GSEB Class 6 English Honeysuckle Chapter 4 An Indian – American Woman in Space: Kalpana Chawla Solutions

Working With the Text

A. Answer the following questions:

 

Question 1. Where was Kalpana Chawla born? Why is she called an Indian-American?
Answer: Kalpana Chawla was born in Karnal, Haryana. She, however, became a naturalized U.S. citizen after marrying flight instructor Jean-Pierre Harrison. She is called an Indian-American because she was born in India but later received full American citizenship.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla was born in Karnal, India. She moved to America, got married, and became a citizen there. That's why she's called Indian-American.

Exam Tip: When a question asks for two parts, ensure both are answered clearly and completely to get full marks.

 

Question 2. When and why did she go to the U.S.? Who did she marry?
Answer: Kalpana went to the U.S. after completing her Bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering to pursue her Master's degree. She married flight instructor Jean-Pierre Harrison.
In simple words: Kalpana went to the U.S. after finishing her first degree to study for her Master's. She later married Jean-Pierre Harrison, a flight teacher.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific details like dates, reasons, and names when summarizing events from a text.

 

Question 3. How did she become an astronaut? What gave her the idea that she could be an astronaut?
Answer: Kalpana went to the U.S. to pursue a Master's degree in aeronautical engineering, and then continued for her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering. She got the idea of becoming an astronaut after NASA selected her in 1994 for astronaut training.
In simple words: Kalpana became an astronaut by first earning advanced degrees in engineering. The idea came to her after NASA chose her for astronaut training in 1994.

Exam Tip: Describe the complete process of how a person achieved a goal, including initial steps and key milestones.

 

Question 4. What abilities must an astronaut have according to the journalist?
Answer: According to the journalist, to become an astronaut, one needs encyclopedic knowledge, covering everything from biology to astrophysics and aeronautical engineering.
In simple words: The journalist said astronauts need to know a lot about many subjects, like biology, space, and how planes work.

Exam Tip: When asked to state something "according to" a source, accurately quote or paraphrase the source's exact words or meaning.

 

Question 5. Describe Kalpana Chawla's first mission in space.
Answer: Kalpana's first space mission on the space shuttle Columbia lasted 15 days, 16 hours, and 34 minutes. During this time, she circled the Earth 252 times, traveling 10.45 million kilometers!
In simple words: Kalpana's first trip in space with Columbia lasted about 15 and a half days. She traveled over 10 million kilometers, going around Earth 252 times.

Exam Tip: Include all relevant numerical facts and details when describing an event to provide a complete picture.

 

Question 6. What does Kalpana Chawla say about pursuing a dream? Do you agree with her that success is possible?
Answer: According to Kalpana Chawla, the path from dreams to success truly exists. One only needs to have the vision to discover it and the courage to get onto it. Yes, I agree with her, as she herself provides a proven example of her belief: if one dreams and works towards it, one can certainly be successful.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla said that if you have a dream, you can find a way to make it happen, but you need to see the path and be brave enough to take it. Yes, I agree, because she showed that it's true.

Exam Tip: Support your agreement or disagreement with a clear reason, preferably using evidence from the text.

 

Question. B. Read the newspaper report to find the following facts about the Columbia's ill-fated voyage.
(1) Date and place of lift off
(2) Number of astronauts on board
(3) Number of days it stayed in space
(4) Number of experiments done by the scientists
(5) Date of return journey
(6) Height at. which it lost contact
Answer:
(1) 16th January 2003, from Kennedy Space Center in Florida
(2) Seven
(3) Sixteen
(4) Eighty
(5) 1st February 2003
(6) at an altitude of over 2,00,000 feet
In simple words: This section provides key facts about the Columbia mission. It details when and where it launched, how many people were on board, how long it stayed in space, how many experiments were done, when it was supposed to come back, and where contact was lost.

Exam Tip: Extracting specific data points from a passage requires careful reading and attention to numerical and factual information.

Working With Language

 

Question. A. Match the following:

Answer:
(1) Unprecedented space tragedy - (f) A sad accident of a kind that has never happened before in space
(2) Certified flight instructor - (e) A person with the correct qualification to teach people to fly planes
(3) Space mission - (d) A set of jobs to be done in space by a group
(4) Super-specialisation - (g) Great expertise in a limited field or a particular subject
(5) Encyclopaedic knowledge - (b) Having knowledge of a wide variety of subjects
(6) Awe-inspiring - (a) Something that causes feelings of respect and wonder
(7) In this age - (c) Nowadays, in these times

Exam Tip: For matching questions, carefully read both columns and choose the most fitting pair. Double-check all matches.

 

Question. B. Use these phrases in sentences of your own, after finding out their meanings:
Question 1. broke apart - got separated into several pieces
Answer: The mirror fell down and broke apart.
In simple words: The mirror hit the ground and shattered into pieces.

Exam Tip: When using a phrase in a sentence, ensure your sentence clearly demonstrates an understanding of the phrase's meaning.

 

Question 2. streaked over - went over a place or to a destination with a very high speed.
Answer: A meteorite streaked over the sky.
In simple words: A meteorite moved across the sky very quickly.

Exam Tip: Select a simple and direct context to showcase the meaning of the given phrase.

 

Question 3. spread across - distributed across a given area
Answer: Today, terrorism has spread across the globe.
In simple words: Terrorism has become common in many places around the world.

Exam Tip: Ensure the sentence you create accurately reflects the spatial or conceptual distribution implied by "spread across."

 

Question 4. lifted off - raised off the ground
Answer: The child lifted off his toy plane to show how it flies.
In simple words: The child raised his toy plane to show how it would fly.

