) Berlin
(c) London
(d) Frankfurt
Answer: (b) Berlin
In simple words: The capital city of Germany is Berlin.

Exam Tip: Know the capitals of all major countries. This is fundamental general knowledge.

 

Question 57. The mountain ranges are located in Germany.
(a) Alps
(b) Andes
(c) Rockies
(d) Appalachian
Answer: (a) Alps
In simple words: The Alps mountain range is found in Germany.

Exam Tip: Associate major mountain ranges with the countries or continents they traverse.

 

Question 58. The winter is moderate in Germany.
(a) East
(b) West
(c) North
(d) South
Answer: (d) South
In simple words: Winters are mild in the southern part of Germany.

Exam Tip: Understand how climate can vary within a country, often influenced by latitude, proximity to water, and topography.

 

Question 59. The Eiffel Tower is located in .
(a) France
(b) Germany
(c) Italy
(d) England
Answer: (a) France
In simple words: The famous Eiffel Tower stands in France.

Exam Tip: Link world-renowned landmarks with their correct countries.

 

Question 60. Coniferous forests grow in region.
(a) Coastal
(b) Desert
(c) Hot
(d) Cold
Answer: (d) Cold
In simple words: Coniferous forests, characterized by needle-leaf trees, thrive in cold regions.

Exam Tip: Understand the types of forests and their corresponding climatic conditions.

 

Fill In The Blanks

 

Question 1. North America is spread over sq. km.
Answer: 2.44 lakh
In simple words: North America spans an area of 2.44 lakh square kilometers.

Exam Tip: Remember significant geographical measurements, such as the area of continents.

 

Question 2. The natives of North America are known as .
Answer: Red Indians
In simple words: The original inhabitants of North America are commonly referred to as Red Indians.

Exam Tip: Learn the traditional names for indigenous populations of different continents.

 

Question 3. discovered America.
Answer: Christopher Columbus
In simple words: Christopher Columbus is credited with the discovery of America.

Exam Tip: Know the key explorers and their significant discoveries in history.

 

Question 4. Amerigo Vespucci was from .
Answer: Italy
In simple words: Amerigo Vespucci originated from Italy.

Exam Tip: Connect important historical figures with their country of origin.

 

Question 5. passes from Canada.
Answer: North Pole
In simple words: The North Pole passes through Canada.

Exam Tip: Understand the major geographical lines of latitude and longitude and which countries they pass through.

 

Question 6. passes from central Mexico.
Answer: Tropic of Cancer
In simple words: The Tropic of Cancer crosses through central Mexico.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the paths of the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn across continents.

 

Question 7. Wheat grown in the of North America is world famous.
Answer: Plains of Prairies
In simple words: The wheat cultivated in the Prairies Plains of North America is globally renowned.

Exam Tip: Identify famous agricultural regions and their key products.

 

Question 8. is the highest peak of North America.
Answer: Mt. McKinley
In simple words: Mount McKinley stands as North America's highest point.

Exam Tip: Remember the highest peaks of each continent.

 

Question 9. Mt. McKinley is in .
Answer: Alaska
In simple words: Mount McKinley is situated in Alaska.

Exam Tip: Connect major mountain peaks with their specific location or region.

 

Question 10. The Eskimos live in .
Answer: Igloo
In simple words: Eskimos reside in special domed houses called Igloos.

Exam Tip: Learn about different traditional housing types and the communities that use them.

 

Question 11. is the biggest continent of the northern hemisphere.
Answer: North America
In simple words: North America is the largest continent in the Northern Hemisphere.

Exam Tip: Understand the distribution of continents across the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

 

Question 12. Numerous types of fish are found from in Canada.
Answer: Newfoundland
In simple words: Many kinds of fish are found off the coast of Newfoundland in Canada.

Exam Tip: Identify key fishing grounds or regions known for marine life.

 

Question 13. South America is the largest continent in the western hemisphere of the world.
Answer: 4th
In simple words: South America ranks as the fourth largest continent in the world's western hemisphere.

Exam Tip: Memorize the size ranking of continents within specific hemispheres.

 

Question 14. lake is located in Bolivia in South America.
Answer: Titicaca
In simple words: Lake Titicaca is found in Bolivia, within South America.

Exam Tip: Connect major geographical features like lakes with their correct countries or regions.

 

Question 15. The highlands of are located in South America.
Answer: Patagonia
In simple words: The Patagonian highlands are situated in South America.

Exam Tip: Know the location of significant highland regions across continents.

