GSEB Class 7 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 7 विश्वासो नैव कर्तव्यः

Question 1. Pronounce the following words orally: નીચેના શબ્દોનું મોટેથી ઉચ્ચારણ કરોઃ
स्वस्य, शीघ्रम्, तिष्ठतु, विस्मरति, खादितुम्, करुणतया, नेष्यामि, वञ्चकः, पिप्पलवृक्षः, अन्विष्यति, शृगालेन, क्रुध्यति
Answer: Under the careful guidance of your Sanskrit teacher, pronounce these words clearly and purely three times.
In simple words: Say these words aloud three times, focusing on clear and correct pronunciation, with your teacher's help.

Exam Tip: Practice makes perfect for pronunciation; pay attention to intonation and stress as guided by your teacher.

Question 2. Answer the following questions orally in Sanskrit and then write them : नीचेना પ્રશ્નોના ઉત્તર સંસ્કૃતમાં આપો અને લખોઃ

Question 1. अजा कुत्र गच्छति?
Answer: अजा वनं गच्छति ।
In simple words: The goat goes to the forest.

Exam Tip: For simple Sanskrit questions, directly state the location or action as given in the story.

Question 2. कः रोदिति ?
Answer: अजाशिशुः रोदिति।
In simple words: The goat's young one is crying.

Exam Tip: Identify the subject performing the action clearly in your answer.

Question 3. शृगालः अजाशिशुं दृष्ट्ा किम् इच्छति
Answer: शृगालः अजाशिशुं दृष्ट्वा सुकोमलं मांसं खादितुम् इच्छति।
In simple words: The fox sees the goat's young one and wants to eat its tender meat.

Exam Tip: Explain both the observation and the desire of the character in your response.

Question 4. कः वञ्चकः अस्ति?
Answer: शृगालः वञ्चकः अस्ति।
In simple words: The fox is the cunning one.

Exam Tip: State the identity clearly, as the question asks "Who is...?"

Question 5. शिशुमुखात घटनां श्रुत्वा अजा किं करोति?
Answer: शिशुमुखात् घटनां श्रुत्वा अजा क्रुध्यति शृगालं प्रहरति च।
In simple words: Hearing the incident from her young one, the goat becomes angry and attacks the fox.

Exam Tip: Describe the mother goat's reaction fully, including both her anger and her action.

Question 6. अजा शिशुं किं वदति?
Answer: अजा शिशुं वदति, "पुत्र, अपरिचितस्य उपरि कदापि विश्वासः नैव कर्तव्यः ।”
In simple words: The goat tells her young one, "Son, you should never trust a stranger."

Exam Tip: For direct speech questions, quote the exact words used by the character, if possible.

Question 7. कथायाः शीर्षकं किम् ?
Answer: कथायाः शीर्षकम् अस्ति – 'विश्वासः नैव कर्तव्यः।
In simple words: The story's title is 'Never Trust'.

Exam Tip: The title of a story often reveals its main message or theme.

Question 3. Write the following words in Sanskrit :
(1) Cunning
(2) Pippal Tree
(3) Goat
(4) Quick
(5) Stranger
(6) Running
(7) Beat
(8) Escape
Answer:
(1) वञ्चकः
(2) पिप्पलवृक्षः
(3) अजा
(4) शीघ्रम्, त्वरितम्
(5) अपरिचितः
(6) धावति
(7) प्र + ह – प्रहर (प्रहरति)
(8) परा + अय् – पलाय् – पलायते।
In simple words: These are the Sanskrit words that mean 'cunning', 'peepal tree', 'goat', 'quick', 'stranger', 'running', 'beat', and 'escape'.

Exam Tip: Learn common vocabulary by categorizing words and practicing their translations both ways.

Question 4. Arrange the following sentences in the order of the events : नीचेનાં વાક્યોને ઘટનાક્રમમાં ગોઠવો.
(१) “पुत्र, अपरिचितस्य उपरि कदापि विश्वासः नैव कर्तव्यः।”
(२) अजाशिशुः शृगालेन सह गच्छति ।
(३) पुत्र, अहं बहिः गच्छामि।
(४) शृगालः शिशुं पश्यति ।
(५) “चिन्ता मास्तु, अहं मातुः समीपं नेष्यामि।”
(६) शिशुमुखात् घटनां श्रुत्वा अजा क्रुध्यति ।
Answer:
(१) पुत्र, अहं बहिः गच्छामि।
(२) शृगालः शिशुं पश्यति ।
(३) “चिन्ता मास्तु, अहं मातुः समीपं नेष्यामि।”
(४) अजाशिशुः शृगालेन सह गच्छति।
(५) शिशुमुखात् घटनां श्रुत्वा अजा क्रुध्यति ।
(६) “पुत्र, अपरिचितस्य उपरि कदापि विश्वासः नैव कर्तव्यः।”
In simple words: The correct order of events is: the mother goat leaves, the fox sees the young one, the fox offers to take it to its mother, the young goat goes with the fox, the mother goat hears the story and gets angry, and finally, the mother goat advises against trusting strangers.