Exam Tip: Use the phrase naturally in a sentence, making sure the action it describes is clear.

 

Question 5. blast off - take off
Answer: The rocket blasted off into the sky with a loud noise.
In simple words: The rocket launched into the air with a big sound.

Exam Tip: "Blast off" is often used for rockets or spacecraft; use it in an appropriate context.

 

Question 6. went on - to continue
Answer: My friend went on talking at the party for more than an hour.
In simple words: My friend kept talking at the party for over an hour.

Exam Tip: "Went on" can mean continued an action or moved forward; choose a sentence that clearly shows one of these meanings.

 

Question 7. cheered along - encourage
Answer: At the football match, the cheerleaders were cheering along the team they supported.
In simple words: The cheerleaders encouraged the team they were rooting for at the game.

Exam Tip: This phrase implies active encouragement; use it in a scenario where support is visibly given.

 

Question 8. on board - present
Answer: There were 250 passengers and crew on board the flight that went missing yesterday.
In simple words: Two hundred fifty people were on the flight that vanished yesterday.

Exam Tip: "On board" typically refers to being inside a vehicle like a ship, plane, or train.

 

Question 9. carry on - continue
Answer: You must carry on with doing good work irrespective of the criticism around you.
In simple words: You should keep doing good work, no matter what others say.

Exam Tip: "Carry on" emphasizes persistence despite challenges; use it in contexts requiring perseverance.

 

Question. C. We add 'un-' to make opposites: Make opposites for the following words and state their meanings.
(1) identified
(2) controlled
(3) attended
(4) successful
(5) important
(6) educated
(7) interesting
(8) qualified
(9) trained
(10) answerable
Answer:
(1) Unidentified – something that is not known
(2) Uncontrolled – something that cannot be controlled or managed
(3) Unattended – something which is not being looked after
(4) Unsuccessful – failed
(5) Unimportant – of little or no use
(6) Uneducated – illiterate
(7) Uninteresting – dull / boring
(8) Unqualified – not having the qualification
(9) Untrained – with no experience or training
(10) Unanswerable – a question that has no possible answer
In simple words: Adding 'un-' before these words creates their opposites, changing their meaning to "not" or "the lack of" the original quality.

Exam Tip: Understanding common prefixes like 'un-' can help you determine the meanings of many words without needing a dictionary.

Speaking

In her message to students of her college, Kalpana Chawla said, “May you have the vision to find the path from dreams to success... Wishing you a great journey." Form pairs. Use "May you..." and "I wish you/Wishing you” to wish your partner good luck and success in a quiz or competition, and in a test or an examination. Be sure to thank your partner when he/she wishes you in turn; You may also, look up a telephone directory, or go to a post office and get a list in English and Hindi of the standard phrases that can be sent in greeting telegrams anywhere in India. Discuss which of these you might use and when. Compare the English and Hindi phrases for expressing good wishes. Do you know such phrases in any other language? You: Wish you all the best for the forthcoming sports event! Your partner: Thank you for your wishes. You: Wish you all the good luck for the competition. Your partner: Thanks a lot. You: May you pass with flying colours in your examination! Your partner: Thank You. Other phrases: May this day be filled with happiness for you! May the coming year bring you health and happiness! Best wishes for a safe and pleasant flight! Wish you a very prosperous and a joyful new year! Heartiest congratulations on the purchase of your new house!

Writing

 

Question (A). Do you have a 'dream' or something you very much wish to do? Write a paragraph saying what you want or wish to do. Then say (in another paragraph) how you think you can make your dream come true.
Answer: I firmly believe that each of us should be guided by a dream or a life ambition. I aspire to become a doctor when I grow up. I am deeply influenced by this noble profession. With the increasing spread of life-threatening and infectious diseases, I wish to serve my fellow countrymen by discovering cures for these illnesses. My interest and fascination with science only strengthens my belief in my dream. I intend to participate in various science quizzes and competitions to gain more knowledge in the subject. I would also start preparing for the medical entrance tests once I complete my class ten. I intend to pursue my medical course from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi.
In simple words: Everyone needs a dream. I want to be a doctor to help people with diseases. My love for science makes me believe this dream is possible. I will study hard, join science competitions, and prepare for medical entrance exams after class ten to get into a good medical school in Delhi.

Exam Tip: When writing about your dreams, describe both the dream itself and the practical steps you plan to take to achieve it.

 

Question (B). Given below are some words that are spelt differently in British and in American English. Fill in the blanks accordingly:

Answer: The blanks are filled as shown in the tables above, comparing British and American English spellings.
In simple words: The tables show how some words are spelled differently in British English compared to American English.

Exam Tip: Be aware of regional spelling variations, especially when writing for a specific audience or publication.

GSEB Class 6 English An Indian - American Woman in Space : Kalpana Chawla Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

 

Question 1. What is the meaning of 'unprecedented tragedy'?
Answer: An unprecedented tragedy means an unparalleled or exceptional calamity.
In simple words: An "unprecedented tragedy" means a disaster that has never happened before or is extremely unusual.

Exam Tip: Define complex terms clearly and concisely, using simpler synonyms where possible.

 

Question 2. Who was the first woman born in India to go into space?
Answer: Kalpana Chawla was the first woman born in India to go into space.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla was the very first woman from India to travel into space.

Exam Tip: For factual recall questions, provide direct and accurate information.

 

Question 3. The space shuttle Columbia was considered to be good for how many flights?
Answer: The space shuttle Columbia was considered good for 100 flights.
In simple words: The Columbia space shuttle was expected to be able to fly 100 missions.