 

Question 16. There are % forests of the world in South America.
Answer: 21
In simple words: South America contains 21 percent of the world's forests.

Exam Tip: Learn the global distribution of major ecosystems like forests and grasslands by continent.

 

Question 17. There are % grasslands of the world in South America.
Answer: 14
In simple words: South America is home to 14 percent of the world's grasslands.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between forest and grassland percentages for key continents.

 

Question 18. The grass of Pampas is well known.
Answer: Alfalfa
In simple words: The Alfalfa grass, found in the Pampas region, is widely recognized.

Exam Tip: Note specific plant types associated with famous geographical regions.

 

Question 19. canal is a blessing for South America.
Answer: Panama
In simple words: The Panama Canal is a significant benefit for South America.

Exam Tip: Understand the importance of major canals for global trade and regional development.

 

Question 20. A python named is found in South America.
Answer: Anaconda
In simple words: The Anaconda python species is native to South America.

Exam Tip: Connect specific animal species with their natural habitats or continents.

 

Question 21. The capital of Brazil is .
Answer: Brasilia
In simple words: Brasilia serves as the capital city of Brazil.

Exam Tip: Know the capitals of all major countries.

 

Question 22. Argentina is situated near mountains.
Answer: Andes
In simple words: Argentina is located close to the Andes mountains.

Exam Tip: Understand the geographical proximity of countries to major mountain ranges.

 

Question 23. % people of Argentina live in cities.
Answer: 68
In simple words: Sixty-eight percent of Argentina's population resides in urban areas.

Exam Tip: Be aware of the urbanization rates and population distribution (urban vs. rural) in different countries.

 

Question 24. The capital of Argentina is .
Answer: Buenos Aires
In simple words: Buenos Aires is the capital city of Argentina.

Exam Tip: Know the capitals of all major countries.

 

Question 25. Europe is separated from Asia by mountains.
Answer: Ural
In simple words: The Ural Mountains form the natural boundary that separates Europe from Asia.

Exam Tip: Identify key geographical features that act as natural borders between continents or regions.

 

Question 26. Europe is spread over sq km.
Answer: 1.06 crore
In simple words: Europe spans an area of 1.06 crore square kilometers.

Exam Tip: Memorize the approximate land area of different continents.

 

Question 27. The soil of South Europe is in colour.
Answer: Dark brown
In simple words: The soil found in Southern Europe is typically dark brown.

Exam Tip: Note specific geographical details, like soil types and their colors in different regions.

 

Question 28. % of people of eastern Europe are involved in agriculture.
Answer: 75
In simple words: Seventy-five percent of the population in Eastern Europe works in agriculture.

Exam Tip: Compare the economic activities and agricultural involvement in different regions of a continent.

 

Question 29. Coal is obtained from province of Germany.
Answer: Ruhr
In simple words: Coal is extracted from the Ruhr province in Germany.

Exam Tip: Identify major mineral-producing regions within key countries.

 

Question 30. Iron is obtained from province of Russia.
Answer: Quinoa
In simple words: Iron is sourced from the Quinoa province of Russia.

Exam Tip: Learn specific mining locations for important minerals in different countries.

 

Question 31. was the first lady to step on the North Pole.
Answer: Mrs. Preeti Sengupta
In simple words: Mrs. Preeti Sengupta was the first woman to reach the North Pole.

Exam Tip: Note significant historical achievements, especially those involving exploration or breaking barriers.

 

Question 32. is the capital of Russia.
Answer: Moscow
In simple words: Moscow is the capital city of Russia.

Exam Tip: Know the capitals of all major countries.

 

Question 33. % people of Russia are involved in agriculture.
Answer: 50
In simple words: Half of Russia's population, 50 percent, works in agriculture.

Exam Tip: Understand the demographic distribution of labor in different sectors, like agriculture, for various nations.

 

Question 34. is the capital of France.
Answer: Paris
In simple words: Paris is the capital city of France.

Exam Tip: Know the capitals of all major countries.

 

Question 35. is the highest peak of Europe.
Answer: Mont Blanc
In simple words: Mont Blanc is recognized as the tallest peak in Europe.

Exam Tip: Remember the highest peaks of each continent.

 

Question 36. Germany leads the world in industry.
Answer: Engineering
In simple words: Germany is a global leader in the engineering industry.

Exam Tip: Identify countries known for their specific industrial strengths.