Exam Tip: To arrange events correctly, identify the beginning and end points, then sequence the intermediate actions logically based on the story's flow.

Question 5. In the lesson you studied the forms like करणीय, गमनीय meaning 'should be done thus should have been done thus. Form the words as shown in the illustration : પ્રસ્તુત પાઠમાં રળીય:, નીય: જેવાં રૂપોનો અભ્યાસ કર્યો. 'આમ કરવું જોઈએ” અથવા “આમ થવું જોઈએ? એ અર્થમાં આવાં રૂપો વપરાય છે. ઉદાહરણમાં દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ અન્ય શબ્દોની રચના કરો:
1. दर्शन – दर्शनीय – (दर्शन करने योग्य)
2. गमन
3. पठन
4. वन्दन
5. पूजन
6. लेखन
Answer:
1. दर्श (दर्शन) – दर्शनीय, दर्शयितव्य (proper to bow/worship)
2. गम् – गमनीय, गन्तव्य (proper to go)
3. पठ् – पठनीय, पठितव्य (proper to read)
4. वन्द् – वन्दनीय, वन्दितव्य (proper to bow)
5. पूज् – पूजनीय, पूजयितव्य (proper to worship)
6. लिख् – लेखनीय, लेखयितव्य (proper to write).
In simple words: This exercise shows how to form different Sanskrit words to mean 'should be done' or 'fit for doing', by adding suffixes like -नीय or -यितव्य.

Exam Tip: Understand the root verb (धातु) and the suffixes used to form participles of purpose and potential, as this helps in understanding their meaning.

Question 6. Frame the sentences using the words from the brackets. Follow the illustration : ઉદાહરણ મુજબ કૌંસમાંના શબ્દોનો ઉપયોગ કરી વાક્યરચના કરો:
Example:
• बालः .............................. इच्छति। (रोटिका, खाद)
Answer: बालः रोटिकां खादितुम् इच्छति।
Question 1.
छात्रा .............................. इच्छति। (पाठ, पठ्)
Answer: छात्रा पाठं पठितुम् इच्छति ।
Question 2.
शिक्षकः .............................. इच्छाता (कथा, कथय्)
Answer: शिक्षकः कथां कथयितुम् इच्छति ।
Question 3.
सरला .............................. इच्छति। (क्रीडा, क्रीड्)
Answer: सरला क्रीडां क्रीडितुम् इच्छति ।
Question 4.
प्रणवः .............................. इच्छति। (चित्र, रचय)
Answer: प्रणवः चित्रं रचयितुम् इच्छति ।
In simple words: This exercise shows how to use verbs with 'इच्छति' (wants to) by changing the action word into an infinitive form (ending with -तुम्).

Exam Tip: Remember to use the infinitive form of the verb (ending in -तुं or -तुम्) when expressing a desire or intention with 'इच्छति'.

Question 7. Fill in the blanks using the words given in the brackets : કૌંસમાં આપેલાં પદોને આધારે ખાલી જગ્યા પૂરો: (एकः, एका, एकम्)
(१) .............................. अश्वः धावति।
(२) .............................. बालकः क्रीडति।
(३) .............................. बाला पठति।
(४) .............................. मन्दिरम् अस्ति।
(५) .............................. शाला अस्ति।
(६) .............................. चित्रं पश्यामि।
Answer:
(१) एकः अश्वः धावति।
(२) एकः बालकः क्रीडति।
(३) एका बाला पठति।
(४) एकम् मन्दिरम् अस्ति।
(५) एका शाला अस्ति।
(६) एकम् चित्रं पश्यामि।
In simple words: You fill in the blanks with 'एक:', 'एका', or 'एकम्' to match the gender and number of the noun it describes.

Exam Tip: Ensure that the numeral (एकः, एका, एकम्) correctly matches the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) of the noun it precedes.

Activity:

• Write the words which your teacher dictate you from this lesson. તમારા શિક્ષક આ પાઠના જે શબ્દો બોલે તેનું શ્રુતલેખન કરો.
• Wear masks and present the lesson with action / enact the lesson. આ પાઠની રજૂઆત મહોરાં પહેરી અભિનય સાથે કરો.
• Tell the story of this lesson to your friends. પાઠની વાર્તા તમારા મિત્રોને સંભળાવો.

Question 1. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence in Sanskrit :
Question 1. (1) अजाशिशुः किमर्थं रोदिति?
Answer: अजाशिशुः वने मार्ग विस्मरति, अतः रोदिति।
In simple words: The goat's young one cries because it forgets its way in the forest.

Exam Tip: Always provide the reason for an action when asked "किमर्थं" (why) in a question.

Question 1. (2) कः अजाशिशुं पश्यति?
Answer: शृगालः अजाशिशुं पश्यति।
In simple words: The fox sees the goat's young one.

Exam Tip: Directly identify the subject performing the action to answer "कः" (who) questions.

Question 1. (3) शृगालः अजाशिशुं किं वदति ?
Answer: शृगालः अजाशिशुं वदति, "भवान् कः? किमर्थं रोदिति?"
In simple words: The fox asks the young goat, "Who are you? Why are you crying?"