Exam Tip: Remember specific numerical facts as they often appear in questions about historical events.

 

Question 4. When the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated, it had completed how many flights into space?
Answer: When the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated, it had completed 28 space flights.
In simple words: The Space Shuttle Columbia had finished 28 missions before it broke apart.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between intended lifespan and actual completed missions when answering questions like this.

 

Question 5. Who is a certified flight instructor?
Answer: A certified flight instructor is a person who is qualified and authorized to give flying lessons to others.
In simple words: A certified flight instructor is a person officially allowed to teach people how to fly planes.

Exam Tip: Clearly define roles or titles as they appear in the text, focusing on their primary function.

 

Question 6. Why was there shock and disbelief in people when the news of the Columbia tragedy broke?
Answer: There was shock and disbelief among people when the news of the Columbia tragedy broke because it was difficult to believe that Kalpana Chawla and the other crew members were no more.
In simple words: People were shocked and couldn't believe it when the news of the Columbia disaster came out, because it was hard to accept that Kalpana Chawla and the crew had died.

Exam Tip: Explain the emotional impact of an event by linking it directly to the cause and people involved.

 

Question 7. From where did Kalpana send a message to the students of her college in Chandigarh?
Answer: Kalpana sent a message to the students of her college in Chandigarh from aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia.
In simple words: Kalpana sent a message to her college students in Chandigarh while she was on the Space Shuttle Columbia.

Exam Tip: Note the specific location or context from which an action takes place.

 

Question 8. Which school did Kalpana graduate from?
Answer: Kalpana graduated from the Tagore School.
In simple words: Kalpana finished her studies at Tagore School.

Exam Tip: Provide precise names for institutions or places mentioned in the text.

 

Question 9. Where was Kalpana Chawla born?
Answer: Kalpana Chawla was born in Karnal, a town in Haryana state of India.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla was born in Karnal, a town located in the Indian state of Haryana.

Exam Tip: Always include the specific town and larger geographical area (state/country) for birthplaces.

 

Question 10. Why is Kalpana called an Indian-American?
Answer: Kalpana graduated from India and then traveled to America for her Master's degree. She held dual citizenship, which is why she is called an Indian-American.
In simple words: Kalpana is called Indian-American because she studied in India, then went to America for higher education and became a citizen of both countries.

Exam Tip: When explaining titles or labels, clarify the key facts that lead to that designation.

 

Question 11. Who did Kalpana marry?
Answer: Kalpana married flight instructor Jean-Pierre Harrison.
In simple words: Kalpana's husband was Jean-Pierre Harrison, a flight teacher.

Exam Tip: Ensure that names are spelled correctly as given in the source material.

 

Question 12. How many kilometres did Kalpana travel in Columbia?
Answer: Kalpana traveled 10.45 million kilometers in Columbia.
In simple words: Kalpana journeyed 10.45 million kilometers while on the Columbia mission.

Exam Tip: Provide exact numerical figures when they are available and relevant to the question.

 

Question 13. How much did the experiments performed in Columbia cost?
Answer: The experiments performed in Columbia cost about 56 million dollars.
In simple words: The experiments done during the Columbia mission cost around 56 million dollars.

Exam Tip: State monetary values clearly, including the currency unit.

 

Question 14. What was Kalpana's great achievement?
Answer: Kalpana Chawla's great achievement was being the first Indian-American woman astronaut to launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida, and successfully take part in a space mission.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla's big achievement was being the first Indian-American woman astronaut to fly into space from Florida and complete a successful mission.

Exam Tip: Highlight the unique and most significant accomplishments when asked to describe 'great achievement'.

Answer the following questions in two to three sentences:

 

Question 1. Write in detail about Kalpana Chawla's education-background.
Answer: Kalpana graduated from Tagore School in Karnal. She then pursued her Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering. After completing her Bachelor's degree, she traveled to the United States for her Master's degree, and later earned her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering.
In simple words: Kalpana finished school in Karnal, then got her first engineering degree in aeronautics. After that, she went to the U.S. to earn her Master's and later her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering.

Exam Tip: When detailing educational background, list degrees chronologically and specify the fields of study and locations.

 

Question 2. How did Kalpana become an astronaut? What gave her the idea that she could be an astronaut?
Answer: Right from her childhood, Kalpana harbored a dream of traveling beyond the Earth's boundaries. After graduating from Tagore School, she pursued her Master's degree in the U.S. She later achieved her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering and ultimately became the first Indian-American woman astronaut to launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
In simple words: Kalpana always wanted to go to space since she was a child. After getting her degrees in engineering in the U.S., she became the first Indian-American woman to launch into space from Florida.

Exam Tip: Combine childhood aspirations with educational and career steps to show the full journey to achieving a dream.

 

Question 3. What abilities must an astronaut have, according to the journalist?
Answer: According to the journalist, an astronaut needs to possess extensive knowledge about a wide range of subjects. They should have knowledge spanning from biology to astrophysics and aeronautical engineering. Essentially, an astronaut must have encyclopedic knowledge to be successful.
In simple words: The journalist said an astronaut needs to know many things, from how living things work to space science and aircraft design. They must have a vast amount of knowledge.

Exam Tip: Paraphrase the journalist's description of required skills, highlighting the breadth of knowledge needed.