 

Question 37. Only % land of Europe and Russia is suitable for agriculture.
Answer: 10
In simple words: Just 10 percent of the land in Europe and Russia is suitable for farming.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to statistics on arable land and factors that limit agricultural suitability in different regions.

 

Question 38. Chile, Peru, Colombia, etc. are suitable for growing .
Answer: Coffee
In simple words: Countries like Chile, Peru, and Colombia are ideal for cultivating coffee.

Exam Tip: Connect specific cash crops with the countries and climatic conditions where they thrive.

 

Question 39. is very famous.
Answer: Brazil
In simple words: Brazil is widely known for its characteristics and contributions.

Exam Tip: Recognize countries based on their widespread fame or unique attributes mentioned in the context.

 

Question 40. is the biggest peninsula of the world.
Answer: Eurasia
In simple words: Eurasia is recognized as the largest peninsula on Earth.

Exam Tip: Know the largest geographical formations, like peninsulas, globally.

 

True or False

 

Question 1. The world is divided into 6 continents.
Answer: False
In simple words: The world is typically understood to be divided into seven continents, not six.

Exam Tip: Remember the widely accepted number of continents (seven) and be able to name them.

 

Question 2. India has one time zone whereas North America has four.
Answer: True
In simple words: India operates on a single time zone, while North America spans four different time zones due to its large size.

Exam Tip: Understand the concept of time zones and how they are applied to different countries and continents.

 

Question 3. Hardly anything is produced in Alaska.
Answer: True
In simple words: Due to its extremely cold climate and snowy conditions, very little agriculture or other production occurs in Alaska.

Exam Tip: Relate climatic conditions to agricultural potential and economic activities in different regions.

 

Question 4. The Great lakes are formed of seven huge lakes.
Answer: False
In simple words: The Great Lakes consist of five large lakes, not seven.

Exam Tip: Accurately recall the number and names of prominent geographical features like the Great Lakes.

 

Question 5. Mt. Mckinley is the highest peak of south America.
Answer: False
In simple words: Mount McKinley is actually the highest peak in North America, not South America.

Exam Tip: Correctly associate the highest peaks with their respective continents.

 

Question 6. Ottawa is the capital of the largest country of North America.
Answer: True
In simple words: Ottawa is indeed the capital of Canada, which is the largest country by area in North America.

Exam Tip: Know the capitals of major countries and their relative sizes within continents.

 

Question 7. India: Hockey; Canada: Ice Hockey.
Answer: True
In simple words: Hockey is the national sport of India, and Ice Hockey is the national sport of Canada.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the national sports of different countries, especially those mentioned in your syllabus.

 

Question 8. America is a North America country.
Answer: False

Exam Tip: Be careful with statements that generalize continents or countries. Always check geographical facts.

 

Question 9. Aconcagua volcanic mountain is the highest volcanic mountain of South America.
Answer: True

Exam Tip: Memorize key geographical features like the highest peaks and their locations to answer such questions accurately.

 

Question 10. Cotopaxi = Inactive, Chimborazo = Active.
Answer: False

Exam Tip: It is important to remember the activity status (active or inactive) of major volcanoes. This question reverses the correct facts.

 

Question 11. Pampas is a grassland.
Answer: True

Exam Tip: Know the various types of grasslands found in different continents, as they are often tested in geography.

 

Question 12. Brazil is so huge that it shares its border with every country of South America except Chile.
Answer: False

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to exceptions mentioned in geographical statements. Brazil borders every South American country except Chile and Ecuador.

 

Question 13. Shape of Argentina is like the shape of lower half of India.
Answer: True

Exam Tip: Visual comparisons of country shapes can help in remembering their geographical outlines and relative sizes.

 

Question 14. Only 25% population of Western Europe is involved in agriculture because of extreme weather conditions.
Answer: False

Exam Tip: Understand the reasons for agricultural involvement in different regions. In Western Europe, the mountainous terrain is the primary factor, not extreme weather.

 

Question 15. Canada: largest country of North America; Brazil: largest country of South America.
Answer: True

Exam Tip: This question tests knowledge of the largest countries by area within their respective continents. It's a fundamental geography fact.

 

Question 17. Canada - Ottawa; France - Siene; Russia - Moscow.
Answer: False

Exam Tip: When a question combines multiple facts, if even one fact is incorrect, the entire statement is false. France's capital is Paris, not Siene.

 

Match the Following

Answer: 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - f, 4 - b, 5 - d, 6 - e

Exam Tip: For match the following questions, create a mental list of all known facts. Eliminate options carefully. First match the most obvious pairs.