Exam Tip: Quote the exact words spoken when the question asks "किं वदति" (what does he say).

Question 1. (4) अजाशिशुः शृगालं किं वदति?
Answer: अजाशिशुः शृगालं वदति, “अहं भवन्तं न जानामि।”
In simple words: The young goat tells the fox, "I do not know you."

Exam Tip: Focus on the response given by the character to accurately answer questions about their speech.

Question 1. (5) अजा स्वस्य पुत्रं किं वदति?
Answer: अजा स्वस्य पुत्रं वदति, “पुत्र, अहं बहिः गच्छामि। अहं शीघ्रम् आगच्छामि। अत्र एव तिष्ठतु।”
In simple words: The goat tells her son, "Son, I am going out. I will come back quickly. You stay right here."

Exam Tip: For longer dialogues, capture the key instructions or messages conveyed by the speaker.

Question 1. (6) "चिन्ता मास्तु, अहं मातुः समीपं नेष्यामि।” इदं वाक्यं कः कं वदति?
Answer: "चिन्ता मास्तु, अहं मातुः समीपं नेष्यामि।” इदं वाक्यं शृगालः अजाशिशुं वदति।
In simple words: The fox says this sentence to the goat's young one, meaning, "Don't worry, I will take you to your mother."

Exam Tip: When asked "कः कं वदति?" (Who says to whom?), identify both the speaker and the listener.

Question 1. (7) शृगालः कीदृशः अस्ति?
Answer: शृगालः वञ्चकः अस्ति।
In simple words: The fox is cunning.

Exam Tip: Use an appropriate adjective to describe the character's nature when asked "कीदृशः" (what kind of/how).

Question 1. (8) शृगालेन अजाशिशुः कः वृक्षः दृश्यते?
Answer: शृगालेन अजाशिशुः एकः पिप्पलवृक्षः दृश्यते।
In simple words: The fox shows the young goat a peepal tree.

Exam Tip: Mention the specific object that is seen or shown in your answer.

Question 1. (9) अजाशिशुः केन सह गच्छति?
Answer: अजाशिशुः शृगालेन सह गच्छति।
In simple words: The goat's young one goes with the fox.

Exam Tip: Clearly state who accompanies whom when asked "केन सह" (with whom).

Question 1. (10) वञ्चकः शृगालः अजाशिशुं किं वदति?
Answer: वञ्चकः शृगालः अजाशिशुं वदति, "तत्र एकः पिप्पलवृक्षः । भवतः माता तत्र भवन्तम् अन्विष्यति।”
In simple words: The cunning fox tells the young goat, "There is a peepal tree there. Your mother is looking for you there."

Exam Tip: For indirect speech, provide the essence of what was communicated, or direct quote if appropriate.

Question 1. (11) स्वपुत्रेण सह वञ्चकं शृगालं दृष्ट्ा अजा किं वदति?
Answer: स्वपुत्रेण सह वञ्चकं शृगालं दृष्ट्वा अजा वदति, "पुत्र, भवान् एतेन सह कुत्र गच्छति? अस्य विश्वासः न करणीयः।"
In simple words: Seeing the cunning fox with her young one, the goat asks, "Son, where are you going with this one? You should not trust him."

Exam Tip: Describe the mother goat's reaction and her warning fully after seeing her son with the fox.

Question 1. (12) स्वमातरं दृष्ट्वा शिशुः किं करोति?
Answer: स्वमातरं दृष्ट्वा शिशुः तस्याः समीपं धावति।
In simple words: Seeing its mother, the young one runs towards her.

Exam Tip: Focus on the immediate action of the character in response to the given situation.

Question 1. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence in English :
Question 1. Who lived in a forest ?
Answer: A goat lived in a forest.
In simple words: A goat made its home in the forest.

Exam Tip: For simple "Who" questions, clearly state the character that performs the action.

Question 2. Whom does a young one follow ?
Answer: A young one follows its mother.
In simple words: The baby animal walks behind its mother.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the relationship between the two entities in your answer.

Question 3. Who sees the young one in the way?
Answer: The fox sees the young one in the way.
In simple words: The fox spots the baby animal on its path.

Exam Tip: Identify the character who observes the other character in the narrative.

Question 4. Knowing the problem, what does the fox say to young one with great compassion ?
Answer: Knowing the problem, the fox says to the young one with great compassion, “Don't worry. I will take you to your mother. Come with me. She is known to me.”
In simple words: The fox sees the baby is upset and kindly says, "Don't worry, I'll bring you to your mom; she knows me, so come with me."

Exam Tip: When quoting direct speech, make sure to include all parts of the dialogue spoken by the character.

Question 5. What does the young one say to fox ?
Answer: The young one says to the fox, “I don't know you. My mother says – Don't go anywhere with a stranger.”
In simple words: The baby tells the fox, "I don't know you, and my mother told me never to go with people I don't know."

Exam Tip: The young one's response highlights the importance of not trusting strangers, a key moral of the story.