 

Question 4. Describe Kalpana's first mission in space.
Answer: Kalpana's first space mission in the space shuttle Columbia lasted 15 days, 16 hours, and 34 minutes. During this period, she circled the Earth 252 times, covering 10.45 million kilometers. The crew included Japanese and Ukrainian astronauts, totaling seven members, and they conducted several experiments there.
In simple words: Kalpana's first space trip on Columbia lasted about 15.5 days. She went around Earth 252 times, traveling over 10 million kilometers. The crew had seven people, including Japanese and Ukrainian astronauts, and they did many experiments.

Exam Tip: Include duration, distance, number of orbits, crew composition, and mission activities when describing a space mission.

Answer the following questions in three to four sentences each:

 

Question 1. Explain Kalpana's journey into NASA.
Answer: Kalpana traveled to the United States to earn her Master's degree, and later her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering. She became a certified flight instructor, capable of flying single and multi-engine land airplanes, single-engine seaplanes, and gliders. Subsequently, she took on the challenge of applying to NASA's Space Shuttle program, where she was initially hired as a research scientist. In 1994, NASA selected her for astronaut training.
In simple words: Kalpana went to the U.S. for her Master's and Ph.D. in aerospace engineering. She also became a certified flight teacher for various aircraft. After this, she applied to NASA, first as a research scientist, and then in 1994, she was chosen for astronaut training.

Exam Tip: Detail each significant step in Kalpana's career progression, from education to specialized skills, and finally to her entry into NASA.

 

Question 2. Write a short note on the Columbia Space Shuttle.
Answer: The Columbia Space Shuttle was designed to conduct expeditions into space and intended to last for 100 missions. However, it met a tragic end on its 28th mission. It launched on January 16, 2003, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. As the shuttle flew over Texas heading for its landing strip, it broke apart in flames, resulting in the loss of all seven crew members.
In simple words: The Columbia Space Shuttle was made for space trips and meant to last for 100 flights. Sadly, it broke apart during its 28th flight on January 16, 2003, over Texas, killing all seven crew members.

Exam Tip: When writing a short note, summarize key facts such as purpose, lifespan, specific events, dates, and outcomes.

 

Question 3. How does Kalpana Chawla's story inspire us?
Answer: Kalpana had a dream and pursued it diligently. She earned her engineering degree, completed her Master's and Ph.D. from the United States, and became a certified flight instructor, eventually joining NASA. As the first Indian-born woman astronaut to cross the frontiers of space, her journey on the Columbia, though tragically cut short, continues to inspire many to dream big and reach for the skies, proving that a small-town girl can achieve greatness.
In simple words: Kalpana's story inspires us because she followed her dream from childhood, getting advanced degrees and becoming an astronaut. Even though her life ended sadly, her journey as the first Indian-born woman in space shows that anyone, even from a small town, can achieve big things with effort.

Exam Tip: Focus on the transformative aspects of her journey and how it serves as a role model for others.

Select the most appropriate options as answers and complete the following sentences:

 

Question 1. Kalpana Chawla had never dreamed that...........
(a) she would graduate from Tagore school.
(b) she would make her career as an engineer.
(c) she would go to NASA.
(d) she would cross the frontiers of space.
Answer: (d) she would cross the frontiers of space.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla never imagined as a child that she would travel beyond Earth's atmosphere into space.

Exam Tip: Identify the most ambitious or unexpected achievement mentioned in the context to determine what was "never dreamed."

 

Question 2. Kalpana Chawla pursued her Master's degree in...........
(a) aeronautical engineering.
(b) aerospace engineering.
(c) spacecraft engineering.
(d) mechanical engineering.
Answer: (b) aerospace engineering.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla studied aerospace engineering for her Master's degree.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific academic fields mentioned, as they are crucial details in biographical questions.

 

Question 3. Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian-American woman astronaut to blast off from the launch pad at ..........
(a) Kennedy Space Centre.
(b) Cape Canaveral, Florida.
(c) Marshall Islands.
(d) Wallops Island, Virginia.
Answer: (b) Cape Canaveral, Florida.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla, the first Indian-American woman astronaut, launched her mission from Cape Canaveral in Florida.

Exam Tip: Specific locations like launch pads are important facts; memorize them accurately.

 

Question 4. Kalpana Chawla was..........
(a) an astronaut.
(b) flier of sea-planes.
(c) certified flight instructor.
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla was an astronaut, a pilot who flew seaplanes, and also a certified flight teacher.

Exam Tip: If multiple options are correct and "All of the options" is available, always select it if it fully encompasses all true statements.

 

Question 5. Kalpana was first hired as a / an .......... at NASA.
(a) astronaut
(b) pilot
(c) research scientist
(d) glider
Answer: (c) research scientist
In simple words: NASA first hired Kalpana as a research scientist.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between initial roles and later achievements; her first role was not astronaut.

 

Question 6. In Kalpana's first mission in the space shuttle Columbia, among her co-astronauts, there were ..........
(a) a Japanese and an American
(b) a Ukranian and a Japanese.
(c) a Portuguese and a Japanese.
(d) a Russian and a Japanese.
Answer: (b) a Ukranian and a Japanese.
In simple words: During Kalpana's first space mission on Columbia, her fellow astronauts included one from Ukraine and one from Japan.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the nationalities or backgrounds of team members, especially in historical contexts.

 

Question 7. To become an astronaut one needs to know..........
(a) biology.
(b) astrophysics.
(c) aeronautics.
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: To be an astronaut, you need knowledge in biology, astrophysics, and aeronautics.

Exam Tip: When a question asks about necessary knowledge, recall the breadth of subjects an astronaut must master.

 

Question 8. Kalpana Chawla had later become a naturalised .......... citizen.
(a) U.S.
(b) Indian
(c) Australian
Answer: (a) U.S.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla later became a naturalized citizen of the U.S.

Exam Tip: Understand the term "naturalized citizen" and to which country Kalpana Chawla gained this status.

 

Question 9. Kalpana Chawla was born in Karnal ..........
(a) Punjab
(b) Haryana
(c) Jharkhand
(d) Bihar
Answer: (b) Haryana
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla was born in Karnal, which is located in the Indian state of Haryana.

Exam Tip: For birthplaces, accurately recall both the city and the state/province.

 

Question 10. The Columbia disaster took place on Saturday ..........
(a) 1 February, 2003
(b) 22 February, 2003
(c) 26 November, 2002
(d) 3 October, 2004
Answer: (a) 1 February, 2003
In simple words: The Columbia disaster happened on a Saturday, specifically on February 1, 2003. This was a very sad day.

Exam Tip: For historical events, always remember the exact date and day mentioned to score full marks.

 

Question 11. Where was Kalpana's family when she blasted off from the launch pad at Cape Canaveral, Florida
(a) In their village in India.
(b) At their own house in America.
(c) At the Kennedy Space Center.
(d) At Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Answer: (a) In their village in India.
In simple words: When Kalpana Chawla launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, her family was back home in their village in India.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific details about locations and family background when answering questions about a person's life.

 

Question 12. Kalpana was selected by NASA for training as an astronaut in ..........
(a) 1990
(b) 1992
(c) 1994
(d) 1996
Answer: (c) 1994
In simple words: NASA chose Kalpana Chawla to train as an astronaut in the year 1994. This was a big step in her career.

Exam Tip: Dates are key facts; remember them precisely for questions related to timelines or milestones.

 

Question 13. One of the following astronauts was not there in the crew of Columbia Space Shuttle.
(a) Japanese
(b) Spanish
(c) Ukranian
(d) Both A and C
Answer: (b) Spanish
In simple words: Among the crew members of the Columbia Space Shuttle, there was no astronaut of Spanish nationality. There was a Japanese and a Ukrainian astronaut.

Exam Tip: Remember the specific nationalities of the crew members to avoid confusion with similar-sounding options.

 

Question 14. The crew on the Columbia performed experiments such as ...
(a) pollinating plants.
(b) making stronger metals.
(c) making faster computer chips.
(d) All of these three
Answer: (d) All of these three
In simple words: The Columbia crew did many different experiments, including work on pollinating plants, creating stronger metals, and developing faster computer chips. They covered various fields of science.

Exam Tip: When an option says "All of these," double-check if at least two listed items are correct, as it often is the right answer if broad coverage is implied.

 

Question 15. Thousands of households stayed glued to their television sets that night ...
(a) to watch the landing of Columbia.
(b) in the hope that Kalpana and the crew had somehow survived.
(c) to watch the blasting off of Columbia.
(d) All of these three
Answer: (b) in the hope that Kalpana and the crew had somehow survived.
In simple words: Many families watched their TVs that night because they were hoping that Kalpana and the other crew members from Columbia had somehow made it through the disaster. They wished for a miracle.

Exam Tip: Understand the context and emotional impact described in the text to select the most fitting reason for the public's reaction.

 

Question 16. Besides aeronautical engineering, an astronaut is required to know...
(a) biology.
(b) astrophysics.
(c) astrology
(d) Both A' and 'B'
Answer: (d) Both A' and 'B'
In simple words: To be an astronaut, you need to understand many subjects, not just how planes fly. You must also know biology and astrophysics.

Exam Tip: Astronauts need a wide range of scientific knowledge; consider all relevant scientific fields mentioned in the text.

 

Question 17. The achievement of Kalpana was...
(a) motivational.
(b) surprising.
(c) awe-inspiring.
(d) stunning.
Answer: (c) awe-inspiring.
In simple words: Kalpana's accomplishments were truly amazing and inspired deep respect. Her journey was exceptional and truly remarkable.

Exam Tip: Choose the word that best captures the profound impact and wonder of her achievements as described in the passage.

 

Question 18. This article of Kalpana is adapted from...............
(a) Span (January/February 1998)
(b) her biography.
(c) her autobiography.
(d) an unknown source.
Answer: (a) Span (January/February 1998)
In simple words: This article about Kalpana was taken from a magazine called Span, specifically from its January/February 1998 issue. It is a specific publication.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to source citations or mentions of where information is taken from, as these can be direct factual questions.

 

Complete the Incomplete Sentences:

 

Question 1. Kalpana was born in............
Answer: Kalpana was born in Karnal, Haryana.

Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blank questions about biographical details, provide the exact and complete information.

 

Question 2. Columbia broke apart in flames on.............
Answer: Columbia broke apart in flames over Texas on Saturday, February 1, 2003.

Exam Tip: Specific dates and locations are critical for questions about events like accidents or disasters.

 

Question 3. When Columbia was flying at a height of ............ at the speed of ........... it crashed.
Answer: When Columbia was flying at a height of 200,000 feet at the speed of 20,000 km. per hour, it crashed.

Exam Tip: Be precise with numerical figures and units (like feet and km/hour) when describing scientific or technical events.

 

Question 4. Columbia blasted off from.............
Answer: Columbia blasted off from the launch pad at Cape Canaveral, Florida.

Exam Tip: Identify key locations mentioned for specific events, such as the launch site for a space mission.

 

Question 5. Columbia stayed in orbit for ............
Answer: Columbia stayed in orbit for 15 days, 16 hours and 34 minutes.

Exam Tip: Provide the complete duration, including days, hours, and minutes, if specified in the source text.

 

Question 6. There were ............ members in the crew of Columbia.
Answer: There were seven members in the crew of Columbia.