Question 6. When does a goat come?
Answer: A goat comes when her young one goes with the fox.
In simple words: The mother goat appears when her baby starts walking with the fox.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific event that triggers the arrival of the mother goat in the story.

Question 7. Why does a goat become angry?
Answer: On hearing the incident from the young one's mouth, the goat becomes angry.
In simple words: When the baby tells the story, the mother goat gets upset.

Exam Tip: The mother's anger stems from the danger her child was in, highlighting a protective instinct.

Question 8. What do we learn from the lesson ‘विश्वासः नैव कर्तव्य:।'?
Answer: We learn from the lesson ‘विश्वासः नैव कर्तव्यः।' that we should never trust a stranger, never make a friendship with him or her, and never go anywhere with the stranger.
In simple words: From this lesson, we learn that it is important never to trust, befriend, or go anywhere with people you don't know.

Exam Tip: For moral-based questions, summarize the central message or lesson taught by the narrative.

Question 3. Choose the correct option for the answer of each of the given questions :
Question 1. वने .............................. अजा अस्ति।
(a) एक:
(b) एका
(c) एकम्
(d) ऐकेन
Answer: (b) एका
In simple words: 'एका' is the correct option because 'अजा' (goat) is a feminine noun, and 'एका' is the feminine form for 'one'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the gender of the noun when choosing the correct form of adjectives or pronouns in Sanskrit.

Question 2. समस्यां .............................. शृगालः अति करुणतया वदति।
(a) ज्ञात्वा
(b) खादित्वा
(c) गत्वा
(d) नीत्वा
Answer: (a) ज्ञात्वा
In simple words: 'ज्ञात्वा' means 'having known', which fits the context of the fox speaking compassionately after learning about the problem.

Exam Tip: Select the word that accurately describes the action or state that precedes the main verb in the sentence.

Question 3. वने का अस्ति?
(a) शृगालः
(b) अजाशिशुः
(c) अजा
(d) शशक:
Answer: (c) अजा
In simple words: 'अजा' (goat) is present in the forest.

Exam Tip: Identify the main character that resides in the given location from the story.

Question 4. स्वस्य मातुः अनुसरणं कः करोति?
(a) अजा
(b) अजाशिशुः
(c) शृगालः
(d) शृगालशिशुः
Answer: (b) अजाशिशुः
In simple words: The goat's young one follows its mother.

Exam Tip: Recall the actions of the main characters to correctly identify who performs the given action.

Question 5. कः मार्ग विस्मरति?
(a) अजा
(b) शृगालः
(c) सिंह:
(d) अजापुत्रः
Answer: (d) अजापुत्रः
In simple words: The goat's child forgets the way.

Exam Tip: Remember which character gets lost or loses their way in the story.

Question 6. कः सुकोमलं मांसं खादितुम् इच्छति?
(a) अजापुत्रः
(b) शिशुः
(c) सिंहः
(d) शृगालः
Answer: (d) शृगालः
In simple words: The fox wants to eat the tender meat.

Exam Tip: Identify the antagonist's motive or desire in the story to answer correctly.

Question 7. 'अहं भवन्तं न जानामि।' इदं वाक्यं कः वदति?
(a) अजा
(b) शृगालः
(c) अजाशिशुः
(d) वञ्चकः
Answer: (c) अजाशिशुः
In simple words: The young goat says, "I do not know you."

Exam Tip: For direct speech, correctly attribute the statement to the character who speaks it.

Question 8. 'अहं मातुः समीपं नेष्यामि।' इदं वाक्यं कः वदति?
(a) अजा
(b) अजापुत्रः
(c) शृगालः
(d) सिंहः
Answer: (c) शृगालः
In simple words: The fox says, "I will take you near your mother."

Exam Tip: Understand the deceptive nature of the fox and its statements in the story.

Question 9. Whom does the goat give advice at the time of going out?
(a) Young one
Answer: (a) Young one
In simple words: The goat advises its baby when it leaves.

Exam Tip: Identify the recipient of the advice given by the mother goat.

Question 10. Find out the Sanskrit sentence of “Don't worry”.
(a) नमो नमः।
(b) कृपया।
(c) चिन्ता मास्तु ।
(d) क्षम्यताम्।
Answer: (c) चिन्ता मास्तु।
In simple words: 'चिन्ता मास्तु' is the Sanskrit phrase that means "Don't worry."

Exam Tip: Learn common Sanskrit phrases and their English equivalents for quick recall.

Question 11. According to the fox, where is the goat search ing its young one ?
(a) In home
(b) In city
(c) Under the banyan tree
(d) Under the peepal tree
Answer: (d) Under the peepal tree
In simple words: The fox claims the mother goat is looking for her child under the peepal tree.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the specific details mentioned in the fox's deceptive statements.

Question 12. शिशुः .............................. समीपं धावति।।
(a) पितुः
(b) भ्रातुः
(c) मातुः
(d) कर्तुः
Answer: (c) मातुः
In simple words: The young one runs towards its mother.

Exam Tip: Understand the relationship between the young one and the mother in the context of the story.

Question 13. Who is cunning/a trickster?
(a) भवत्
(b) वञ्चक:
(c) अजः
(d) पिप्पलवृक्षः
Answer: (b) वञ्चक:
In simple words: 'वञ्चकः' means a cunning person or trickster.

Exam Tip: Recall the character traits of the fox, which is known for its cunningness in fables.

Question 4. write English meaning of following words :
(1) स्वस्य
(2) शीघ्रम्
(3) तिष्ठतु
(4) विस्मरति
(5) करुणतया
(6) नेष्यामि
(7) वञ्चकः
(8) पिप्पलवृक्षः
(9) अन्विष्यति
(10) शृगालः
Answer:
1. स्वस्य – own.
2. शीघ्रम् – soon, quickly.
3. तिष्ठतु – stay.
4. विस्मरति – forgets.
5. करुणतया – with compassion.
6. नेष्यामि – (I) will take.
7. वञ्चकः – cunning, cheater.
8. पिप्पलवृक्षः – peepal tree.
9. अन्विष्यति – is searching.
10. शृगालः – fox.
In simple words: This list provides the English translations for several Sanskrit words from the lesson.

Exam Tip: Creating flashcards or a personal glossary can greatly help in memorizing new vocabulary.

Question 5. Fill in the blanks by selecting proper words from the brackets :
(१) वने एका .............................. अस्ति। (पूजा, अजा)
(२) समस्यां .............................. ज्ञात्वा अति करुणतया सः (शृगालः) वदति। (समस्यां / समस्याम्, घटनाम्)
(३) अपरिचितेन सह कुत्रापि न गमनीयम्। (परिचितेन, अपरिचितेन)
(४) स्वपुत्रेण सह .............................. शृगालं दृष्ट्वा अजा वदति। (वञ्चकं / वञ्चकम्, चतुरम्)
(५) अजाशिशुः मार्ग विस्मृत्वा .............................. । (गच्छति, रोदिति)
(६) अजा स्वपुत्रेण सह शृगालं .............................. वदति। (मिलित्वा, दृष्ट्ा)
(७) “पुत्र, .............................. सह कुत्र गच्छति? (अनया, एतेन)
(८) अपरिचितेन सह .............................. न कर्तव्या। (मैत्री, गोष्ठी)
Answer:
(१) अजा
(२) समस्याम्
(३) अपरिचितेन
(४) वञ्चकम्
(५) रोदिति
(६) दृष्ट्वा
(७) एतेन
(८) मैत्री
In simple words: This exercise requires choosing the correct word from the given options to complete each sentence logically and grammatically.

Exam Tip: Read the entire sentence and consider the context to select the most suitable word that fits both meaning and grammar.

Question 6. Put a ✓ against the true statement and a X against the false statement :
1. अजा स्वस्य पुत्रीं वदति।
2. शिशुः अजायाः अनुसरणं करोति।
3. शृगालः अजायाः सुकोमलं मांसं खादितुम् इच्छति।
4. शृगालः वदति, “भवान् कः? किमर्थं रोदिति ?
5. शृगालः समस्यां ज्ञात्वा अति करुणतया वदति।
6. अजा शृगालस्य परिचिता अस्ति।
7. "Dear, where are you going with this one?"
8. “Dear, never trust a stranger.”
9. The fox attacks on the goat.
Answer:
1. अजा स्वस्य पुत्रीं वदति। [ X ]
2. शिशुः अजायाः अनुसरणं करोति। [ ✓ ]
3. शृगालः अजायाः सुकोमलं मांसं खादितुम् इच्छति। [ X ]
4. शृगालः वदति, “भवान् कः? किमर्थं रोदिति ? [ ✓ ]
5. शृगालः समस्यां ज्ञात्वा अति करुणतया वदति। [ ✓ ]
6. अजा शृगालस्य परिचिता अस्ति। [ X ]
7. "Dear, where are you going with this one?" [ ✓ ]
8. “Dear, never trust a stranger.” [ ✓ ]
9. The fox attacks on the goat. [ X ]
In simple words: Each statement needs to be marked as true or false based on the events and facts presented in the lesson.

Exam Tip: Carefully read each statement and refer back to the story's details to determine its accuracy.

Question 7. Join the sentences of Section 'A' with the characters of Section 'B' given below :

Exam Tip: To accurately match direct quotes, review the dialogue from the story and identify who says what to whom.

8. Write the following sentences neatly in your notebook:

1. एकं वनम् अस्ति।
2. अतः सः रोदिति।
3. शृगालः शिशुं पश्यति।
4. अहं भवन्तं न जानामि।
5. पश्यतु तत्र एकः पिप्पलवृक्षः अस्ति।
6. अजा शृगालं प्रहरति।
7. अजा शिशुं वदति।

Question 9. Translate the following sentences in Sanskrit:
(१) I go out.
(२) The young one forgets the way.
(3) The fox sees the young one.
(४) The fox says.
(५) Don't worry.
(६) The young one of goat says.
(७) The young one of goat goes with the fox.
(८) The fox runs away.
(९) Never trust.
Answer:
(१) \(अहं बहिः गच्छामि\)।
(२) \(शिशुः मार्ग विस्मरति\)।
(३) \(शृगालः शिशुं पश्यति\)।
(४) \(शृगालः वदति\)।
(५) \(चिन्ता मास्तु\)।
(६) \(अजाशिशुः / अजापुत्रः वदति\)।
(७) \(अजाशिशुः शृगालेन सह गच्छति\)।
(८) \(शृगालः पलायते\)।
(९) \(विश्वासो / विश्वासः नैव कर्तव्यः\)।
In simple words: To translate effectively, it's important to change the words from one language to another while keeping the exact meaning. This helps you get full marks.