Exam Tip: Numerical facts like the number of crew members are important to remember accurately.

 

Question 7. The crew in the Columbia conducted ............ experiments in the space.
Answer: The crew in the Columbia conducted two experiments in the space.

Exam Tip: Ensure you recall the exact number of experiments, as this is a specific detail.

 

Question 8. The full form of IST is ............
Answer: The full form of IST is Indian Standard Time.

Exam Tip: Acronyms and their full forms are common general knowledge questions, so know them well.

 

State Whether the Following Sentences Are True or False. Put 'T' for True and 'F' for False:

 

Question 1. Kalpana Chawla had dual citizenship.
Answer: True

Exam Tip: Facts about a person's citizenship or background are often tested; verify them carefully.

 

Question 2. Kalpana graduated in U.S.
Answer: False

Exam Tip: Distinguish between primary education and higher studies locations. Kalpana graduated from Tagore School in Karnal, India, then pursued higher degrees in the U.S.

 

Question 3. Kalpana's father readily sent her for a master's degree in U.S.
Answer: False

Exam Tip: Remember specific details about family support or opposition, as these can be key points in a biographical text.

 

Question 4. Kalpana was first hired as an astronaut by NASA.
Answer: False

Exam Tip: Note the exact role a person was hired for. Kalpana was first hired as a Research Scientist, then later selected for astronaut training.

 

Question 5. Kalpana went around the earth in Columbia 252 times.
Answer: True

Exam Tip: Numerical facts about missions, like the number of orbits, should be accurately remembered.

 

Question 6. According to a compliment from a journalist, Kalpana was a heroine.
Answer: True

Exam Tip: Pay attention to opinions or descriptions given by others about the main character, as these often highlight their impact.

 

Question 7. Kalpana had studied in a college in Haryana.
Answer: True

Exam Tip: Verify the locations of different stages of a person's education to avoid common errors.

 

Read the Following Passages and Answer the Questions Given Below Them:

 

(1) Kalpana Chawla said that she never dreamed, as a child in Karnal, that she would cross the frontiers of space. It was enough that her parents allowed her to attend engineering college after she had graduated from Tagore School. After a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering, against great opposition from her father, she went for a master's degree, to the United States of America. She later earned her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering. Kalpana Chawla was, the first Indian American woman astronaut to blast off from the launch pad at Cape, Canaveral, Florida and participate in a successful mission in space. Her family from India cheered along with the staff at the Kennedy Space Center as they watched the Columbia lift off.

 

Question 1. What did Kalpana Chawla never dream of as a child?
Answer: As a child, Kalpana Chawla never dreamt of crossing the frontiers of space.

Exam Tip: Focus on the exact phrasing of what she did "never dream of" to ensure an accurate answer.

 

Question 2. What according to Kalpana was enough for her parents to do?
Answer: According to Kalpana, it was enough for her parents to allow her to attend engineering college.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific action mentioned that satisfied Kalpana's initial aspirations regarding her parents.

 

Question 3. Describe the degrees that Kalpana earned in the India and in U.S.
Answer: Kalpana earned her Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from India. She earned her Master's degree and her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from the U.S.

Exam Tip: Clearly state each degree and the country where it was obtained to provide a complete answer.

 

Question 4. Who all cheered Kalpana as the Columbia took off for its space journey?
Answer: Kalpana's family from India and the staff at the Kennedy Space Center cheered Kalpana as the Columbia took off for its space journey.

Exam Tip: List all groups mentioned in the passage who supported her launch.

 

Question 5. What did Kalpana have to her credit?
Answer: Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian - American woman astronaut to blast off from the launch pad at Cape Canaveral, Florida and participate in a successful mission in space.

Exam Tip: Summarize her primary accomplishments and roles directly from the text.

 

(2) Kalpana was born in Karnal, Haryana, but was a naturalized U.S. citizen, married to flight instructor Jean-Pierre Harrison. Besides being an astronaut, she was licensed to fly single and multi-engine land airplanes, single engine sea-planes and gliders. She was also a certified flight instructor. After qualifying as a pilot, Kalpana began to consider another challenge; applying to NASA's space shuttle program. She was first hired as a research scientist at NASA. In 1994, she was selected by NASA for training as an astronaut.When asked what it was like being a woman in her field she replied, “I really never, ever thought, while pursuing my studies or doing anything else, that I was a woman, or a 'person from' a small city, or a different country. I pretty much had my dreams like anyone else and I followed them. And people who were around me, fortunately, always encouraged me and said, “If that's what you want to do, carry on.”

 

Question 1. To whom was Kalpana Chawla married?
Answer: Kalpana Chawla was married to flight instructor Jean-Pierre Harrison.

Exam Tip: Specific names of individuals, especially family members, are important details.

 

Question 2. What was Kalpana Chawla licensed to fly?
Answer: Kalpana was licensed to fly single and multi-engine land airplanes, single-engine seaplanes and gliders.

Exam Tip: List all types of aircraft she was authorized to pilot, as detailed in the passage.

 

Question 3. What did NASA first hire Kalpana as ?
Answer: NASA first hired Kalpana as a Research Scientist.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between her initial hiring role and later roles, such as astronaut training.

 

Question 4. What did Kalpana never think of?
Answer: Kalpana never thought while she was pursuing her studies or doing anything else that she was a woman or a person from a small city or from a different country.

Exam Tip: Extract the direct quote or paraphrase closely to answer questions about a person's thoughts or beliefs.

 

Question 5. How did people around Kalpana encourage her?
Answer: People around Kalpana always encouraged her by saying that, "If that's what you want to do, carry on."