Exam Tip: For translation questions, ensure accuracy in meaning and correct grammatical forms in the target language to score full marks.

Question 10. Arrange the following sentences in proper order:
(१) “पुत्र, अपरिचितस्य उपरि कदापि विश्वासः नैव कर्तव्यः।”
(२) अजाशिशुः शृगालेन सह गच्छति।
(३) पुत्र, अहं बहिः गच्छामि।
(४) शृगालः शिशुं पश्यति।
(५) “चिन्ता मास्तु, अहं मातुः समीपं नेष्यामि।”
(६) शिशुमुखात् घटनां श्रुत्वा अजा क्रुध्यति।
Answer:
(१) \(पुत्र, अहं बहिः गच्छामि\)।
(२) \(शृगालः शिशुं पश्यति\)।
(३) “\(चिन्ता मास्तु\), \(अहं मातुः समीपं नेष्यामि\)।”
(४) \(अजाशिशुः शृगालेन सह गच्छति\)।
(५) \(शिशुमुखात् घटनां श्रुत्वा अजा क्रुध्यति\)।
(६) “\(पुत्र\), \(अपरिचितस्य उपरि कदापि विश्वासः नैव कर्तव्यः\)।”
In simple words: Arrange the sentences in the sequence they actually happen in the story. Start from the beginning and follow each event as it occurs.

Exam Tip: Always read the full story first to understand the plot, then order the sentences chronologically to reflect the events precisely.

स्मृतिस्थं कुरुत – Remember

स्मृतिस्थं कुरुत – या६ राजो

Some forms of present tense and imperative mood: Forms of present tense

કેટલાંક ક્રિયાપદોનાં વર્તમાનકાળનાં અને આજ્ઞાર્થનાં રૂપોઃ

वर्तमानकाळનાં રૂપો –

• \(वद्\) – \(वदति\) (he/she speaks)
• \(वदन्ति\) (they speak)
• \(स्था – तिष्\) – \(तिष्ठति\) (he / she stands)
• \(तिष्ठन्ति\) (they stand)
• \(चल्\), – \(चलति\) – (he walks)
• \(चलन्ति\) (they walk)
• \(आ + गच्छ\) – \(आगच्छति\) (he/she comes)
• \(आगच्छन्ति\) (they come)
• \(रुद्\) – \(रोदिति\) (he/she cries)
• \(रुदन्ति\) (they cry)
• \(कृ\) – \(करोति\) (he/she does)
• \(कुर्वन्ति\) (they do)

वद् - वदति (ते भोले छे), वदन्ति (तेो जोधे छे); गम्-गच्छ - गच्छति (ते भय छे), गच्छन्ति (तेसो भय छे); स्था-तिष्ठ - तिष्ठति (ते लो छे! ઊભી રહે છે), तिष्ठन्ति (तेओ ઊભા રહે छे), चल् – चलति (ते याधे छे), चलन्ति (तेो या छे); आ + गच्छ - आगच्छति (ते आवे छे), आगच्छन्ति (तेस्रो आवे छे); रुद्- रोदिति (ते २३ छे), रुदन्ति (तेो २डे छे); कृ - करोति (ते ५२ छे), कुर्वन्ति (तेो ऽरे छे).

Forms of imperative mood –

આજ્ઞાર્થનાં રૂપો –

• \(वद्\) – \(वद\) [speak (you)],
• \(वदतु\) [let him / her speak];
• \(गम्\) – \(गच्छ\) – \(गच्छ\) [go (you)],
• \(गच्छतु\) [let him / her go];
• \(आगच्छ\) – \(आगच्छ\) [come (you)],
• \(आगच्छतु\) [let him / her come];
• \(तिष्\) – \(तिष्ठ\) [(you) stand],
• \(तिष्ठतु\) [let him/her stand];
• \(चल्\) – \(चल\) [(you) walk],
• \(चलतु\) [let him / her walk];
• \(पठ्\) – \(पठ\) [(you) read],
• \(पठतु\) [(let him / her read];
• \(लिख\) – \(लिख\) [(you) write],
• \(लिखतु\) [let him/her write];
• \(रुद्\) – \(रुदिहि\) [(you) cry],
• \(रोदितु\) [let him/her cry];
• \(कृ\) – \(कुरु\) [(you) do],
• \(करोतु\) [(let him/her do]

Some peculiar persons:

કેટલીક વિશિષ્ટ વ્યક્તિઓ –

• (१) \(अधिकारी\) – officer / અધિરી, સિર
• (२) \(क्रेता\) – buyer / ખરીદનાર
• (३) \(विक्रेता\) – dealer, trader / વેચાણ કરનાર
• (४) \(विक्रयिकः\) – seller / વિતા, વેયનાર
• (५) \(उदृङ्कः\) – typist / પિસ્ટ
• (६) \(अभियन्ता\) – engineer / ૬૪ને૨
• (७) \(प्राध्यापकः\) – professor / પ્રાધ્યાપક, પ્રૉફેસર
• (८) \(प्राध्यापिका\) – female professor / પ્રાધ્યાપિકા
• (९) \(लिपिकरः\) – writer / જહિયો
• (१०) \(अधिवक्ता\) – lawyer / વકીલ (પું.)
• (११) \(अधिवक्त्री\) – female lawyer / વકીલ (સ્ત્રી.)
• (१२) \(व्याख्याता\) – lecturer / વ્યાખ્યાતા, લેક્ચરર (પું.)
• (१३) \(व्याख्यात्री\) – female lecturer / વ્યાખ્યાત્રી, લેક્ચરર (સ્ત્રી.)

Additional Study

વિશેષ અભ્યાસ

1. \(भवान्\) – You (Mr) (masculine) \(भवती\) – You (Mrs) (feminine)

જવા – આપ (મહાશય) (પુંલ્લિંગ) આવતી – આપ (શ્રીમતી મહાશયા) (સ્ત્રીલિંગ

\(भवान्\) – (masculine) and \(भवती\) – (feminine). Both the pronouns are used with the verb of third person singular; e.g., \(भवान् / भवती पठति, लिखति, खादति, पिबति\), etc. When instead of \(भवान्\) or \(भवती\) when the pronoun \(त्वम्\) is used with the second person singular verbis used; as \(त्वम् पठसि, लिखसि, खादसि, पिबसि\), etc.

\(ભવાન્\)–(પું.) અને \(भवती\) – (સ્ત્રી.) આ બંને આદરાર્થી સર્વનામો સાથે ક્રિયાપદ ત્રીજા પુરુષ એકવચનનું આવે છે; જેમ કે, \(भवान् / भवती पठति, लिखति, खादति, पिबति\) वगेरे. \(भवान्\) કે \(भवती\)ને બદલે જ્યારે \(त्वम्\) સર્વનામનો પ્રયોગ કરવામાં આવે ત્યારે ક્રિયાપદ બીજા પુરુષ એકવચનનું આવે છે; જેમ કે, \(त्वम् पठसि, लिखसि, खादसि, पिबसि\) वगेरे.

2. संबंधक भूतकृदंतः (Gerunds) हेत्वर्थ कृदंतः (Infinitives) of some verbs:

કેટલાંક ક્રિયાપદોનાં સંબંધક ભૂતકૃદંતો અને હેત્વર્થ કૃદંતોઃ

Relative Past

A gerund shows the act happened in the past and keeps relation with the act which is happening/happened /will happen;

e.g., \(दृश्- दृष्ट्रा\) means having seen.

Infinitive of purpose shows purpose or reason.

\(दृश् – द्रष्टुम्\) means to see.

\(गम् – गन्तुम्\) means to go.

સિંબંધક ભૂતકૃદંત ભૂતકાળમાં થઈ ગયેલી ક્રિયા દર્શાવે છે અને થતી ! થયેલી થનાર ક્રિયા સાથે સંબંધ રાખે છે. આ કુદતનું ગુજરાતી ભાષાંતર ‘ઈ’ કે “ઈને’ વાળા ગુજરાતી કૃદંતથી કરાય છે; જેમ કે, દૃઃ- દૃઃ એટલે જોઈ કે જોઈને.

હેત્વર્થ કૃદંત હેતુ કે કારણ દર્શાવે છે. આ કુદતનું ગુજરાતી ભાષાંતર ‘વા કે ‘વાને' વાળા ગુજરાતી કુદતથી કરાય છે; જેમ કે, દૃશ્ – દ્રષ્ટુએ ટલે જોવા કે જોવાને ઃ – એ ટલે જવા કે જવાને.

Note: In place of infinitives of purpose, you may use for + ing-form of the verb.

There are many animal tales preaching morality in Sanskrit literature. The story 'A Goat and its Young one' is given here from them. The story preaches us not to trust unknown persons (strangers).

Glossary:

• \(एकं वनम्\) – one forest. \(अस्ति\) – is / am / are.
• \(वने\) – in the forest.
• \(एका अजा\) – one female goat.
• \(स्वस्य\) – own.
• \(पुत्र\) – son.
• \(बहिः\) – outside.
• \(गच्छामि\) – (I) go.
• \(शीघ्रम्\) – soon, quickly.
• \(आगच्छामि\) – (I) come.
• \(अत्र एव\) – here only.
• \(तिष्ठ\) – stay.
• (With 'त्वम्' the verb of second person singular 'तिष्ठ' is properly used. With 'भवान्' the verb of third person singular 'तिष्ठतु' is properly used.)

Translation: There is a forest. There is a goat in the forest. She tells her young one, “Dear, I go out. I will come soon. You stay here.”

Glossary:

• \(शिशुः अपि\) – the young one also.
• \(अनुसरण (अनुसरणम्) करोति\) – follows, goes behind.
• \(मार्ग (मार्गम्))\) – way.
• \(विस्मरति\) – forgets.
• \(अतः\) – so, therefore.
• \(रोदिति\) – cries.
• \(शृगालः\) – fox.
• \(पश्यति\) – sees.
• \(सुकोमलं मांसम्\) – soft meat.
• \(खादितुम्\) – to eat.
• \(इच्छति\) – wants.

Translation: The goat goes to the forest. The young one also follows her. The young one forgets the way. So it cries. A fox sees the young one. He wants to eat its soft meat.

Glossary:

• \(भवान्\) – you.
• \(कः\) – who.
• \(किमर्थ (किमर्थम्))\) – why.
• \(रोदिति\) – are crying.
• \(समस्यां ज्ञात्वा\) – knowing the problem.
• \(अतिकरुणतया\) – with great compassion.
• \(मा + अस्तु = मास्तु\) – don't be.
• \(मातुः\) – to (your) mother.
• \(समीपं (समीपम्))\) – near.
• \(नेष्यामि\) – will take.
• \(मया सह\) – with me.
• \(चलतु\) – come.
• \(परिचिता\) – knowing, known.
• \(सा\) – she. (तद् pronoun, feminine)

Translation: The fox says, “Who are you? Why are you crying?” Knowing the problem, he says with great compassion, “Don't worry. I will take (you) to (your) mother. Come with me. She is known to me.”

Glossary:

• \(अजाशिशुः\) – the young one of the goat, kid.
• \(भवन्तं (भवन्तम्))\) – to you.
• \(न जानामि\) – don't know.
• \(यत्\) – that.
• \(अपरिचितेन सह\) – with a stranger.
• \(कुत्र + अपि = कुत्रापि\) – anywhere.
• \(न गमनीयम्\) – should not go.
• \(इति\) (\(इति\) is written at the end of any talk after ". So no need to translate it.)
• \(वञ्चकः\) – cunning / cheater.
• \(मम विषये\) – about me.
• \(मा चिन्तयतु\) – don't fear, don't think.
• \(पश्यतु\) – see.
• \(पिप्पलवृक्षः\) – Peepal tree.
• \(भवतः\) – your.
• \(अन्विष्यति\) – is searching.

Translation: The young one of the goat says, “I don't know you. My mother says, "Don't go anywhere with a stranger. The cunning fox says, "Don't worry on my count. See, there is a Peepal tree. Your mother is searching (you) there.”

Glossary:

• \(शृगालेन सह\) – with the fox.
• \(तस्मिन् क्षणे\) – at that time.
• \(आगच्छति\) – comes.
• \(स्वपुत्रेण सह\) – with her own young one.
• \(वञ्चकं शृगालम्\) – to the cunning fox.
• \(दृष्ट्वा\) – seeing.
• \(एतेन सह\) – with this (fellow).
• \(कुत्र\) – where.
• \(अस्य\) – of this.
• not trust.

Translation: The young one of the goat goes with the fox. At that time, the goat comes. Seeing her own young one with the cunning fox, (she) says, “Dear, where are you going with this one? Don't trust this (fellow).”

Glossary:

• \(मातुः समीपं\) – near mother.
• \(धावति\) – runs.
• \(शिशुमुखात्\) – from the young one's mouth.
• \(घटनां (घटनाम्))\) – event.

विश्वासो नैव कर्तव्यः Summary in Gujarati

સંસ્કૃત સાહિત્યમાં નીતિનો ઉપદેશ આપતી અનેક પ્રાણીકથાઓ છે. તેમાંથી બકરી અને તેના બચ્ચાની વાર્તા અહીં રજૂ કરવામાં આવી છે. આ વાર્તા અજાણ્યા માણસોનો વિશ્વાસ ન કરવાની શીખ આપે છે.

શબ્દાર્થઃ

• \(एकं वनम्\) – એક જંગલ.
• \(अस्ति\) – હોય છે.
• \(वने\) – જંગલમાં.
• \(एका अजा\) – એક બકરી.
• \(स्वस्य\) – પોતાનો.
• \(पुत्र\) – બેટા.
• \(बहिः\) – બહાર.
• \(गच्छामि\) – જાઉં છું.
• \(शीघ्रम्\) – જલદી.
• \(आगच्छामि\) – આવું છું.
• \(अत्र एव\) – અહીં જ.
• \(तिष्ठ\) – રહેજે ('त्वम्' સાથે 'तिष्ठ' રૂપ જ આવે. 'भवान्' સાથે 'तिष्ठतु' આવે.).

અનુવાદઃ એક જંગલ હોય છે. જંગલમાં એક બકરી રહે છે. તે પોતાના પુત્રને (બચ્ચાને) કહે છે, “બેટા, હું બહાર જાઉં છું. હું જલદી આવું છું. તું અહીં જ રહેજે.”