Exam Tip: Provide the exact encouraging words if a quote is given in the text.

 

(3) Kalpana's first space mission in the space shuttle, Columbia, was 15 days, 16 hours and 34 minutes long. During this time she went around the earth 252 times, travelling 10.45 million kilometres! The crew included a Japanese and a Ukranian astronaut. The crew performed experiments such as pollinating plants to observe food growth in space and tests for making stranger metals and faster computer chips-all for a price tag of about 56 million dollars.

 

Question 1. Which space shuttle did Kalpana's first mission take place?
Answer: Kalpana's first mission took place in the space shuttle ‘Columbia'.

Exam Tip: Ensure the name of the space shuttle is spelled correctly.

 

Question 2. Besides Kalpana who else did the crew include?
Answer: Besides Kalpana, the crew members included a Japanese and a Ukranian astronaut.

Exam Tip: List the nationalities of other key crew members, as specified in the passage.

 

Question 3. What experiments did the crew perform ?
Answer: The crew performed experiments such as pollinating plants to observe food growth in space, and tests for making stronger metals and faster computer chips.

Exam Tip: Detail the specific types of experiments conducted during the mission, as provided in the text.

 

Question 4. What was the price tag given to the entire mission?
Answer: The price tag given to the entire mission was of about 56 million dollars.

Exam Tip: Quote the exact financial cost if mentioned, including the currency.

 

(4) On the Saturday night when the news about the Columbia disaster broke, there was shock and disbelief. The town of Karnal spent a sleepless night as thousands of households stayed glued to their television sets in the hope that Kalpana and the crew had somehow survived. A journalist wrote: She was a heroine. It takes enormous ability to become an astronaut. You need to know a lot about everything, from biology to astrophysics to aeronautical engineering. In this age of superspecialisation, you must have encyclopaedic knowledge to be an astronaut. Her achievement is awe-inspiring.

 

Question 1. Why did the town of Karnal spend a sleepless night the day the Columbia disaster broke out?
Answer: On the night, when the news of the Columbia disaster broke out, the town of Karnal stayed glued to their television sets in the hope that Kalpana and the crew had somehow survived, leading to a sleepless night.

Exam Tip: Explain the reason behind the town's reaction, focusing on the public's hope for the crew's survival.

 

Question 2. Why was Kalpana's achievement 'awe-inspiring', according to the journalist?
Answer: According to the journalist, in today's age of super-specialization Kalpana had detailed knowledge about everything from biology to astrophysics to aeronautical engineering. The journalist found this achievement of hers to be 'awe-inspiring'.

Exam Tip: Connect her wide-ranging knowledge and the context of specialization to explain why her achievement was considered 'awe-inspiring'.

 

Question 3. Why did Kalpana's story become an inspiration for millions of young Indians?
Answer: Kalpana's story became an inspiration for millions of young Indians as it was the story of a small town girl who had touched the skies.

Exam Tip: Emphasize her humble origins and extraordinary achievement as the key elements of her inspiring story.

 

Question 4. What did Kalpana tell the students to do in order to achieve their dreams?
Answer: Kalpana told the students that in order to achieve their dreams they must have the vision to find it and the courage to get on with it.

Exam Tip: Quote or accurately paraphrase Kalpana's advice, highlighting the importance of vision and courage.

 

Identify Which Sport Do Each of These Personalities Represent India on the World Platform:

 

Match the Column With the Right Choices:

Answer: (1-k), (2-l), (3-o), (4-h), (5-b), (6-e), (7-d), (8-a), (9-n), (10-f), (11-j),(12-i), (13-g), (14-c), (15-m).

Exam Tip: Knowledge of prominent Indian sports personalities and their respective sports is important for general awareness.

 

(B) Fill in the Blanks With the Correct Options From the Bracket:

 

1. The planet ............ is the brightest object in the sky after the sun and the moon. (Earth, Venus, Jupiter)
2. The planet ............ is the closest to the sun. (Earth, Mars, Mercury)
3. The planet ............ is the farthest from the sun. (Mars, Earth, Neptune)
4. The ............ is the earth's only permanent satellite. (Moon, Sun, Pole star)
5. ............ is the only planet in the solar system known to harbour life. (Earth, Mars, Venus)
Answer:
1. Venus
2. Mercury
3. Neptune
4. Moon
5. Earth

Exam Tip: Basic facts about the solar system and celestial bodies are often tested. Know them well.

 

Grammar

 

1. Select the Appropriate Words from the Box and Fill in the Blanks in the Given Text:

sand, or, really, while, anything, that, ever, what, -being

When asked .......... it was like ....... a woman in her field. She replied, “I never thought pursuing my studies .......... doing ...... else .......... I was a woman.

Answer: When asked What it was like being a woman in her field. She replied, “I really never ever thought of pursuing my studies while doing anything else, that was a woman.

Exam Tip: Read the full context carefully to pick words that fit logically and grammatically into the blanks.

 

2. The Following Text Has Eight Errors. Pick Them Out, Correct Them and Rewrite the Text:

Ones the Maharaja of Travancore ordered a huge dinner from his place for many importance people. The afternoon after the dinner, the Maharaja entered the kitchen seeing that dishes were been prepared.

Answer: Once the Maharaja of Travancore ordered a huge dinner from his palace for many important people. That afternoon after the dinner, the Maharaja entered into the kitchen to see how dishes were being prepared.

Exam Tip: Focus on common grammatical errors like word choice (Ones/Once), prepositions (from his place/from his palace, entered the kitchen/entered into the kitchen), and verb forms (were been prepared/were being prepared).

 

3. Fill in the Blanks in the Following Text With the Appropriate Forms of Verbs Given in the Brackets:

.......... (kneel) at a place where the water .......... (flow) quietly, he .......... (cup) a little in his hands and .......... (put) it to his lips.

Answer: Kneeling at a place where the water flowed quietly, he cupped a little in his hands and put it to his lips.

Exam Tip: Ensure verb forms match the tense and subject of the sentence for accuracy.

 

4. Fill in the Blanks in the Following Text With Appropriate Conjunctions:

They walked on .......... soon saw a herd of cows, .......... just .......... they were about to spread across – distributed across a given area .......... by a terrible noise.

Answer: They walked on and soon saw a herd of cows, but just as they were about to come up to it, they were stopped by a terrible noise.

Exam Tip: Select conjunctions that logically connect clauses and convey the correct sequence or contrast of events.

 

5. Rewrite as Directed:

(1) Kalpana Chawla said that she never dreamed. (Turn into Affirmative.)
(2) Besides being an astronaut, she was licensed to fly single and multi-engine land airplanes.(Use ‘Not only ... but also'.).
(3) In 1994, Kalpana was selected by NASA for training as an astronaut. (Change the Voice.)
(4) It takes enormous ability to become an astronaut. (Turn into Exclamatory.)
(5) Her achievement is awe-inspiring. (Turn into Interrogative.)
Answer:
(1) Kalpana Chawla denied that she ever dreamed.
(2) Not only was she an astronaut, but she was also licensed to fly single and multi-engine land airplanes.
(3) In 1994, NASA selected Kalpana for training as an astronaut.
(4) What enormous ability it takes to become an astronaut!
(5) Isn't her achievement awe-inspiring?

Exam Tip: Practice different types of sentence transformations, focusing on maintaining the original meaning while changing the structure as directed.

 

6. Replace the Underlined Phrases in the Sentences With the Words Similar in Meaning Given in the Brackets:

(1) The rocket blasted off successfully and is now headed for Mars. (broke down, shot upward, launched)
(2) The bomb explosion broke apart the bus. (destroyed, assembled, controlled)
(3) With all passengers on board, the crew members shut both the doors. (with proper documents, alighted, riding in the airplane)
Answer:
(1) The rocket shot upward successfully and is now headed for Mars.
(2) The bomb explosion destroyed the bus.
(3) With all passengers riding in the airplane, the crew members shut both the doors.

Exam Tip: Choose synonyms that best fit the context of the sentence to replace underlined phrases accurately.

 

7. Give the Opposites:

(1) Interesting
(2) later
(3) survived
(4) successful
(5) allowed
(6) qualified
(7) different
(8) fortunately
Answer:
(1) unInteresting, dull
(2) earlier
(3) died, destroyed
(4) failed
(5) disallowed, prohibited
(6) disqualified
(7) same, similar
(8) unfortunately

Exam Tip: Know common prefixes and suffixes that can form opposites, and be familiar with direct antonyms.

 

Additional Writing

 

Question 1. Write an e-mail to your friend describing your participation in a sports event.
Answer:
To : ankitjadeja@yahoo.com
Subject: Participation in a sports event

Hi, Ankit,

How are you? Nothing about your goings on. Well, annual sports are going on in our school, and I have participated in 'Kabaddi'. You are well-aware of my craze for 'Kabaddi'. I have been practising for not less than a month and have learnt some special tactics from a professional coach. I am confident that I will be able to perform very well. The final round is on Feb 8. If you can manage to come, it will be happy witnessing.

Take care.
Regards
Chiranjeev Shukla

Exam Tip: When writing an email, include all necessary components like recipient, subject, greeting, main body with relevant details, closing, and sender's name.

 

Question 2. Write a notice on behalf of the sports secretary of your school inviting students to take part in Yoga sessions going to be held every morning before the school hours.
Answer:

NOTICE

February, 4, 2020
Yoga-Our Fitness Mantra

Hi, everyone! Our school has started Yoga sessions before school hours. They will energise you for the whole day. For better concentration on studies, we need a fully charged mind and ‘Yoga' along with 'Prajiayam' has this advantageous feature.

The batches start from February 12. The time set on all weekdays is 6.30. A professional coach is appointed by school for better results. Limited batches for 'Yoga' may disappoint you, so become an early bird and enroll yourself with our P.T. teacher, Mr. Pritesh Patel.

Regards,
Nishant Brahmabhatt

Exam Tip: A notice should be concise, include a clear heading, date, relevant details (what, when, where, why, who), and contact information.

 

An Indian - American Woman in Space: Kalpana Chawla Summary in English

Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian-American astronaut and the first Indian woman to go into space. She was born in Karnal, Haryana, and completed her schooling and her Bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering in India. She then went on to pursue her Master's degree and her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from the United States. Kalpana was a naturalized U.S. citizen married to flight instructor Jean-Pierre Harrison. She was a certified flight instructor, licensed to fly single and multi-engine land airplanes, single-engine seaplanes and gliders. She was first hired by NASA as a Research Scientist. In 1994, she was selected by NASA for training as an astronaut. Kalpana never faced any problem on account of being a woman or a person from a small city. She was always encouraged by people around her.

 

Phrase and Idioms

blast off (here) shoot upward from the ground
naturalised (here) made somebody a citizen in that country
carry on (continue)
stay glued to (here) kept on looking at something attentively
set in (begin to happen)
awe-Inspiring (worthy of admiration or respect, amazing or magnificent)
touched the skies (here) became greatly well-known